十一 必修4 Unit2 SportseventsⅠ.阅读理解A(2021·安丘模拟)Breakdancingissettomakeitsfirstdebut(亮相)asanOlympicsportatParis2024,TonyEstanguet,headoftheParisorganizingcommittee,saidonFebruary21st.Skateboarding,sportclimbingandsurfing,whichhavealreadybeenaddedtotheprogrammeforthe2020TokyoOlympics,havebeeninvitedtoreturninParisfouryearslater.TonyEstanguetsaidthechoicesrespondedtoaneedtomaketheOlympics“moreurban”and“moreartistic”.WehavechosentopresenttheInternationalOlympicCommittee(IOC)withthefoursportsbecausetheyarecreative,appealingtoyouthandcompletelyinlinewithourvision.TheyreflectperfectlyParis2024’sidentity.Breakdancingisanexampleofasport“Whichcanbeplayedanywhereandanytimeinurbanandotherenvironment.”Itappearedatthe2018YouthOlympicsinBuenosAiresintheformofhead-to-head“battles”.Incompetitivebreakdancing,“breakers”faceoffin“battles”againsteachother,eitherasindividualsorteams.Breakdancersuseamixofphysicalandartisticskillscombiningelementsfromgymnasticsoracrobatics(杂技).TheIOChadannouncedthatthenumberofcompetitorsatParis2024wouldberestrictedto10,500,whichlimitedtheopportunitytoaddsports.ButtheorganizerssaidtheinclusionofthefoursportsinPariswouldnotnecessitatetheconstructionofpermanentfacilitiesandwouldinvolvejust248competitors,ofwhich32wouldbeinbreakdancing.ThesurfingeventsarelikelytobeheldinestablishedsurfcentressuchasBiarritzorLacanauinsouthwestFrance.TheinclusionstillneedtoberubberstampedbytheIOC,whichisexpectedtodecideonwhichsportstoaddinParisafternextyear’sTokyoGames. \n【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。巴黎组委会主席托尼·埃斯特古2月21日表示,霹雳舞将在2024年巴黎奥运会上首次亮相。文章介绍了将霹雳舞等运动纳入奥运会的原因,意义等相关信息。1.Whatdoweknowaboutbreakdancing?A.Itinvolvesmultipleskills.B.It’slimitedtogroupcompetition.C.ItwillshowupinParis2024.D.Itneverappearedintheworldevents.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第三段中Breakdancersuseamixofphysicalandartisticskillscombiningelementsfromgymnasticsoracrobatics.可知,霹雳舞者既使用体操又使用艺术技能,将来自体操或杂技的因素结合在了一起。由此可知,霹雳舞需要多重技能,故A项正确。2.WhyhaveParisorganizerschosenthefoursports?A.Becausetheyattractyoungpeople.B.BecausetheyperfectlyreflectParis’identity.C.BecausetheymakeParismoreurbanandartistic.D.Becausetheycanbeplayedanytimeandanywhere.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第二段中WehavechosentopresenttheInternationalOlympicCommittee(IOC)withthefoursportsbecausetheyarecreative,appealingtoyouthandcompletelyinlinewithourvision.可知,因为这四项运动具有创造性,吸引年轻人,完全符合委员会的愿景,故选A项。3.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph4?A.10,500competitorswillcompeteforthenewsports.B.MoresurfcentreswillbespeciallydesignedforParis2024.C.TheIOCwillrejecttheproposalbecauseofinadequatefacilities.D.Theinclusionwon’trequireadditionalcompetitionspacetobebuilt.【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第四段中ButtheorganizerssaidtheinclusionofthefoursportsinPariswouldnotnecessitatetheconstructionofpermanentfacilitiesandwouldinvolvejust248competitors,ofwhich32wouldbeinbreakdancing.ThesurfingeventsarelikelytobeheldinestablishedsurfcentressuchasBiarritz\norLacanauinsouthwestFrance.可知,这项计划不需要建造永久性设施,只涉及248名参赛者,其中包括32名霹雳舞参赛者。冲浪比赛很可能在法国西南部的比亚里茨或拉卡诺等既定的冲浪中心举行。由此推知,这项计划不会再需要建设额外的场地,故选D项。4.Whichisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwords“rubberstamped”inthelastparagraph?A.approved B.canceledC.submittedD.designed【解析】选A。词义猜测题。根据whichisexpectedtodecideonwhichsportstoaddinParisafternextyear’sTokyoGames可知,国际奥委会将在明年东京奥运会后决定在巴黎(奥运会)增加哪些体育项目。由此推知,前面应该指“增加这些比赛项目仍然需要国际奥委会的同意”。故画线词应表示“同意,认可”这样的意思,故选A项。【知识拓展】长难句分析TheIOChadannouncedthatthenumberofcompetitorsatParis2024wouldberestrictedto10,500,whichlimitedtheopportunitytoaddsports.分析:本句为主从复合句。that引导宾语从句;which引导非限制性定语从句。翻译:国际奥委会已经宣布2024年巴黎奥运会的参赛人数将被限制在10,500人以内,这限制了增加体育项目的机会。BIrecallwhenIwasyoungbackinCanada,IwassittingandwatchingabaseballgameonTVwithmyfatherandwestartedtodebatetheimportanceofsports.Atoddswithmyfather,Iarguedwithalltheoverconfidenceofateenagerthatsportsisnotjustaninterestinsparetimetokeepusphysicallyhealthyandwentasfarastoshoutthat“Therewouldbemorewarsifwedidn’thavesports!”Asanadult,myteenagetendenciesofoverstatementmayhavefadedbutIstillfirmlybelievethatsportsismorethanjustrecreationforbothparticipantsandtheaudience.Thechallengingtimeswearealllivingthroughrightnowwiththepandemic(流行病)areproofofthis.Thechangescausedbycallingoffallsportsfromprofessionalleaguesrightdowntoamateurathleticprograms,canbefeltbymillionsofpeopleworldwide.Tomanythesocialemotionalimpactisstronger.Thelossofthesenseofcommunity,ofbelonging,andofanextendedfamilyisrealformanypeople.\nOthersarefeelingthey’reinpoorphysicalconditionaswellastheyarestrugglingtoovercomeinactivitiesduringthesetimes.Butthehumanraceisunbelievableandadaptableinhardsituations,andsportsonceagainisplayingarole.Sportsteamsarestayingintouchonlineandareasourceofmuchneededsupport,loveandlaughterinthesetimes.Somanyprofessionalathletesareplayingvitalrolesthroughthiscrisisbysharingtheirmessagesofsupportandattimes,makingvaluabledonationstopeopleinneed.Eveninareaswherepeopleareseparatedfromothers,theyarecomingoutontheirbalconies(阳台)andleadingtheirneighboursthroughaworkoutprogrammetohelpthemgetinvolved.Otherathletesareturningtoonlineworkoutprogrammesforpeopletofollow.Onceagain,sportsisfindingitsway.And,inchallengingconditionssuchasnow,peoplearestillabletocontinuetheirsportsjourneyandstaystrongandhealthy.【文章大意】体育运动无论对参与者还是观众来说都不仅仅是一项娱乐活动,它可以使我们保持身心健康,即使在困难的日子里也能给人力量。5.Whatmaytheauthor’sfatheragreeonsports?A.Itisapersonalhobby.B.Itaffectssocialties.C.Itboostsconfidence.D.Ithelpsavoidwars.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Atoddswithmyfather,Iarguedwithalltheoverconfidenceofateenagerthatsportsisnotjustaninterestinsparetimetokeepusphysicallyhealthyandwentasfarastoshoutthat‘Therewouldbemorewarsifwedidn’thavesports!’”可知,作者认为体育运动不仅仅是用来保持身体健康的一种爱好,没有体育甚至会导致更多战争,而父亲的观点与作者不同,由此可知,作者的父亲应该是认为体育运动只是一种个人爱好,故选A。6.Whatistheimpactofcancellingsportsonpeople?A.Theybecomeimpatientandlonely.B.Theycommunicatelesswiththeirfamily.C.Theylosetheirsocialskillsgradually.D.Theyarechallengedphysicallyandmentally.\n【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Tomanythesocialemotionalimpactisstronger.Thelossofthesenseofcommunity,ofbelonging,andofanextendedfamilyisrealformanypeople.Othersarefeelingthey’reinpoorphysicalconditionaswellastheyarestrugglingtoovercomeinactivitiesduringthesetimes.”可知,取消体育运动会给人的身心都带来挑战。7.Howdoathletesrespondinthiscrisis?A.Theyareabsorbedintheonlineworld.B.Theydonatemoneytosportsteams.C.Theyseeknewwaystokeepactive.D.Theyengageincommunityservice.【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Sportsteamsarestayingintouchonlineandareasourceofmuchneededsupport,loveandlaughterinthesetimes...Otherathletesareturningtoonlineworkoutprogrammesforpeopletofollow.”可知,在这次危机中,运动队通过网络保持联系,给人们带来支持、爱与欢乐;一些专业运动员分享他们的支持信息,给在困境中的人们捐款;在隔离地区这些运动员在自家的阳台上带领邻居运动;其他运动员转向网上锻炼项目带领人们运动,即运动员寻求新的方式来保持活跃。8.Whatdoesthetextaimtotellus?A.Ajourneywithsportsmatterstoeveryone.B.Sports’rolekeepschangingindifferenttimes.C.People’sdisagreementonsportsisreasonable.D.Sportscontinuestoofferstrengthintoughtimes.【解析】选D。主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是最后一段中的“Onceagain,sportsisfindingitsway.And,inchallengingconditionssuchasnow,peoplearestillabletocontinuetheirsportsjourneyandstaystrongandhealthy.”可知,作者认为,在艰难的时期,体育运动仍然能为人们提供力量。Ⅱ.阅读填句(2021·威海模拟)No-friendeatingtrendWhenyoueatlunchinarestaurant,youmightseemanypeopleeatingbythemselves,watchingvideosontheirphones. 1 Doyouworrythey’relonely? \nYouprobablydidn’tevennoticebecauseyouwerelookingatyourownphone.TheNewYorkPostsaysthateatingalonewithelectronicdevicesisagrowingtrendamongyoungpeoplearoundtheworld.AccordingtoanewsurveyconductedbyOnePollonbehalfoftheUS-basedHighbushBlueberryCouncil,theaverageadulteatssixmealsaloneeachweekand387mealseachyear. 2 Maybenot. “Thewaywedefine‘togetherness’andwhatitmeanstobeconnectedseemstobeevolvingastechnologyevolves.Keepingourrelationshipsstrongdoesn’talwaysrequirebeingtogetherphysically,”wrotethereport.Nowadays,manyyoungpeoplespendmoretimestudyingandworkingincompetitiveenvironments. 3 Instead,it’snaturaltocommunicatewithothersthroughtext,emailandsocialmedia. DanielaGalarza,fromtheUS,isoneoftheseyoungpeople.ShetoldtheNewYorkPostthatshespentnearly10hoursonherworkeveryday.Shesaid,“Engagingwithmyfriendsandfamiliesonsocialmediaplatformsforabouthalfanhoureverydayalwayshelpsmefeelmoreconnectedwiththem. 4 ” “Today,‘togetherness’ismoreofafeelingthanaphysicalstate,andpeoplegetcreativetostayconnected,”aspokespersonforTheHighbushBlueberryCounciltoldtheNewYorkPost.“ 5 ” A.I’mnotlonelyanymore.B.Doyoufeelpityforthem?C.Beingtogetherallthetimeisgreat.D.Doesthismeantherearealotoflonelypeople?E.Theyenjoyeatingalonewithelectronicdevices.F.Theyhavelesstimetogatherandeatwiththeirfriendsorfamilies.G.Thejoyofbeingtogether—howeveryoumanageit—neverchanges.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了一种日益增长的社会趋势——无朋友进餐。1.【解析】选B。空格上文Whenyoueatlunchinarestaurant,youmightseemanypeopleeatingbythemselves,watchingvideosontheirphones.阐述当你在餐馆吃午饭时,\n你可能会看到很多人边看手机视频边自己吃饭。结合下文的问句可推断,B项符合语境,B项是一个问句,“你同情他们吗?”与下文“你担心他们孤独吗?”两个问题引出下文的内容。故选B。2.【解析】选D。空格前一段阐述一项新调查表明平均每个成年人每周独自吃六顿饭,每年独自吃387顿饭。D项中的“this”指代这种现象,下文的Maybenot.回答D项的问题“这意味着有许多孤独的人吗?”。故选D。3.【解析】选F。根据空格上文Nowadays,manyyoungpeoplespendmoretimestudyingandworkingincompetitiveenvironments.(现在,许多年轻人花更多的时间在竞争环境中学习和工作。)因此推断他们有更少的时间和他们的朋友或家人聚在一起吃饭。故选F。4.【解析】选A。根据空格上文Shesaid,“Engagingwithmyfriendsandfamiliesonsocialmediaplatformsforabouthalfanhoureverydayalwayshelpsmefeelmoreconnectedwiththem.可知,她说:每天在社交媒体平台上与我的朋友和家人交谈大约半个小时总是有助于我感觉与他们更有联系。因此推断她不孤独。故选A。5.【解析】选G。根据空格上文可知,今天,“亲密无间”更多的是一种感觉,而不是一种物质状态,人们有创造力来保持联系,因此推断在一起的快乐——无论你如何处理它——从来不会改变。故选G。Ⅲ.语法填空(2021·宁夏模拟)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Apairofresearchersfoundthatwhenyouappealtowealthypeoplefordonations,itwillofferthemasenseofcontrol.Thestudyconsistedofwritingandthensendinglettersto12,000IvyLeaguealumniwhoearnatleast$100,0001. (annual).Theresearcherswrotetwoversionsoftheirletter,bothof2. wereaskingforadonationtohelpwithcommunity3. (activity).Butthewordsweredifferent.Oneletter4. (write)insuchawayastogivethereaderafeelingofcontrol—“Sometimes,onepersonneedstocomeforwardandtakeindividualaction.”Theotherwasinamoregeneralsense—“Sometimes,acommunityneedstocomeforwardtosupportacommongoal.” Theresearchersthencomparedhowmuchindividualsdonated.Theyfoundthatthosewhohadreceivedtheletters5. (give)themmorecontrolweremore\ngenerous—theygaveonaverage$432.Those6. (send)themoregenerallettersto,on7. otherhand,gaveonaveragejust$270.Thedifferencecametoanaverageof1.5timesasmuch. Theresearcherssuggestedthatthedifferencesimplyconsistedingivingprospectivedonors(预期捐赠者)afeelingofmorecontrolover8. thedonatedmoneywouldbespent.Theyfurthersuggestedtheirfindingsindicatedthatinthefuture,thosewhowillconductcharityeventsmightneedorganizers9. (offer)somedegreeofcontroltoprospectivedonors.Theymightfindtheywouldgetmore10. return. 【文章大意】本文是说明文,介绍了两位研究人员发现,当你吸引富人捐款时,给他们一种掌控感,将会获得更多的捐款,文章对此进行了分析解释。1.【解析】annually。考查副词。句意:这项研究包括给1.2万名常春藤联盟的校友写信并发送,这些校友每年至少能赚10万美元。分析句子可知,修饰动词earn用副词作状语,故填annually。2.【解析】which。考查定语从句。句意:研究人员写了两个版本的信,都是请求捐款来资助社区活动。分析句子可知,空格处引导定语从句,先行词是twoversionsoftheirletter,在从句中作介词宾语,指物,用关系代词which,故填which。3.【解析】activities。考查名词单复数。句意:研究人员写了两个版本的信,都是请求捐款来资助社区活动。with后接名词作宾语,communityactivity“社区活动”,根据句意,此处应指不止一次社区活动,应用复数,故填activities。4.【解析】waswritten。考查动词时态与语态。句意:一封信以一种能给读者掌控感这样的方式来书写——“有时候,需要一个人站出来,采取个人行动。”write是谓语动词,与主语letter构成被动关系,根据语境可知,讲述过去发生的事情,用一般过去时,且主语是单数,故填waswritten。5.【解析】giving。考查非谓语动词。句意:他们发现那些收到信的人,当给予他们更多的控制权时,他们就会更慷慨——平均捐款432美元。在who引导的定语从句中,received是谓语动词,故give用非谓语动词形式作后置定语,give的逻辑主语是letters,与give之间是主动关系,故填giving。\n6.【解析】sent。考查非谓语动词。句意:另一方面,那些被发送了一般信件的人,平均捐款270美元。分析句子可知,句子的谓语动词是gave,故send用非谓语动词形式,作定语修饰those,those与send之间是被动关系,故用过去分词作定语,故填sent。7.【解析】the。考查冠词。句意:另一方面,那些被发送了一般信件的人,平均捐款270美元。ontheotherhand“另一方面”是固定短语,故填the。8.【解析】how。考查宾语从句连接词。句意:研究人员指出,区别只是在于给预期捐赠者更多关于捐款将如何使用的控制感。分析句子可知,over后是宾语从句,从句主谓宾齐全,根据句意,缺少how“如何”来引导宾语从句,故填how。9.【解析】tooffer。考查不定式。句意:他们进一步指出,研究结果表明,在未来,那些将要举办慈善活动的人可能需要组织者给予预期捐赠者某种程度的控制权。needsb.todosth.“需要某人做某事”,用不定式作宾语补足语,故填tooffer。10.【解析】in。考查固定短语。句意:他们可能会发现他们会得到更多作为回报。inreturn作为回报,是固定短语,故填in。Ⅰ.阅读理解 Observingfishintheoceandepthsischallenging.Waterpressure,darklightandmoremakeexploringtheoceanatrickyexpedition.ButresearchersatMITbelievetheyhavetheanswer:asoftrobotfishcalledSoFi(shortforsoftfish).Thissmall,fish-lookingrobotswimsquietlythroughitsenvironment,freefromanythingattachedtoitsoitdoesn’tdisrupttheecosystembyknockingintothingsandbreakingthem.They’vealreadytakenSoFioutforasuccessfultestswim.“Toourknowledge,thisisthefirstroboticfishthatcanswimuntetheredforextendedperiodsoftime,”RobertKatzschmann,leadauthorandComputerScienceandArtificialIntelligenceLaboratory(CSAIL)Ph.D.candidate,saidinastatement.Thisisamarkedimprovementoverotherautonomousunderwatervehicles(AUVs),whichareloud,largeandhavealimitedrangeofmotionasthey’reoftentiedtoboats.SoFiisn’tanyofthosethingsthankstoitsuniquedesignandconstruction.Forstarters,thebacksideofthelittlerobotfishismadeofsiliconrubberandflexibleplastic,meaningitwon’tdamageareefifitbumpsintoit.\nTocontrolSoFi,theteamturnedtooneofthebestwaystocontroljustaboutanything:awaterproofedandcustomizedcontrolpadforaSuperNintendo.Theresearchersalsodevelopedacustomacoustic(声学的)communicationsystemtosendSoFiinstructions.Solongasthey’rewithin70feet(21meters)ofSoFi,pushingaright,left,upordownonthedirectionalpadwillsendanultrasonic(超声的)commandusingwavelengthsof30to36kilohertz(千赫).SoFireceivesthecommandandfollowssuit.IfSoFidoesn’treceiveacommand,it’lljustswiminthelastcommandeddirection.SoFiispoweredbyalithiumpolymerbattery,thekindfoundinsmartphones,anditcanfilmandtakehigh-resolutionphotosthankstoafisheyelenshousedinits“nose”.However...【文章大意】本文为说明文。文章介绍了麻省理工学院最新研制的机器鱼SoFi。1.WhichisNOTtrueaboutSoFi?A.Itcanswimfasterthananyotherrealfish.B.Itcanswimquietlywithoutdisturbingothers.C.ItcanswimdeeperthanformerAUVs.D.Itcanbecontrolledbyhumanbeings.【解析】选A。细节理解题。文章中没有提到SoFi比别的鱼游得快,其他选项均有涉及,故答案为A。2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“untethered”mean?A.Withoutanythingattachedtoit.B.Withoutachargeablebattery.C.Withoutbeingobservedbypeople.D.Withoutmakinganyloudnoise.【解析】选A。词义猜测题。根据文章第二段第一句可知,SoFi和早期的水下设备的不一样在于它没有被东西束缚着,可推知该词表示“未被束缚、绑住”的意思。3.Whatdoestheauthormeanbymentioningsiliconrubberandflexibleplastic?A.TotellusSoFiiseasytomakewith.B.TotellusSoFiislighterthanweexpect.C.TotellusSoFiissafetotheenvironment.D.TotellusSoFicannotbedamagedbywater.\n【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据文章第四段第三句,可知提到硅橡胶和柔性塑料的目的是证明SoFi对环境是安全的,不会撞坏周围的礁石。4.Whatwillbediscussedinthenextparagraph?A.ScientistswillmakeSoFichangeitsshape.B.TherearesomefaultsofSoFi.C.SoFiwillchangetheconceptofrobot.D.SoFiwillbringarevolutiontotheseaexploration.【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第五段内容,可知该段介绍的是SoFi的若干优点及操作,而最后一句用了表示转折关系的“但是”,可知下文应介绍一些SoFi有待改善的地方。Ⅱ.完形填空(2021·合肥模拟)Americansprefertotryeverywaytohavefun.Forexample,theydrivetheirowncars,someeventowasmallboataftervehicle.TheystartfromLosAngeles,Californiaundersun, 1 throughfourorfivehundredmilestogotoLaFulin,ColoradotospendweekendswhileChinesepeoplearestill 2 withwork,andhavedinnerathometogetherwithfamiliesatweekendsor 3 timewatchingTV. Thedifferenceismainlyduetoculturalcustomsandtraditions 4 thetwocountries.ItissaidthatChinesepeoplearelivingforothers,whileAmericansarefor 5 .WhenChinesepeoplecometotheUnitedStates,theyfightfor 6 first,andthendesperatelymakemoneyaftertheyarerecognizedbyothers.Itseemsthat,thepurposetoearnmoneyisnottoenjoylife, 7 fortheirfollowinggenerationssonsanddaughtersandevengrandchildren.Chinesepeopleprefertosavemoney 8 emergency,suchasillness.AlthoughChinesepeoplewith 9 intheUnitedStatesdon’tneedtoworryabouttheirownsocialwelfareandhealthinsurance,theyworkstillveryhard,astheyhopethattheycan 10 moremoney. Chinesepeople’sinterestisintheamountonthepassbook(存折),sotheyspend 11 moneyusually. MostofChineseareverythrifty(节约的),andtheyare 12 tospendmoney,butthereareexceptions.Theyarewillingtospendmoneyontheir 13 \n.ManyChinesepeoplethinkthat,theyendure(容忍)many 14 ,sotheywishthattheirchildrencouldlivemuchbetter.Therefore,intheUnitedStateselementaryschools,youcanseethatthosewho 15 thebestclothes,withmorepocketmoneyareChinesestudents.Incontrast,Americanchildrendressverysimply,withjustalittlepocketmoney. 16 Chinese,Americansbelieveinlivingforthemselves.Theydoeverythingfortheirown. 17 ,theyearnmoneytoenjoya 18 life,andpursueahigherqualityoflife.Asfortheirownparentsorchildren,theythinkthatparentshavetheirownpensionandsocialwelfare,andchildrenshouldlivea(n) 19 lifewhentheyare18yearsold.Sotheycouldboldlyspendmoneyonthemselves. 20 ,Americanssavelittlemoney.Inthestreet,itiseasyforChinesetotakeout300-400dollars,butitishardtosayforAmericans. 【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。由于中美两国文化和传统差异,两国人民对待钱的态度也非常不同。中国人努力挣钱、存钱,把钱留给自己的下一辈;而美国人挣钱是为了享受更好的生活。1.A.running B.driving C.going D.walking【解析】选B。考查动词词义辨析。句意:他们从洛杉矶开始,在加利福尼亚的骄阳下,开车穿越了四五百英里去科罗拉多州过周末,而中国人仍然在忙着工作,周末和家人一起吃饭或者花时间看电视。running跑;driving开车;going去;walking走。根据上文的Forexample,theydrivetheirowncars可知此处用“开车”符合语境,drive是原词复现,故选B项。2.A.boringB.pleasantC.busyD.angry【解析】选C。考查形容词词义辨析。句意:同上。boring无聊的;pleasant愉快的;busy繁忙的;angry生气的。根据句意可知,此处考查短语bebusywithsth.“忙于某事”,故选C项。3.A.spendB.takeC.costD.pay【解析】选A。考查动词词义辨析。句意:同上。spend花费;take花费;cost花费;pay支付。根据句意可知,此处考查固定短语spendtime(in)doingsth.“花时间做某事”,故选A项。4.A.throughB.forC.amongD.between\n【解析】选D。考查介词词义辨析。句意:此不同之处主要是由于两国之间的文化习俗和传统。through穿过;for为了;among在(三者或以上)之间;between在(两者)之间。根据上下文可知,此处是指中国和美国两个国家之间的文化习俗和传统,故选D项。5.A.themselvesB.theirsC.themD.others【解析】选A。考查代词词义辨析。句意:据说,中国人是为他人而活,而美国人是为他们自己而活。themselves他们自己;theirs他们的;them他们;others其他人。根据句意可知,此处用“他们自己”符合语境,故选A项。6.A.survivalB.remainderC.existenceD.material【解析】选A。考查名词词义辨析。句意:当中国人到美国时,他们一开始是努力活下来,然后在被他人认可后开始拼命挣钱。survival幸存,活下来;remainder通知单,提示物;existence存在;material物质,材料。根据下文的andthendesperatelymakemoney可知此处用“活下来”符合语境,故选A项。7.A.orB.norC.butD.and【解析】选C。考查并列连词辨析。句意:似乎挣钱不是为了享受生活,而是为了他们的子女后代甚至是孙子/女。or或者;nor也不;but但是;and和,并且。根据句意可知,此处考查固定表达not...but...“不是……而是……”,故选C项。8.A.inpossessionofB.onaccountofC.inspiteofD.incaseof【解析】选D。考查介词短语辨析,句意:中国人偏向于存钱以防突发情况,例如疾病。inpossessionof拥有;onaccountof由于;inspiteof尽管;incaseof以防。根据句意可知,此处用“以防”符合语境,故选D项。9.A.identityB.forceC.fameD.power【解析】选A。考查名词词义辨析。句意:尽管在美国有身份的中国人不用担心他们自己的社会福利和医保,但是他们仍然很努力地工作,因为他们希望他们可以存更多钱。identity身份;force武力;fame名声;power力量。结合上下文可知,此处是指得到美国国籍的中国人,故选A项。10.A.borrowB.giveC.useD.save\n【解析】选D。考查动词词义辨析。句意:同上。borrow借;give给;use使用;save存。根据上文的Chinesepeopleprefertosavemoney emergency可知此处用“存”符合语境,save是原词复现,故选D项。 11.A.largeB.fewC.muchD.little【解析】选D。考查形容词词义辨析。句意:中国人的兴趣在存折上钱的数量,因此他们平时几乎不花钱。large大的;few几乎没有;much很多;little几乎没有。根据句意可知,此处用“几乎没有”符合语境,few修饰可数名词,故选D项。12.A.easyB.reluctantC.willingD.happy【解析】选B。考查形容词词义辨析。句意:大多数中国人都很节约,他们不愿意花钱,但也有例外。easy容易的;reluctant不情愿的;willing乐意的;happy高兴的。根据上文的MostofChineseareverythrifty可知很多中国人不愿意花钱,故选B项。13.A.childrenB.relativesC.parentsD.friends【解析】选A。考查名词词义辨析。句意:他们乐意把钱花在孩子身上。children孩子;relatives亲人;parents父母;friends朋友。根据上文的Itseemsthat,thepurposetoearnmoneyisnottoenjoylife, fortheirfollowinggenerationssonsanddaughtersandevengrandchildren可知中国的父母愿意把钱花在孩子身上,故选A项。 14.A.hardshipsB.problemsC.obsessionD.convenience【解析】选A。考查名词词义辨析。句意:很多中国人都认为他们吃了很多苦,所以他们希望他们的孩子可以生活得更好。hardships困苦;problems问题;obsession痴迷;convenience便利。根据上下文可知,很多中国人因为自己吃了苦,所以希望孩子不吃苦,故选A项。15.A.matchB.decorateC.dressD.wear【解析】选D。考查动词词义辨析。句意:因此,在美国的小学,你可以看到那些穿最好的衣服,有更多零花钱的学生是中国学生。match相配;decorate装饰;dress给……穿;wear穿着。根据句意可知,此处用“穿着最好的衣服”符合语境,dress后面只能接人,故选D项。16.A.DifferentfromB.InterestedinC.SimilartoD.Thanksto\n【解析】选A。考查形容词短语辨析。句意:和中国人不同,美国人是为自己而活。Differentfrom和……不同;Interestedin对……感兴趣;Similarto与……相似;Thanksto多亏。根据上下文可知,此处是把美国人和中国人作对比,故选A项。17.A.OtherwiseB.HoweverC.ThereforeD.Since【解析】选C。考查副词词义辨析。句意:因此,他们挣钱是为了享受更好的生活,追求更高质量的生活。Otherwise否则;However然而;Therefore因此;Since自从,因为。根据句意可知,上下文是因果关系,故选C项。18.A.betterB.wellC.goodD.rich【解析】选A。考查形容词比较级。句意:同上。better更好的;well好的;good好的;rich富裕的。根据下文的andpursueahigherqualityoflife可知此处应用形容词比较级,故选A项。19.A.singleB.independentC.differentD.comfortable【解析】选B。考查形容词词义辨析。句意:对于他们自己的父母或孩子,他们认为父母有自己的养老金和社会福利,孩子在18岁时就应该独立生活。single单一的;independent独立的;different不同的;comfortable舒适的。根据文化常识可知,美国人认为孩子在18岁时应该独立生活,故选B项。20.A.InthatcaseB.AsawholeC.InthiswayD.Asaresult【解析】选D。考查副词短语辨析。句意:因此,美国人很少存钱。Inthatcase那样的话;Asawhole总体上;Inthisway用这种方法;Asaresult因此。结合上下文可知,此处与上文是因果关系,故选D项。Ⅲ.短文改错 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在此符号下面写出该加的词。删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。\n注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。(2021·湖北模拟) AsachildIalwayswantedtobecomeadoctor.Ikeptmydreamsthroughoutprimaryschoolandmiddleschool.WhenIadmittedtoamedicalcollege,Iwasveryexciting.AfteryearsofstudyIgraduatedandenteredachildren’shospital.Iworkedhardandsoonbecameaexperienceddoctor.IdidnotgetmarriedwithuntilIwasoverthirty.Iworkedduringthedayandafterworkenjoyedlifewithmyfamily.Intheageof60Iretire,butIoftenhelpedyoungdoctorswhentheyneededme.Youdon’tworrytoomuchaboutmyhealthproblem.IbelievethatIdon’tcareaboutthem,theywon’thurtme.SoIamstillhealthandhappytoday.答案:\n 1.【解析】第二句:dreams改为dream。考查名词的数。句意:我在整个小学和中学都坚持我的梦想。dream是可数名词,根据语境只有当医生一个梦想,应用单数形式。故dreams改为dream。2.【解析】第三句:第一个I后加was。考查固定短语。句意:当我被医学院录取时,我非常兴奋。结合句意表示“被……录取”短语为beadmittedto,且事情发生在过去应用一般过去时,主语为I,be动词用was。故第一个I后加was。3.【解析】第三句:exciting改为excited。考查形容词。句意同上。此处修饰人应用-ed结尾的形容词,-ing结尾的形容词用于修饰物。故exciting改为excited。4.【解析】第五句:a改为an。考查不定冠词。doctor为可数名词,此处表示泛指“一名医生”应用不定冠词,且experienced为元音音素开头的单词,故用不定冠词an。故a改为an。5.【解析】第六句:去掉until前的with。考查介词。句意:我直到30多岁才结婚。短语getmarriedwithsb.表示“跟某人结婚”,此处后面没有宾语,故介词with多余。故去掉until前的with。6.【解析】第八句:In改为At。考查介词。句意:我60岁退休了,但我经常在年轻医生需要我的时候帮助他们。结合句意表示“在……岁时”短语为attheageof...。故In改为At。7.【解析】第八句:retire改为retired。考查动词时态。句意同上。此处讲述的是过去的事情,要用一般过去时。故retire改为retired。8.【解析】第九句:You改为I。考查代词。句意:我不太担心我的健康问题。本文作者用第一人称讲述,此处应是作者本人,应用代词I。故You改为I。9.【解析】第十句:that改为if,或在that后加if。考查连词。句意:我相信如果我不在乎它们,它们不会伤害我。believe后接宾语从句中为条件状语从句,表示“如果”应用if,且宾语从句中that可省略,故可将that改为if,或在that后加if。\n10.【解析】第十一句:health改为healthy。考查形容词。句意:所以我今天仍然健康快乐。be动词后接形容词healthy,作表语,表示“健康的”。故health改为healthy。Ⅳ.书面表达(2021·北京模拟)假设你是新华中学的学生李华,得知某英文报招聘兼职记者,你有意应聘,请按下列要点给报社写一封自荐信。1.表示感兴趣;2.说明优势:知识面、英语水平、合作精神、相关经历;3.希望得到回复。注意:词数100左右。DearSirorMadam,________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【参考范文】DearSirorMadam,IamintheninthgradeatXinhuaMiddleSchool.MyEnglishteachertoldmethatyourmagazineislookingforpart-timereporters.IbelieveIhavetherightskillsandenoughmotivationtotakeonthejob.IworkedasavolunteerattheCommonWealthGamesinAustralialastspring.Therefore,IhadexperienceofworkinginEnglishandinteractingwithpeoplewithdifferentbackgrounds.Infact,Imadefriendswithpeopleworldwide.Ialsohadachancetopracticeteamabilities.WhenIcamebacktoChina,Iwroteafrontpagestoryaboutmytripforourschoolnewspaper.Istandoutamongmypeersbykeepingastronginterestinlearningthingsbeyondmytextbooks.Byreadingnewspapersdaily,Iamabletofollowtheimportanteventsanddiscussthemwithparentsorclassmates.I’dappreciateitsomuchifyoucouldpossiblyconsidermyapplication.I’mlookingforwardtoyourearlyreplyandpleaseemailmeatlihua@yahoo.com.cn.\nYours,LiHua
