二十 选修7 Unit1 Livingwithtechnology(限时35分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2021·北京模拟)Alzheimer’sAIAnestimated5.7millionpeopleintheU.S.haveAlzheimer’sdisease—themostcommontypeofdementia(痴呆)-andthatnumberisexpectedtomorethandoubleby2050.Earlydiagnosisiscrucialforpatientstobenefitfromthefewtherapiesavailable.Butnoscanscandeliveraconclusivediagnosiswhileapersonisalive;insteaddoctorshavetoconductnumerousandcomplicatedclinicalandneuropsychologicaltests.SothereisgrowinginterestindevelopingartificialintelligencetoidentifyAlzheimer’sbasedonbrainimaging.ResearchersattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco,havenowsuccessfullytrainedanAIalgorithm(算法)torecognizeoneoftheearlysignsofAlzheimer’s—areductioninthebrain’sglucose(葡萄糖)consumption—inpositronemissiontomography(PET)imaging.ThealgorithmaccuratelypredictedaneventualAlzheimer’sdiagnosisinnearlyallthetestcases,accordingtothestudy.InPETimaging,averysmallamountofaradioactivecompoundisinjectedintothebody,producingthree-dimensionalimagesofmetabolism(新陈代谢),circulationandothercellularactivities.PETiswellsuitedforanAIdiagnostictoolbecauseAlzheimer’sleadstosubtlechangesinthebrain’smetabolismthatbeginyearsbeforeneural(神经的)tissuestartstogodownhill,saysstudyco-authorJaeHoSohn,aradiologistatUCSF.Thesechangesare“veryhardforradiologiststopickup,”henotes.Thealgorithmwastrainedandtestedon2,100PETbrainimagesfromabout1,000people55yearsandolder.Theimagescamefroma12-yearstudythattrackedpeoplewhowouldultimatelybediagnosedwithAlzheimer’s,aswellasthosewithmildmemorydeclinesandhealthycontrolparticipants.Thealgorithmwastrainedon90\npercentofthedataandtestedontheremaining10percent.Itwasthenretestedonasecond,independentdatasetfrom40patientsmonitoredfor10years.Thealgorithmwashighlysensitiveandwasabletorecognize81percentofthepatientsinthefirsttestgroupand100percentinthesecondwhowouldbediagnosedwithAlzheimer’ssixyearslater,onaverage.ThefindingswerepublishedinFebruaryinRadiology.Thealgorithmisbasedondeeplearning,amachine-learningtechniquethatusesartificialneuralnetworksprogrammedtolearnfromexamples.“Thisisoneofthefirstpromising,preliminary(初步的)applicationsofdeeplearningtothediagnosisofAlzheimer’s,”saysChristianSalvatore,aphysicistatItaly’sNationalResearchCouncil,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy.“Themodelperformsverywellwhenidentifyingpatientswithmildorlatediagnoses”,hesays,“butcatchingitintheearlieststagesremainsoneofthemostcriticalopenissuesinthisfield.”【文章大意】本文主要介绍了利用人工智能诊断老年痴呆症能够较早确诊。1.PeopleareincreasinglyinterestedinusingAItoidentifyAlzheimer’sbecause . A.thenumberofpeoplesufferingfromdementiaismorethandoublingB.diagnosticmethodsthatarebothreliableandconvenientareinneedC.thereareonlyalimitednumberofeffectivetherapiesforthepatientsD.diagnosingAlzheimer’sdiseasethroughAIisstillanunexploredarea【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第一段可知,早期诊断对于患者是至关重要的,但是,在一个人还活着的时候,医生必须进行大量复杂的临床和神经心理学测试。因此,人们需要既可靠又方便的诊断方法,所以越来越有兴趣开发人工智能来识别基于大脑成像的老年痴呆症。故选B。2.WhatcanwelearnaboutPETimaging?A.Itrecognizestheworseningoftheneuraltissue.B.Itreducestheglucoseconsumptioninthebrain.C.Itchangesthepatternofthebrain’smetabolism.D.Itphotographsvariouskindsofcellularactivities.\n【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第三段的“InPETimaging,averysmallamountofaradioactivecompoundareinjectedintothebody,producingthree-dimensionalimagesofmetabolism(新陈代谢),circulationandothercellularactivities可知,PET影像拍摄各种细胞活动。故选D。3.AccordingtoParagraph4, . A.90%ofthepeopleinthestudyweretrainedonthealgorithmB.theparticipantsinthestudyconsistofpeoplebothyoungandoldC.81%ofthepeopleinthefirsttestgroupwerediagnosedwithAlzheimer’sD.thealgorithmmanagedtorecognizeallthepatientsinthesecondtestgroup【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第四段Thealgorithmwashighlysensitiveandwasabletorecognize81percentofthepatientsinthefirsttestgroupand100percentinthesecondwhowouldbediagnosedwithAlzheimer’ssixyearslater可知,该算法成功地识别了第二试验组的所有患者。故选D。4.WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph5?A.ThealgorithmservesasapromisingtreatmentofAlzheimer’s.B.DeeplearninghasbeenwidelyappliedindiagnosingAlzheimer’s.C.TodetectAlzheimer’sinitsearlieststagescallsformoreexploration.D.WhethertousethemodeltodetectAlzheimer’sremainsacriticalissue.【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第五段butcatchingitintheearlieststagesremainsoneofthemostcriticalopenissuesinthisfield.可知,要在最早的阶段发现老年痴呆症,需要更多的探索。故选C。【知识拓展】长难句分析Thealgorithmwashighlysensitiveandwasabletorecognize81percentofthepatientsinthefirsttestgroupand100percentinthesecondwhowouldbediagnosedwithAlzheimer’ssixyearslater,onaverage.分析:该句是复合句。主句中and连接并列谓语washighlysensitive和wasabletorecognize,81percentofthepatientsinthefirsttestgroupand100percentinthesecond是并列宾语,作recognize的宾语;who引导的是定语从句,修饰先行词patients。翻译:该算法非常敏感,能够识别第一个测试组中81%的患者和第二个测试组中100%的患者,平均6年后被诊断为“老年痴呆症”。\n【加固训练】阅读理解IfyouliveinWashingtonD.C.orRedwood,Calif.,youmayhaveglimpsedasmall,boxyrobotrollingalongalocalsidewalk,mindingitsownbusiness,butattractingtheattentionofmanyacuriousonlooker.Therobots,whichlooklikeelectricricecookerswithwheels,werepartofapilotprogramlastyearbyStarshipTechnologiesfocusedondeliveringmealsfromlocalrestaurantsindozensofcitiesaroundtheworld.Thisweek,thecompanyrevealedplanstobroadenitsdeliveryservicebeyondfoodtoincludepackages,amovethatmadeit“theworld’sfirstrobotpackagedeliveryservice”.ThepackagedeliveryserviceisonlyavailableinsomecitiesintheUS.Thewheeledrobotshaveatopspeedof4mphandcandetectbarriersfromasfaras30feetaway.“Therobotcanoperatethroughjustaboutanything,”saysNickHandrick,headofoperationsforStarship’sD.C.office,“Ifyouhavesomethingintheway,it’sabletoclimbit.”Bygivingcustomerscontrolofwhendeliveriesoccur,StarshipTechnologiesispromotingitsserviceasawaytocombatpackagetheft.Tosignupfortheservice,whichcostsalittlemorethan$10permonth,customersneedtodownloadthecompany’sapp.Customersthencreatea“StarshipDeliveryAddress”,auniqueaddressinsideaStarshipfacility,insteadofahomeaddress,wheretheycanhavepackagessentfromplacessuchasAmazon.com.OnceapackageisdeliveredtotheStarshipaddress,customersreceiveatextnoticethatallowsthemtoscheduleahomedeliveryviarobots.Therobotsareopenedbycustomerswithamobilephonecode(代码).【文章大意】本文为说明文。文章主要讲了在美国的一些城市,包裹可以由机器人运送了。1.WhatdoweknowaboutStarshipTechnologiescompany?A.PackagesaredeliveredbyitsrobotsallroundAmerica.B.Itsrobotshavetakenonpackagedeliveryforalongtime.C.Itisthefirsttoproviderobotpackagedeliveryservice.D.Itsdeliveryserviceisthebestofallintheworld.\n【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第三段Thisweek,thecompanyrevealedplanstobroadenitsdeliveryservicebeyondfoodtoincludepackages,amovethatmadeit“theworld’sfirstrobotpackagedeliveryservice”.(本周,该公司公布了将送货服务从食品扩展到包裹的计划,此举使其成为“世界上第一家送货机器人”。)由此可知星际飞船技术公司是第一家提供机器人包裹递送服务的公司,故选C。2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“combat”inParagraph4probablymean?A.Delay. B.Prevent.C.Report.D.Discover.【解析】选B。词义猜测题。由第四段Bygivingcustomerscontrolofwhendeliveriesoccur(通过让客户控制何时发货),可以推断出下文StarshipTechnologiesispromotingitsserviceasawaytocombatpackagetheft.意思是星际飞船技术公司正在提升其服务,作为一种防止包裹盗窃的方式。combat意思是“防止”。故选B。3.Whatcanwelearnaboutrobotpackagedeliveryservice?A.Customerscan’topentherobotswithoutamobilephonecode.B.StarshipDeliveryAddressisthecustomer’shomeaddress.C.Customershavetopayalittlemorethan$10eachtime.D.Robotsthemselveshavecontroloverwhentodeliverpackages.【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据最后一段Therobotsareopenedbycustomerswithamobilephonecode(这些机器人由顾客用手机代码打开),可知没有手机代码,顾客无法打开机器人,故选A。4.Whatmaybethebesttitleforthepassage?A.RobotDeliveryServiceIsTakingOffB.HumansAreBeingReplacedbyRobotsC.EverythingCanBeDonebyRobotsD.PackagesCanBeDeliveredbyRobots【解析】选D。主旨大意题。第三段Thisweek,thecompanyrevealedplanstobroadenitsdeliveryservicebeyondfoodtoincludepackages,amovethatmadeit“theworld’sfirstrobotpackagedeliveryservice”.是全文的主题句,结合全文内容,可知这篇文章主要讲了在美国的一些城市,包裹可以由机器人运送了。故选D。【知识拓展】长难句分析\nBygivingcustomerscontrolofwhendeliveriesoccur,StarshipTechnologiesispromotingitsserviceasawaytocombatpackagetheft.分析:本句为简单句,Bygivingcustomerscontrolofwhendeliveriesoccur是介词短语作状语,其中when引导的句子作介词of的宾语从句;tocombatpackagetheft作away的定语。翻译:通过让顾客控制什么时候投送快递,星际飞船技术公司正在提升其服务,作为一种打击包裹盗窃的方式。B(2021·厦门模拟) Fancyyourownsatellite?ArizonaStateUniversityisworkingtowardsmakingthisarealitywithitsSunCubeFemtoSatproject.SmallerthanastandardCubeSat,thelow-coststudent-designedspacecraftisaimedatprovidinggreateraccesstospaceforscientistsandhobbyistsalike.AssistantprofessorJekanThangaandateamofstudentshavebeendevelopingtheSunCubeFemtoSatforthepasttwoyears.Thesmall3×3×3cmcubeweighsinatjust35gandalonger(3×3×9cm,100g)modelhasalsobeendesigned,whichincludesstoragespace.EachSunCubeFemtoSathasitsowncommunication,datacollectionandpropulsion(推进)systemsandispoweredbysolarpanels.Itismadeofoff-the-shelfpartsthatareavailableinshops,andtheenergy-efficientsolarpanelsarecutfromscrap(碎片),whichmakesitsaveenergy,soldatadiscountbymanufacturers(制造商).“Withaspacecraftofthissize,anyuniversitycandoit,”saysThanga.“That’spartofourmajorgoal—spacediscoveryforeverybody.”TheteamsaysthatwhilelaunchingyourownsatellitewouldusuallycostbetweenUS$60,000—70,000perkilo,itwouldonlycost$1,000tosendaSunCubeFemtoSattotheInternationalSpaceStation,and$3,000tosenditintolowearthorbit.Leavingtheearth’sgravitywouldcostanestimated$27,000.TheFemtoSatwouldbepackedwitha“jackinthebox”stylesystemthatmatchesstandardCubeSatsizes(around10cubiccm),simplifyingtheprocessofgettingthe\ntinysatelliteintoorbit.NASAhassent30CubeSatsintospaceoverthelastfewyears,withanother50awaitinglaunch.ThangaandhisstaffviewtheFemtoSatasastartingpointforscientistsandstudents,andevenhopethedevicecouldbeboughtonthewebsitelikeAmazononeday.Thangaimaginesdevelopingfourmainapplicationsforthedevice,includinghands-ontestingexperiencesforstudents,andartificialgravityexperiments.Inaddition,groupsofSunCubeFemtoSatsareeventuallyabletodothejoboflargerspacecraftatavastlydiscountedcost.【文章大意】本文介绍了一种新的卫星。它尺寸小,价格便宜,耗费能量低,使得普通人可以拥有它,让普通人探索太空成为可能。5.ThemajorgoaloftheSunCubeFemtoSatprojectis . A.toactonteachinginouterspaceB.toprovideaccesstospacecraftdesignC.tohelpcarryoutaclassroomexperimentD.tohelpaverageindividualsexplorespace【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第一段的SmallerthanastandardCubeSat,thelow-coststudent-designedspacecraftisaimedatprovidinggreateraccesstospaceforscientistsandhobbyistsalike.可知,这个项目的目的在于帮助普通人和科学家探索太空。6.WhatisspecialaboutSunCubeFemtoSats?A.Theyareenergy-efficient.B.Theyareofthesamesize.C.Theyaremainlydesignedforlabuse.D.Theyaremainlyusedtocollectinformation.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第三段的Itismadeofoff-the-shelfpartsthatareavailableinshops,andtheenergy-efficientsolarpanelsarecutfromscrap,whichmakesitsaveenergy.可知,这种小卫星可以节省能源。7.WhatdoesThangaexpectofSunCubeFemtoSats?A.They’llbeavailableonline.B.They’llbeprovidedforfree.C.They’llmatchthesizeofCubeSats.\nD.They’llbesentintospacewithCubeSats.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据最后一段的ThangaandhisstaffviewtheFemtoSatasastartingpointforscientistsandstudents,andevenhopethedevicecouldbeboughtonthewebsitelikeAmazononeday.可知,Thanga希望这款卫星可以在网上买到。8.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.FemtoSatsWillRuleSpaceB.YourOwnSatelliteIsComingC.GoingintoSpaceHasBeenAffordableD.YouCanDesignYourOwnSpacecraft【解析】选B。主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容,再结合第一段的Fancyyourownsatellite?可知,本文介绍了一种新的卫星,此种卫星尺寸小,价格便宜,耗费能量低,使得普通人探索太空成为可能。【知识拓展】SunCubeFemtoSat项目 SunCubeFemtoSat项目是亚利桑那州立大学展开的,大学生研发比标准CubeSat更小的低成本迷你卫星。助理教授JekanThanga和学生团队在过去2年已经开发了多款SunCubeFemtoSat迷你卫星,它们是边长3厘米的立方体,重量35克,另外还有较大的迷你卫星,体积3×3×9厘米,重量100克,其中包括存储空间。Ⅱ.完形填空 MyheartstorystartedwhenIwas13yearsold.Myfatherdiedofaheartattackwhileonagolfcourseattheyoungageof45.Heartdisease 1 inmyfamily.Likemyfather,Ihaveastronomicallyhighlipid(脂质)levelsandthegoodnewsisthattodaytherearesome 2 thatcansignificantlyreducemylipidlevelsto 3 normalranges. In2011,whenIwas45andmyownsonwas13,history 4 itself.Whileskatingwithmyson,Ibeganto 5 an“uncomfortablefeeling”.Ididn’tthinkitwasheart-related.Whenwe 6 mywifegavemeaspirinandwedecidedtogotoseemy 7 thenextdaybecausemysymptomshad 8 decreased.Mydoctorsentusstraight 9 thehospitalwhereIhadmyheartexamined.Tests\n 10 thatIhadtroublewithmyheart.Afterninedaysatthehospitalandasurgery,Iwenthomeonmy46thbirthdaywitha 11 life. 12 therewasnoevidenceofanyheartdamageatall.MydoctortoldmethatImusthavebeendoing 13 prettygoodbeforemyheartattackbecausepatientsdidn’tusually 14 thekindofblockageIhad,ortheyencountered 15 damagetotheheart.ItoldthemthatIhadbeen 16 walkingforsevenyearsbeforemyheartattack,walkingupto20milesaweek.Severalpeopleinthemedicalprofessiontoldmethatwalking 17 mylife! ThisOctober,IwillbewalkingattheHeartandStrokeWalkinTacoma.Everystepisa 18 thatlifeisfragileandcanbetakenfromusatanymoment.My 19 toyouisverysimple: 20 someonehasheartdiseaseinyourfamily,thereissomethinghecandoaboutit. 【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者因心脏病发作住院,手术之后很快康复。事实证明,是他平时的走路运动对他身体的康复起着重要作用。1.A.runs B.affectsC.joinsD.gets【解析】选A。下文表明,作者也像父亲那样患有心脏病,因此“在我们家,心脏病是遗传的”,run是不及物动词,表示“传播,延续”。2.A.measuresB.waysC.drugsD.ideas【解析】选C。下文的“significantlyreducemylipidlevels”表明,作者利用药物来降低自己的脂质水平。3.A.aboveB.belowC.nearD.with【解析】选C。使用药物是为了让脂质达到正常的水平,故near“接近”符合语境。4.A.coversB.remainsC.repeatsD.controls【解析】选C。和父亲一样,作者也是在45岁时心脏病发作,因此此处指历史又重演了。repeat“重演,再次发生”,符合语境。5.A.expressB.avoid\nC.expandD.experience【解析】选D。下文作者吃药、看医生表明此处指作者有不舒服的感觉,experience“经历,感受”,符合语境。6.A.setoutB.gotbackC.calmeddownD.gotaway【解析】选B。上文的“Whileskatingwithmyson”表明作者没有在家,故此处指当他回到家时,他的妻子给了他阿司匹林。7.A.sonB.friendC.motherD.doctor【解析】选D。下文的“Mydoctorsentusstraight...”暗示着作者和妻子决定一起去看医生。8.A.hardlyB.considerablyC.completelyD.practically【解析】选B。上文的“thenextday”说明,作者没有马上看医生是因为他的症状大大减轻了。considerably“很,非常,相当大地”,符合语境。9.A.forB.toC.inD.at【解析】选B。句中的“thehospitalwhereIhadmyheartexamined”说明医生直接把我们送到医院,to表示“向,朝,到,往”,符合语境。10.A.exposedB.declaredC.showedD.implied【解析】选C。下文中的“asurgery”表明此处指测试显示作者的心脏有问题。show“说明,表明,显示”,符合语境。11.A.specialB.commonC.newD.colorful【解析】选C。经过住院治疗,作者很幸运地康复了,得到了新的(new)生命。12.A.AmazinglyB.FortunatelyC.NaturallyD.Eventually【解析】选A。令人惊讶的是,“我”的心脏没有任何损伤的痕迹。amazingly“令人惊讶地,惊人地”。\n13.A.somethingB.nothingC.everythingD.anything【解析】选A。下文提到散步,说明作者一直在做对身体有益的事情。14.A.sufferB.abandonC.understandD.survive【解析】选D。作者很快从突发心脏病中康复,和他相比,其他病人则不是那么幸运,没有幸免。survive“幸存,挺过”,符合语境。15.A.significantB.slightC.permanentD.minor【解析】选A。此处指这些病人即使康复之后,也会有明显的心脏损伤。与上文中的“noevidenceofanyheartdamageatall”形成对比。significant“显著的,重大的”,符合语境。16.A.referringtoB.seekingforC.wonderingatD.insistingon【解析】选D。下文中的“walkingforsevenyears...”“walkingupto20milesaweek”说明,作者一直坚持走路。insiston“坚持”,符合语境。17.A.improvedB.savedC.treatedD.enriched【解析】选B。医疗界的人告诉作者是走路挽救了作者的生命。save“挽救”,符合语境。18.A.signB.battleC.dreamD.reminder【解析】选D。作者用运动的方式提醒自己,生命是如此脆弱,随时会被夺走。reminder“提示,提醒物”,符合语境。19.A.planB.messageC.thoughtD.course【解析】选B。作者用自己的经历传达有关健康的信息。20.A.unless B.though C.if D.whether【解析】选C。如果你家里有人得了心脏病,他可以做些什么。if如果,引导状语从句。
