二十一 选修7 Unit2 Fitforlife(限时35分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2021·吉林模拟)Insidethewhite,bacteria-freewallsofanewbuildingonthesouthernoutskirtsofBeijing,twoemployeeswearingmasksandrubberglovesarebusyinjectingaclear,colorlessliquidintorowsofsmallbottles.The215,000squarefeetproductionplantwasbuiltinrecentmonthsspecificallyforproducingaCOVID-19vaccine(疫苗)developedbyChinesepharmaceuticalcompanySinovacBiotech.CoronaVac,thevaccinecandidatefromSinovac,ispartofChina’spushtobeattheforefrontofrolingoutimmunizations(免疫接种)againstthedeadlynovelcoronavirus. TheNasdaq-listedbiotechcompanybegandevelopingitsvaccineinlateJanuary,lessthanaweekafterWuhan—theoriginalepicenterofChina’scoronavirusoutbreak—wentintoastrictlockdown.ByJune,Chinahadlargelycontainedthecoronavirus,dealingwithonlyasmallnumberofoutbreaks.ThosenewlyreportedCOVID-19casesinChinadidn’tmeetthenecessaryconditionsforaPhase3trial,soSinovacreachedanagreementwithBrazil—whichrankssecondintheworldforinfections,withmorethan3.6millionreportedcases.IncooperatingwiththeButantanInstituteinSaoPaulo,aPhase3studywaslaunchedinlateJulyinvolving9,000volunteers,allhealthprofessionalswhohaveworkedwithCOVID-19patientsbuthaven’tbeeninfectedwiththevirus.Thetestsareongoing.ButDimasCovas,presidentoftheButantanInstitute,saidWednesdayprimarydatashowsCoronaVacdevelopedimmunityin97%ofthepeoplevaccinatedaftertwodoses—alevelhesaidwas“fundamentaltobreakthechainoftransmissionofthecoronavirus.”\n【文章大意】本文主要讲的是中国研发新冠肺炎疫苗的事情,介绍了这个项目的过程和到目前为止的进展。1.Fromwhichofthefollowingisthetextprobablytaken?A.Abiologytextbook. B.Anewsreport.C.Abookreview.D.Atravelbrochure.【解析】选B。推理判断题。本文主要讲的是中国研发新冠肺炎疫苗的事情,介绍了这个项目到目前为止的进展。由此可推断出,文章应该是一篇新闻报道。故选B。2.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“rollingout”inParagraph2mean?A.Launching.B.Distributing.C.Guarding.D.Burning.【解析】选A。词义猜测题。根据第二段CoronaVac,thevaccinecandidatefromSinovac,ispartofChina’spushtobeattheforefrontofrollingoutimmunizationsagainstthedeadlynovelcoronavirus可知,来自Sinovac的候选疫苗CoronaVac,是中国推出的对抗这种致命病毒的疫苗。由此可推断出,画线词所在处表达的是“中国在开展免疫接种上走在前列”,“launching”意为“发起,开始从事”,符合语境。故选A。3.WhatisthenecessaryconditionforaPhase3trial?A.China’ssuccessfullockdowninWuhan.B.Asufficientnumberofinfectedpatients.C.Allhealthprofessionalsandvolunteers.D.TheNasdaq-listedbiotechcompany.【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第四段ThosenewlyreportedCOVID-19casesinChinadidn’tmeetthenecessaryconditionsforaPhase3trial,soSinovacreachedanagreementwithBrazil—whichrankssecondintheworldforinfections,withmorethan3.6millionreportedcases.可知,因为中国已经基本控制了新冠病毒,中国新报道的COVID-19病例不符合进行第三阶段实验的必要条件,因此,Sinovac与报道病例超过360万例的全球感染率排名第二的巴西合作。由此可推断出,第三阶段实验的必要条件是足够数量的感染病人。故选B。4.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Forefront:China’spushtodevelopacoronavirusvaccine.B.Lockdown:China’ssuccessfulmovetocontaintheoutbreaks.\nC.Infection:Brazil’srankingsecondtosurprisetheworld.D.Immunity:Brazil’sefforttobreakthechainoftransmission.【解析】选A。主旨大意题。根据文章内容及第二段关键句“CoronaVac,thevaccinecandidatefromSinovac,ispartofChina’spushtobeattheforefrontofrollingoutimmunizationsagainstthedeadlynovelcoronavirus可知,文章主要讲的是中国研发新冠肺炎疫苗的事情,介绍了这个项目的过程和到目前为止的进展。“Forefront:China’spushtodevelopacoronavirusvaccine.前沿:中国推动研发新冠肺炎疫苗。”能够概括文章内容。故选A。【知识拓展】新冠肺炎疫苗实施计划新冠肺炎疫苗实施计划(COVAX)是由全球疫苗免疫联盟、世界卫生组织和流行病预防创新联盟共同提出并牵头进行的项目,拟于2021年底前向全球提供20亿剂新冠肺炎疫苗,供应给“自费经济体”和“受资助经济体”。2020年10月8日,中国同全球疫苗免疫联盟签署协议,正式加入“新冠肺炎疫苗实施计划”。截至10月19日,各国正在研发并登记在册的候选新冠疫苗共有198种,其中44种已进入临床试验阶段;加入“新冠肺炎疫苗实施计划”的国家和地区已达184个。【加固训练】阅读理解(2021·开封模拟)China’shealthandeducationauthoritiesonMondayrequiredthecountry’sschoolstoestablishsystemstoreportHIV/AIDSinfectioncasesinstudents.TheNationalHealthandFamilyPlanningCommissionandtheMinistryofEducationsaidinajointcircularthatinfectionsofthevirusamongyoungstudentssawamarkedriseinrecentyears,asignofproblemsineducationandstudents’awarenessaboutHIV/AIDSprevention.Thetwoauthoritiesrequiredlocalhealthandeducationagenciestoimproveawarenessatschoolsandcalledforestablishmentofaninfectionreportingsystemandregularconsultationmechanismtoanalyzethecauseofinfectionsandformulatecountermeasures.Thecircularalsourgedproperprotectionofinfectedstudents’privacy.\n“StudentsinsecondaryschoolsandoldershouldattendspecialclassesonHIV/AIDSpreventionfocusedonpreventionofunsafebehavioraswellassexualresponsibilityandmorality,”thecircularsaid.Italsopledgedfinancialsupportforvolunteerservices.ThecircularsaidHIV/AIDSvoluntarycounsellingandtestingservicesshouldbeimprovedandschoolsshouldencouragestudentswithriskybehaviortousetheservices.【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了中国卫生和教育部门要求各地学校加强学生艾滋病预防宣传教育,建立完善的防控体系,完善对艾滋病防范的服务。1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“circular”inthesecondparagraphmean?A.Round. B.Notice.C.Advertisements.D.News.【解析】选B。词义猜测题。根据上文TheNationalHealthandFamilyPlanningCommissionandtheMinistryofEducationsaidinajoint与下文infectionsofthevirusamongyoungstudentssawamarkedriseinrecentyears,asignofproblemsineducationandstudents’awarenessaboutHIV/AIDSprevention.可知:近年来,青年学生中的病毒感染明显增加,这是教育和学生对艾滋病病毒/艾滋病的预防意识存在问题的迹象,是对circular的具体阐述,其内容是一份公告和通知,由此可见,circular意思为“通知;公告”,故选B。2.Fromthepassage,wecaninferthat . A.studentshavefullyrealizedthemeaningofHIV/AIDSB.China’shealthandeducationauthoritiespaylittleattentiontoHIV/AIDSissuesinChinesestudentsC.students’awarenessaboutHIV/AIDSshouldbegreatlyimprovedD.HIV/AIDSinfectioncasesinstudentshavedrawnnoconcernamongstudents【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第五段“StudentsinsecondaryschoolsandoldershouldattendspecialclassesonHIV/AIDSpreventionfocusedonpreventionofunsafebehavioraswellassexualresponsibilityandmorality,”thecircularsaid.可知,该通知称,中学及以上年级的学生应参加以预防不安全行为以及性责任和道德为重点的艾滋病病毒/艾滋病预防特别班。由此可见,应加大提高学生对艾滋病病毒/艾滋病的认识,故选C。3.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?\nA.CallforreportsonstudentswithHIV.B.PublicconcernsaboutHIV/AIDSinfection.C.VolunteerservicesforHIV/AIDSinfectioncases.D.ToignoreHIV/AIDSinfectioncasesiswrong.【解析】选C。标题归纳题。根据文章大意可知,本文主要讲述了中国卫生和教育部门要求各地学校加强学生艾滋病预防宣传教育,建立完善的防控体系,完善对艾滋病防范的服务。故选C。【知识拓展】长难句分析Thetwoauthoritiesrequiredlocalhealthandeducationagenciestoimproveawarenessatschoolsandcalledforestablishmentofaninfectionreportingsystemandregularconsultationmechanismtoanalyzethecauseofinfectionsandformulatecountermeasures.分析:这是一个简单句,有两个并列谓语动词required和calledfor。toimproveawarenessatschools是第一个谓语动词之后的目的状语;toanalyzethecauseofinfectionsandformulatecountermeasures是第二个谓语动词后的目的状语。翻译:这两个部门要求当地的卫生和教育部门提高在校意识,要求建立感染报告机制以及定期咨询机制来分析感染原因、制定对策。B(2021·济南模拟)Shinrin-yokumeans“forestbathing”.Forestbathingdoesn’tmeanyoutakeabathintheforest;rather,yousimplygoforawalkinthewoodsoracitypark,whereyouslackenbyusingallyoursensestoexperiencenature.YoshifumiMiyazaki,fromChibaUniversity,isamongagrowingnumberofscientistswhohavebegunstudyingthesciencebehindtheeffectsofnatureonhumanhealth.InhisbookShinrin-yoku:TheJapaneseArtofForestBathing,Miyazakiexplainsthetechniquesofforestbathing.Miyazakihasaninterestingtheoryaboutwhyshinrin-yokuissoeffective.Hepointsoutthatformorethan99%ofthetime,humanshavelivedinanaturalenvironment.Infact,in1800,only3%oftheworld’spopulationlivedincities,\nandby2016,thisfigurereached54%.Thisisonlygoingtogetworse;officialspredictthatby2050,66%willliveincities.Thissuggestsweliveinourmodernsocietywithbodiesthatarestillusedtothenaturalenvironment,hewritesinthebook,because“genescannotchangeoverjustafewhundredyears”.Thesciencebehindtheresearchstudieshepresentsinthebookmakesaconvincingcasethatforestbathingisaneffectivemethodforreducingstressintoday’sworld.Nowcityplannersarebecomingincreasinglyawareoftheimportanceofnatureandarecreatingnewkindsof“parks”outofemptyspaces.There’realsomorecitygardenswherepeoplecangrowvegetables.Forkids,kitchengardensinschoolsarebecomingpopular.AsMiyazakistresses,youdon’thavetofindaformalparkorgardentopracticeshinrin-yoku.Instead,youcanenjoytheeffectsofnaturewhereverthere’replants.Betteryet,hesays,wecanbringnatureclosertowherewespendmostofourtime.Miyazaki’sresearchhasshownthatjustincreasingtheamountofplantsinaroomcanaffecttherelaxationbenefitsoftheroom.What’smore,evenwhenpeoplesimplylookatflowers,theirbodiesrelaxandstresslevelsdecrease.【文章大意】本文介绍了日本千叶大学的一位科学家提出一种名为Shinrin-yoku的“森林浴”活动,这表明增加与自然的接触对人的身心健康是有利的。5.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordinParagraph1mean?A.Behave.B.Entertain.C.Anticipate.D.Relax.【解析】选D。词义猜测题。从森林浴的形式以及下文它带来的对健康的好处来看,通过在自然环境中散步、用一切感官感受自然应该会让人放松下来。6.Howdoestheauthormainlydevelopthethirdparagraph?A.Bygivingexamples.B.Bylistingfigures.C.Bymakingremarks.D.Bypresentingresearchfindings.\n【解析】选B。推理判断题。第三段中为了说明城市人口占比的变化情况,列举了1800年、2016年及预测的2050年的百分比数值,使用的是列数字的说明方法。7.WhydoesforestbathingworkeffectivelyaccordingtoMiyazaki?A.Humangenescanchangeeasily.B.Natureispartofthemodernsociety.C.Humanbodycanintegrateintonature.D.Peoplecanalwaysgetexcitedinnature.【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第三、第四段的描述“在这位科学家看来,近百年来人类的居住环境迅速变化,但基因中对于自然的适应性是不可能同步变化的,而森林浴这种形式对身心健康有益,正是因为人类的身体还适于生活在自然环境中。”可知C选项“人体能融入到自然之中”符合文意。8.WhichofthefollowingwillMiyazakiagreeonforestbathing?A.Itiseasytooperate.B.Itismeantforgardeners.C.Itisunaffordableinthecity.D.Itisinconvenienttopractice.【解析】选A。推理判断题。从最后一段可知,森林浴这一形式并不难做到,只要在房间里增加些植物就能奏效,甚至当人们看到花朵时压力都会下降。A选项“这操作起来很容易”符合文意。Ⅱ.阅读填句(2021·广州模拟)Whathappenswhenyouwanttogofromoneplacetoanother,butthere’swaterintheway?That’stheproblempeoplefacedforhundredsofyearsintheareathatisnowNewYorkCity.Inthecity,thereisanaturalcanal(运河)calledtheNarrows,separatingBrooklynononesidefromStatenIslandontheother.ButtheNarrowsisn’treallysonarrow.Thewaterisalmostamilewide,andit’smorethan100feetdeep. 1 Whentheywantedtotalktoeachother,theyclimbedintotheirboatsandsailedacross. \nBythelate1800s,circumstanceshadchangeddramatically.PopulationgrowthmeanttherewerenowmanypeopleneedingtotravelbetweenStatenIslandandBrooklynforwork. 2 Between1888and1920thereweretwomajoreffortstobuildatraintunneltoconnecttheareas. 3 Proposalstobuildaconnectingbridgemadeduringthe1910salsoendedinfailureduetooppositionfromtheUSNavy. Finally,afterWorldWarⅡ,thereweresomanypeoplelivinginNewYorkCitythatleadersdecidedBrooklynandStatenIslandneededadirectconnection.Sincetunnelsweretooexpensive,theyhaddecidedtobuildabridge.Thedesignselectedhadtwoseparateroadwaysstacked(叠放)ontopofeachother. 4 Construction,whichtookfiveyears,wascompletedin1964andcost$320million.Todayabout190,000carsandtruckscrossthebridgeeveryday. 5 ButinthecaseoftheNarrows,figuringoutagoodsolutiontookhundredsofyears. A.Sometimesgettingfromoneplacetoanotherisveryeasy.B.Bothwerequicklyabandonedhoweverduetothehighcostsinvolved.C.Neitherroadwaslargeenoughtosatisfytheexistingtransportdemands.D.Itwasanticipatedthatthenewtrainsystemwouldhelptheareasgrowevenfaster.E.Takingaboateverytimewasveryslow,expensiveand,inbadweather,unreliable.F.Bothwouldhangintheairfromthicksteelcables,supportedbytwogiantsteeltowers.G.Foralongtimethatwasn’taproblem,becauseonlyafewpeoplelivedinBrooklynandStatenIsland.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了纽约市TheNarrows两岸的交通问题的解决。1.【解析】选G。根据空前一句和空后一句可推知,G项“很长时间以来那不是一个问题,因为只有少数人住在Brooklyn和StatenIsland”符合语境。2.【解析】选E。空前一句是说人口增长意味着有许多人为了工作奔波于两地之间,根据空处下文可知,人们想要建造一个火车隧道来连接两地。由此可推知,空处应是说乘船往返于两地的缺点。\n3.【解析】选B。根据空前一句和空后一句可知,空处应该是讲两次努力都没有成功。4.【解析】选F。根据空前一句中的twoseparateroadways可知,F项中的“Both”与之呼应,且F项的句意与语境相符。5.【解析】选A。根据空后的转折句可知,空处的句子应与此句形成逻辑上的转折关系,所以A项“有时从一个地方到另一个地方是很容易的”符合语境。Ⅲ.书面表达 假如你是中学生李华,最近收到英国笔友Jack的来信,在信中Jack因超重向你征求建议。请你根据下列要点给他写一封回信:1.超重原因:缺乏锻炼;不健康的生活方式。2.建议:①经常锻炼;②保持均衡的饮食;③远离一些坏习惯,例如吃含有太多脂肪和糖的食物,熬夜。注意:1.词数100左右;2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【参考范文】DearJack,Thanksforyourtrust.Inyourletteryoutellmethatyouareoverweight,butdon’tknowwhattodo.Inmyopinion,youbecomeoverweightandunhealthy,andthatisbecauseyoulackexerciseandhaveanunhealthylifestyle.Tobeginwith,itisimportanttotakeregularexercise,whichhelpsyoukeepfit.Youshouldhaveabalanceddietconsistingoffruitandvegetables.Inaddition,\nitisalsoagoodideatokeepawayfromsomebadhabits,suchaseatingfoodwithtoomuchfatandsugarandstayinguplate.Inconclusion,keepabalanceddietandtakeregularexercise,andyouwillbehealthy.Ihopemysuggestionsareofsomeusetoyou.Yours,LiHua
