二十三 选修7 Unit4 Publictransport(限时35分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解(2021·合肥模拟)Everytimewegetonaplane,we’reaskedtoeitherturnoffourphonesorchangethemtoflightmode—it’sfor“securityreasons”.ButaccordingtoTheConversationwebsite,havingtoturnourphonesoffonaplaneis“aserviceissue,notasafetyone”.Whenwespeakonourphonesintheair,theycancauseinterferencetotheaircraft’sradiosandpilotscanhearthisinterferenceintheirheadphones.“It’sthesamenoiseyou’llbefamiliarwith,ifyouputyourmobiletooclosetoaspeaker,”theMirrornoted.“Itisnotsafety-critical,butisannoyingforsure.”Thoughspeakingonaphoneduringaflightisn’tdangerous,fromtheviewpointofservice,itisn’tstillagoodidea.Whenwemakeorreceiveacallontheground,weconnecttoacelltowerthatdealswithallcallswithinan80-kilometerradius(半径).Aswemovefromplacetoplaceweare“handedon”todifferentcelltowers.AsUSscientistSvenBilenexplains,forthissystemtowork,thereare“built-in”expectations:Thereshouldn’tbetoomany“handoffs”andpeopleshouldn’tbetravelingfasterthancarspeeds.“Ofcourse,phoneusersshouldbeclosetotheground.”headded.Ifweweretomakephonecallswhileweflew,however,noneoftheseexpectationswouldbemet.Andevenworse,ourcellphoneswouldstopworking.Butnowthingsarebeginningtochange.Ifwestillcan’tspeakduringaflight,wecanuseotherphonefunctions.Forexample,AirbusA330ofEmiratesAirlineshasinflightWiFitomakepassengerssendandreceiveshortmessagesintheair.Inthefuture,asBilenpointsout,itmaybepossibleforairtravelerstomakeandreceivecallsfreely.Thebreakthroughcouldbe“picocells”,whicharesmallcelltowersontheplaneitself.Therewouldnolongerbeconnectionsmadebetweenphonesandthegroundandthereforetherewouldbenodangerofdisruptiontophoneservice.\nOneday,perhaps,wewillbechattingintheairasmuchaswechatontheground.【文章大意】本文主要介绍了在飞机上需要关闭手机的原因以及未来对可以在飞机上拨打或接听电话的期望。1.Whyarepassengersrequiredtoturnofftheirphonesonaplane?A.Becauseusingphoneswillposeathreattotheirsafety.B.Becauseusingphonesmaycauseannoyingnoisetopilots.C.Becauseturningoffphonescanensurepassengersabetterservice.D.Becausephoneswillfailtobeconnectedtothecelltowerwhenintheair.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第一段Whenwespeakonourphonesintheair,theycancauseinterferencetotheaircraft’sradiosandpilotscanhearthisinterferenceintheirheadphones.可知,乘客在飞机上必须关闭手机的原因是使用电话可能会给飞行员带来烦人的噪音。故选B。2.Howmany“built-in”expectationsarementionedbySvenBilentohelpmakeaphonecall?A.One. B.Two. C.Three. D.Four.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第二段AsUSscientistSvenBilenexplains,forthissystemtowork,thereare“built-in”expectations:Thereshouldn’tbetoomany“handoffs”andpeopleshouldn’tbetravelingfasterthancarspeeds.“Ofcourse,phoneusersshouldbeclosetotheground.”headded.可知,一共有三个内置期望被提到来帮助打电话。一、信号转移的次数不应太多。二、人们移动的速度不应太快。三、使用手机时应常靠近地面。故选C。3.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Peopleshouldtravelslowerthanairplanespeedstomakeaphonecallsuccessfully.B.Passengersarelikelytomakeorreceivephonecallsfreelyonaplaneinthefuture.C.“Picocells”havebeenappliedbyairlinestoprovidepassengerswithgoodphoneservice.D.PassengerscanreceivecallsonAirbusA330ofEmiratesAirlineswiththehelpofinflightWiFi.\n【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据倒数第二段itmaybepossibleforairtravelerstomakeandreceivecallsfreely可知,航空旅客可以自由地拨打和接收电话。故选B。4.Whereisthetextmostlikelyfrom?A.Asciencefiction.B.Atraveljournal.C.Aguidebook.D.Amagazine.【解析】选D。推理判断题。分析可知,文章主要讲了在飞机上需要关闭手机的原因以及未来对可以在飞机上拨打或接听电话的期望。所以应该来自一本杂志符合题意。故选D。【知识拓展】长难句分析Whenwespeakonourphonesintheair,theycancauseinterferencetotheaircraft’sradiosandpilotscanhearthisinterferenceintheirheadphones.分析:该句是复合句。when引导时间状语从句,主句是and连接的并列句。译文:当我们在空中用手机通话时,它们会对飞机的无线电设备造成干扰,飞行员可以在耳机中听到这种干扰。Ⅱ.完形填空(2021·郑州模拟) Sportsarefun,andchildrenkeephealthywhileplayingwithothers.However,sometimesplayingsportscanhave 1 effectsonchildren.Itmayproducefeelingsof 2 self-respectoraggressivebehaviorinsomechildren.Manychildrensaytheyhavebeen 3 atorcallednameswhileplayingsports.Thisleavesmanychildrenwithabad 4 ofsports.Theythinksportsarejusttoo 5 . Manyresearchersbelieveadultsarethe 6 causeoftoomuchaggressioninchildren’ssportsandtheyaretoblame.Theybelievechildrenwatchtheaggressiveadultbehaviorand 7 it.Thisbehavioristhenfurther 8 fromonechildtoanother.Parentsandcoachesarepowerfulteachersbecausechildren 9 lookuptothem.Oftentheseadults 10 aggressivelythemselves,sendingchildrenthemessagethat 11 iseverything.Manyparentsgotochildren’ssportingeventsandshoutinsultsatotherplayersorcheerwhentheirchildbehaves 12 .What’sworse,childrenarealsotaughtthathurtingotherplayersis 13 orarepushedtocontinueplayingevenwhentheyareinjured.Inaddition,childrenwatchadultsportsgamesandseeviolentbehaviorreplayedoverandoverontelevision. \n 14 itcomestohowtosolvethisproblem,parentsandcoachesinparticularshouldactasbetter 15 tochildren.Theyalsoneedtoteachchildrenbetter 16 oflife.Theyshouldnotjust 17 whenchildrenwinoractaggressively.Besides,childrenshouldnotbeallowedtocontinuetoplaywhentheyare 18 .Ifadults 19 childrentoplaywheninjured,thisgivesthemessagethat 20 isnotasimportantaswinning. 【文章大意】本文介绍了青少年在运动中攻击性行为的现象、成因以及解决方法。1.A.native B.negativeC.activeD.instructive【解析】选B。由keephealthy及However表示的转折关系可知,此处讲的是运动的负面影响,故选B。2.A.poor B.high C.special D.unusual【解析】选A。运动有可能会让一些孩子的自尊心下降,并且带来攻击性的行为,故A是最佳答案。3.A.knockedB.glancedC.smiledD.shouted【解析】选D。在运动的过程中,他们声称自己曾被辱骂过或是被吆喝过。callednames和shoutedat在此处是近义词,故选D。4.A.impressionB.conclusionC.tasteD.expectation【解析】选A。正因为这样,运动给许多儿童留下了不良的印象(impression),故选A。5.A.curiousB.violentC.passiveD.pleasant【解析】选B。据前文提到的aggressive(有攻击性的)一词可知,孩子们认为运动太暴力(violent)了,故选B。6.A.commonB.mainC.indirectD.different【解析】选B。由第二段后面的内容可知,教练和家长对小孩在运动中的暴力行为负主要责任,也就是他们是小孩攻击性行为的主要原因(maincause),故选B。7.A.questionB.understandC.copyD.ignore\n【解析】选C。研究人员认为儿童看了他们父母的攻击性行为,然后就开始模仿(copy),因此答案选C。8.A.provedB.recoveredC.spreadD.benefited【解析】选C。这种攻击性行为在儿童之间又进一步传播/扩散(spread),故选C。9.A.hardlyB.seldomC.neverD.usually【解析】选D。由powerful可知,父母和教练对小孩的影响很大,因为孩子们通常(usually)很尊敬他们。10.A.behaveB.communicateC.argueD.blame【解析】选A。结合上文aggressiveadultbehavior,可知有时父母的行为举止(behave)也带有攻击性,故A是最佳选项。11.A.winningB.practicingC.enjoymentD.sport【解析】选A。据下文提到的小孩受伤了,父母还是允许他们继续比赛可知,他们给孩子传达一个信息:胜利(winning)至上,因此答案选A。12.A.proudlyB.gentlyC.aggressivelyD.bravely【解析】选C。由parents...shoutinsults可知,当小孩在运动中攻击(behavesaggressively)别人的时候,他们的父母也会欢呼喝彩。13.A.acceptableB.capableC.possibleD.enjoyable【解析】选A。由even表示递进关系可知,父母甚至教导他们的小孩,侮辱其他选手也是可以接受的(acceptable),因此选A。14.A.WhileB.WhereC.HowD.When【解析】选D。本句考查固定句型Whenitcomestosth./doingsth.当涉及(做)某事。15.A.guidesB.examplesC.rolesD.partners【解析】选B。谈到如何预防儿童在运动中发生暴力行为,家长和教练应该为小孩树立好榜样(examples)。\n16.A.methodsB.standardsC.valuesD.directions【解析】选C。同时他们也应该教会儿童什么才是人生更好的价值观(values)。17.A.comfortB.cheerC.scoldD.celebrate【解析】选B。答案由第二段中的cheerwhentheirchildbehaves 可得知。 18.A.lostB.tiredC.hatedD.injured【解析】选D。第二段提到...arepushedtocontinueplayingevenwhentheyareinjured,因此此处应该是讲当小孩受伤(injured)时,不应该让他们继续比赛。同时,下一句Ifadults childrentoplaywheninjured也揭示了答案。 19.A.forceB.orderC.forbidD.permit【解析】选D。句意:假如家长允许(permit)小孩在受伤的情况下还坚持参加运动,这就透露出一条信息:比起健康(health),赢得比赛更重要。20.A.performanceB.trainingC.healthD.spirit【解析】选C。答案由上一题的解析可知。injured和身体的健康(health)有关,因此C是最佳选项。Ⅲ.短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。Lastyear,whenIwastryingdecidewhethertostudyoverseas,Italkedtomyfriend.ThiswasoneofthebetterthingsIcouldhavedone.ThiswasabigdecisionformebecauseIhadeverbeenoverseasonmyownandIwasnotsurethatIcoulddoit.Shehasstudiedoverseasthepreviousyear.ShetoldaboutthechallengesandopportunitiesImightcomeacrossbuthelpedmemaketherightdecision.Iwentand\nitwasamazed.WheneverIfacewithanimportantdecision,Iseeksomeadvicesfromothers.Inthisway,Iamwell-informedandhavethebenefitofhisideasandexperiences.【文章大意】本文为一篇议论文。文章介绍了每当做一个决定时,向别人寻求一些建议是一个好方法。1.【解析】第一句trying后添加to。考查固定搭配。句意:去年,当我试图决定是否出国留学时,我和我的朋友谈过。trytodosth.为固定搭配,意为“试图做某事”。故trying后添加to。2.【解析】第二句better→best。考查最高级。句意:这是我能做的最好的事情之一。分析句子可知,oneof后可跟最高级,及结合最高级前需用定冠词the,此处应该用最高级形式。故better改为best。3.【解析】第三句ever→never。考查副词。句意:这对我来说是一个重大的决定,因为我从没独自出过国,我不确定我能不能做到。结合前文去年,当我试图决定是否出国留学时,我和我的朋友谈过。可知,我应该是从没独自出国过,才需要咨询我的朋友。故ever改为never。4.【解析】第三句that→if/whether。考查宾语从句。句意:这对我来说是一个重大的决定,因为我从没独自出过国,我不确定我能不能做到。分析句子可知,此处为宾语从句,结合前文可知我从没独自出过国,不知道能否做到,if/whether在宾语从句中作连接词,表示“是否”,符合此处语境。故that改为if/whether。5.【解析】第四句has→had。考查时态。句意:她之前在国外学习过。分析句子可知,她在国外学习发生在过去,且已经完成,用过去完成时,过去完成时助动词为had。故has改为had。6.【解析】第五句but→and。考查连词。句意:她讲述了我可能遇到的挑战和机遇,帮我做出了正确的决定。前半句ShetoldaboutthechallengesandopportunitiesImightcomeacross她讲述了我可能遇到的挑战和机遇,后半句helpedmemaketherightdecision帮我做出了正确的决定,前后文无明显的转折含义,为顺承关系,and作连词,表示顺承,并列。故but改为and。7.【解析】第六句amazed→amazing。考查形容词。句意:我去了,十分令人惊讶。分析句子可知,修饰主语it,用形容词amazing,意为“令人惊讶的”。故amazed改为amazing。8.【解析】第七句去掉with。考查介词。句意:每当我面对一个重要的决定时,我都会向别人寻求一些建议。分析句子可知,face意为“面对……”,是及物动词,此处描述我面对重要的决定时,不用介词。故去掉with。\n9.【解析】第七句advices→advice。考查不可数名词。句意:每当我面对一个重要的决定时,我都会向别人寻求一些建议。分析句子可知,advice为不可数名词,没有复数形式。故advices改为advice。10.【解析】第八句his→their。考查人称代词。句意:通过这种方式,我学到了很多东西,并且受益于他们的想法和经历。分析句子可知,当我做决定时,会咨询我的朋友们,能从他们那里受益,因此用形容词性物主代词的第三人称复数形式their。故his改为their。Ⅳ.语法填空 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chinesehigh-speedrailwaysareavery1. (comfort)waytotravel.Theyareclean,quietandefficient.Chinahasledotherdevelopingcountriesandevensomedevelopedonesinthisfieldsincethefirsthigh-speedtrain2. (come)intousein2008. Thestationsare3. (main)builtoutsidethetowncenter,butlocaltransporthasbeenlengthened4. (connect)thehigh-speednetwork.Thefacilitiesonthetrainarenewandthestaffarewelltrained.Eventhesecondclass5. (chair)provideplentyofspace.Thepassagesaresowide6. youcanmovewithoutdisturbinganyone.Youcanuseyourmobilephone,access7. Internetorworkonyourlaptop.Thereisalsoarestaurantcar,thoughthekindsoffood8. (be)limited.Thetoiletsarelarge,cleananduser-friendlytoo.Thetrainalmostdoesn’trock.Evenwhenthetrainbrakes,youcanhardlyfeelitshake. What’smore,withafastercheck-in,thehigh-speedtrainsarealso9. (little)affectedbyweatherthanplanes.Seldomare10. delayedorcanceledforweathercondition.Therefore,theyhavebecomethefirstchoiceformanypassengers. 【文章大意】本文属于说明文,介绍了中国高铁在世界上处于领先地位,同时也介绍了其优势之处。1.【解析】comfortable。考查形容词。修饰名词way用形容词,故填comfortable。2.【解析】came。考查动词时态和语态。本句陈述过去的事情,故用一般过去时,故填came。\n3.【解析】mainly。考查副词。修饰动词built用副词,故填mainly。4.【解析】toconnect。考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,此处需用动词不定式作目的状语,故填toconnect。5.【解析】chairs。考查名词复数。分析句子可知,本句缺乏主语,chair为可数名词,故用其复数形式chairs。6.【解析】that。考查状语从句。本句为固定结构so...that,意为:如此……以至于……,故填that。7.【解析】to。考查固定短语介词。本句为短语accesstosth.意为得以使用某物,故填to。8.【解析】are。考查主谓一致。分析句子可知,本文陈述一般事实,需用一般现在时,本句主语为kinds,谓语动词需用复数形式,故填are。9.【解析】less。考查比较级。根据后面的than可知,本句为比较级结构,需用比较级形式,故填less。10.【解析】they。考查代词。分析句子可知,本句缺乏主语。根据前文可知,本段描述高铁的优势之处,故用they。
