二十五 选修8 Unit2 Theuniversallanguage(限时35分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2021·昆明模拟)Forcenturies,peoplehavetriedtoinventaperfectuniversalwrittenlanguageandChinesehasactuallybeenconsideredbefore.FrancisBaconusedtoassumethatalanguagelikeChineseanditswritingsystemwouldhavequalified.Chinesedoesn’tuseanalphabetbasedonsounds,butsymbolsindicatingmeaning.Chinesecharacterhasitsspecialrelationshipbetweenthesignandwhatitsymbolizes.EachcharacterrepresentsawordoraconceptandyoupilethemuptogetherlikeLegobricks,children’splasticbuildingtoys,tobuildmorewords.Someofthemalsolooklikewhattheyrepresent.Forexample,amountainmaylookjustlikeamountainwithapeakinthemiddle.Andfireresemblessomeblazing(燃烧的)logs.Whenyouputthemtogetherandyougetvolcano.Isn’tthatamazing?Whilesomeofthemlooklikewhattheyrepresent,mostofthemreallydon’t.Infact,someofthemareincrediblycomplicated.Forinstance,“Biang”isthenameofakindofnoodle,whichhas57strokes(笔画).Itisveryhardforpeopletopronounceorrecognizethischaracter,letalonewritingitoutcorrectly.Chineseissocomplicatedthatsincethe1950s,asimplifiedsystemofcharactershasbeenusedinmainlandChina.Butthereisaproblem.Chinesecharactersoftenrepresentwholeworks,andtherearealotofthem.IntheChinesedictionarytherearearoundsixtyfourthousandcharacters.SoChinesecharactersmightnotbecomeauniversalwritingsystemsoon.Thetroubleisnotjustinventingone,butgettingpeopletouseit.Itwouldn’tbeeasyforthewholeworldtoagreeonthesamesetofmeanings.Afterall,languageneedsaculturalcontext.Youcannotreallyjustuseauniversallanguageasyoulike.【文章大意】本文属于议论文。讨论中文是否适合成为世界通用语的问题。\n1.WhatcanwelearnfromFrancisBacon?A.HebelievedthatChinesewritingsystemwasperfect.B.Hemanagedtoinventauniversalwrittenlanguage.C.HerecommendedChinesetousealphabetsbasedonsounds.D.HethoughtwrittenChineselanguagecouldbeusedglobally.【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第一段FrancisBaconusedtoassumethatalanguagelikeChineseanditswritingsystemwouldhavequalified.可推测出FrancisBacon过去假定中文可以符合作全世界通用语的标准。故选D。2.HowdoestheauthorexplainthecharacteristicofChinesecharacter?A.Byanalyzingstructuresoftoys.B.Bycomparingconcepts.C.Bygivingexamples.D.Bycollectingdata.【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第二段Forexample,amountainmaylookjustlikeamountainwithapeakinthemiddle.Andfireresemblessomeblazinglogs.Whenyouputthemtogetherandyougetvolcano.可知,作者用山和火举例子来介绍中国汉字的特点。故选C。3.WhydoChinesepeopleuseasimplifiedsystemofChinesecharacters?A.ItishardtopronounceChinesecharacters.B.ItisdifficulttorecognizeorwriteChinesecharacters.C.ItisfashionabletousesimplifiedChinesecharacters.D.ItiscomplicatedtolookupChinesecharactersinthedictionaries.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第三段Itisveryhardforpeopletopronounceorrecognizethischaracter,letalonewritingitoutcorrectly.”可知,由于中国汉字难识别和难写的原因,中国人开始使用简化版的汉字系统。故选B。4.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.HowtowritesimplifiedChinesecharacters.B.Whypeopleneedauniversalwrittenlanguage.C.Chineseisaperfectuniversalwrittenlanguage.D.WhetherChineseissuitabletobeaworldlanguage.\n【解析】选D。主旨大意题。通读全文可知,文章讨论中文是否适合作世界通用语的问题。故选D。【知识拓展】佳词积累1.basedon 以……为基础2.pileup堆积,堆放3.looklike看起来像4.letalone更不用说5.agreeon同意;达成共识;达成一致B(2021·济南模拟)VijayGuptaisknowntoclassicalmusicloversacrosstheUnitedStates.HeservesasfirstviolinistfortheLosAngelesPhilharmonic.Inthatjob,heoftenplaystolargecrowds,includingmanyveryrichpeople.Whenheisnotperforming,heorganizesconcertsforhomelesspeople.“TheyhaveremindedmewhyIbecameamusician,”hesaid.Lastweek,GuptawasrecognizedforbeingafounderandtheartisticdirectorofStreetSymphony.Thegrouphasperformedathomelessshelters,jailsandhalfwayhousesforabouteightyears.Guptaisamongthe25winnersofthe2018MacArthurFellowship,commonlyknownasthe“geniusgrant”.Eachwinnerwillreceive$625,000overfiveyearstouseastheywish.Themoneyiscomingfromaprivategroup,theJohnD.andKatherineT.MacArthurFoundation.Itawardsgrants(补助金)topeoplewhoseworkitconsidersexceptionalandthat“inspireshopeinusall”.GuptasaidhegottheideaforStreetSymphonywhileteachingNathanielAyers,atrainedmusicianwhosementalillnessledtohomelessness.The31-year-oldgrantwinnersaidhedoesnotknowyethowhewillspendthemoney.Hehasbeenaperformersinceagesevenandtheawardwillgivehim“spacetobreathe,planandlookahead”.AnotherwinnerisRebeccaSandefur,anassociateprofessorofsociologyandlawintheUniversityofIllinois.TheAssociatedPresssaysherresearchactivelysupportsnewwaystoinvolvepoorcommunitiesintheU.S.justicesystem.\n47-year-oldSandefurcreatedthefirstnationalmappingofcivillegalaidproviders.Itshowswhichstateshadthefinancialresourcestoprovidesuchaidandwhichdidnot.Shealsofoundthatthecostoflegalservicesisonlyoneofthethingspreventingpoorpeoplefromgettinglawyers.Amongtheothersarefearsaboutunfairnessinthelegalsystem.Sandefurnotedthatalotofattentionhasbeenpaidtoproblemswiththecriminaljusticesystem,butmoreattentionmustbepaidtothecivilsideofthelaw,whichalsoaffectsmillionsofpeople.【文章大意】本文主要讲述了美国两位麦克阿瑟奖学金的获奖者Gupta和Sandefur分别通过为流浪者演奏音乐和为穷人争取法律援助而激励穷人的故事。5.WhydidGuptawintheaward?A.Forhisachievementsinclassicalmusic.B.Forperformingforlargecrowds.C.Fororganizingagroupplayingforthehomeless.D.ForthefriendshipwithNathanielAyers.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第二段Thegrouphasperformedathomelessshelters,jailsandhalfwayhousesforabouteightyears.可知,Gupta获得该奖是因为他组织的街道交响乐团为流浪者演奏音乐。6.WhatdoweknowaboutMacArthurFellowship?A.Itisfoundedbythegovernment.B.Itoffers$625,000to25winnersin2018.C.Itallowsthewinnerstousethemoneyfreely.D.Itawardspeoplewhomakegreatcontributionstosociety.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第二段Eachwinnerwillreceive$625,000overfiveyearstouseastheywish.可知,获奖者将在五年内获得625,000美元的奖金,供其随意使用。7.WhatwastheextraordinarythingthatSandefurdid?A.Shemadeiteasiertogetlegalhelpforthepoor.B.Shemadethelegalsystemfairer.C.Shepaidmoreattentiontothecriminaljusticesystem.D.Sheofferedlegalaidstothepoorfreely.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段TheAssociatedPresssaysherresearch\nactivelysupportsnewwaystoinvolvepoorcommunitiesintheU.S.justicesystem.可知,美联社称,Sandefur的研究为贫困地区参与美国司法系统提供了新途径,由此可知,Sandefur使穷人更容易获得法律援助。故选A。8.Whichcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Grantswinners,inspiringthepoorB.Thecityhomeless,inneedofhelpC.VijayGupta,anextraordinaryviolinistD.MacArthurFoundation,awardingexceptionalwork【解析】选A。主旨大意题。通读全文可知,本文主要讲述了美国两位麦克阿瑟奖学金的获奖者Gupta和Sandefur分别通过为流浪者演奏音乐和为穷人争取法律援助而激励穷人的故事。【知识拓展】背景链接MacArthurFellowship 麦克阿瑟奖(MacArthurFellowsProgramorMacArthurFellowship,俗称“天才奖”)被视为美国跨领域最高奖项之一。 该奖创立于1981年,为纪念银行生命灾难公司的创始人约翰·D·麦克阿瑟而命名,由麦克阿瑟基金会(JohnD.andCatherineT.MacArthurFoundation)设立,基金会总部设在芝加哥,奖金颁发给在各个领域内具有非凡创造性的杰出人士,获奖者一般被看作本专业内领军人物。奖金额50万美元,且没有附加条件,获奖者可自由支配。麦克阿瑟天才奖旨在表彰在社会发展中发挥重要作用的创造性人才,每年评选各领域20名至25名杰出人士,并在5年中给每人提供总额50万美元的奖金,让他们能更自由地继续探索。Ⅱ.阅读填句(2021·成都模拟)MuzakThenexttimeyougointoabank,astore,orasupermarket,stopandlisten.Whatdoyouhear? 1 It’ssimilartothemusicyoulistento,butit’snotexactlythesame.That’sbecausethismusicwasespeciallydesignedtorelaxyou,ortogiveyouextraenergy.Sometimesyoudon’tevenrealizethemusicisplaying,butyoureacttothemusicanyway. Quietbackgroundmusicusedtobecalled“elevator(电梯)music”becauseweoftenhearditinelevators.Butlatelywehearitinmoreandmoreplaces,andit\nhasanewname“Muzak”.Aboutone-thirdofthepeopleinAmericalistento“Muzak”everyday.Themusicplaysfor15minutesatatime,withshortpausesinbetween.Itisalwaysmorelivelybetweentenandeleveninthemorning,andbetweenthreeandfourintheafternoon,whenpeoplearemoretired. 2 . IfyoulistentoMuzakcarefully,youwillprobablyrecognizethenamesofmanyofthesongs.Somemusiciansorsongwritersdon’twanttheirsongstobeusedasMuzak,butothersarehappywhentheirsongsarechosen.Why? 3 . Musicisoftenplayedinpublicplacesbecauseitisdesignedtomakepeoplefeellesslonelywhentheyareinanairportorahotel.IthasbeenproventhatMuzakdoeswhatitisdesignedtodo.TiredofficeworkerssuddenlyhavemoreenergywhentheyhearthepleasantsoundofMuzakinthebackground. 4 .Supermarketshoppersbuy38percentmoregroceries. 5 .Theysayit’sboringtohearthesamesongsallthetime.ButotherpeopleenjoyhearingMuzakinpublicplaces.Theysayithelpsthemrelaxandfeelcalm.Onewayoranother,Muzakaffectseveryone.SomefarmersevensaytheircowsgivemoremilkwhentheyhearMuzak! A.Somepeopledon’tlikeMuzak.B.Themusicgivesthemextraenergy.C.Musicisplayinginthebackground.D.Factoryworkersproduce13percentmore.E.Muzaktendstohelppeopleunderstandmusicbetter.F.Theygetasmuchas$4millionayeariftheirsongsareused.G.Muzakisplayedinmostofthebigsupermarketsintheworld.【文章大意】本文主要介绍了缪扎克音乐受到越来越多美国人的欢迎,但有些人认为缪扎克音乐很无聊,但不管怎样缪扎克音乐影响着每个人。1.【解析】选C。根据下文It’ssimilartothemusicyoulistento,butit’snotexactlythesame.可知,此处听到的是音乐。故选C。2.【解析】选B。根据上文Itisalwaysmorelivelybetweentenandeleveninthemorning,andbetweenthreeandfourintheafternoon,whenpeoplearemoretired.可知,人们比较累的时候,这种音乐可以给人们额外的力量,就可以起作用了。故选B。\n3.【解析】选F。根据上文Why可知,此处应是对上句的回答。F选项“如果他们的歌被使用,他们每年可以得到400万美元”切题。故选F。4.【解析】选D。根据下文Supermarketshoppersbuy38percentmoregroceries.可知,此处与下文为并列关系,说明这种音乐的益处。故选D。5.【解析】选A。根据下文Theysayit’sboringtohearthesamesongsallthetime.可知,有些人不喜欢缪扎克音乐。故选A。Ⅲ.书面表达(2021·合肥模拟)假如你是李华,你的美国朋友Jenny来信说她想在暑假期间来中国学习汉语并对中国戏剧也感兴趣。请你用英语给她回信,提供一些建议。内容包括:1.参加汉语学习班等;2.观看京剧专场演出;3.你对她中国之行的愿望。注意:1.词数100左右;2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【参考范文】DearJenny,HearingthatyouarecomingtoChinaforlearningChineselanguagethissummervacationandyouareinterestedinBeijingopera,I’dliketooffersomesuggestionstoyou.Firstly,you’dbetterapplyforaChineselanguagetrainingclasswhereyouwilllearnMandarinquicklyandeffectively.Secondly,youcanwatchthespecialperformanceofBeijingopera.WidelyacceptedinChina,BeijingoperaplaysanimportantroleinChinesetraditionalculture.ThusyouwillhaveabetterunderstandingofChineselanguagebydoingso.IwishyouahappystayinChinaandleaveawonderfulimpressionforever.\nYours,LiHua
