高考维“升”素22——体育运动（时间：30分钟分值：56分）维A阅读理解(每题2分，满分8分)(2012·江西卷)BigBrothersBigSistersisbasedonthesimplicityandpoweroffriendship.Itisaprogramwhichprovidesfriendshipandfunbymatchingvulnerable_young_people(ages7～17)withavolunteeradultwhocanbebotharolemodelandasupportivefriend.Volunteertutorscomefromallwalksoflife—married，single，withorwithoutchildren.BigBrothersandBigSistersarenotreplacementparentsorsocialworkers.Theyaretutors：someonetotrust，tohavefunwith，totalkandgotowhenneeded.ABigSisterandLittleSisterwillgenerallyspendbetweenoneandfourhourstogetherthreeorfourtimeseachmonthforatleasttwelvemonths.Theyenjoysimpleactivitiessuchasapicnicatapark，cooking，playingsportorgoingtoafootballmatch.Theseactivitiesimprovethefriendshipandhelptheyoungpersondeveloppositiveselfrespect，confidenceandlifedirection.BigBrothersBigSistersorganizationsexistthroughouttheworld.Itisthelargestandmostwellknownprovideroftutorservicesinternationallyandhasbeenoperatingfor25years.EmilyandSarahhavebeenmatchedsinceMarch2008.Emilyisa10yearoldgirlwhohasexperiencedsomedifficultiesbeingacceptedbyherschoolmatesatschool.“Iwasprettysuretherewassomethingwrongwithme.”Emily'smumcameacrossBigBrothersBigSistersandthoughtitwouldbeofbenefittoEmilyby“providingdifferentfeedback(反馈)aboutherselfotherthanjustrelyingonschoolmatestomeasureherselfworth.”Sarahwantedtogetinvolvedinavolunteerprogram.“Igoogleditandfoundouthowtobeapartofit.Ithoughtitwouldbefunformetogetinvolvedinmakingtimetodosomethingbecausesometimesit'sallworkandnoplay.”BigBrothersBigSistershasbeenofgreatbenefitandenjoymenttobothEmilyandSarah.Theyloveandlookforwardtotheirtimetogetherandthepartnership9\nhascertainlyhelpedEmilybemorecomfortableinbeingthewonderful，happyanduniquegirlsheis!【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了BigBrothersBigSisters这一活动的具体事宜及一些志愿者的反映。1．WhatistheaimofBigBrothersBigSisters?A．Toofferstudentspublicservices.B．Tohelpstudentsimprovetheirgrades.C．Toorganizesportactivitiesforyoungpeople.D．Toprovidepartnershipandfunforyoungpeople.答案 D [考查细节理解。从第一段的“Itisaprogramwhichprovidesfriendshipandfunbymatchingvulnerableyoungpeople(ages7～17)withavolunteeradultwhocanbebotharolemodelandasupportivefriend.”可知，这是一个成人志愿者给感情上脆弱的年轻人提供友谊和快乐的项目。]2．Avolunteerisusuallyexpectedtoworkwithinayearforatleast________.A．24hoursB．36hoursC．48hoursD．72hours答案 B [考查推理判断。从第三段的第一句可知，志愿者们和这些年轻人每个月都会碰面三四次，每次都在一到四个小时之间，所以他们一年最少也会碰面36个小时。]3．AccordingtoEmily'smother，thisprogrammayprovideEmilywith________.A．advicefromherteachersB．anewwaytoassessherselfC．anewwaytojudgeherschoolmatesD．morecommentsfromherschoolmates答案 B [考查推理判断。从第六段的内容可知，Emily的妈妈认为Emily可以通过不同的反馈而不是只依靠同学们来估量自我价值。]4．WhydidSarahwanttogetinvolvedintheprogram?A．Sheusedtobeavolunteer.B．Sheneededaparttimejob.9\nC．Shefeltabitboredwithherlife.D．Shewantedtogetachallengingjob.答案 C [考查细节理解。从第七段的“Ithoughtitwouldbefunformetogetinvolvedinmakingtimetodosomethingbecausesometimesit'sallworkandnoplay.”可知，有时候只工作，不娱乐，这让Sarah感到生活乏味，这是她参加这个项目的原因。]维B完形填空(每题1.5分，满分30分)选材网站：http：//bbs.caame.com/archiver高考曾用材料：2011北京卷完形填空选材相似度：★★★★设题相似度：★★★难度系数：★★★★★Beingahighschoolcoach，IdidallIcouldtohelpmyboyswinthegames.I__1__ashardforvictoryastheydid.Adramatic__2__，however，followingagameinwhichIofficiatedasareferee，__3__myperspectiveonvictoriesanddefeats.Iwas__4__aleaguechampionshipbasketballgameinNewRochelle，NewYork，betweenNewRochelleandYonkersHigh.NewRochellewas__5__byDanO'Brien，YonkersbyLesBeck.Thegymwasfully__6__tocapacity，andthevolumeofnoisemadeit__7__tohear.Thegamewaswellplayedand__8__competed.YonkerswasleadingbyonepointasI__9__therewerebut30secondslefttoplay.Yonkers，in__10__oftheball，passedoff—shot—missed.NewRochellerecovered—pushedtheballupcourt—shot.Theball__11__tantalizinglyaroundtheedgeandoff.Thefansshrieked.NewRochelle，thehometeam，__12__theballagain，tappingitinforwhatlookedlike__13__.Thenoisewasdeafening.Fromtheclock，Irealizedthegamewas__14__.Ihadn'theardthefinalbuzzerbecauseofthenoise.Seekinghelpinthisdisorder，I__15__thetimekeeper，ayoungmanof17orso.Hesaid，Mr.Covino，thebuzzerrangastheballrolledofftherim__16__thefinaltapinwasmade.Iwasintheunenviable__17__ofhavingtotellCoachO'Brienthesad9\nnews.“Dan，”Isaid，“Yonkers__18__thegame.”Hisfacecloudedover.Theyoungtimekeepercameup，saying，“Sorry，Dad，__19__ranoutbeforethefinalbasketwastappedin.”__20__likethesuncomingoutfrombehindacloud，CoachO'Brien'sfacelitup，“That'sokay，Joe，myson，youdidwhatyouhadtodo.I'mproudofyou.”Note：officiatevt.行使【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。“我”是一名教练，可在一次比赛中所发生的事情让“我”印象深刻。1．A.playedB．thoughtC．rootedD．studied答案 C [从前一句可知，作者是球队的教练，因此选C。rootfor表示“全力支持”。]2．A.accidentB．eventC．occurrenceD．incident答案 D [adramaticincident意为“戏剧性的小事”。accident指“突发的事故”；event指“大事”；occurrence指“异常情况”。]3．A.changedB．provedC．continuedD．supported答案 A [从最后一段可知，CoachO'Brien对球赛的胜败态度的转变也影响了作者自己。]4．A.playingB．refereeingC．watchingD．explaining答案 B [B项照应了前一句中的提示“referee”。]5．A.coachedB．actedC．surroundedD．shocked答案 A [从最后一段可知，DanO'Brien是NewRochelle的教练，应选A。]6．A.untreatedB．unsafeC．crowdedD．legal答案 C [考查形容词的用法。根据上下文可以推断体育馆的人很多，选C。untreated意为“未处理的”；unsafe意为“不安全的”；legal意为“合法的”。]7．A.surprisingB．impossibleC．excitingD．timely答案 B [从前一空和“noise”可推知B比较合理。]8．A.continuouslyB．closelyC．easilyD．happily答案 B [从后一句可知，双方几乎势均力敌，所以选B。]9．A.discoveredB．remainedC．accessedD．added9\n答案 A [当作者发现“Yonkerswasleadingbyonepoint”的时候还剩30秒比赛结束。A项符合题意。]10．A.searchB．prideC．honourD．possession答案 D [本题考查的是词组inpossessionof，意为“控制”，是“passedoff—shot—missed”这一系列动作的前提。]11．A.ranB．rolledC．walkedD．wandered答案 B [球投到篮里的时候，是roll(滚动)比较合乎题意。]12．A.refusedB．removedC．recoveredD．examined答案 C [根据“NewRochellerecovered—pushedtheballupcourt—shot.”可知答案应该是C。]13．A.failureB．victoryC．mistakeD．bravery答案 B [B项既照应了上文“tapin”(托进或拨进篮筐)，也照应了下面的“astheballrolledofftherim__16__thefinaltapinwasmade”，故选B。]14．A.overB．lastC．dilemmaD．unfair答案 A [从下面可知，球赛应该over(结束)，但没听到当时停止的信号。]15．A.enteredB．leftC．approachedD．seperated答案 C [到计时员那儿去问，所以应该是approach(走近)。]16．A.ifB．beforeC．andD．after答案 B [从下文可以推知，哨声是在最后一个进球之前吹响的，应选B。]17．A.situationB．positionC．conditionD．state答案 B [由于作者是裁判，再加上胜败已成定局，此时处于不值得羡慕的位置，故选B。situation指“形势”；condition指“条件”；state指“状况”。]18．A.wonB．lostC．defeatedD．loss答案 A [根据上下文可知赢了比赛，应选A。]19．A.wayB．moneyC．strengthD．time答案 D [句意是“在最后一个球投中之前时间就已经到了”，所以应选D。]20．A.ActuallyB．LuckilyC．FinallyD．Suddenly答案 D [因为CoachO'Brien的态度是在儿子的几句话后快速改变的，因此D比较符合语境。]维C阅读理解(每题2分，满分8分)9\n选材网站：http：//manofthehouse.com高考曾用材料：2012广东卷D篇选材相似度：★★★★设题相似度：★★★难度系数：★★★★Mankindevolvedtopossessthefightorflightstressresponse，allowingustosurviveinadangerousworld.Yetintoday'smanmadejungle，ithasbecomeoneofourgreatestkillers.Evensimpletasks，suchasdrivingtowork，areoftencompoundedbyemotionalresponses:expletiveshurled，fistsshakeninangerandaggressivethreatsmadetowardotherdrivers.Weforgettoturnoffournatureandinsteadallowstress，angerandfrustrationtotakephysicalcontrolofourbodies.WhyStress，AngerandFrustrationareProblematicTheproblemwithstressandangerinthemodernworldisthatmoststressfulorfrustratingscenariesdonotrequireanactivephysicalresponse.Therearenolionsortigerstoescape，onlyimaginaryones.Ourinactivityinthefaceofstressorfrustrationcausesmostofusnottorecognizethatourfightorflightresponsesystemhasbeenstarted.Ourbodiesoftenexistinastateofconstantpanic，andthechemicalsandhormonesreleasedintothebloodbecometoxic，resultinginheartdisease，arthritis，osteoporosis，diabetesandcertaincancers.The_biological_response_that_has_helped_to_keep_us_from_becoming_prey_for_thousands_of_years_is_now_preying_upon_us.HowtoKeepStress，AngerandFrustrationfromKillingYouThefirstthingtodointhebattleagainststressandangeristorecognizethem.Recognizingtriggersandphysicalresponsestostressfulsituationscanhelpyoureducethem.Onceyourecognizethatastressfulsituationhastriggeredaphysiologicalresponse，thebestwaytobringthebodybackintoahomeostatic_stateisthroughphysicalactivity.Walking，running，biking，jumpingoranyenergeticactivitywillhelpbringthebodybackintoequilibrium.Whileitmayseemstrangetodo100jumpingjacksafterastressfulmeetingorgoforajogaftergettinginto9\nanargumentwithyourwife，itcansaveyourlife.Itonlyfeelsunnaturalbecauseourenvironmentisunnatural.Don'tletstress，angerorfrustrationeatatyou.Fightbackthroughexercise.Notes：①frustrationn．挫折 ②equilibriumn．平衡长短句分析：Ourbodiesoftenexistinastateofconstantpanic，andthechemicalsandhormonesreleasedintothebloodbecometoxic，resultinginheartdisease，arthritis，osteoporosis，diabetesandcertaincancers.句法点睛：and前后为顺承关系，resulting是动名词形式作结果状语。句意：我们的身体常常处于一种持续的恐慌状态，这使得化学物质和释放入血液中的荷尔蒙变得有毒，从而导致心脏病、关节炎、骨质疏松症、糖尿病和某些癌症。【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了面对压力、愤怒和挫折，人们最佳的应对方法——进行体育活动。1．Whichofthefollowingisn'tmentionedinthepassageastheexpressionofemotionalresponseduringdrivingtowork?A．Expletiveshurled.B．Sweatallover.C．Fistsshakeninanger.D．Aggressivethreats.答案 B [细节理解题。由第二段第一句“Evensimpletasks，suchasdrivingtowork，areoftencompoundedbyemotionalresponses：expletiveshurled，fistsshakeninangerandaggressivethreatsmadetowardotherdrivers.”可知，A项、C项和D项都在文中有信息支持，只有B项未提及。]2．Whatcanweinferfromtheunderlinedsentence?A．Ourbiologicalresponseisnotasusefulasbefore.B．Thereissomethingwrongwithourbiologicalresponse.C．Ourbiologicalresponsenowaffectsusinabadway.D．Ourbiologicalresponsenowmakesusthepreyofotherlivings.9\n答案 C [推理判断题。这句话直译是“数千年来使得我们成为捕猎者的生物反应现在反过来使得我们成为被捕猎者”。意味着以前帮助我们生存的生物反应现在使得我们在生存中变得十分被动，因而C项正确。其他选项均不合语境。]3．Findoutawordwhichhasthesimilarmeaningwiththeunderlinedphraseinthispassage.A．Equilibrium.B．Stressful.C．Unnatural.D．Frustrating.答案 A [词义猜测题。由语境可知，使身体回到“homeostaticstate”的最好方式是进行体育活动。后面一句对上文进行了进一步解说。equilibrium和homeostaticstate是同义词。]4．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtherightwaytokeepyoufromstress，angerandfrustration?A．Dojumpingjacks.B．Goforajog.C．Haveawalk.D．Stayathomedoingnothing.答案 D [推理判断题。由最后一段最后两句“Don'tletstress，angerorfrustrationeatatyou.Fightbackthroughexercise.”可知，击败压力、愤怒和挫折的最好办法是进行体育活动。选项中只有D项不是体育活动。]维D单词拼写(每小题1分，满分10分)根据下列各句句意和空白之后的汉语提示词，在横线上写出对应单词的正确、完整形式，每空只写一词。1．Somefriendsofhersattendedher________(生日)partylastSaturday.2．________(出席)atthemeetingwerehighofficialsfromRussia.3．Now，sir，couldyoutellmeyournameand________(地址)?4．Recently，wehavehelda________(圣诞节)partyandgottogetherwithforeignstudents.5．Ireally________(钦佩)students'hardworkandperseverance.6．Wecaughtayoungman________(偷窃)awatchfromthecounter.7．IfI________(碰巧)tomeetaninjuredperson，Iwoulddofirstaid.8．Itisbadforyoutooffer________(香烟)toothers.9．Uponarrival，webegantoplantyoungtrees________(立刻)．10．The________(奖)wenttoaHollywoodactorlastyear.答案 1.birthday 2.Present 3.address 4.Christmas9\n5．admire 6.stealing 7.happened 8.cigarettes 9.immediately/instantly 10.award/prize9
