阅读题型篇阅读题型一完形填空801命题趋势考标导向化1.考查内容完形填空是全国各省、地、市中考的必考题型，在中考英语试卷中一般占总分的10%—15%。从近几年的中考命题趋势来看，完形填空基本上遵循“突出语篇，强调应用，注重实际”的设计思路，注重测试考生运用所学的知识，对文章提供的信息进行逻辑推理、分析归纳的综合能力。完形填空考查考生对语法、词汇、句型、句式、词语惯用法等的掌握情况，特别是考查动词、名词、形容词、副词等实词，此外还有状语从句的连接词、词组搭配及常用的词语、冠词、不定代词等。2.考查难度完形填空题型综合性较高，难度较大。具体地说，虽然完形填空首句不挖空，但是四个选项(个别试题给出三个选项)都有较强的迷惑性和干扰性，同时命题者加大了句子层次和语篇层次设空所占的比例，有些后置性设空的难度也较大，有的答案提示一直到篇末才出现，因此区分度较高。3.试题特点完形填空的基本设计形式都是从一篇短文中抽走10—15处，形成空白。可以说完形填空是根据一篇文章所提供的情景进行的选择填空，也可以说它是在缺少个别单词情况下的阅读理解，试题特点也逐渐出现了“情景推理多，语法选项少”的趋势。近年中考英语完形填空试题中，完全根据语法知识进行选择的很少。有的题目，既考查语法知识，也考查意义选择，而且淡化语法知识，侧重根据文章内容确定答案的“情景意义”选择几乎已经覆盖了完形填空的全部试题。预计2022年中考完形填空题将继续体现“突出语篇”的命题原则，即“意义填空逐步取代语法填空”，题材和体裁的选取会更加生活化、多样化，选材内容新颖，时代感强，更加注重贴近学生的生活实际。加大对文章的结构意义、上下文衔接、逻辑思维等内容的考查，将是中考完形填空的命题趋势。02方法归纳能力提升化1.重视首句，把握开篇完形填空一般无标题，首句通常不挖空，是完整的一句。细读首句，可判断文章体裁，同时可预测文章的主旨和大意。2.通读全文，掌握大意解题前，要快速通读全文，了解文章的基本内容和整体结构。首先要跳过空白处，通读全文，遇到对意思理解不透的地方时，仍要快速阅读下去，不要把时间浪费在对个别字句的推敲上，应全力以赴捕捉可能获得的所有信息，尽快了解文章大意，弄清楚文章中涉及的“W”,即：who(人物)，what(事件)，when(时间)，where(地点)，why(原因)，whose(相互关系)。切忌看一空填一空，以免断章取义，误解作者的本意。3.瞻前顾后，逐步填空“瞻前顾后”，即答题时要回顾上一句，兼顾下一句。如果一句中有两个空白处待填，在初定答案时要“双管齐下”，在两处同时试填，然后通读全句，通过择优法或排除法最后确定答案。4.抓住关键词，根据上下文解题解题时，要善于发现文章中起重要作用的关键词、短语或句子，以便准确了解所提问题的特定语境以及语篇中的内在关系，做到言之有据。比如文章的第一句、每段的第一句和最后一句等，它们往往是全文或全段的主题句，通过它们可以知道文章的题材、大意、时间、人物和事件等。5.复读全文，验证答案把填好的短文通读一遍，将不合题意的答案调整或修改；如果实在无法确定，可以作推理性猜测，不可放弃不填。进行核查同时注意以下三点：(1)上下文的一致性：即时态语态的一致；代词、名词、单复数的一致。(2)语法和惯用法及习惯搭配，甚至从语感入手，看是否符合上下文的逻辑。(3)段与段、句与句之间的衔接是否连贯。03整合集训反馈层级化▲记叙篇A(2022·镇江)Recently，IfeltlikeIreachedaverylowpointinlife.Myrelationshipsweren’tgood，Iwasn’tenjoyingmyclasses，andIfeltlikeIhadnothingto1.Mylifeseemedtobefullofendlesshomework，testsandloneliness.Nothinganyonesaidseemed2tome.Iwasn’tsurewhattodoaboutmyself.AllIwantedwastobehappyagain，butIdidn’tknowwhoorwhatwould3that.Duringthesedays，Ihadtroublesleeping.Ihadtotakesleepingpillsbutstillwokeupinthemidnight.Ihadno4buttotellmydad.He5thebookTheSecret.Iimmediatelyboughtthee-bookonlineandreadthewholethingthatnight.I’m6quiteastubbornperson，buttheeffect8\nonmymoodafterfinishingthebookwas7.Suddenly，Ifeltlikelifewasbeautifulagain.Ihadneverfeltsuchadeepandquick8inmylifebefore.Infact，thebook’smessagewasverysimple—thinkpositively(积极地).Thebookhadmanysuccessstoriesabouthowpeoplewereableto9money，soulmates(心灵伙伴)andoldfriendsbackintotheirlives.Istartedlearningtothankeverythinginmylifelikethem.Littlebylittle，IrealizedthatTheSecretcouldonlywork10Ibelievedthesepeople’ssuccessstories.NowI’msureIcanbringmyselfhappiness.()1.A.takecareofB.comeupwithC.lookdownonD.lookforwardto()2.A.helpfulB.colourfulC.peacefulD.powerful()3.A.serveB.offerC.answerD.prevent()4.A.problemB.ideaC.needD.doubt()5.A.borrowedB.collectedC.returnedD.recommended()6.A.normallyB.mainlyC.finallyD.probably()7.A.realisticB.commonC.obviousD.serious()8.A.breathB.noticeC.surpriseD.change()9.A.attractB.controlC.imagineD.mention()10.A.untilB.whenC.unlessD.beforeB(2022·安徽)OncetherelivedafarmercalledHenry.Hehadabrother，Mike，intownwhowasanexcellentgardener.Hisskillandhisbeautifultreeswere1everywhere.Oneday，HenrywenttotowntovisitMike.“Look，mybrother，”saidMike，“Hereisthebest2treefrommygarden.Takeithomeand3itsothatyou，andyourchildren，andyourchildren’schildrencanenjoyit.”Henrywas4withtheappletreeandwentbackhome.Thenextmorning，hebeganto5whereheshouldplantit.“IfIplantitonthehill，”saidhetohimself，“thewindmightcatchitand6downthefruit;IfIplantitclosetotheroad，peoplewhopassbywillpicksomeofthem;ButifIplantit…”7heplantedthetreeinthecornerbehindhishouse，wherenooneelsecouldnoticeit.Butthetreebore(结出)nofruitthefirstyear，northesecond.ThenHenrysentforhisbrotherandsaidtohim8，“Youhavecheatedme.Thisisthethirdyearanditbringsme9butleaves.”WhenMikesawwherethetreewasplanted，helaughedandsaid，“Youhaveplantedthetreeinsuchacoldcornerwithout10orwarmth.How，then，couldyouexpectflowersandfruit?”()1.A.simpleB.famousC.similarD.common()2.A.pearB.grapeC.appleD.banana()3.A.sellB.washC.hideD.plant()4.A.tiredB.patientC.pleasedD.popular()5.A.learnB.wonderC.realizeD.understand()6.A.putB.cutC.pushD.shake()7.A.FinallyB.FirstlyC.LuckilyD.Certainly()8.A.happilyB.angrilyC.kindlyD.carelessly()9.A.nothingB.somethingC.everythingD.anything()10.A.airB.earthC.waterD.sunlightC(2022·河南)“It’srainingcatsanddogs!”Grandpashouted.LittleRichiecamerunningtothewindow.Hewantedtoseethe1fallingfromthesky.Helookedoutofthewindow，butitwas2thattherewerenocatsordogs.Heonlysawsmallpoolsofwaterontheground.“Man，it’sreallycomingdownoutthere!”UncleBobagreed3helookedoutofthe8\nwindow，too.Richiescratchedhishead(挠头).Whatwascomingdown?Firsttheytalkedaboutcatsanddogsthat4beseen.Nowsomeonesaid“it”.Whatwasgoingonwiththese5?“Wow!”AuntSusieshoutedasshelookedoutofthewindow.“It’srainingreallyhard.”Richie6hisaunt.“It’sraininghard，”heagreed，“but7arethecatsanddogs?”Grandpalaughed.“Richie，thatjust8it’srainingreallyhard.”“Sowhydidn’tyoujustsaythat?”Richie9.Itwasirritating(恼人的)whenpeoplespokeliketheywerenotspeakingEnglishatall.“Wedid.Youjustdidn’tunderstandthese10.”Richie’scousinsaidwithabigsmile.“Well，nowIdo.”Richiesaid.()1.A.tigersandlionsB.pigsandsheepC.catsanddogsD.chickensandducks()2.A.importantB.possibleC.necessaryD.strange()3.A.unlessB.afterC.tillD.though()4.A.couldn’tB.shouldn’tC.needn’tD.mustn’t()5.A.daysB.animalsC.ideasD.people()6.A.shoutedatB.lookedatC.laughedatD.pointedat()7.A.whatB.howC.whereD.who()8.A.explainsB.provesC.meansD.shows()9.A.orderedB.thoughtC.repeatedD.asked()10.A.sayingsB.questionsC.objectsD.stories▲说明篇A(2022·曲靖)Insomesciencefictionmovies，peopleinthefuturehavetheirownrobots.Theserobotsarejustlikehumans.Theyhelpwiththehouseworkanddothemost1jobs.Somescientistsbelievethattherewillbesuchrobotsinthefuture.However，theyagreeitmaytakehundredsofyears.Scientistsarenowtryingtomakerobotslooklikepeopleand2thesamethingsasus.Japanesecompanieshavealreadymaderobotswalkanddance.Thiskindofrobotwillalsobefuntowatch.ButrobotscientistJamesWhitedisagrees.Hethinksthatitwillbe3forarobottodothesamethingsasaperson.Forexample，it’seasyforachildto4andknowwhereheorsheis.MrWhitethinksthatrobotswon’tbeabletodothis.Butotherscientistsdisagree.Theythinkthatrobotswillbeabletotalktopeople525to50years.Robotscientistsarenotjusttryingtomakerobotslooklikepeople.Forexample，therearealreadyrobots6infactories.Theserobotslookmorelikehugearms.Theydosimplejobsoverandoveragain.Peoplewouldnotliketodosuchjobsandwouldgetbored.Butrobotswill7getbored.Inthefuture，therewillbemorerobotseverywhere，andhumanswillhave8worktodo.Newrobotswillhavemanydifferent9.Somewilllooklikehumans，andothersmightlooklike10.Afteranearthquake，asnakerobotcouldhelplookforpeopleunderbuildings.Thatmaynotseempossiblenow，butcomputers，spacerocketsandevenelectrictoothbrushesseemedimpossibleahundredyearsago.Weneverknowwhatwillhappeninthefuture!()1.A.unpleasantB.pleasantC.boredD.interesting()2.A.todoB.doingC.doD.did()3.A.easyB.possibleC.excitingD.hard()4.A.lookupB.wakeupC.turnupD.putup()5.A.afterB.beforeC.aboutD.in()6.A.workB.workingC.toworkD.worked()7.A.noB.everC.neverD.always()8.A.lessB.alittleC.fewerD.afew()9.A.namesB.colorsC.sizesD.shapes()10.A.turtlesB.snakes8\nC.monstersD.spidersB(2022·安徽)InChina，veryfewchildrenmakepocketmoney.1，inwesterncountries，mostkidsmakepocketmoneybythemselves.Theymakemoneyinmanydifferent2.Whenkidsareveryyoung，theirparentshelpthemsellthefruitsoftheirowntreestoneighbours.Kidsmayalsohelp3dohouseworktomakemoneyathome.Whenthey4sixteen，theycanmakemoneybysendingnewspapersorbyworkinginfastfoodrestaurants，5duringthesummerholidays.Therearemany6ofmakingpocketmoneybykidsthemselves.Firstofall，theylearnthe7ofmoneybyworkinghardsothattheywillnotwasteany.Secondly，theylearnto8moneytobuythingstheyneedorwant，suchasbooks，pencils，movies，andevenclothestheylike.Thirdly，theylearnto9thedailylifeproblemsbyhelpingtheirparentsorothers.Makingpocketmoneyis10forchildrenwhentheygrowup.Thatiswhyparentsencouragetheirkidstomakepocketmoney.()1.A.AlsoB.AnywayC.HoweverD.Besides()2.A.waysB.levelsC.homesD.countries()3.A.teachersB.friendsC.parentsD.neighbours()4.A.getB.haveC.catchD.reach()5.A.reallyB.hardlyC.properlyD.especially()6.A.choicesB.advantagesC.problemsD.lessons()7.A.funB.valueC.messageD.purpose()8.A.countB.wasteC.manageD.change()9.A.giveupB.lookupC.dealwithD.meetwith()10.A.helpfulB.carefulC.beautifulD.successfulC(2022·呼和浩特)Earlyinthemorning，atnoon，orintheeveninginbigcitiesandinthecountryside，allovertheUnitedStates，youcanseeAmericansrunning—menandwomen，youngandold.Peoplerun1—alongthebeachesofCalifornia，2CentralParkinNewYork，downquietstreetsinsmalltownsoratthegym.Somepeopleevenrunin3livingrooms.Runningwasn’tsopopularinthepast.Inthe1960s，runnersweremostlyathletesandhealthystrongpeople.Whenpeoplesawarunner，theyused4，“Hey，what’sthehurryfor？”ortheymightsayto5，“Ishecrazy？”Atthattime，womenalmostneverran.Iftheydid，theymightbelaughedat.Buttodayallthesehave6.Menandwomenofall7enjoyrunning.DoctorssaymanyofthehealthproblemsintheUnitedStates8thesebadhabits:eatingtoomuch，smokingcigarettes，andtaking9exercise.Doctorstellus，“Eatless，don’tsmoke，andexercisemore.”Runningisagoodexercise10ithelpsbuildstrongheartsandlungs.Italsohelpsmostpeopleloseweight.()1.A.anywhereB.somewhereC.everywhereD.nowhere()2.A.amongB.throughC.withD.on()3.A.ourB.yourC.hisD.their()4.A.toaskingB.tospeakC.tospeakingD.toask()5.A.themB.themselvesC.theirD.they()6.A.changedB.stoppedC.workedD.done()7.A.peopleB.citiesC.villagesD.ages()8.A.comefromB.lookforC.careforD.thinkof()9.A.fewB.manyC.muchD.little()10.A.howB.whereC.becauseD.until▲议论篇A(2022·潍坊)Richorpoor，youngorold，weallhaveproblems.Wecaneasilybecomeunhappy1wesolveourproblems.2aboutourproblemscanaffecthowwedothingsatschoolorathome.Sohowdowedeal8\nwithourproblems?Mostofushaveprobablybeenangry3ourfriends，parentsorteachers.Perhapstheysaidsomethingyoudidn’tlike，oryoufelttheywereunfair.Sometimes，peoplecanstayangryforyearsabutasmallproblem.Timegoesby，andgoodfriendshipsmay4.Whenweareangry，however，weareusuallytheonesaffected.Haveyoueverseenyoungchildrenplayingtogether?Buttheyfightverysoon，anddecidenottotalktoeachother.However，thisusuallydoesn’t5forlong.Theybecomegoodfriendsagain.Thisisanimportant6forus，wecansolveaproblembyleaningtoforget.Manystudentsoftencomplainaboutschool.Theymightfeeltheyhavetoomuchworktodosometimes，orthinktherulesaretoo7.Wemustlearnhowtochangethese“problems”into“challenges”(挑战).Asyoungadults，itisourduty8ourbesttodealwitheachchallengewiththehelpofourteachers.Bycomparingyourselftootherpeople，youwillfindyourproblemsarenotso9.ThinkaboutStephenHawking，forexample，averycleverscientist.Hecan’twalkorevenspeak，butheregardshismanyphysicalproblemsasunimportant.Nowheisknown10agreatscientistintheworld.Weareprobablyquitehealthyandsmart.Let’snotworryaboutourproblems.Let’sfacethechallengesinstead.()1.A.unlessB.ifC.whenD.as()2.A.WorryB.WorryingC.WorriedD.Worries()3.A.ofB.toC.withD.in()4.A.loseB.belostC.keepD.bekept()5.A.lastB.doC.produceD.make()6.A.programB.toolC.classD.lesson()7.A.kindB.strictC.weakD.free()8.A.totryB.tohaveC.toputD.tokeep()9.A.terribleB.pleasantC.painlessD.useful()10.A.aboutB.forC.withD.asB(2022·重庆)Thesedays，somemiddleschoolsinChinaaretryingtodosomethingdifferent.Thestudentschooseclassesaccordingtotheirownneeds.Foreachsubject，theycanmakeachoicefromdifferentlevels(等级)ofdifficulty.Soinsteadofstayinginthe1classroom，theygotodifferentroomstohavetheirlessons.Andtheteachersmakespecialteachingplansfor2.Therearedifferentopinionsaboutit.XiaRui，a13-year-oldgirl，said，“Ireallyloveit.Ithinkit’snicethatwecan3classesbyourselves.MyEnglishispoor.Iusedtobeafraidtoanswerquestionsinclass.Ithinkthatthegoodstudentsmay4mewhenImakemistakes.NowIfeelmuchmorerelaxed.”ButherclassmateChenGangdidn’tagree.“Idon’tthinkitissogood5itisdifficultforstudentstofindwheretheclassroomsare，”hesaid.“Duringthebreaks，studentscanbeseenhereandthere，runningandshoutingtofindtheir6.”“I’mworriedthatsomestudentsmaythinktheyareinthelowerclass7loseinterestedinthesubject，”theirmathteacher，Mr.Wangsaid.“Ialso8thatsomeparentsmayfeelunhappyiftheirkidsstudyasubjectataneasylevel.”“Inmyeyes，itisgood9bothstudentsandteachers，”Mr.Wangalsosaid.“Asteachers，wecanmaketeachingplansmore10andthestudentswilldevelopbetter.”()1.A.cleanB.sameC.brightD.empty()2.A.usB.himC.themD.you()3.A.playB.teachC.chooseD.work()4.A.laughatB.listentoC.lookafterD.waitfor()5.A.whetherB.becauseC.whenD.before8\n()6.A.parentsB.friendsC.booksD.classrooms()7.A.andB.butC.tillD.or()8.A.hopeB.reportC.cryD.worry()9.A.forB.atC.onD.with()10.A.slowlyB.easilyC.quietlyD.brightlyC(2022·阜康)Sometimeswehaveafightwithafriend.Manytimes，youfindthatyouevenforgotwhatthe1wasabout.Youjustseemedtobeangry，andthen2talkingtoeachother.Timegoesbyandyourealizethatyou3thefriendship，andwishedyoucouldtalktoyourfriendagain.Leavingtheargumentalone，andavoiding(避免)4.Ifyoutalkrightafterthefight，manythingsaresaidoutofanger.However，donotwaittoo5.Toolongtimemaymaketherelationshipmoredifficulttomakeup.So6thefightcalmsdown，makesureyoutalktothepersonbeforeit’stoolate.Afteryoudothat，sitdownandsayyou’re7ifyouaretheonewhocausedthefight.Maybeyourfriendcouldbeatfault(过错).Ifyou’renotsure，reviewtheeventsthatleduptothefight.Ifyour8iswrong，don’tapologize.Youprobablydidn’tdoanythingwrong.Sogiveyourfriendthe9shoulder.Waituntiltheysaytheyaresorry.Andiftheydon’tapologize，they’renotworthyour10.Youcanspendthetimewithotherfriends.()1.A.meetingB.storyC.fightD.advice()2.A.stopB.beginC.preferD.like()3.A.haveB.hateC.missD.build()4.A.talkingB.playingC.listeningD.studying()5.A.shortB.longC.earlyD.far()6.A.beforeB.untilC.whileD.after()7.A.rightB.happyC.sorryD.excited()8.A.friendB.teacherC.sisterD.brother()9.A.warmB.hotC.coolD.cold()10.A.moneyB.timeC.angerD.stress▲应用篇A(2022·达州)Notonlyadultsbutalsoteenagershaveproblemsintheirlife.Hereisasurveyshowingthemainproblemsof1.Theyfeelstressedbecausetheyhave2homeworktodobothatschoolandathome.Theyhavelotsofexams3.Andparentsusuallysendthem4differentclassesatweekends.Asaresult，somanyofthemalmostbecomebookworms(书虫).Onholidays，theycouldhardlyhave5timetodowhattheyareinterestedin.Nowmoreandmoreteenagers6short-sighted.Theyoftenreadinbedorkeep7foralongtimewithouthavingarest.Someofthemarecrazyaboutplayingcomputergames.Some8toomuchwatchingTV.9seriousproblemamongteenagersisthatmanyofthemarebecomingfat.Theyeattoomuchjunkfood，buttheytakelittleexercise.Ithinkteenagersshouldthinkofwaysonhowto10theproblem.Theyshouldmakeaplanforstudyandhobbiesandfindtimetorelaxasmuchaspossible.()1.A.adultB.adultsC.teenagerD.teenagers()2.A.toomanyB.toomuchC.muchtooD.manytoo()3.A.joinB.tobetakenC.totakeD.tojoin()4.A.toB.forC.ofD.in()5.A.ourownB.theirownC.hisownD.theyown()6.A.aregettingB.aregettingC.gotD.arebecome()7.A.redB.readC.toreadD.reading()8.A.payB.costC.spendD.take8\n()9.A.AnotherB.OtherC.OthersD.Some()10.A.doingwithB.dowithC.dealingwithD.dealwithB(2022·重庆)DearJenny，How’sitgoing?Areyoubusywithyourstudythesedays?I’vebeenbackatschool1nearlyfourweeks.I’mverygladtotellyouthatgreat2havetakenplaceinourschoolthisterm.Firstofall，we’reaskedto“clearourplates”whenhavingourmealsandsay3towasting.Someofususedtoordermorethanwhatwecouldeat.Thatwasabigwasteoffood.Nowweneedto4thefoodweorder.Weshouldalsostopwastinginsomeotherways.Forexample，weshouldturnoffthelightswhenwe5theclassroom.Andourschoolhasopenedupsomefieldsforustolearnhowtogrowvegetables.Eachclassisgivenasmallgardenandourclasshasdecidedtogrowsometomatoesandbeans(豆类)inour6time.Ithinkthat’llbeveryinteresting.MaybeI’llbeableto7yousomebeanswe’vegrownbyourselvesnexttime.What’smore，wehaveonlytwoclassesintheafternoon8wehavemoretimeforafterschoolactivities.I’moneofthetrafficsafetyvolunteersinourschool.Afterschool，wetaketurnstogotothestreetsnearourschoolandaskpeopleto9thetrafficrules.Ithinkwearehavingadifferentschoollifenow.Pleasewritebacksoonandtell10moreaboutyourschool.Yours，WangWei()1.A.inB.forC.onD.at()2.A.changesB.thingsC.interestsD.lessons()3.A.yesB.helloC.noD.thanks()4.A.cleanB.payC.cookD.finish()5.A.leaveB.reachC.openD.build()6.A.busyB.freeC.happyD.sad()7.A.plantB.buyC.postD.lend()8.A.becauseB.whenC.beforeD.so()9.A.followB.makeC.breakD.think()10.A.himB.herC.youD.me8参考答案：阅读题型一完形填空▲记叙篇A)1—5DABBD6—10ACDABB)1—5BCDCB6—10DABADC)1—5CDBAD6—10BCCDA▲说明篇A)1—5ACDBD6—10BCADBB)1—5CACDD6—10BBCCAC)1—5CBDDB6—10ADADC▲议论篇A)1—5ABCBA6—10DBAADB)1—5BCCAB6—10DADADC)1—5CACAB6—10DCADB▲应用篇8\nA)1—5DBCAB6—10BDCADB)1—5BACDA6—10BCDAD8
