阅读题型三任务阅读701命题趋势考标导向化1.命题原则任务型阅读在近几年的中考试卷中频频出现，任务型阅读要求学生在阅读理解的基础上，去完成多项任务或问题，注重学生运用语言“做事”的能力，是考查学生运用所学英语知识解决实际问题的一种新题型，占中考总分值的10%左右。2.考查题型任务型阅读的题型多样，主要有三种题型：填写表格型，回答问题型及综合任务型。预计2022年任务型阅读的题材和体裁也会多样化，材料更趋知识化、现代化和生活化，以突出实用性和时代性；在命题方面难度将略有提高，考查方式更加多变、全面，命题将从不同的角度出发，全面考查学生对知识的综合掌握能力以及完成各项任务的能力。02题型解读能力提升化◆类型Ⅰ回答问题型【解题策略】此类阅读题目的问题多为特殊疑问句。问题的内容小到一个词的词义，大到概述故事的大意；可以提问一件事，也可以推断作者的意图，评价作品的内容。问题可以是单一问题，也可以是综合性问题或发挥性问题。做回答问题型的阅读理解需要把握一些细节事实，如who,when，where，which，what等事实。建议采用逆读查找法，即先看题目，通过题目了解文章大意，再看短文，有目的地突破细节。【题组训练】A(2022·北京)AlmosteverykidinthiscountryhasevereatenHersheychocolate.ButdoyouknowthattheHersheychocolatefactoryismorethanonehundredyearsold?AnddoyouknowthatthefatherofHersheyChocolate，MiltonHershey，hadmanyfailuresinbusinessbeforehestartedhisfamouscompany?MiltonHersheygrewupinPennsylvania.Beforehebecameinterestedinmakingchocolate，heworkedasaprinterforasmallnewspaperatfirst，andthendecidedthatprintingwasnottherightjobforhim.ThenheworkedatacandyfactoryinLancaster.Afterworkingafewyearsthere，hedecidedtoopenhisownlittlecandybusinessnearPhiladelphia.Hisfirstbusinessfailedbecauseitwasnotmakingmoney.Afterthat，hewenttoDenvertolearnhowtomakecaramels(焦糖).HetookhisnewskillsbacktoNewYorkandworkedsellingcandiesonthestreet.Buthissecondbusinessalsofailed.Finally，MiltonHersheymovedbacktoPennsylvaniawherehegrewup.Hethenexperimentedwithallsortsofdifferentcandiesandchocolate.By1893hewassellingamilliondollarsworthofcaramelcandyeachyear.Sincehischocolate-flavored(巧克力味的)caramelswerethebestselling，hedecidedtomakechocolatehimself.Byexperimenting，MiltonHersheydiscoveredhowtomakedeliciouschocolate.Theareawherehelivedhadalargeandeasysupplyofmilkandsugar，whichhelpedhimsucceedinhischocolatebusiness.In1903，MiltonHersheybuiltahugechocolatefactoryandatowntogowithit.Today，thetownofHersheyisstillthehomeofthefactorythatMiltonHersheybuilt.Andifyouevervisit，youcansmelldeliciouschocolatesmellsjustbutdrivingthroughthetown.Thefactoryisnotsohardtofind.JusttraveldownCocoaAvenueuntilyougettoEastChocolateAvenue.Turnrightatthetrafficlightsandjustfollowyournose.1.WhoisthefatherofHersheyChocolate?______________________________________________2.Wheredidhegrowup?______________________________________________3.WhydidhegotoDenver?______________________________________________4.Whydidhedecidetomakechocolatehimself?________________________________________________5.WhatmightbethereasonsforHershey’ssuccessinhischocolatebusiness?________________________________________________B(2022·长沙)TheWorldWideWeb(www万维网)turned25yearsoldonMarch12th.Ithasbecomeaveryimportantpartinourdailylives.Wecan’timaginelivingwithouttheWeb，theshortformoftheWorldWideWeb.7\nIn1898，aBritishengineernamedTimeBerners-LeecameupwiththeideaoftheWeb.Itisagroupof“pages”ofinformationthatareconnectedtoeachotheraroundtheworld.ThatistheverybeginningoftheWeb.Sincethen，theWebhasgreatlychangedthewaypeoplelive.Withaclick(点击)ofamousewecanreadnews，buythings，makefriendsandlearnanythingwe’reinterestedin.Now，25yearsafteritsbirth，howwilltheWebinfluencelifeinthefuture?Scientistsbelievetherearebothadvantagesanddisadvantages.AgrowingWebwillhelpbuild‘betterrelationships’betweendifferentcultures.Alsointhefuture，everydayitemscouldbeconnectedtotheWeb.Wecouldshareplentyofinformationtomakeourdailylivesmoreconvenient(方便的).Soonedayinthefuture，yourfrontdoorcouldsendyouamessage，“Dearsir，everyonehasleftthehouse，butI’mstillopen!”Butscientistswarn(警告)usthatifwesharepersonalinformationontheInternetitcouldgetintothewronghands.“It’snotwisetospendawholedayinfrontofthescreen.Peopleneedtogetclosetonatureandenjoythesun.NeverbecontrolledbytheInternet.”SaidBerners-Lee.1.HowoldistheWorldWideWeb?_____________________________________2.WhocameupwiththeideaoftheWeb?_______________________________________3.Whatcanwedobyclickingamouseaccordingtothemessage?_________________________________________4.WilltheWebinfluencelifeinthefuture?________________________________________5.WhatcouldhappenifwesharepersonalinformationontheInternet?_________________________________________C(2022·临沂)DoyouknowsomethingaboutAkuapempeople?TheyliveineasternGhana(加纳)，wherethesunshinehugsallthetime.Theyareveryfriendly.Nowlet’shavealookathowtheAkuapempeoplereceiveavisitor.AvisitorisoftenwelcomedwarmlyinafamilyofAkuapem.Afterthevisitoriswelcomedintothehouse，heisofferedaseatandwaterattheverybeginning，forthehost(主人)thinksthatthevisitormusthavecomefromaverylongtripandisinneedofwater.Thenthehostfamilygreetthevisitorbysaying“Akwaaba”.Moreinterestingly，ifthereisagroupofvisitors，thehostwillgreetthevisitorsfromrighttoleft.Andthehostshakesonlywithhisrighthand，becausethelefthandisregardeddirtyaccordingtotheAkuapempeople.Next，thevisitorisaskedhowhistripwasandwhyhehascome.Whiletheconversationisgoingon，thewifeandchildren，especiallygirls，arecookingfoodforthevisitor.Thevisitorcanchoosethefood.Afterthevisitorhasfinishedeating，thehostandthevisitorcontinuetheirconversation.Usuallythisisashortonesincethevisitorisgettingreadytosaygoodbye.Whenthevisitorisleaving，heisoftengivensomefoodtotakealong.Heisalsoaccompanied(陪伴)byoneofthechildrentotheneareststation.Thechildwhoaccompaniesthevisitorwillnotcomebackhomeuntilthevisitorleavessafely.Nomatterifheisacloseorjustapasser-by(过路人)，thisisalwaysthewaythatthefriendlyAkuapempeoplereceiveavisitor.1.WhatisthevisitorofferedatfirstbythefamilyofAkuapem?__________________________________________________2.Whydoesthehostshakeonlywithhisrighthand?_________________________________________________3.Whoarecookingfoodwhilethehostischattingwiththevisitor?_________________________________________________4.Whenwillthechildwhoaccompaniesthevisitortothestationcomebackhome?_________________________________________________5.Whatdoesthearticlemainlytalkabout?_________________________________________________◆类型Ⅱ填写表格型7\n【解题策略】填写表格型通常是先给出一段阅读材料，根据材料所给的信息填写表格、补全句子或短文中空缺的信息。此类题目通常难度不大，大部分信息都可以直接在材料中找到，因此考生只要通读材料，注意所填信息在原文中的出处，就不难完成任务。但是也有个别信息考生不可能直接在材料中找出，需要根据某些细节、线索或关键词语进行推理、归纳才能完成任务。填写时重在达意，并不一定要用短文中的原词。对于填表式阅读理解，关键在于分析图表中已存在的信息点，然后根据已给出的信息点寻找相对应的信息。【题组训练】A(2022·徐州)EricandChenfirstmetintheirMathsclassatanAmericancollege.ChenwasaninternationalstudentfromChina.HewantedtolearnaboutAmericancultureandhopedheandEricwouldbecomegoodfriends.Atfirst，Ericseemedfriendly.HealwaysgreetedChenwarmlybeforeclass.SometimesheofferedtostudywithChen.HeeveninvitedChentoeatlunchwithhim.Butafterthetermwasoverandtheywereindifferentclasses，Ericseemedmoredistant.Theydidn’tseeeachotherverymuchatcollege.OnedayChencalledEric，butEricdidn’tseemveryinterestedintalkingtohim.ChenwashurtbyEric’schangeofattitude(态度).“Ericsaidwewerefriends，”Chensaid.“Ithoughtfriendswerefriendsforever.”Asaforeigner，hedoesn’tunderstandthewayAmericansviewfriendship.Americansusetheword“friend”inaverygeneralway.Theirfriendshipisbasedoncommoninterests.Whenthesharedactivityends，thefriendshipmaydie.NowasEricandChenarenolongerclassmates，their“friendship”haschanged.Insomeculturesfriendshipmeansastronglife-longtiebetweentwopeople.Friendshipdevelopsslowly，sinceitisbuilttolast.Americansociety(社会)changesquickly.Studiesshowone-fifthofAmericanfamiliesmoveeveryyear.Americanfriendshipdevelopsquickly，anditmaychangejustasquickly.LearninghowAmericansviewfriendshipcanhelpnon-Americansremovemisunderstandings(误解).ItcanalsohelpthemmakefriendsintheAmericanway.HowAmericansviewfriendship__1___?Chen:a2collegestudentintheUSEric:anAmericancollegestudentWhathappened?AtfirstEricwas3:greetingChenwarmlybeforeclass;offeringtostudywithChen;4Chentohavelunchwithhim.Afterthe5wasover.Ericchanged-hedidn’twantto6toChen.Chenwashurt.TheexplanationInsomecountriesfriendshipdevelops7:itmeansastronglong-lifetiebetweentwopeople.Americansocietychangesquickly.8percentofAmericanfamiliesmoveeveryyear.Theirfriendshipdevelopsquicklyandmay9justasquickly.Americanfriendshipbasedoncommon10.Learningthiscanhelppeopleunderstandeachotherbetter.1.___________2._________3._________4.__________5._________6._________7.__________8.___________9.__________10.__________B(2022·常州)Inmodernsociety(社会)thereisagreatdealofargumentaboutcompetition.Somevalueithighly，fortheybelievethatitishelpfulforsocialprogressandrichness.Otherssaythatcompetitionisbad，andthatitsetsonepersonagainstanotherandleadstounfriendlinessbetweenpeople.Ihave7\ntrainedmanychildrenwhoheldthebelief(看法)thattheirself-worthcamefromhowwelltheyperformedattennisandotherskills.Forthem，playingwellandwinningareoftenlife-and-deathmatters.Sadly，theyforgettodevelopmanyotherhumanqualities.However，whilesomeseemtobelostinthestrongwishtosucceed，othersthinkquitetheopposite.Inaculturewhichvaluesonlythewinnerandpaysnoattentiontotheordinary(普通)players，theystronglyblamecompetition，especiallyyoungsterswhohavesufferedundercompetitivepressures(压力)fromtheirparentsorsociety.Teachingtheseyoungpeople，Ioftenfindthattheyevenchoosetofail.Theyseemtochoosefailurebynottryingtowinorachievesuccess.Bynottrying，theyalwayshaveanexcuse.“Imayhavelost，butitdoesn’tmatterbecauseIreallydidn’ttry.”Infact，theyareworriedthatiftheyhadreallytriedandfailed，thefailurewouldmeanthattheywereworthnothing.Clearly，thisbeliefisthesameasthatofthetruecompetitorswhotrytoprovethemselves.Botharebasedonthemistakenbeliefthatone’sself-worthcomesfromhowwelloneperformsincomparison(比较)withothers.Bothareafraidofnotbeingvalued.Wecanonlydiscoveranewmeaningincompetitionsassuchworriesandfearbegintodisappear.Title:OpinionsaboutcompetitionMainargumentSomebelievethatcompetitioncanpushsociety1，whileothersthinkcompetition2unfriendlinessbetweenpeople.Children’sperformancesSomechildren3careaboutperformingwellandwinning.Somechildrengiveuptryingtopreventthemselvesfrom4.ReasonbehindTheythinkonecanprovehisself-worthonlybyperformingbetterthanothersincompetition.Writer’s5Understandthenewmeaningofcompetition.1.________2._______3._______4.________5._________C(2022·烟台)Doyouthinkthatlivingahungrylifeislastcentury’sstory?Well，itmaybethiscentury’sheadline.Theworldhasgrowingworriesaboutaglobalfoodshortage.Rightnow，therearestill870millionhungrypeopleintheworld，accordingtoasurveyoftheUNFoodandAgricultureOrganization.Childrencan’tescapethis，either.Aroundfifteenmillionchildrendieofhungereachyear.What’scausingfoodshortages?Thereareseveralreasons.Therearenowmoredroughtsandfloods.Thisisveryharmfultofarmersandtheirabilitytogrowfood.Besides，withthegrowingpopulation，feedingeveryonebecomesmoredifficult.Therearealittlemorethansevenbillionpeopleintheworld.By2050，theworldpopulationwillbemorethanninebillion.Anotherreasonisfoodwaste.Theaveragepersonthrowsaway50kgoffoodeveryyear.Howcanwehelpwithfoodshortages?Theeasiestwayistocutdownonfoodwaste.Nexttimebeforethrowingawaythefoodonyourplate，justthinkhowmuchworkhasbeendonetomakeit.Bybuyingless，wewasteless.Thistakesthepressureoffproducingsomuchfood.Andithelpstosolvetheproblemoffoodshortage.Youcanalsoaskyourschoolmatestojoinyou.In2022,researchersatKansasStateUniversityintheUSputupshortanti-wasteslogans(标语)indiningrooms“ThinkBeforeYouWaste”.Guesswhathappened?Studentswastedfifteenpercentlessfoodafterthat.Theauthorofthestudysaid.“Youdon’tneedahugeactivitytomakeadifference.”Reasonsoffoodshortage1.___________________________Thegrowingpopulation.2.___________________________Waysof3.4.___________________________Asktheotherstudentstojoininyouranti-wasteworkYourunderstandingofthelast5._________________________7\nsentence.◆类型Ⅲ综合任务型【解题策略】这类阅读理解一般是给出一篇短文，将短文中的若干处做标记，然后根据所标记的内容给出不同要求的阅读任务。要求学生通过阅读短文来完成这些阅读任务，从而考查学生的语言综合运用能力。做此类试题一定不能把所给的阅读任务从短文中割裂开来单独对待。一定要联系上下文，因为所给的任务中，比方说常常会有推测词义或是翻译句子等类型任务，则一定要结合上下文，从上下文的关系中去联想和推测才能得到准确含义。此类型试题一般形式多样，从各方面考虑学生的语言运用能力。考生唯有平时多加训练自己的基础知识方可从容应对。【题组训练】A(2022·随州)HowcanyouthinkinEnglish?Ithinkthebestwayistopracticeaswhatafootballplayerdoeseveryday.Duringthepractice,thefootballplayerspasstheballtohisteammatesoverandoveragain，sotheywon’thavetothinkaboutpassingtheballinthegame，theywilljustdoit.YoucantrainyourselftothinkinEnglishinthisway.Thefirststepistothinkofthewordsthatyouusedaily，simpleeverydaywordslikebook，shoeortree.Forexample，wheneveryouseea“book”①youshouldthinkofitinEnglish___________inyourmotherlanguage.②AfteryouhavelearnedtothinkofwordsinEnglish，You’dbettergoontothenextstep—thinkingofsentencesinEnglish.③听是学英语的一个非常有用的方法。Listenfirstanddon’tcaretoomuchaboutwhetheryouunderstandwhatyou’rehearing.Trytosaywhatyouhearasmuchaspossible.Themoreyoulisten，thebetteryoulearn.Afteryoureachahigherlevel,starthavingconversationswithyourselfinEnglish.ThiswillleadyoutothinkinEnglish.根据短文内容，按要求完成下列任务。1.在①句的空白处分别填入适当的词，使句意完整、上下文通顺。________________2.将②句译成中文。_________________________________________3.将③句译成英文。_________________________________________4.在文中找出与“Ifyoulistenmore，you’lllearnbetter”意思相近的句子。_________________________________________5.写出或在文中找出最能表达文章大意的句子。___________________________________B(2022·十堰)Boysandgirls，thissummervacationisthetimeforyoutotakeyourmindoffhomeworkandprepareyourselfforthefuture.Thefollowingissomeadviceonhowtomakeyourvacationmeaningfulandcolorful.Takeregularexercise.You’veworkedhardmostofthetime.Therefore，youneedtojoininoutdooractivities，whichcanbringyourwholebodyintoaction.Youcanimproveyour________(1)bydoingdifferentkindsofexercisesuchasswimming，joggingandmountainclimbing.Learnsomebasiclifeskills.Oneday，youwilllivealone.Youcan’t__________(2)onyourfamilyanylonger.So，youshouldlearntocook，washandotherpracticalskills.Goforajourney.Traveltoplacesofinterest.Inthisway，you’llunderstandculturesthataredifferentfromthatofyourhometown.Beautifulsightscanalsomakeyourelaxed.Enjoyfamilytime.Don’talwayssitinfrontofacomputer.It’sgreatfunforfamilymemberstositaroundthetable，discussingsports，clothesorothercommontopics.Ifyoufollowtheadviceabove，yoursummervacationwillbefullofjoyandmeaning.Wewishyouawonderfultime!任务一：请根据短文内容，分别写出①、②处所缺的单词。(每空限填一词)1.①_____________②_____________任务二：从短文中选择恰当的单词或短语补全句子2.(A)Chinesefamilies_______gettingtogetherduringtraditionalfestivals.(B)Isupposemylifeinseniorhighschoolwill_________challenges.任务三：请把上文中画线的句子译成汉语3._______________________________________任务四：请根据短文内容回答下列问题4.Howmanypiecesofadvicearementionedinthepassageabove?7\n_____________.5.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?_________________________________________________.C(2022·泰州)Asweknow，everyonecanmakemistakes，butdon’t.Thefollowingiswhatweshoulddowhenwemakemistakes.Firstly，justadmit(承认)it.Don’tthinkthatourmistakesarecausedbyothers.Bebraveandfacethefactthatwehavemadethemistakes.Don’tblameotherpeople，anddon’tcheat(欺骗)ourselves，either.(1)Afterwemakemistakes，wecanpreventthemdisturbingusbylaughingatourselves.Secondly，(2)____________atonce.Inordertostoptheproblemfromgettingworse，weshouldactquicklytosolveit.Ifwedon’tactanddealwiththeproblemquickly，it’llonlymakeusfeelmorestressed.Alsoitisnecessarytomakeaplanofactionandcorrectthemistakeaccordingtoit，sodecidequicklyandact.Thirdly，realizethatmakingmistakesisthebestwaytolearn.ThosewhohavemadethemostmistakescangetanA，fortheyaretheoneswhohavelearnedthemost.Themorewelearnfromourmistakes，theclevererweare.Andlastly，thinkaboutwhatwecanlearnfromourmistakes.Whatcausedustomakethemistake?Howcanweavoid(避免)makingthesamemistakeinthefuture?Whenweactwithamethod(方法)togetagoodresult，doitthatwaynexttime.Ifwedon’t，weshouldstop，thinkaboutit，changeitandtryagain.1.把(1)句译成中文。____________________________________________________2.在(2)句的空白处分别填入一个适当的词使句意完整、上下文通顺。____________________________________________________3.回答问题：Whatshouldwedoifwedon’tgetagoodresultwithamethod?_______________________________________________4.在文中找出与“Ifwelearnmorefromourmistakes，wewillbecomecleverer.”意思相近的句子。_____________________________________________________5.在文中找出最能表达该短文主题的句子。______________________________________________________7参考答案：阅读题型三任务型阅读◆类型Ⅰ回答问题型A）1.MiltonHershey.2.HegrewupinPennsylvania.3.Becausehewantedtolearnhowtomakecaramels.4.Becausehischocolate—flavoredcaramelswerethebestselling.5.Hiscourage，newskills，determinationandthelargeandeasysupplyofmilkandsugar.B）1.25yearsold.2.ABritishengineernamedTimBerners—Lee.3.Wecanreadnews，buythings，makefriendsandlearnanythingwe’reinterestedin.4.Yes，itwill.5.Itcouldgetintothewronghands.C）1.Aseatandwater2.BecausethelefthandisregardeddirtyaccordingtotheAkuapempeople.3.Thewifeandchildren，especiallygirls.4.Afterthevisitorleavessafely.(Thechildwhoaccompaniesthevisitortothestationwon’tcomebackhomeuntilthevisitorleavessafely.)5.HowtheAkuapempeoplereceiveavisitor.(ThewaythatthefriendlyAkuapempeoplereceiveavisitor.)◆类型Ⅱ填写表格型A）1.Who2.Chinese3.friendly4.inviting5.term6.talk7.slowly8.209.change10.interestsB）1.forward2.causes3.only/just4.failing5.suggestions/adviceC）1.Moredroughtsandfloods.2.Foodwaste.3.helpingwithfoodshortages4.Cutdownonfoodwaste.5.Stopwastingfromourselvesandfromtiny/littlethings.7\n◆类型Ⅲ综合任务型A）1.instead；of2.学会用英语思考单词后，你最好继续下一步——用英语思考句子。3.ListeningisaveryusefulwaytolearnEnglish.4.Themoreyoulisten，thebetteryoulearn.5.HowcanyouthinkinEnglish?B）1.①health/body②depend/rely/count2.A.enjoyB.befullof3.美丽的风景也可以让你(身心)放松。4.Four/45.(It’sabout)someadviceonhowtomakeyour(our，my)vacationmeaningfulandcolorful.C）1.在我们犯错误后，我们可以通过嘲笑我们自己，阻止它们来打扰我们。2.solveit3.Weshouldstop，thinkaboutit，changeitandtryagainifwedon’tgetagoodresultwithamethod.4.Themorewelearnfromourmistakes，theclevererweare.5.Themorewelearnfromourmistakes，theclevererweare.7
