阅读题型四短文填词401命题趋势考标导向化1.命题特点短文填词是一种新型的中考题型,在许多中考试卷中已经占有了一个重要的位置。短文填词的特点与完形填空的特点差不多,即在一篇短文中留出8—15个空白，要求学生在正确理解和把握文章大意的基础上根据上、下文的逻辑关系来填写空缺单词，它是考查学生综合运用英语能力的一种有效方法，不仅能比较准确地考查学生的各项知识水平,而且也能培养和提高学生综合运用英语的能力。2.考查形式短文填词通常有三种考查形式：一种是方框选词型，另一种是首字母提示型，第三种是无首字母提示型。02题型解读题型归类化◆类型Ⅰ方框选词补全短文型【解题策略】1.先对备选的间汇的词性作简单标记，如：名词—n.，动词—v.，形容词—adj.，副词—adv.等。同时对词义做初步的理解。2.根据题意或通读全文，猜测空格中所缺的信息，注意发现固定搭配关系.根据需要去备选词汇中寻找匹配的答案。3.在填词过程中要注意词形的变化。既要符合本句的含义，又要保证句式结构的正确。为了方便记忆，试着记住下面的顺口溜：空前空后要注意，“名词”单复数要牢记，还有“s”不能弃，“动词”注意要变形，“形副”注意要用三种级，要填“数词”请留意，千万别忘“基”和“序”，填入“代词”需慎重，五格变化要谨记。4.完成填词后，应通读全文，复核校对。检查单词拼写是否正确，是否有时态、语态、惯用法及词语选用上的错误，以确保答案的正确性。最后把答案填入答卷时，切勿错位。【题组训练】A(2022·河南)usual，mistake，rest，hundred，what，make，although，under，they，think，fly，howEverymorning，kidsfromahighschoolareworkinghard.Theyare1andsellingspecialcoffeeatacoffeeshop.Theyarealsomakingalotofmoney.Thesestudentscanmakeuptonine2dollarsaday.Theyaresellingtheirspecialcoffeetoairplanepassengers.Afterthestudentsgetpaid，the3ofthemoneygoestoalocalyouthproject.ThesehighschoolstudentsuseaspaceintheOaklandairport.Itis4verycrowded(拥挤的).Manypeoplewho5ontheplanesliketodrinkthespecialcoffee.Onecustomer(顾客)6thatthecoffeecostsalotbutitisgoodandworthit.Mostcustomersarepleasantbutsomeareunhappy.7donotlikeitifthecoffeeshopisnotopenforbusiness.Thestudentsmake＄6.10anhour.Theyalsogetschoolcredit(学分)whiletheylearn8torunabusiness.Manyofthestudentsenjoythework9ittooksometimetolearnhowtodoit.Theyhavetolearnhowtoheatmilk，loadthepots，andaddflavor.Ittakessomeskillandsometimes10aremade.Themostcommonmistakeisforgettingtoaddthecoffee.1._________2._________3.__________4______5._________6._________7.__________8.___________9._________10.___________B(2022·兰州)whenIhappya(n)leaveuselessforminutehowshoutOneday，allfeelingswereonvacationonanisland，andeachwashaving1goodtime.Suddenly，there’sawarningofastrongstorm，soallrushedtotheirboats.Yet，Lovedidn’twishtorunawayquickly.Butasthecloudsdarkened，Loverealizeditwastime2.Buttherewerenoboatstouse.Lovelookedaroundwithhope.JustthenRichnesswaspassingby.Loveasked，“Richness，canyoutakemewithyou?”Richnessanswered，“No，Ican’t.There’salotofgoldinmyboat.There’snoplacehere3you.”Sorrowpassedbyafterawhile.Again，Loveaskedforhelp.Butitwas4.“No，Ican’ttakeyouwithme.Iamsosad.Iwanttobeby5.”WhenHappinesspassedbyafew6later，Loveagaincalledforhelp.ButHappinesswassohappythatitcouldn’tcareaboutanyoneelse.Lovewasgrowinghopeless.Justthensomebody7，“Come，Love，Iwilltakeyouwithme.”Lovedidn’tknowwhowasbeingsokind，butjumpedontotheboat8.4\nAftergettingofftheboat，LovemetKnowledge.Loveasked，“Knowledge，doyouknowwhowassokindtogivemealift9nooneelsewishedtohelp?”Knowledgesmiled，“ThatwasTime.”“Time?”askedLove.“ButwhydidTimehelpme?”Knowledgesmiledandanswered，“BecauseonlyTimeisabletounderstand10valuableLoveis.”1.__________2.__________3.__________4.___________5.__________6.__________7.___________8.___________9.__________10.___________C(2022·山西)I,that,thing,stand,anger,serious,who,find,near,support,danger,everywhereForalongtime，Isawhappinessasahugebanneracrossthefinishlineofalongrace.IfeltthatonlywhenIcompletedcertain1couldIfinallybehappyinmylife.MostofthetimeIfeltlikeatortoise.Ibelievedthatbeingslowandstrong-mindedwouldwintherace.AtothertimesIwouldactlikearabbit.Itrieddifferentroadsata2speed，hopingtoreachthatbanneralittlefaster.Gradually，IbegantoseethatnomatterhowlongIracedtowardsit，thebannernevergotany3.Ifinallydecidedonedaytositdownandtakearest.ItwasthenthatIsawmyhappinesssittingbeside4.IthadbeenwithmeasIworkedhard5myfamily，asIplayedwithmychildrenandIheardtheirlaughterandevenwhenIwas6illwithmywifeatmysidelookingafterme.IthadbeenwithmeasIracedtowardsthatstupidbanner.Ijustdidn’thavetheabilitytoseeit.Thereisanoldsaying7goes，“Tensioniswhoyouthinkyoushouldbe.Relaxationiswhoyouare.”Perhapsweallshouldstopourracetowardstheperfectlifewethinkweshouldhave.Weshouldenjoythelifewehavenow.Happinesswillnever8undersomebannerfaraway.Youwillfinditinyourownheart，soulandmind.Youwillfinditwhenyourealizethatothersloveyoujustasyoudo.Don’tbeatortoiseorarabbitwhenitcomestoyourhappiness.Beaplayfullittledogandcarryyourstickofjoywithyou9yougo.Takeyourselfoutoftheraceandrealizethatwhenitcomestoloveandhappiness，you10therealready.Happinessisjustaroundthecorner.1.__________2._________3.__________4.__________5.__________6._________7.__________8.___________9._________10.__________◆类型Ⅱ首字母提示填写单词补全短文型【解题策略】首字母短文填空重点考查了考生单词拼写、语言基础知识、语篇理解能力和语言表达能力，在考查词汇的同时也考查读与写的能力。其主要策略为：1.通读全文，把握句意。只有文章意思清楚了，才能根据文义进行合理的判断，从而有可能突然产生“灵感”，将断层的信息比较准确地反映出来。2.注意精读，反复琢磨。做这类题，有时可根据固定用法判断，有时可通过上下文意思判断，遇到难词时，要根据其前后的句子反复推敲，再三琢磨该词在句中的作用，由此判断出该词的意思。3.把握词义，填写准确。准确指符合要求，即所填写的单词必须以规定字母开头，符合意思，即符合整篇文章的基调，更符合所在句子的含义，不可出现意义断层，说东到西；符合语法，指所填词形的变化，如名词是否要用单复数；形容词是否要用比较级，动词的时态、语态变化等。4.复读全文，验证答案。看所填单词是否为最佳单词，拼写是否准确无误，词形是否需要作必要的变化，短文是否前后连贯一致，情节发展是否合理，议论是否合乎逻辑等。【题组训练】A(2022·镇江)Moreandmorefamiliesliketokeepdogsaspets.Butnotalldogownersthinkofotherswhiletheyarewalkingtheirdogs.Somanytownsandcitiesaroundtheworldf1amessofleft-behindfeces(粪便)fromdogs.InFebruaryofthisyear，atowninFrancestartedanewp2toteachdogownersalesson.Theg3sentabout20volunteerstosearchthestreetscarefully，lookingforhumanswhowouldn’tcleanupaftertheirdogs.Thevolunteerswhoseemedtohavenoc4aimwouldthenmovenearertothepetowner，thenstartaconversationinordertogetthedog’sname.“W5thenameofthedoganditstype，wecane6discovertheownerfromtheregistered(登记)database(信息库)heldinthetownhall.”anofficere7.The4\nvolunteerswouldthenpickupthedogfecesandthepackagewouldbep8tothepetowner’shouse.Inthepastfewm9，thetownhasseena70%decrease(减少)intheamountofdogfecesleftonpublicstreets.Maybemanycitiesinourcountrycanfollowitse10.Inthiswaytherewillbefewercomplaintsaboutdogowners.1._________2._________3.__________4.___________5._________6._________7.__________8.___________9._________10._______B(2022·天津)OnJuly2，1937，AmeliaEarhart(anAmericanpilot)andFredNoonanleftNewGuineaforHowlandIslandinthePacific.Thiswasthelongestandmostdangerouspartoftheirt1aroundtheworld.Earharthadtroublesoonaftertheplanetookoff.Theweatherwasverybad，soshehadtof2at3，000metres.Goingthishigh，theplaneusedfuelquickly.Afterabout20h3，EarhartandNoonangotclosetoHowlandIsland.Theislandwaso4about65miles(英里)away，butthebrightsunwasshiningintheirfacessotheycouldn’tseeit.NearHowland，ashipwasw5fortheplane.Earhartcontactedtheship:“Wedon’thaveenoughfuel.”shesaid.Theshiptriedtostayintouchwithherb6gotnoanswer.Finally，theshipcalledforhelp.PeoplelookedforEarhartandNoonanfordays.However，theyfoundnothing.WhathappenedtoAmeliaEarhart?Nooneknowsforsure.D7theflight，sheprobablymovedinthewrongdirection(方向)becausethesunwasbrightanditwasd8tosee.Soshegotlost;soonafter，herplaneranoutoffuel，andshediedatsea.Anotherideaisthatshesurvived(幸存)theplanecrash(飞机失事)，s9toalonelyisland，andlaterdiedthere.StillothersthinkshesurvivedthecrashandsecretlyreturnedtotheU.S.withanewidentity(身份).Tillnow，noneofthesei10hasbeenproved.Peoplearestillwonderingaboutthem.(Noonan’sbodyhasneverbeenfoundeither.)Nomatterwhathappened，Earhartprobablydiedasshewished.“WhenIgo，”shesaid，“I’dlikebesttogoinmyplane.”1.___________2.__________3.____________4.____________5.___________6.__________7.____________8.____________9.___________10.___________C(2022·武汉)MariaVasandandherdogwalkeddownthehallofthenursinghomeandstoppedinfrontoftheoldladywithanurseatherside.“Wouldsheliketos1mydog?”Mariaasked.“No，avisitwon’th2her.”saidthenurse.Thenshee3thattheladywastoosicktoappreciatevisitors.ButMariadecidedtotryanyway.Shehaddoneresearchonanimalassistingtherapy(辅助疗法)fortenyears.Andshewasverysuccessfulinthisa4.She’dseenevensickestpatientsenjoyavisitfromalovelydog.Mariacarriedthedogovertotheoldlady.Immediately，thewomanr5towardthedog!Shewassop6thatshebegansmilingandtryingtotalk.Thenursestoodaside，w7theminamazement.Thiswomanhadnevercommunicatedwithanyone.Itwaslikeshewasn’tevena8—untilthedogcametoavisit.Aroundtheworldsickadultsandc9filllonelyhospitalrooms.Theymayhaveanillnessorneedtobec10for.Adog’sfriendlyeyesandwarmpaws(爪子)maybejustwhatthedoctororderedtoencouragethemandhelpthemheal(治愈).1._________2._________3.____________4.___________5._________6.__________7.___________8.___________9.__________10._________4参考答案：阅读题型四短文填词◆类型Ⅰ方框选词补全短文型4\nA)1.making2.hundred3.rest4.usually5.fly6.thinks7.They8.how9.although10.mistakesB)1.a2.toleave3.for4.useless5.myself6.minutes7.shouted8.happily9.when10.howC)1.things2.dangerous3.nearer4.me5.tosupport6.seriously7.that8.befound9.everywhere10.havestood◆类型Ⅱ首字母提示填写单词补全短文型A）1.face2.plan/project3.government4.clear/certain5.With6.easily7.explained8.posted9.months10.exampleB)1.travel/tour/trip2.fly3.hours4.only5.waiting6.but7.During8.difficult9.swam10.ideasC)1.see2.help3.explained4.area5.reached6.pleased7.watching8.alive9.children10.cared4
