写作题型篇801命题趋势考标导向化1.命题特点书面表达是全国各地中考的必考题型，其目的在于考查学生运用各项语法知识、正确进行书面表达的能力以及理解情景提示的内容、抓住要点和中心思想的能力。书面表达分值在15分左右。题型主要有话题作文、看图作文和应用作文三种，其中话题作文和应用作文所占比重较大。2.内容特点(1)常见的体裁有：记叙文、描写文、说明文和应用文(包括书信、日记、通知、便条、贺卡、启事、电话留言条)等。(2)题材与生活实际紧密联系，并关注社会焦点、热点问题，体现人文关怀。(3)注重情境设计。书面表达中所设计的情景密切联系现实生活，写作题材源于生活，使学生有话可说，有利于学生写出真情实感，也有利于学生主动性、创造性的发挥。(4)内容要点清楚，表达形式多样，为学生提供更自由的发挥空间。预计2022年中考对书面表达的考查难度会稍有加大，文体以应用作文为主，话题作文和看图作文将有增加的趋势；内容会更加广泛，贴近社会生活。02题型解读题型归类化◆类型Ⅰ话题作文【解题策略】此类题型通常会给出一定的提示，如中文提示、英文提示、关键词提示、要点提示、首句提示等，要求根据这些提示写一篇完整的短文。有时题目会有一个图表材料，其中包括所有的要点和提示，要求学生抓住要点信息，按一定的主题和体裁进行写作。写作时，应注意以下三点：1.认真审题，看清题目中的要求写作书面表达前要认真仔细地阅读有关的提示，弄清试题提供的所有信息，它包含哪些情景、内容和要求，要明确题目有哪些要点，且要点必须齐备。要考虑用哪种体裁，是记叙文、说明文还是议论文；用第几人称来表述；选择什么时态。这样，思路才能条理清晰。2.根据提示内容，列出写作要点及每个要点中可能运用到的表达话题作文通常会给出一些汉语提示(有时也会给出一些英语参考词汇)。首先应认真阅读提示内容，列出写作要点，注意不要漏掉所给出的提示内容，同时所给的参考词汇也要全部用上。对于以表格、图表出现的描述文进行写作时，要读懂所隐含的信息，分析文章难点，确定如何去写。在理解好中(英)文提示的基础上，认真选词，用准确的英文句子把文章的意思完整地表达出来。有时一个句子可能会有几种表达方式，要根据实际情况选用最有把握的一种。遇到自己不是十分确定的词句，可采用变通的方法，切忌使用难词、难句。3.紧扣要点，动笔写作依据写作提纲，完成短文。在写作的过程中，要注意句与句、段与段之间的过渡，必要时可适当运用表示转折、因果、并列、比较等关系的连词，使文章过渡平稳、自然流畅。【题组训练】A(2022·山西)学习方法、自我反思、合作交流、同伴互评是学习过程中几个重要的方面。其中，有效的学习方法能使你的学习境界大开，让学习成为一种享受。在你初中三年的学习过程中，你一定会有一些好的学习方法与你的同伴分享，请按以下要求写一篇短文，内容包含以下要点：●yourgoodlearningmethod(s)●anexperiencethatyouhelpedyourpartners●yourthoughtsandfeelings要求：1.词数80左右，提示词仅供参考；2.文中不得出现真实的人名、校名；3.请将答案写在答题卡相应的位置上。_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________B(2022·河南)你身边的每个人对你来说都具有特殊的意义。请以“Myspecial________”为题用英语写一篇短文，描述你家庭的某个成员或你的朋友、老师、同学等。要求:1.在题目空格处填入你要描述的对象，如grandma，teacher或friend等;2.文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称;3.80词左右。Myspecial___________8\n_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________C(2022·陕西)在日常生活中，你看到身边有哪些不良现象？请列出—些并就某些方面说说你的做法和想法。提示：speakloudly，cutinline(插队)，wastefood，unfriendly(冷漠的)，offernohelp…要求：1.参考提示语，可适当发挥；2.语句通顺，意思连贯，书写工整；3.文中不得出现真实姓名和地名；4.词数：不少于80词。(开头和结尾已给出不计入总词数。)Inourdailylife,Iusuallyseesomebadbehavioraroundus.Forexample,____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Ithinkifeveryonecanthinkmoreofothers,wewillhaveabetterlivingenvironment.D(2022·江西)阅读使人明智，阅读使人充实。某英文报为了了解中学生课外阅读情况，向广大中学生做调查，请根据下面图表信息写一篇短文，介绍课外阅读的益处、你的课外阅读情况及你的阅读计划。提示：1.短文应包括图表中的全部信息，条理清楚，行文连贯；2.短文中不能出现真实的人名和地名；Readingoutsideclassplanbenefit(益处)whathabit…Openupeyes,wise,rich…Whatkindofbooksdoyoulikereading?Why?Doyoureade-books(电子书)？Whyorwhynot?Whendoyouusuallyread?Howlongdoyoureadadayoraweek?3.词数不少于80，开头已给出，不计入总词数。ReadingOutsideClassAsweallknow，readinghasalotofbenefits.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________◆类型Ⅱ看图作文【解题策略】看图作文是通过对图片的观察来获取语言素材的，即根据图片呈现的内容，结合所给的汉语提示或英语提示来描述图画的内容，使意思连贯、通顺，并符合图意。写作看图作文时，应注意以下几点：1.仔细审题，弄清题目要求，明确写作的中心思想首先，应将所给的全部图画或图表连贯起来看，明确所给图画展示的是何种情景，并结合汉语或英语的提示，明确图片所要表达的中心内容。2.仔细观察图画，确定具体细节要素，列出写作提纲通常图画表达的是一个完整的故事情节，如：故事发生的时间、地点、主人公、事情、结局等。根据图画及提示内容列出写作要点，再根据列出的要点确定使用哪些词汇、句型或惯用表达法。3.明确时态，理顺思路，完成表达根据图片和提示的内容，确定表达应需要哪种时态；依据写作提纲，进一步理顺写作思路，将图与图之间的内在联系运用一定的语言逻辑连接起来，把形象生动的图像信息转化为相应的文字表达，并注意写作过程应详略得当。【题组训练】A(2022·徐州)Nancy和Victor是双胞胎。一天他们因为看电视发生了争执。请根据图片提示，并展开合理想象，完整地描述这件事情，然后谈谈你的看法。要求:1.短文90词左右，已给出的部分不计入总词数;2.文中不得出现真实姓名和校名。参考词汇:遥控器remotecontrol8\nTelevisionhaschangedourlifemuchsinceitwasinvented.Nowithasbecomeoneimportantpartofmodernlife.NancyandVictoraretwins.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________B(2022·黄冈)你准备参加学校“英语角”开展的“用英语讲故事”活动，你选取了“曹冲称象”这个大家熟悉的故事。请你根据上边图片内容，用英语写一篇80词以上的小短文。注意:标题、开头和结尾已在答题纸上给出，不计字数。HowCaoChongHadtheElephantWeighedCaoCaowasverygladtohavereceivedanelephantasapresent.Hewantedtoknowhowheavytheelephantwas，buttherewasnoscale(秤)bigenoughtoweighsuchahugecreature.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________CaoChongsaidtohisfatherwithkindofpride.C(2022·台州)根据下边图片的内容，以“MotherStopsHim”，为题，用英语写一篇短文，向某英语报社投稿。要求如下：(1)描述图中发生的亊件；(2)简单分析妈妈的行为对孩子可能产生的不良影响；(3)指出老人若不被扶起可能出现的后果；(4)倡议人们彼此信任、互相帮助。词数:80-100。标题和开头已给出，不计人总词数。参考词汇：lift…up扶起knock…down撞倒trust信任MotherStopsHimHereisapicturefromanewsreport.Inthepicture，wecanseethreepeople.Anoldwomanislyingontheground.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________D(2022·湖州)合理安排闲暇时间有助于养成良好的生活习惯，最近你们班同学就HowtoSpendFreeTime进行了交流。请结合下图所提供的信息，用英语写一篇短文，并谈谈你的看法。要求：1.短文必须包括图中全部信息，可适当发挥；2.条理清晰，能表明自己的观点并说明理由；3.80-100词，开头已给出，不计入总数；4.短文中不能出现真实姓名、校名、地名等信息。HowtoSpendFreeTimeRecentlymyclassmateshavetalkedabouthowtospendourfreetime._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________◆类型Ⅲ应用作文【解题策略】8\n应用作文在人们的日常生活、工作和学习中运用最为广泛，因此是近几年中考高频书面表达题型之一。它包括书信(明信片)、电子邮件、日记、便条(请假条、留言条、电话记录、贺卡)、通知、启事(失物启事、招领启事、征聘启事)、发言稿等。写作应用文要把握好以下四点：1.确定格式英语中书信、电话留言、e-mail等都有一定的书写格式习惯；而发言稿、值日报告、演讲稿等也有较为固定的格式，开场白一般用Goodmorning/afternoon/evening!Mydearfriends!或者Ladiesandgentlemen!接下来是正文，结束语常用That’sall.Thankyou!Thanksforyourattention.Thanksforlistening.2.确定内容依据内容，列出写作要点，注意不要漏掉所给出的提示内容，同时所给的参考词汇也要全部用上。在语言的使用上，要认真把握。如：若是写发言稿的话，因为发言稿是面向听众的，所以最好使用大众化的语言，做到简洁明快、条理清楚、观点明确。3.确定人称应用文往往采用第一人称的形式。4.确定时态应用文在时态的使用方面，多用一般现在时，当然在具体的写作过程中也会涉及其他的时态，要认真把握好。【题组训练】A(2022·安徽)假定你是王伟，你的英国笔友David来信问及你们学校在暑假期间对学生的要求。请你根据以下要点给他回一封电子邮件。●家庭安全：小心用火用电，外出时关好门窗；●游泳安全：不独自去游泳，不去河、湖游泳；●交通安全:过马路要当心，不在马路上玩耍。提示词：electricity(n.电)注意：1.词数80-100；2.请不要逐句翻译，可适当发挥；3.文中不能出现真实的校名和人名；4.邮件的开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。DearDavid,Gladtoreceiveyoure-mail.Ourschoolhasmademanysafetyrulesforustofollow.Letmetellyousomethingaboutthem.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Ithinktheserulesarenecessaryassafetycomesfirst.Haveagoodsummerholiday!Yours,WangWeiB(2022·河北)请阅读Tony从美国发来的电子邮件，并根据所给提示和要求，以李华的名义回复。HeyLiHua!Howareyoudong?I’vebeenbusysinceIcamebackfromChina.Guesswhat!I’mlearningChinesecooking，andIreallyenjoyit.Onemorething,IhearyouhaveMid-AutumnFestivalinChina.What’sthedateofthefestival?Howdoyoucelebrate?Tony提示：(1)AskTonysomethingabouthisChinesecooking.(2)AnswerhisquestionsaboutMid-AutumnFestival.要求：(1)邮件须包括所有提示内容；(2)邮件中不得涉及真实的人名、校名、地名。开头结尾已给出，不计入总词数；(3)词数60~80。参考词汇：thelunarcalendar(阴历)，mooncake，watchthemoon，thesymbolofreunion(团圆的象征)Hey,Tony!Goodtohearfromyou!It’samazingthatyou’relearning_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Byefornow,LiHuaC(2022·孝感)根据下列提示写一篇80-100词的日记，记录5月1日(星期四)你和Tony一起去参观湖北博物馆的情况。内容提示：1.天气：晴朗；2.距离：距家约六十公里；3.交通工具：公共汽车；4.时间：上午7点出发，下午4点回家；8\n5.内容：参观了许多图片，文物(ancientobjects)等，了解了楚文化……；6.感想：……要求：1.要点齐全，条理清楚，语句通顺，适当发挥，语法正确，书写规范；2.文中不得出现真实校名及姓名，否则不予评分。Thursday，May1stSunny__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________D(2022·武汉)假如你是李明。本周五早上你班同学将去格林农场参加实践活动。请你用英语草拟一则通知。内容要点如下:1.摘蔬菜，给植物浇水;2.7点校门口集合，乘车前往;3.体验农场生活，活动约2小时;4.相互关照，注意安全;5.补充一至两点有关事项。注意:1.词数:60-80;2.不要逐条翻译，内容要连贯;3.通知的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。参考词汇:experiencev.体验pickv.摘activityn.活动Fellowstudents，OurclassaregoingtoGreenFarmthisFridaymorning.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Thankyouforyourattention.8参考答案：写作题型篇◆类型Ⅰ话题作文A）Onepossibleversion:Goodlearnersmusthavegoodways.DiscussinginagroupreallyhelpsmehaveabetterunderstandingofwhatI’velearned.Itbroadensmymindandallowsmemorechancestoexpressmythoughts.Shyandnervous，myclassmateJeffusedtohidehimselfbehindbooks.Answeringquestionsinpublicwasquiteadifficultjobforhim.Onceourmathteacheraskedustosolveadifficultproblem.IencouragedJefftodiscusshisideawithusandwefoundhiswaywassocreative.Thenweadvisedhimtowritehisanswerontheblackboardandexplainittous.Believeitornot，hediditandwesawhisgreatimprovementafterthat.DiscussinginagroupnotonlymakesmeenjoythehappinessofbeingagoodlearnerbutalsodeepensthefriendshipbetweenJeffandme.Knowledgecomesfromcommunicatingandquestioning.Bydiscussing，welearnmorewiselyandbetter.B)Onepossibleversion:MyspecialgrandmaMygrandmaisspecialtomebecausewe’relikefriends.ShealwayshelpsmeoutwheneverIamintrouble.Therearenosecretsbetweenus.WhenIamwithmygrandma，wespendalotofhappytimetogether.Iknowmygrandmaisverysmartbecausesheseemstoknoweverything.Mygrandmaisgoodatmanythings.Onethingshe’sbestatiscooking.Sheoftencooksdeliciousfoodforme.IknowmygrandmalovesmeandIloveheraswell.C)Onepossibleversion:Inourdailylife，Iusuallyseesomebadbehavioraroundus.Forexample，Ioftenhearpeoplespeak8\nandlaughloudlyinpublic.Itistoonoisy.Somepeoplecutinlinewhileothersarewaiting.Itmakesmeunhappy.Andinourschooldininghall，Ioftenseestudentswastefood.Attimes，peopleseemunfriendlyandoffernohelpwhenothersareintrouble.Forme，myparentsarestrictwithme.Theyoftentellmetobehavewell.SoIneverdroplitterabout.AndIneverdrawonthedeskoronthewall.Iampolitetooldpeople.Ithinkifeveryonecanthinkmoreofothers，wewillhaveabetterlivingenvironment.D)OnePossibleVersion:ReadingOutsideClassAsweallknow，readinghasalotofbenefits.Itcanopenupoureyesbecausebooksarefullofknowledge，anditmakesuswiserandricherinlife.Ilikereadingnewspapersandmagazines，fromwhichIgetlotsoffunandlearnaboutwhat’sgoingonaroundtheworld.Ialsoreadstorybooksandnovelsinmysparetimewhichmakemerelaxedandhappy.Iseldomreade-booksbecausethey’rebadforeyes.Onweekends，Iusuallyspendawholeafternoonreadinginthelibrary.AndIalsoreadforabouthalfanhourbeforegoingtobedeverynight.Summervacationiscoming.Iplantodomorereading.IamgoingtoreadmoreclassicsandmoreEnglishbookstoimprovemylanguageskills.I’msurereadingcanmakeadifferencetomylife.◆类型Ⅱ看图作文A)OnePossibleVersion:Televisionhaschangedourlifemuchsinceitwasinvented.Nowithasbecomeoneimportantpartofmodernlife.NancyandVictoraretwins.Theylookthesameinmanyways.Buttheyhavedifferenthobbies.Forexample，theybothlikewatchingTV.Victorlikessports.Helikeswatchingsportsnewsintheevening.NancylikeswatchingTVplays.ButthereisonlyaTVsetintheirfamily.Oneday，itwastimefornews.Victorwantedtowatchnewsfirst.ButNancywantedtowatchherfavoriteTVplay.Theybothwantedtotaketheremotecontrol，thentheyquarreled.Thesoundmadetheirmothercomein.Aftersheknewthereasonwhytheyquarreled.ShetoldVictor，“Victor，youarethebrother，Ibelieveyoucandealwiththething.”Victor’sfaceturnedred，thenhetoldNancy，“Youwatchit，Iwillwatchitnextday.Afterallnewswillbeplayednextday，andTVplayswon’t.”Nancysmiled，sodidmother.B)OnePossibleVersion:HowCaoChongHadtheElephantWeighedCaoCaowasverygladtohavereceivedanelephantasapresent.Hewantedtoknowhowheavytheelephantwas，buttherewasnoscale(秤)bigenoughtoweighsuchahugecreature.Oneday，CaoChongsaidtohisfather.“I’vefoundawaytoweightheelephant.”CaoChongaskedamantoleadtheelephantontoaboat.Whentheboatstoppedsinkingthemandrawalinealongontheboatside.Aftertheelephantwasledaway，CaoChonghadsomemenputstonesintotheboatuntilthewaterreachedtheline.CaoChongaskedthementoweigheachstonefromtheboatandputdownthenumber.“Addupallthenumbersandwewillknowtheweightoftheelephant.”CaoChongsaidtohisfatherwithkindofpride.C）OnePossibleVersion:MotherStopsHimHereisapicturefromanewsreport.Inthepicture，wecanseethreepeople.Anoldwomanislyingontheground.Aboyistryingtoliftherup，buthismotherstopshimatonce.“Don’tdothat!Othersmaythinkit’syouwhohaveknockedherdown，”shesays.Inmyopinion，themother’sbehaviorisnotright.Amothershouldencourageherchildtogiveothers8\nahand.Howcanachildbecomewarm-heartedifheiseducatedinsuchaway?Andtheoldwomanmightfeelworseorevenbehitbythetrafficunlesswemoveherawayintime.Ihopeitwon’thappenagain.Let’strusteachotherandhelpanyoneintrouble.D)OnePossibleVersion:HowtoSpendFreeTimeRecentlymyclassmateshavetalkedabouthowtospendourfreetime.Everyonehashisownway.Alanlikesgoingonlinebecauseithelpshimrelaxalot.Sometimeshedoessomereading.Soniadoesn’thelpherparentswiththehouseworkmuch.Instead，shespendsmostofherfreetimewatchingTV.Ithinkit’sawasteoftimetowatchTVorgoonlineoften.Ipreferreadingsomeinterestingbooks，whichcanmakemylifeenjoyable.Atthesametime，sportsarealsomyfavorite.Ofcourse，whenmyparentsarebusy，Iwillhelpdothechores.Allinall,itisimportanttomakegooduseofourfreetime.Betterhabits,healthierlife.◆类型Ⅲ应用作文A)Onepossibleversion:DearDavid，Gladtoreceiveyoure-mail.Ourschoolhasmademanysafetyrulesforustofollow.Letmetellyousomethingaboutthem.Weareaskedtobecarefulwithelectricitywhenweareusingit.Itisdangeroustoplaywithfire，foritmaycauseterribleaccidents.Weshouldmakesuredoorsandwindowsareshutbeforeweleave.Besides，wearenotallowedtoswimalone，especiallyindeepriversorlakes.Ifwereallywantto，wemustgototheswimmingpoorwithourparentsorteachers.What’smore，followingtrafficrulesisalsoveryimportant.Everyoneshouldwatchoutwhencrossingtheroad.Andourschoolwarnsusnottoplayontheroad.Ithinktheserulesarenecessaryassafetycomesfirst.Haveagoodsummerholiday!Yours，WangWeiB)Onepossibleversion:Hi，Tony!Goodtohearfromyou!It’samazingthatyou’relearningChinesecooking.Whyareyouinterestedinit?Howareyoulearning?Andwhatcanyoucook?Hopetoenjoyyourdishesnexttime!Yes，wereallyhaveMid-AutumnFestival.It’sonAugust15thofthelunarcalendar.It’soneofthemostimportantfestivalsinChina.Allthefamilymembersgettogetherforabigdinnerthatday.Weusuallyeatmooncakeswhilewatchingthemoonatnight.Webelievethefullmoonisthesymbolofreunion.Byefornow，LiHuaC)Onepossibleversion:Thursday，May1stSunnyItwasafineday.TonyandIwenttoHubeiMuseumbybus.Itisaboutsixtykilometersfromhome.Wesetoffatseveno’clock.Whenwearrived，wefeltlikeenteringthe“CountryChu”centuriesago.Therewesawmanyinterestingpicturesandreadtheinstructionsonthewalls.Wealsotookgreatinterestinsomeancientobjects.Allofthemhelpedusknowmoreaboutthehistoryandcustomsof“Chu”.8\nAt4o’clockintheafternoon，wehadtoreturnhome.Whatawonderfuldaywehad!WearehappywiththedevelopmentofHubeiandweareproudofbeingamemberofHubei.D)OnePossibleversion:Fellowstudents，OurclassaregoingtoGreenFarmthisFridaymorning.Wouldyouliketoexperiencelife?Wecanpicksomevegetablesandwatertheplants.We’llstaythereforabout2hours.Ibetthemeaningfulactivitywillmakethetripunforgettable.We’llmeetat7amattheschoolgateandtakeabusthere.Remember，alwaysbewithyourclassmates，helpeachother,andneverdoanythingthatmayhurtyou.Bytheway，you’dbetterwearyoursportsshoes.Haveagoodtime.Thankyouforyourattention.8
