优点英语特殊句式特殊句式比较杂乱，掌握起来有一定的难度。其中倒装句是高考的热点，强调句是高考的难点。同时，祈使句与陈述句的区别、省略与替代的合理运用也是高考考查的重点项目。近三年的高考题更加注重考查知识之间的交叉现象，如在考查强调句的同时考查定语从句，把省略、强调句与时间状语从句、地点状语从句的考查等融合在一起，考查考生综合把握语言知识的能力。【重点、难点】一、倒装句(一)完全倒装(FullInversion)谓语动词完全放在主语之前的句子便是完全倒装句。这类句型主要有：1．表示方式、方位的副词或介词短语，如here,there,up,down,in,away,off,out,intheroom,onthewall等，置于句首，且主语是名词时。如：InalecturehallofauniversityinEnglandsitsaprofessor.在英格兰一所大学的讲堂里坐着一位教授。Southoftheriverliesasmallfactory.一个小型工厂坐落在河的南岸。Outrushedthechildren.孩子们冲了出去。2．such置于句首时。如：SuchwasAlbertEinstein,asimplemanandthe20thcentury'sgreatestscientist.这就是艾伯特·爱因斯坦，一个朴实的人，也是20世纪最伟大的科②如果notuntil引导的是句子，until从句不可倒装，只是主句需要倒装。hardly...when...，nosooner...than...“刚……就……”等引导两个句子时，前一个句子用部分倒装，后一个句子不倒装。Hardly/Scarcelyhadheheardthenewswhenhebegantocry.他一听到这个消息就哭了。,优点英语(二)形式倒装(FormalInversion)形式上的倒装在语法上称为前置。它的特点是，只把强调的内容提至句首，主谓并不倒装。这样的结构较多，但尤其要注意as,though引导让步状语从句时采用形式倒装的情况。1．表语的倒装Tiredas/thoughhewas,hestillwentonwithhiswork.尽管他很累，他还是继续工作。2．谓语动词的倒装Tryashemight，hedidn'tpasstheexam.尽管很用功，但他考试还是不及格。3．状语的倒装Muchashelikesthebike,hedoesn'twanttobuyit.他虽然很喜欢那辆自行车，但不想买它。警示如果是单数名词或形容词的最高级作表语，不再用冠词。如：Childasheis,heknowsalot.尽管他是孩子，但他懂得很多。Youngestasheisinourclass,hespeaksEnglishthebest.他虽然是我们班年龄最小的，但英语说得最好。1.Foramomentnothinghappened.Then________allshoutingtogether.A．voiceshadcomeB．camevoicesC．voiceswouldcomeD．didvoicescome2.Notonly________thenurseswantapayincrease,theywantreducedhoursaswell.3.Onlywhenheapologizesforhisrudeness________tohimagain.(Iwillspeak,willIspeak)4.Notonce________toMichaelthathecouldonedaybecomeatopstudentinhisclass.(itoccurred,diditoccur)5.Neverbefore________seenanybodywhocanplaytennisaswellasRobert. A．hadsheB．shehadC．hassheD．shehas【归纳总结】,优点英语完全倒装与部分倒装(1)完全倒装：当状语here，there，down，up，now，out，off等方位副词或介词短语intheroom，ontheway等置于句首时，句子全部倒装，但当主语是代词时，主谓不倒装。(2)部分倒装：①only修饰副词、介词短语、状语从句，且放在句首时；②否定词、半否定词never，nor，neither，hardly，seldom，little等置于句首时；③so/nor/neither＋助动词或情态动词＋主语，表示也(不)……；④So＋adj./adv.＋助动词或情态动词＋主语that...⑤Notonly...，butalso...连接句子时，Notonly后是主谓倒装，butalso后是正常语序。 二、强调Itis/was＋被强调部分＋that＋句子剩余成分(一)强调人时可用who/that来连接，强调事物时用that来连接。被强调的可以是单词、短语，也可以是从句，但结构必须完整。被强调的成分可以是主语、宾语和状语，但不能是定语或谓语。如：ItisIwho/thatamright.我才是对的。(强调主语)(二)强调句的特殊句式强调句的特殊句式结构构成一般疑问句Is/Wasit＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分？特殊疑问句特殊疑问词＋is/wasit＋that＋句子其他部分？notuntil句式Itis/wasnotuntil...＋that＋句子其他部分,优点英语not...but...句式Itisnot...＋that...，but.../Itisnot...but...that...Wasitin1939thattheSecondWorldWarbrokeout?第二次世界大战是在1939年爆发的吗？Whenwasitthatyoucalledmeyesterday?你昨天给我打电话是什么时候？Whatisitthatyouwantmetodo?你要我做什么？Ididn'trealizeshewasafamousfilmstaruntilshetookoffherdarkglasses.→ItwasnotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesthatIrealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.直到她摘掉墨镜我才认出她是著名影星。(三)用助动词do，does或did来强调谓语动词，用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定的陈述句中，do还可以用于祈使句。Dobecarefulwhilecrossingthestreet.过马路时一定要当心。1.Youarewaitingatawrongplace.Itisatthehotel________thecoachpicksuptourists.2.Bachdiedin1750，butitwasnotuntiltheearly19thcentury________hismusicalgiftwasfullyrecognized.A．whileB．thoughC．thatD．after3.ItwaswhenwewerereturninghomeIrealizedwhatagoodfeelingitwastohavehelpedsomeoneintrouble.4.Itwastheculture,ratherthanthelanguage,________madeithardforhimtoadapttothenewenvironmentabroad.5.Itwasnotuntilneartheendoftheletter________shementionedherownplan.6.Itwasonlyafterhehadreadthepapers________Mr.Grossrealizedthetaskbeforehimwasextremelydifficulttocomplete.7.ItwasnotuntilIcamehere________Irealizedthisplacewasfamousfornotonlyitsbeautybutalsoitsweather.A．whoB．thatC．whereD．before,优点英语8.WasitbecauseJackcamelateforschool________Mr.Smithgotangry?9.Itisnothowmuchwedobuthowmuchloveweputintowhatwedo________benefitsourworkmost.A．whoB．whichC．thatD．what【归纳总结】1．被强调部分是人时，连接词that/who；非人时，用that。2．特殊疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that/who＋其他部分。3．含not...until...的强调句型为：Itis/wasnotuntil＋被强调的部分＋that/who＋其他部分。4．把句子中的“Itis/was...that/who”去掉之后，句子依然成立，就是强调句，否则就不是强调句。5．如果需要强调谓语，应用助动词do，does或did。 三、省略(一)定语从句中作宾语的关系代词that,which,whom常可以省略。(二)状语从句中的省略现象1．当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句中含be动词时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词。Once(hewas)ateacher,henowworksinagovernmentoffice.While(Iwas)walkingalongthestreet,Iheardmynamecalled.当我正在沿着大街走时，我听见有人叫我的名字。Theexhibitionismoreinterestingthan(itwas)expected.展览比预料的更有趣。Heopenedhislipsasif(hewere)tospeak.他张了张嘴好像有话要说。2．当从句中的主语是it，谓语动词中又含有系动词be时，可以把it和系动词be一起省略。此时构成连词(if,unless,when,whenever)＋形容词。如：Unless(itis)necessary,you'dbetternotrefertothedictionary.如果没必要，你最好别查词典。,优点英语另外，我们还可以用so或not代替上文内容，此时可有“if＋so/not”省略句式：Ifso和Ifnot。Hemaynotbeathomethen.Ifso(Ifheisnotathome),leavehimanote.他那时也许不在家。如果不在家的话，给他留下个便条。(三)不定式的省略1．单独使用不定式符号to，代替动词不定式后被省略的动词，常用在beafraid,expect,forget,hope,intend,like,love,mean,prefer,refuse,seem,try,want,wish等后边。如：Iaskedhimtoseethefilm,buthedidn'twantto.2．否定形式的省略用notto。—ShallIgoinsteadofhim?—Ipreferyounotto.——我可以代替他去吗？——我宁可你不去。3．如果不定式中含有be，have，havebeen，通常保留be，have和havebeen。如：—Areyouasailor?—No,butIusedtobe.——你是个海员吗？——不是，但我以前是。—Hehasn'tfinishedyet.—Well,heoughttohave.——他还没完成。——哦，他早该完成了。(四)宾语从句中的省略,优点英语1．由which,when,where,how和why引导的宾语从句，可全部或部分省去，只保留引导词。Pleasepassmeoneofthesebooks,Idon'tcarewhich(youpassme)．请递给我一本书，随便哪一本。Hewillcomeback,buthedoesn'tknowwhen(hewillcomeback)．他会回来的，但他不知道什么时候回来。2．由that引导的宾语从句，连词that可省略，若带有多个宾语从句，只有第一个that可省略，其余不能。Hesaid(that)thetextwasveryimportantandthatweshouldlearnitbyheart.他说这篇课文非常重要，我们应该背下来。四、主谓一致(一)并列主语的主谓一致1．两个单数名词用and连接，表示两个不同的概念时，谓语动词常用复数形式。如：TomandJackwereclosefriends.汤姆和杰克是亲密的朋友。2．两个单数名词用and连接，表示同一人、同一物、同一个概念或表示不可分割的整体时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。如：Thesingeranddanceristoattendoureveningparty.那位歌舞演员将参加我们的晚会。3．被every,each,manya,no等限定的单数名词由and连接时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。其中，后一个限定词可省略。如：Eachboyand(each)girlhasanapple.每个男孩和每个女孩都有一个苹果。1.Itisimportanttorememberthatsuccess________asumofsmalleffortsmadeeachdayandoften________yearstoachieve.A．is；takesB．are；takes,优点英语C．are；takeD．is；take2.Allweneed________(be)asmallpieceoflandwherewecanplantvariouskindsoffruittreesthroughoutthegrowingseasonsoftheyear.3.Look!Fromoppositethestreet________，screaminginpanic.(twokidsarecoming,cometwokids)4.—Don'tmakesuchanoiseagain.—Sorry.Oh,look,away________(fly)therestofthebirds!5.Walmart，whichisoneofthelargestAmericansupermarketchains，________someofitsstoresopen24hoursonMondaysthroughSaturdays.A．keepsB．keepC．havekeptD．hadkept6.Allthescientificevidence________thatincreasinguseofchemicalsinfarming________damagingourhealth.A．show；areB．shows；areC．show；isD．shows；is【归纳总结】“主谓一致”三原则(1)语法一致原则主语和谓语通常在语法形式上一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词也采用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词也采用复数形式。(2)意义一致原则意义一致原则是指从意义着眼来解决主谓一致问题。有时主语形式上为单数，但意义上却是复数，那么谓语根据意义也用复数形式；而有时主语形式上为复数，但意义上却是单数，那么谓语根据意义亦用单数形式。如有些集合名词，如public，goverment，family，class，team，group等。(3)就近原则就近原则是指谓语动词的人称和数常常与其邻近的名词或代词保持一致。常出现在这类句子中的有or，either...or，neither...nor，notonly...butalso，not...but等。 ,优点英语随堂练习一．倒装句Ⅰ.单句填空1.Janewon’tjoinusfordinnertonightandneither Tom. 2.Try shemight,Suecouldn’tgetthedooropen. 3.Johnopenedthedoor.There (stand)agirlhehadneverseenbefore. 4.—Iseveryonehere?—Notyet...Look,there (come)therestofourguests! Ⅱ.句型转换5.Ihaveneverhadsuchaspecialdrinkbefore!(改为倒装句) 6.Theyreachedadecisiononlyaftertheyhaddiscussedthematterforseveralhours.(改为倒装句) 7.Hedidn’tbegintoknowhowimportantthefamilywasforhimuntilhelefthishome.(改为倒装句) 8.Chongqing,oneofthelargestcitiesinChina,liesatthemeetingplaceoftheYangtzeRiverandJialingRiver.(改为倒装句) 9.ThepowerofTVthatitcanmakeapersonsuddenlyfamousissuch.(改为倒装句) 10.Althoughhewasunsatisfiedwiththepayment,hetookthejobjusttogetsomeworkexperience.(改为倒装句) ,优点英语11.HerbusinesswassosuccessfulthatMariewasabletosetupnewbrancheselsewhere.(改为倒装句) 二 其他特殊句式Ⅰ.单句填空1. astrangeplant!I’veneverseenitbefore. 2.Wasitonalonelyisland hewassavedonemonthaftertheboatwentdown? 3.Itoldthemnoteverybodycouldrunasfastasyoudid, I? 4.Hemustbehelpingtheoldmantowatertheflowers, he? 5.Pleasedomeafavor— (invite)myfriendMr.SmithtoYouthTheaterat7:30tonight. 6.Ifyouhaveajob, devoteyourselftoitandfinallyyou’llsucceed. Ⅱ.单句改错7.Itisnotwhoisrightbutwhatisrightwhichisofimportance. 8.Thelittleboycameridingfullspeeddownthemotorwayonhisbicycle.Howadangeroussceneitwas! 9.Whenyou’vefinishedthatbook,don’tforgettoputitbackontheshelf,doyou? 10.Therewasaloudscreamfromthebackstageimmediatelyaftertheconcertended,wasn’tit? 11.Knockingatthedoorbeforeenteringplease. 12.Loseonehourinthemorningoryouwillbelookingforittherestoftheday. Ⅲ.句型转换13.Notuntilthemotorbikelookedalmostnewdidhestoprepairingandcleaningit.(就画线部分进行强调,改为强调句) ,优点英语 14.Ifyouhelpotherswheneveryoucan,youwillmaketheworldanicerplacetolivein.(改为“祈使句+and+陈述句”句式) 二题组一1.(2016江苏,34)Notuntilrecently theyencouragethedevelopmentoftourist-relatedactivitiesintheruralareas. 2.(2015天津,3)OnlywhenLilywalkedintotheoffice sherealizethatshehadleftthecontractathome. 题组二 其他特殊句式1.(2018北京,8)Inanyunsafesituation,simply thebuttonandahighly-trainedagentwillgetyouthehelpyouneed. 2.(2016天津,13)Youarewaitingatawrongplace.Itisatthehotel thecoachpicksuptourists. 3.(2015北京,31)If (accept)forthejob,you’llbeinformedsoon. 4.(2015湖南,24)Videogamescanbeapoorinfluenceif (leave)inthewronghands. 5.(2015湖南,31)Always (keep)inmindthatyourmaintaskistogetthiscompanyrunningsmoothly. 6.(2020届安徽“江淮十校”联考一,64)PsychologistAdrianNorthfromCurtinUniversityinAustraliasaysthere (be)twogroupsofpossibleexplanationsforwhyweenjoylisteningtosadmusiclikethis:onefromsocialpsychology,andonefromcognitiveneuroscience(认知神经科学). 7.(2020届重庆巴蜀中学月考一,64)ItwasbecauseofthistypeofChinesecooking ChinesecuisinewasgraduallyknownintheUnitedStates.
