优点英语名词性从句名词性从句是常考的语法项目，主要考查对连接词的正确把握。分析历年各地的高考试题不难发现，连接代词what的用法是考查的热点。另外，在同位语从句中，经常考查that的用法。除此之外，其他连接词的用法以及从句的语序也时有考查。【重点、难点】一、几种易混的从句的辨别定语从句、名词性从句和状语从句有时候在形式上很相似，下面提供一些区分的方法：1．定语从句与同位语从句定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰的关系；而同位语从句是用来说明前面名词的内容的。that在定语从句中充当句子成分，可指物或人；而同位语从句中的that在从句中不充当任何句子成分，只起连接作用。请比较：(1)Thenews(that/which)hetolduswasexciting.(定语从句，that/which在从句中作宾语，还可以被省略)(2)Thenewsthatourteamhaswonisexciting.(同位语从句，that从句是说明news的内容的，that在从句中不作任何成分，但不能被省略)辨析判断是定语从句还是同位语从句可以用“加词”的方法，即在名词和从句之间加入一个be动词，如果句子意思成立，则是同位语从句，否则，则是定语从句。如上面第二句，加上be动词后：Thenewsisthatourteamhaswon.句子意思成立，所以是同位语从句。而第一句，加上be动词后：Thenewsisthathetoldus.意思不成立，因此不是同位语从句。【特别提醒】,优点英语一般情况下，同位语从句紧跟在它所说明的名词的后面，可是有的时候，为了表达的需要，名词与从句之间被另外一些内容分隔开了，叫做“分隔同位语从句”。对于这类同位语从句，一定要根据句意，找准它所说明的名词。2．定语从句与状语从句请看两组句子：第一组：区分such...as...和such...that...(1)ThenewstorybookiswritteninsucheasyEnglishasbeginnerscanunderstand.(2)ThenewstorybookiswritteninsucheasyEnglishthatbeginnerscanunderstandit.这两句话只有一词之差，但语法结构大相径庭：第一句是as引导的定语从句，as相当于that/which(但不能用that/which)，在从句中作understand的宾语。第二句是结果状语从句，that在从句中不作成分。结论：当从句缺少句子成分时，用such...as...；当从句不缺少句子成分时，用such...that...。第二组：选用inwhich,where填空(1)Heleftthekey______hehadbeenanhourbefore.(2)Helefttheplace______helivedformanyyears.分析：第一句只能填where,where引导的是地点状语从句，修饰主句中的谓语动词。此处where不可换成inwhich，因为inwhich只能引导定语从句，本句中根本就没有先行词(后面的从句不是修饰key的)。第二句填where或inwhich。根据句意可知，后面的句子是对名词place的修饰，因此此句是定语从句。二、that与what的区别that引导名词性从句，在从句中不作任何成分，that本身无意义，只起连接作用。what引导名词性从句时，在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语等，what表示“……的东西或事情”。请比较：WhatIneedismoretime.(what引导主语从句，在从句中作宾语)ThatIneedmoretimetodotheworkisveryclear.(that引导主语从句，在从句中不作任何成分)Thevillageisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.(what引导表语从句，在从句中作表语),优点英语Ihadnoideawhatweshoulddonext.(what引导同位语从句，在从句中作宾语)HewilltelluswhathesawinLondon.(what引导宾语从句，在从句中作宾语)精析名词性从句中区分that与what的关键是：分析句子结构，看从句是否缺少句子成分。如果不缺成分，就用that，如果缺少句子成分(主语、宾语、表语等)，且表示“……的东西或事情”就用what。三、who,whoever与nomatterwho的区别引导名词性从句，在句中作主语时用who，意思是“谁”，含有疑问意味，whoever意为“无论谁”，不含有疑问意味。whoever在引导名词性从句时，相当于anyonewho，其中who引导一个定语从句紧随其后。另外，whoever还可以引导让步状语从句，这时whoever相当于nomatterwho，但是nomatterwho只能引导让步状语从句。请比较：1．Whohastakenawaymybagisunknown.谁拿走了我的包还不知道。(若用whoever显然句意不通)2．Whoeverbreaksthelawwillbepunished.无论谁违反法律都要受到惩罚。(whoever表达的语气强烈)3．I'mnotgoingtoletyouin,nomatterwhoyouare.＝I'mnotgoingtoletyouin,whoeveryouare.(根据句意“我不会让你进去的，不管你是谁”，后面是一个让步状语从句，故用nomatterwho或者whoever)【特别提醒】wh－ever既可引导名词性从句，又可引导让步状语从句。引导名词性从句时，whoever＝anyonewho;whomever＝anyonewhom;whatever＝anythingthat;whichever＝anything/anyonethat;whosever＝anyonewhose。Whicheverhelikeswillbegiventohim.＝Anythingthathelikeswillbegiventohim.无论他想要哪个都可以给他。,优点英语Youshouldgivethebookbacktowhosevername(＝anyonewhosename)isonthecoverofit.你该把书还给任何一个他的名字在封面上的人。【方法技巧】做题时，具体思路如下：①通读全句，首先考虑是不是某种句型，如强调句型；②题干句若是疑问句，首先把它恢复为正常语序；③观察设空的前前后后，确定相关从句的性质；④确定从句性质后，回忆相关从句的用法特点，从而作出取舍；⑤注意标点符号和并列连词(and,but)的作用；⑥将选项代入句子，看前后是否语意贯通。题组一1.________isknowntousallisthatWantMenggotthreegoldenmedalsinVancouverWinterOlympics.2.Yoursupportisimportanttoourwork.________youcandohelps.A.HoweverB.WhoeverC.WhateverD.Wherever3.Somepeoplebelievehashappenedbeforeorishappeningnowwillrepeatitselfinthefuture.4.Thequestionisnot________acountryhasanaircraftcarrier,but________acountrydoeswiththeaircraftcarrier.5.I'dliketostartmyownbusiness—that's________I'ddoifIhadthemoney.A．whyB．whenC．whichD．what6.I'mafraidhe'smoreofatalkerthanadoer，whichis________heneverfinishesanything.A．thatB．whenC．whereD．why7.PartofthereasonCharlesDickenslovedhisownnovel，DavidCopperfield，was________itwasrathercloselymodeledonhisownlife.A．whatB．thatC．whyD．whether【拓展提高】1．引导词有连词that(that不可省)，whether；代词有who，whom，what，which；副词when，where，how，why等。如：,优点英语Theproblemisthatwedidn'tgetintouchwithhim.2．asif，because也可引导表语从句。ItwasbecauseIgotuplate.注意：①当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。例如：Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedthetrainthismorning.②whether可引导表语从句，但与之同义的if却通常不用于引导表语从句。题组二Ⅰ.单句填空1.Theimpactandultimateresultdependon youdowiththedifficultiesthatyouhave. 2.Theidealnapdependson youwantfromthatnap. 3.InMartin’sworld,wearenotsure thegoodwillwinintheendornot. 4.Itispossible caffeinemaycausebirthdefects(缺陷)inhumans,too. 5.It’strue TCMisoneoftheoldesthealingsystemsontheplanet. 6.Theriseinsalesoftranslatedfictionshows hungrysomanyBritishreadersareforterrificwritingfromothercountries. 7.Darwinwonderedagreatdealabout hesaw. 8.It’stimetostartbyreadingaloudto mightlikeit. 9.Actually,childrenlearnviolentbehaviorfromadultsorfrom theyseeontelevisionorontheInternet. 10.Doyouknow astorygetsintothenewspaper?Hereisanexample. 11.Manypeoplesaytheyareimpressedbyhowinterestingtheshowisand theycan’tstoplaughingwhentheywatchit. ,优点英语12.Somepeopletoldstoriesaboutoldtimes,andotherswrotedown theyremembered. 13.After seemedtobeahundredyears,Ifoundmyaudienceapplauding—Imadeit! 14.Statisticsshow over200billionyuanisspenteveryyearonfoodthatendsupinthegarbage. Ⅱ.单句改错15.It’sagoodthingwhichtheridelastedforonly15minutes.Nomoreairridesforme,Iswear! 16.Whileitwasstillnecessaryformyparentstosupportmeeconomicallyandmentallyatthattime,IwasoldenoughtothinkanddecidebymyselfwhichIshoulddo. 17.ItremindsusthatitwasthestrugglesandsacrificesofourforefathersthatsavedChina,soweteenagersmustcherishthefruitsofthevictory,treasurethatweownnowandpreservenationalpride. 18.Afterlivingatschool,Ifoundithelpedmesavetimeandlearnwhattogetonwithothers. 题组三1.(2019江苏,25)Scientistshaveobtainedmoreevidence plasticisfindingitswayintothehumanbody. 2.(2018北京,11)Withouthissupport,wewouldn’tbe wearenow. 3.(2018北京,15)Thisis myfatherhastaughtme—toalwaysfacedifficultiesandhopeforthebest. 4.(2018天津,9)Thegoldmedalwillbeawardedto winsthefirstplaceinthebicyclerace. 5.(2017北京,23)Everyyear, makesthemostbeautifulkitewillwinaprizeintheKiteFestival. 6.(2017天津,4)Sheaskedme Ihadreturnedthebookstothelibrary,andIadmittedthatIhadn’t. 7.(2017江苏,26)Wechoosethishotelbecausethepriceforanighthereisdownto$20,halfof itusedtocharge. 8.(2017北京,26)Janemovedaimlesslydownthetree-linedstreet,notknowing shewasheading. 9.(2016北京,29)Themostpleasantthingoftherainyseasonis onecanbeentirelyfreefromdust. 10.(2016天津,11)Themanagerputforwardasuggestion weshouldhaveanassistant.Thereistoomuchworktodo. ,优点英语11.(2016江苏,21)Itisoftenthecase anythingispossibleforthosewhohangontohope. 12.(2015北京,33)Itrulybelieve beautycomesfromwithin. 13.(2015北京,35) weunderstandthingshasalottodowithwhatwefeel. 14.(2015江苏,25) LiBai,agreatChinesepoet,wasbornisknowntothepublic,butsomewon’tacceptit. 15.(2015重庆,8)Wemustfindout Karliscoming,sowecanbookaroomforhim. 16.(2015安徽,25)Ashipinharborissafe,butthat’snot shipsarebuiltfor. 17.(2015湖南,26)Youhavetoknow you’regoingifyouaretoplanthebestwayofgettingthere. 18.(2015陕西,19)Readingherbiography,Iwaslostinadmirationfor DorisLessinghadachievedinliterature. 19.(2015四川,8)Theexhibitiontellsus weshoulddosomethingtostopairpollution. 题组四1.(2020届河北邢台摸底一,61)Expertsthinktheymigratedfrom isnowRussiaacrossalandbridgecalledtheBeringStraitduringthelastIceAge. 2.(2020届河南许昌高级中学月考一,41)Thekingwassocleverthathethoughtofagoodwaytotest hismenwerereliable. 3.(2020届湖南衡阳四中8月月考,67) surprisedusmostwasthatherworksofartsoonbecamefamousandwereondisplayintheBritishMuseum. 4.(2020届浙江嘉兴基础检测,56)Nowthatsummerisfinallyhere,familiesarepreparingfor theyexpecttobeagreatvacationawayfromthedailyroutines. 5.(2020届湖南长沙明德中学9月月考,70)I’malreadylookingforwardtotheirnextvisitwhenIcanshowthemmoreof SevilleoffersandwhatIamstillyettodiscover. 6.(2020届湖北黄冈9月质检,64)Scientistsdon’tknowforsure thisishappening.Pesticidesandparasites(寄生虫)arethemostsuspectedreasons. 7.(2020届河北大名一中9月月考,69)Soifyouareunsureandstillwondering thechocolatedietreally,优点英语doesworkornot,thenitpaystomakeanappointmentwithyourdieticianordoctor. 8.(2019湖南浏阳六校联考,64)AtypicalChineseweddingnowadaysgoeslikethis:whenanewcoupleisengaged, followsisachoiceofthedateoftheirmarriage. 9.(2019河南洛阳期中考试,69)AfterbeingdesignatedasthefirstspecialeconomiczoneinChina, wasonceafishingvillagehasrapidlybecomeanemergingmoderncity. 10.(2019吉林省吉林市一调,69)Theidealnapdependson youwantfromthatnap. 11.(2019河北衡水中学一调,65)Thereisnodoubt theeventwillattractmorevisitorstoenjoyvisitingthiswonderfulcity. 12.(2019湖北重点高中联考协作体期中考试,62)Expertsholdtheopinion asmallamountofstresscanbegoodinexams. 13.(2018辽宁重点高中协作校监测,41)Annsteppedoutsideherfrontdoortosee theweatherwaslike. 14.(2018四川雅安中学一次月考,66)WhenRoserealized thegiftwas,shewasintotalshock. 题组五Itwasreported 1 therewasanaccidentatthecornerofRomanStreetthismorning.Noonesaw 2 onearthhappenedthen.Acarranintoatruckbutfortunately,nobodygotinjured. 3 isresponsiblefortheaccidentisstillunderinvestigation.Thepoliceareuncertainabout 4 thedriverisguilty. 5 thepoliceshoulddonowis 6 theymustfindoutwhatledtotheaccident.Theysaiditwasdifficultforthemtojudgebecause 7 theaccidenthappenedwasnotclear.Perhapsthereasonwas 8 thedriverwastootiredtostopthecarintime.Thedriverdidn’tadmitthefact 9 hewasdrivingtoofastattheturning.Thepolicedoubted 10 whathesaidwastrueanddecidedtomakeafurtherinvestigation.
