优点英语被动语态被动语态一般现在时:is/am/aredone一般过去时:was/weredone一般将来时:willbedone过去将来时:wouldbedone现在进行时:is/am/arebeingdone过去进行时:was/werebeingdone现在完成时:have/hasbeendone过去完成时:hadbeendone情态动词:can/may/must...bedone英语的语态有两种，即主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态表主语是动作的承受者。此主要讲被动语态。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，表示句子中主语是动作的承受者，也就是动作的对象。一般说来，只有及物动词（短语）才有被动语态。汉语常用“被”“受”“给”“遭”“挨”等词来表被动意义。动作执行者一般由介词by引出。被动语态结构为:“助动词be+过去分词+by+动作执行者+with+工具”。被动语态的时态是通过be动词变化的。被动语态的使用场合：①强调动作承受者；②动作发出者未知或不便说出；③科技英语中较多使用。被动语态共有十种时态（以动词do为例）一般完成进行现在am/is/aredonehave/hasbeendoneam/is/arebeingdone过去was/weredonehadbeendonewas/werebeingdone将来shall/willbedoneshall/willhavebeendone过去将来should/wouldbedoneshould/wouldhavebeendone,优点英语说明将来进行时、过去将来进行时、完成进行时，没有被动语态。上表被动语态的10种时态中，将来完成时和过去将来完成时均不常用，故其常用时态只有8种，外加含情态动词句式的被动语态。各种时态的被动语态例句：1.一般现在时：①Footballisplayedallovertheworld.②Youarewantedonthephone.③Englishiswidelyspokenintheworld.④Heisoftenpunished.2一般过去时：①Thebridgewasbuiltin1975.②Thehousewasdestroyedintheearthquake.③Hewaspraisedyesterday.3.一般将来时：①Thebabywillbetakentohospitalsoon.②Ourlabwillbebuiltinamonth.③Ishallbegivenachance.4.过去将来时：①Iknewtheboywouldbetakengoodcareofinthere.②Hesaidhewouldbecriticizedforwhathedid.5.现在完成时：①Hehasbeengivenachance.②Ihavebeentoldthenews．③Thebookhasbeentranslatedintomanylanguages.6.过去完成时：①Hesaidhehadbeengivenachance.②By1960,100schoolshadbeensetup.③Itwassaidthatthebookhadalreadybeentranslatedintomanylanguages.7．现在进行时：①Thebuildingisbeingbuilt.②Heisbeingbeatenbyhismother.,优点英语8.过去进行时：WhenIwenttothecity,ahighbuildingwasbeingbuilt.m注意①有些短语动词在意义上相当于及物动词，也有被动语态如：Thechildrentherearetakengoodcareof.Adoctorwassentfor.Womenarenotlookeddownuponnow.②含情态动词的被动结构是“情态动词+be+过去分词”：Everythingthatcanbedonehasbeendone.Heshouldhavebeenpunished.Thethingmustbehandedin.▲被动语态的其他表达形式1.get+过去分词：多用于口语和非正式场合，强调动作的结果。有时带有不愉快、不顺利的含义。Hegotwoundedinabattle.Youmightgetburnt.注意这种被动语态句型的否定和疑问要借助do构成:Didyougetscoldedyesterday?你昨天挨批评了吗？2.become+过去分词：强调动作的全过程。Hebecameseizedwithadeepsorrow.他陷入了深深的忧伤之中。▲被动语态的变异：用主动语态表达被动意义1)某些表状态特征的连系动词如：smell,taste,feel,sound,look,prove等，用主动形式表达被动意义。Thefishtastedgood.Cottonfeelssoft.Yourwordssoundreasonable.Histheoryprovedcorrect.,优点英语2)某些不及物动词（其主语大多为事物）可以表达被动意义，这些不及物动词有下列几种：①某些可以用来表示主语内在“品质”或“性能”的不及物动词:shut,lock,open,move,read,write,sell,wear,blow,wash,clean,burn,catch,draw,peel,cut,tear,dry等，并通常接easily,well,perfectly等副词。如：Theclothwashedwell.（易洗）Thebookdoesn'tsellwell.（不好销）Woodburnseasily.（易燃）Thedoorblowsopen.门给吹开了。②无被动语态的动词：不及物动词；某些及物动词：have（有）,possess（拥有）,lack（缺乏）,suit（合适）,fit（合适）,equal（相等）,resemble（长得像）,hold（容纳）,beg（请求）,fail（不及格）,contain（包含）,last（持续）,cost（花费）以及以be-/out-为前缀的及物动词等。表发生的动词：happen,occur,takeplace（发生）,breakout（爆发）。其他一些动词：spread（传播），belongto（属于），runout等。Whathappenedtoyou?TheSecondWorldWarbrokeoutin1939.③表开始、运动、结束的动词：begin,finish,start,open,close,stop,run等：Workbeganat7thismorning.随堂练习一Ⅰ.单句填空1.Sincetheverybeginning,thetechnologicalbaseneededfor5G (consider). 2.Thesedamsaresometimessixorsevenhundredfeetinlength,andthey (construct)sodelicatelythattheylookmoreliketheworkofmanthanoflittledumbbeasts. ,优点英语3.Later,Nelson (award)thePresidentialMedalofFreedominrecognitionofhiswork. 4.Overtheyearsthetopicswhichwerecontroversialatthetime (discuss)anddebated. Ⅱ.单句改错5.Everyoneofyouareencouragedtovisitit. 6.Thevoluntaryactivitywasofferedusanopportunitytocontributetooursociety. 7.Whenwearrived,wewerewarmlywelcomebythem. 8.Sincelastwinter,thesmoghasbeenoccurredalotoftimes. 二1.(2019江苏,33)Theyaretryingtomakesurethat5Gterminals (install)by2022fortheBeijingWinterOlympics. 2.(2019天津,8)Amy,aswellasherbrothers, (give)awarmwelcomewhenreturningtothevillagelastweek. 3.(2018天津,13)Mywashingmachine (repair)thisweek,soIhavetowashmyclothesbyhand. 4.(2018江苏,30)Iwassenttothevillagelastmonthtoseehowthedevelopmentplan (carry)outinthepasttwoyears. 5.(2017北京,29)Inthe1950sintheUSA,mostfamilieshadjustonephoneathome,andwirelessphones (invent)yet. 6.(2017天津,6)Nowadays,cycling,alongwithjoggingandswimming, (regard)asoneofthebestall-roundformsofexercise. 7.(2017江苏,27)Hehurriedhome,neveroncelookingbacktoseeifhe (follow). 8.(2016北京,30)Thestudentshavebeenworkinghardontheirlessonsandtheirefforts (reward)withsuccessintheend. 9.(2015天津,9)Despitethepreviousroundsoftalks,noagreement (reach)sofarbythetwosides. ,优点英语10.(2015北京,22)—Didyouenjoytheparty?—Yes.We (treat)wellbyourhosts. 11.(2015安徽,29)Itisreportedthataspacestation (build)onthemooninyearstocome. 12.(2015福建,26)Tomydelight,Iwas (choose)fromhundredsofapplicantstoattendtheopeningceremony. 三1.(2020届河北邢台摸底一,67)AftertheUnitedStateswontheMexican-AmericanWarin1848,NewMexicobecameanAmericanterritory.In1912,it (declare)the47thstate. 2.(2020届河南天一大联考阶段检测Ⅰ,62)Inthebeginning,writtenChinesewasapicture-basedlanguage.Itdatesbackseveralthousandyearstotheuseofanimalbonesandshellsonwhichsymbols (carve)byancientChinesepeople. 3.(2020届河南九师联盟9月质检,62)ItwillbethefirstUSrollercoasterknownforafree-fallverticaldrop,whichtotals17feet.Visitors (cast)65feetintheairatamorethan70degreeangleandthenimmediatelydropbackwardinonemovement. 4.(2020届山西太原五中9月月考,49)In1976,he (rank)astheworld’ssecondrecognizablecelebrity. 5.(2020届黑龙江大庆铁人中学开学考试,69)Scientistssaymonarchswillbeindangerofdyingoutinthenext20yearsifnothing (do)tosavethem. 6.(2019海南儋州一次统测,66)AccordingtoTheOxfordGuidetoContemporaryWorldLiterature,JinYong’snovels (consider)tobeofveryhighquality. 7.(2019安徽A10联盟阶段考试,61)TheWorldWideWebiscomposedofdifferentwebsites,which (create)bypeopleandorganizationsaroundtheworld. 8.(2018吉林百校联盟上学期联考,65)Onceyourbrain (disturb)bysomeotheractivities,youmayactuallygetsleepyagain. 9.(2018湖南师大附中月考一,68)Advicewhich (give)withoutbeingaskedforiscalled‘unsolicitedadvice’inEnglish,namely‘notrequestedadvice’. ,优点英语四1.(2020届安徽“江淮十校”联考一)Besides,Ihavebeenaskedourteacherforaday’sleave.SoIwillnotbepresentintomorrow’sclass. 2.(2020届福建永安一中、漳平一中联考一)Firstofall,IhadgraduatedfromAnhuiUniversityonemonthago. 3.(2020届甘肃天水一中一次考试)RecentlyIhavetakenaninterestincookingsoIsuggestthattheschoolorganizesacooking-learningactivitytoteachstudentstopreparesomedeliciousfood. 4.(2020届贵州贵阳8月摸底)Amonthlyactivityisholdingforstudentstoexchangetheirideasaboutreading. 5.(2020届河南顶级名校期初摸底)HavingstayedinEuropeforhalfamonth,Ibeguntomissmyhometown. 6.(2020届河南许昌高中月考一)Intheafternoonwehadheldagrown-upceremonyforourcoming18-year-oldbirthday. 7.(2020届黑龙江大庆铁人中学开学考试)Asanoldsayinggo,“Thefirstwealthishealth.” 8.(2019湖北孝感一中、应城一中等五校期中联考)Oneofmyfriendshavesentmeashortmessage,sayingthattruefriendsareonesoulintwobodies,whichmovesmeverymuchandmakesmethinkwhattruefriendshipis. 9.(2019湖北宜昌示范性高中协作体期中)Yesterday,myfriendTonyandIdecidetogoswimminginthesea. 10.(2019湖南三湘名校教育联盟一次联考)Wewantedtobreathethefreshair.However,whengoingout,wefinditwascloudyandsmoggy. 11.(2019安徽皖南八校一次联考)Manyachildtakewhattheirparentsdoforthemforgranted. 12.(2018河北名校联盟质监Ⅰ)Athome,Walter’sparentstakegoodcareofme,treatingmeasifIamtheirownchild. 13.(2018河南中原名校五次联考)Inmyopinion,itistimewethrowawayourmobilephonesandraisedour,优点英语heads. 14.(2018河南天一大联考Ⅲ)InordertohelpmewithmyEnglish,wespokeasmuchEnglishaswecanwhenweweretogether. 五Thesedays, 1 womenandmen 2 (surround)bymagazinesandwebsitesfulloftipsondieting,exerciseandfashion.Gone 3 (be)thedayswhenallmenhadtothinkaboutwearinganicesuittobesmartandhandsome.Things 4 (change). Now,asurveyhassuggestedthat80%ofmenadmitbeingunhappyabouttheirbodies.Thebiggestbodyissuesforthemarebeerbelliesandlackofmuscles.Somethinkthissuddenvanityisduetothepressureorinfluenceofmodelswe 5 (see)onTVandinmagazines.Peopleendup 6 aperceptionofwhattheperfectbodyshouldlooklike.Butnoteverybody 7 (want)toputintheefforttohaveperfectmuscles 8 ArnoldSchwarzenegger.Anopportunisticdesignerhaseven 9 (invent)themuscle-enhancingshirttomakethebuyerlookmoreofahunk(猛男). ButJoeWarner,theformereditorofMen’sFitnessmagazine,thinksthemuscle-enhancingshirtisjustatrick.Hethinksmanypeopleinthecountryareoverweightandshouldacceptthattheyneedtodomoreexerciseregularly.Exerciseisalwaysgood.Butwemustn’tforgetbeautyisonlyskin-deep.Characteris 10 (important)thanappearance.
