课后双卷·练透提能得分点A卷 单元语基巩固卷Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Theboymanagedtoescapefromtheburninghouse，buthecouldn'tescapebeingpunished/punishment(punish)becausethefirewascausedbyhisplayingwithmatches.2．Pleasekeepusinformed(inform)ofanychangeofaddressassoonaspossible.3．Largequantitiesofmoneyhavebeenspent(spend)inbringinguphischildrensofar.4．Hissuccesswasalongstory，butinbrief，hesucceededaftermanyfailures.5．Infaceofincreasingenergylimits，Chinaneedsamajorbreakthroughinminingandexploration.6．Aftertheearthquake，theelectricitysupplyfailed，making(make)thecoolingsystembreakdown.7．Thoughearning(earn)hislivingbysellingfruit，theoldmancontributedmuchmoneytohelpthepeoplehitbythedisaster.8．Imadeitcleartohimthathewasnolongerwelcomedhere.9．Theattackisbelievedtohavebeencarriedoutduringtheearlymorninghours.10．Afterhiswifewasdiagnosedwithbreastcancer，hespentallofhistimelookingafterher.Ⅱ.选词填空bringup;bringin;asaresultof;earnone'slivingWangGangwasbornand1.broughtupinaremotemountainvillage，wherepeoplemainly2.earnedtheirlivingbyfarming.3.Asaresultoflackingadvancedfarmingtechnique，theylivedahardlife.Afternewfarmingtechniquewas4.broughtin,theirlifewasgettingbetterandbetter.thekeyto;carryout;beknownfor;bediagnosedwith；Mrs.Green5.wasdiagnosedwithbreastcancer，andwenttoadoctorwho6.wasknownfortreatingcancers.Thedoctor7.carriedoutaseriesoftreatmentsonher，andtoldherthat8.thekeytorecoveringrapidlyistohavearelaxedmind.Followingthedoctor'sadvice，shegraduallypickedup.Ⅲ.完成句子1．新老板上台之后我们公司盈利了。Ourcompanygainedprofitsafterthenewbosscameto/intopower．2．学生们不允许携带手机到教室里。,Thestudentsarenotallowedtocarrytheirmobilephonesintheclassroom.3．由于地震，成千上万的人失去了家园。Asaresultoftheearthquake，thousandsofpeoplelosttheirhomes.4．大量记忆单词是提高你英语水平的关键。MemorizingalargenumberofwordsisthekeytoimprovingyourEnglish．5．由于缺乏资金支持，我发现公司很难顺利运转。Shortoffinancialsupport，Ifounditdifficulttokeepthecompanygoingsmoothly．6．欧洲的许多机场关闭，造成数千名乘客圣诞节前不能回家。ManyairportsinEuropewerecloseddown，stoppingthousandsofpassengersfromreturninghomebeforeChristmas.Ⅳ.片段写作——用本单元知识完成小作文完成片段作文词汇句式升级 ①AlexanderFlemingwasborninScotlandandbroughtup(抚养长大)byhismotherandhiselderbrother.Withtheirhelp，hegoteducated(接受教育)inamedicalschoolinLondon.In1906，hegraduatedfromthisschool(从该校毕业)asatopstudent.Afterthathemadegreatcontributionstomedicalscience，butitwashisdiscoveryofpenicillinthatmadehimearnlifelonghonor(使他获得了终生的荣誉).②Hewasfamousforthisachievement，andbecauseofithereceivedaNobelPrize.Itwasclearthat(很显然)Flemingisoneofthegoodscientistsinhistory.1.用本单元高级词汇替换加黑单词(1)help→support(2)famous→known(3)good→brilliant2．按要求改写句式(1)用分词作状语升级句①AlexanderFlamingwasborninScotland，broughtupbyhismotherandhiselderbrother.(2)用“介词＋which”非限制性定语从句升级句②Hewasknownforthisachievement，forwhichhereceivedaNobelPrize.B卷 高考题型组合卷 Ⅰ.阅读理解A,语篇类型说明文 主题语境人与社会——科学与技术——公众科学(2020·惠州市高三第一次调研)Asakid，JoannaBuckleywasn'tinterestedinscience—untilshehadachancetotryit.Thathappenedwhenshegotachemistrysetasagift.“Overthecourseofafewweeks，I'dcompletedeveryexperiment.Butintheprocess，Ipollutedmyparent'sdiningroomcarpetandburntthekitchenworktopwiththespiritburner，”shesays.NowscienceisBuckley'sjob.SheworksintheDepartmentofChemistryattheUniversityofSheffieldinEngland.“Irealize，firsthand，howimportantitistohavesomethingorsomeonetoshowyouwhyscienceissogreat，”shesays.Nowthegoodnewsisthatcitizenscienceappears.CitizensciencetakesthefunofexperimentingastepfurtherthanBuckley'sathomeexperiments.That'sbecausetheseexperimentsarereal，lookingfornovelanswers.“Comparedwithaoneoffexperiment，what'scoolaboutcitizenscienceisthatstudentsgetthatthishasapurpose，”saysAmyPrunuske，whoteachesmicrobiologyandimmunologyatamedicalcollege.“Studentswanttodoagoodjob，becausetheyknowscientistsaregoingtousethenewdataintheirownresearch.”JenniferLong'sjobistocoordinate(协调)educationandoutreach.SheagreeswithPrunuske.“Kidslikethatit'sreal.Andtheylikethatit'simportant，andthatitmatters.”Citizenscienceprojectshavemadebigdiscoveries.Onefoundapreviouslyunknowngalaxycluster(星系团).AnotherprojecthelpedassesshowmuchdamageabigearthquakehadcausedinJapan.Andoneofthefirstcitizenscienceprojectshelpedscientistslearnwheremonarchbutterfliesgoeverywinter.Someadultsworryaboutteenslosinginterestinscience.Theyhopethatfun，excitingcitizenscienceprojectscanhelpthemkeepengaged，Longsays.Andshehassomeevidencethatit'sworking.“Lastyear，wedidhaveacoupleofstudentssay，‘IreallythinkIwanttobeascientistnow'.”文章大意：文章主要介绍了公众科学的用处——它寻找新的解决方法并让学生们爱上科学。1．WhatisthepurposeofParagraph2?A．Toshowexperimentscanmaketeensinterestedinscience.,B．Toprovefailureisthemotherofsuccessinscience.C．TostatethatBuckleyhasatalentforscience.D．TopraiseBuckleyforherstrongwill.解析：A 考查推理判断。第一段第一句表述Buckley小时候在没尝试之前对科学不感兴趣；根据第三段中的“NowscienceisBuckley'sjob.SheworksintheDepartmentofChemistryattheUniversityofSheffieldinEngland.”可知，Buckley成功进入科学领域。结合第二段内容可知，在得到了实验工具后，Buckley完成了每一个实验。据此可推知，第二段旨在表明青少年进行实验能让他们对科学感兴趣，故A项正确。2．Whyiscitizensciencemorefun?A．Becauseitneedstoseekfornewsolutions.B．Becauseitcarriesoutexperimentsfrequently.C．Becauseitmustcarryoutexperimentsingroups.D．Becauseitissupposedtohandlecomplexproblems.解析：A 考查细节理解。根据第四段的内容，尤其是“That'sbecausetheseexperimentsarereal，lookingfornovelanswers.”可知，这是因为这些实验是真实的，在寻找新奇的解决方法。据此可知，公众科学更有趣的是它需要寻找新的解决方法，故A项正确。3．WhatcanweknowfromwhatPrunuskesaid?A．Sheparticipatedintheexperiment.B．Shetookprideinwhatstudentstookup.C．Citizenscienceispopularwithstudents.D．Scientistsarewillingtoemploystudents.解析：C 考查推理判断。根据第五段第一句中Prunuske所说的话“Comparedwithaoneoffexperiment，what'scoolaboutcitizenscienceisthatstudentsgetthatthishasapurpose”可知，与一次性的实验相比，公众科学很棒，学生们明白这是有用途的；据此可推知，公众科学受到学生们的欢迎，故C项正确。4．WhatisLong'sattitudetowardscitizenscience?A．Concerned. B．Supportive.C．Doubtful. D．Unclear.解析：B 考查观点态度。根据尾段内容可知，Long有证据证明公众科学是有效的，因为有学生说现在想要成为一名科学家。据此可推知，Long对公众科学持支持的态度，故B项,正确。【词汇积累】 in/overthecourseof...在……期间，在……的时候 worktopn．(厨房的)操作台 spiritn．工业酒精athomeadj.在家里进行(或发生)的 oneoffadj.一次性的 outreachn．外展服务，扩大范围的服务B语篇类型说明文 主题语境人与社会——研究发现——社交网络结构与健康(2020·石家庄市高三摸底)YourcircleoffriendsmayhelpyougetabetterreadingonyouroverallhealthandwellnessratherthanjustusingwearabledevicessuchasaFitbit，accordingtoresearchers.Thestudy，publishedinthejournalPLOSONE，analyzedwhatthestructureofthesocialnetworksaysaboutthestateofhealth，happinessandstress.“Wewereinterestedinthetopology(拓扑学)ofthesocialnetwork—whatmypositionwithinmysocialnetworkpredictsaboutmyhealthandwellbeing，”saidNiteshVChawla，aprofessorattheUniversityofNotreDame.“Whatwefoundwasthatthesocialnetworkstructureprovidesasignificantimprovementinpredictabilityofthewellnessstateofanindividualoverjustusingthedataobtainedfromwearabledevices，likethenumberofstepsortheheartrate，”Chawlasaid.Forthestudy，participantsworeaFitbittocapturehealthbehaviordataaboutwalking，sleeping，theheartrateandtheoverallactivitylevel.Theyalsocompletedsurveysandselfassessmentoftheirstress，happinessandpositivity.Chawlaandhisteamthenanalyzedthedatawithamachinelearningmodel，alongsidethecharacteristicsofanindividual'ssocialnetwork.Thestudyshowedastrongcorrelation(相关性)betweensocialnetworkstructuresandtheheartrate，thenumberofstepsandthelevelofactivity.Thesocialnetworkstructureprovidedasignificantimprovementinpredictingone'shealthandwellbeingcomparedtojustlookingathealthbehaviordatafromtheFitbitalone.Forexample，whenthesocialnetworkstructureiscombinedwiththedatafromwearable,devices，themachinelearningmodelachieveda65percentimprovementinpredictinghappiness.Themodelalsoachieveda54percentimprovementinpredictingone'sselfassessedhealthprediction，a55percentimprovementinpredictingthepositiveattitudeanda38percentimprovementinpredictingsuccess.Thisstudyasserts(断言)thatwithoutsocialnetworkinformation，weonlyhaveanincompleteviewofanindividual'swellnessstate.Tobefullypredictive，itiscriticaltobeawareofthesocialnetwork，Chawlasaid.文章大意：研究发现，比起仅仅通过设备去掌握自己的健康状况，结合社交网络结构能让人们更好地了解自己的健康状况。不通过社交网络信息评价一个人的健康状况是不全面的。5．Whatdidthestudyfind?A．Howpeoplechoosetheirfriendcircles.B．Whatfactorsdecideyourfriendcircles.C．Howyourcircleoffriendsinfluencesyou.D．Whatyourcircleoffriendssaysaboutyourhealth.解析：D 考查细节理解。根据第一段的内容可知，研究人员说，朋友圈有助于人们更好地了解自己的健康状况；再结合第二段的内容可知，D项正确。6．Howdidtheresearchersdrawtheirconclusions?A．Bycomparingdata.B．Bygivingexamples.C．Byanalyzingcauseandeffect.D．Bydescribingpersonalexperiences.解析：A 考查推理判断。倒数第二段和倒数第三段都给出了数据来说明设备结合社交网络结构能更好地预测人的健康等其他方面。据此可推知，研究人员是通过比较数据的方法得出结论的，故A项正确。7．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“critical”meaninthelastparagraph?A．Easy. B．Common.C．Important. D．Challenging.解析：C 考查词义猜测。根据尾段第一句可知，如果没有社交网络信息，我们对人的健康状况的了解是不全面的；结合语境可知，画线词所在句表示要想充分预测人的健康状况，了解社交网络是至关重要的。据此可知，C项正确。,8．WhatdoChawla'swordsinthelastparagraphtellus?A．Howfitnessdevicescanbeconnectedwithyourcircleoffriends.B．Aperson'ssocialnetworkispartofhishealthpicture.C．Thebestwaystomakefriendsandkeepahealthysocialcircle.D．Wearabledevicesarenotusefulforunderstandingsomeone'shealth.解析：B 考查推理判断。根据尾段中Chawla所说的话可知，要想充分预测人的健康状况，了解社交网络是至关重要的。据此可推知，个人的社交网络是描述一个人的健康状况的一部分，故B项正确。【词汇积累】 readingn．理解 wellnessn．健康 wearableadj.可穿戴的 improvementn．改进处 selfassessmentn．自我评估(或评价) incompleteadj.不完整的，不完全的，不完善的Ⅱ.七选五语篇类型说明文 主题语境人与社会——食物安全——最容易被忽视的食物安全指南(2020·安徽省部分重点校高三联考)Youprobablythinkoffoodpoisoningassomethingthatyoumightpickupatagreasyspoonoranoutdoorbarbecuestand.1.Thewayyouhandlefoodinyourownkitchen—which，unlikearestaurant，doesn'thavetoconformtohealthregulations—canjustaseasilymakeyousick.Herearesomemostoverlookedfoodsafetyguidelines.Washyourhandsproperly.Thismightseemlikethemostobviousfoodsafetypractice.However，mostpeopledon'tbothertodoit.Andtheminoritythatdoeswashdoesn'tdoitproperly—whichmightbeevenmoredangerous，becausetheythinkthey'reprotectingthemselvesandtheirfamilies，whentheyaren't.2.3．Chancesareyou'veprobablytakenabiteofsomethinginthefridgethat'sjustabitpasttheexpirationdate，inanefforttoseeifit'ssafetoeattherestofit.Ifit'sgonedangerouslybad，itshouldtasteextremelyunpleasant，right?4.AccordingtotheUnitedStatesDepartmentofAgriculture，thereisonetypeofbacteriawhichtypicallydoesn'talterthetaste，smellorappearanceoffood.,Washfruitandveggies，evenifyou'regoingtopeel(削皮)them.5．Theproblemisthatwhenyoucutawaytheunwashedskinandthenusethesameknifetocutupwhat'sunderneaththat，youactuallymaybespreadingbacteriafromtheoutsidetothepreviouslypristineinside.Infact，youcancontaminate(弄脏)theveggiesfurtherifyoursaladbowlorsinkisnotclean.A．Notnecessarily.B．Bettersafethansorry.C．Don'ttastefoodtoseeifit'sgood.D.Howeveryouwashyourhands，atleastwashthem.E．Whywashthemwhenyouarenotgoingtoeattheskin?F．Butthosearen'ttheonlyplacesyoumightgetfoodpoisoning.G．Youaresupposedtowetyourhandswithrunningwater，applysoapandwashforatleast20seconds.文章大意：本文主要介绍了在我们日常生活中一些被忽视的食物安全指南，包括正确地洗手、削皮前也要洗水果和蔬菜等。1．解析：F 空前一句是说你可能认为在低级餐馆或户外烧烤摊你可能会食物中毒，空后一句是说你在自己厨房里处理食物的方式也容易使你生病，故F项符合语境。2．解析：G 根据该段的标题Washyourhandsproperly.可知，该段是讲正确洗手的内容，故G项“你应该用流动的水弄湿你的手，涂上肥皂，至少洗20秒”与此处匹配。3．解析：C 此处为该段的标题。根据本段内容可知，食物的味道、气味或外观即使没有变化，过了保质期的食物并不一定可以安全食用，故C项“不要品尝食物以确认其是否是好的”总结该段内容。4．解析：A 根据语境可知，空处应是对前一句问句的回答，空后一句是说有一种细菌不会改变食物的味道、气味或外观，故A项符合语境。5．解析：E 根据该段标题可知，该段讲的是水果和蔬菜去皮前要清洗的内容，结合空后一句的内容可知，E项符合语境，故选E。Ⅲ.语法填空语篇类型说明文 主题语境人与自然——人与动物——蝙蝠的作用 Foralongtimebats1.(be)oneofthemostfearfulcreaturesintheanimal,kingdom.Manypopcultureassociationswiththemare2.(relate)tovampires(吸血鬼).Thoughtheseassociationsarecompletemisunderstandings，batsdohaveadarksideasa3.(danger)diseasevector(介体).Sothereisgoodreasontobeexceptionallycautiousifyoucomeintocontactwithbats.However，thefactis4.batsplayasignificantroleinkeepingabalancedecosystem.Manyorganicfarmershavelearnedaboutthebenefitsof5.(have)batsnearbytohelpmanagetheamountofpeststhatshowupwithoutpesticides.Onebrownbat—about6.sizeofahumanthumb—canconsumeabout600mosquitoesandotherunwantedinsectswithinanhour.Theymakeforafantastic，almostessential7.(add)topestmanagementonanyfarm.Evenlargegovernmentorganizationshaverealizedtheeconomicbenefitsofbats.TheUnitedStatesGeologicalSurveyestimatesthatbats'contributions8.pestmanagementsavethecountry9.(rough)3.7billiondollarsperyear.Withoutthem，wewouldlikelyexperienceadramaticdropinfoodproduction，whichwouldeventuallymake10.(it)wayintoourweeklygrocerybills.文章大意：本文主要介绍了蝙蝠在保持生态平衡及经济方面的重要作用。1．解析：havebeen 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：很长一段时间以来，蝙蝠一直是动物王国里最可怕的动物之一。根据该句中的“Foralongtime”可知，此处应用现在完成时，且主语为bats，所以填havebeen。2．解析：related 考查固定搭配。句意：许多关于它们的流行文化与吸血鬼有关。berelatedto意为“与……有关”，故填related。3．解析：dangerous 考查形容词。修饰名词应用形容词，故用形容词dangerous。4．解析：that 考查连接词。句意：然而，事实是蝙蝠在保持生态系统平衡方面起着重要的作用。分析句子结构可知，此处引导表语从句，连接词在从句中不作句子成分，所以填that。5．解析：having 考查动名词。此处表示许多实行有机栽培的农民已经了解到(农场)附近有蝙蝠的好处。根据空前的介词“of”可知，此处用having。6．解析：the 考查冠词。此处表示一只大约人类拇指大小的棕色蝙蝠。thesizeof意为“……的大小”，为固定用法，所以填the。7．解析：addition 考查名词。根据空前的形容词“essential”并结合语境可知，此处用名,词addition“添加物”。8．解析：to 考查介词。此处表示蝙蝠对害虫管理的贡献，所以填介词to。9．解析：roughly 考查副词。根据语境可知，此处表示蝙蝠对害虫管理的贡献为美国每年节省大约37亿美元。分析句子可知，此处应用所给词的副词形式，修饰数词。roughly意为“大约，差不多”。10．解析：its 考查代词。句意：如果没有它们，我们可能会遭受食物产量急剧下降，这最终会影响到我们每周的食品杂货账单。根据空后的名词“way”可知，此处应用形容词性物主代词its。
