三明一中2022-2022学年第一学期高三开学考试英语试题（本试卷共10页，全卷满分150分，考试用时120分钟）注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将答题卡上交。第Ⅰ卷(选择题，满分100分)第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatdidthemando?A.Hefixedthescreen.B.Hestartedthephone.C.Hebrokethebuttons.2.Whatwillthespeakersbuyatthestore?A.Meat.B.Chips.C.Bread.3.Howmuchdidthewomanpayfortherefrigerator?A.$150.B.$300.C.$800.-26-4.Wheredoesthemanmostlikelylive?A.InCanada.B.InNewYork.C.InCalifornia.5.Whydidthewoman’splantsdie,accordingtotheman?A.Fromnotenoughsun.B.Fromnotenoughwater.C.Fromnotenoughplantfood.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Accordingtotheman,whodiscoveredAmerica?A.Columbus.B.TheSpanish.C.TheNativeAmericans.7.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Friends.B.Motherandson.C.Teacherandstudent.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Whydoesthewomanwanttogohome?A.Sheisn’tfeelingwell.B.Sheneedstogetsomethingtoeat.C.Shedoesn’twanttoattendthemeeting.9.Whatwillthemandoforthewoman?A.Drivehersomewhere.B.Helpherwiththeproject.C.Askforasickleaveforher.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Howdoesthewomanknowthemanatethecookie?-26-A.Otherstoldher.B.Shesawhiminperson.C.Shesawhimonthevideocamera.11.Whydidthemanlie?A.Hedidn’twanttopay.B.Hethoughtthecookietastedbad.C.Hethoughtthecookiewastooexpensive.12.Whathappenedattheendoftheconversation?A.Themanpaidforthecookie.B.Thewomancalledthepolice.C.Thespeakerswenttothebackofthestore.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Whateventarethespeakersattending?A.Awedding.B.Adinnerparty.C.Ananniversarycelebration.14.Whatdoesthewomanwantmostrightnow?A.Todance.B.Toeatsomething.C.Tochangeherclothes.15.Whatdidthemaneatwhenhefirstarrived?A.Somecake.B.Somecheese.C.Fishandrice.16.Accordingtothewoman,whatprobablycostalotofmoney?A.Matt’stie.B.Theflowers.C.Jennie’sclothes.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Accordingtothespeaker,whatisJenlike?-26-A.Strictbutloving.B.Newandtalented.C.Friendlyandfunny.18.WhichawarddidLuisawin?A.BestHairdresser.B.EmployeeoftheYear.C.BestCustomerService.19.HowlonghasDinaworkedinthesalon?A.Twoyears.B.Sevenyears.C.Threemonths.20.Whatistrueabouttheawards?A.Atotalof$1200wasgivenout.B.Theawardshavedifferentprizes.C.Thewinnerswillgetextravacationdays.第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ALAKEMINNEWANKABOATTOURWelcomeAboardJust15minutesfromBanffisLakeMinnewankawherea90-minutecruise(乘船游览)totheDevil’sGapissuretobethehighlightofyoursummeradventure!Forinformation&groupreservations,phone762-3473!www.minnewankaboattours.comGUIDEDMOUNTAINFLIGHTSoftheColumbiaIceField&CanadianRockiesLeavetheCrowdsBehindTourNarratedbyYourHostOwner/PilotSteveNeill(from$110/person)-26-·Comfortablewindowseats·Headsetsforclients/pilotconversation·SkiplaneavailableforglacierlandingsReservations:1-877-344-7117www.rockiesairtours.comTHREESISTERSMOUNTAINVILLAGEWhichstarswillyoubewatchingtonight?WhenyoudiscoverthebeautythatsurroundsThreeSistersMountainVillage,youwillbesurprisedathowmuchbrightertheyareintheskythanonthescreen.Somakesomepopcorn,pullupacomfortablechairandsettleinforaquietnightinthemountain.Allthestarswillbethere.Callroll-free(866)388-2877www.threesistersmountainvillage.comPERFECTPICTURESDiscovertheRockies’smostdesirablenaturalattractionsonaBrewsterguidedexcursion.Asnationalparkspecialists,weareproudtosharethewondersofCanada’slargestoutdoorlivingmuseum.Our111years’experienceensuresamostmemorableguidedadventure!·Wildlifeviewing·Naturewalks·SightseeingToll-free:1-800-760-6934www.brewster.caRAFTING&OUTDOORADVENTURESYouth&groupratesavailable!AspectacularadventureiswaitingforyoubetweenBanffandCalgary,ashortscenicdrivetoparadise.Joinusforafun,excitingandsafeadventureintheKananaskisandBowValley.Adventuresareavailableforallagesandskilllevels.OurprofessionalandhighlyqualifiedguidesareallWildernessFirstAidandRiverRescuecertified.-26-Toll-free:1-877-999-7238www.insideoutexperience.com1.Whichnumberwouldaretiredcouplephoneforseveralquietstarrynights?A.762-3473B.(866)388-2877C.1-877-344-7117D.1-800-760-69342.WhichwebsitearetheJohnsons(9-68),adventurelovers,likelytocheckformoreinformation?A.www.brewster.caB.www.rockiesairtours.comC.www.insideoutexperience.comD.www.minnewankaboattours.com3.Whatkindofactivitiesdothefivetoursallprovide?A.Freeactivities.B.Outdooractivities.C.Educationalactivities.D.Adventurousactivities.【答案】1.B2.C3.B【解析】本文属于应用文，给广大旅游爱好者推荐了五个户外旅游的好去处。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据THREESISTERSMOUNTAINVILLAGE部分Allthestarswillbethere.可知，游客可以在这个地方度过几个安静的繁星满天的夜晚，故选B。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据RAFTING&OUTDOORADVENTURES部分中Adventuresareavailableforallagesandskilllevels.可知，这个地方的旅游适合各个年龄阶段冒险爱好者，故选C。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据文章的整体内容可知，本文都是关于户外运动的，故选B。B-26-Asmallfamilyapproached.Thedaughterwasyoungandpretty.HernamewasBlair,andshewasobviouslyleaving.Herparentswerenot.Thethreegazedatthecrowdandbegantheirwait.Blairwastwenty-three,freshfromgraduateschoolwithahandsomerésumé(简历)butnotreadyforacareer.AfriendfromcollegewasinAfricaasavolunteerforPeaceWork,whichhadinspiredBlairtodevotethenexttwoyearstohelpingothers.HerassignmentwasineasternPeru,whereshewouldteachprimitivelittlechildrenhowtoread.Shewouldliveinahutwithnomodernconveniences,noelectricityandnophones,andshewasanxioustobeginherjourney.TheflightwouldtakehertoMiami,thentoLima,thenbybusforthreedaysintothemountains,intoanothercountry.Forthefirsttimeinheryoungandshelteredlife,BlairwouldspendChristmasawayfromhome.Luther,herfather,wassadthatBlairwasleaving.Thegoodbyeshadallbeensaid.“Areyousurethisiswhatyouwant?”hadbeenaskedforthehundredthtime.Then,thefirstannouncementwasmade,theoneaskingthoseinfirstclasstocomeforward.“Iguesswe’dbettergo,”Luthersaidtohisdaughter,hisonlychild.Theyhuggedagainandfoughtbackthetears.Blairsmiledandsaid,“Theyearwillflyby.I’llbehomenextChristmas.”Nora,hermother,bitherlip,noddedandkissedheroncemore.“Pleasebecareful,”shesaidbecauseshecouldn’tstopsayingit.“I’llbefine.”Theyreleasedherandwatchedhelplesslyasshejoinedalonglineandinchedaway,awayfromthem,awayfromhomeandsecurityandeverythingshe’severknown.Theyturnedandgotinotendlesssadness.4.What’sthereasonforBlair’sdecisiontohelpothers?A.Herfriend’sbehaviour.B.Hersuccessfulcareer.C.Supportfromherparents.D.Hercollege’srequirement.5.Whatwerethefamilywaitingfor?-26-A.TheflighttoLima.B.TheflighttoMiami.C.Thebustothemountains.D.Thebustoanothercountry.6.WhichwordscanbestdescribeLutherandNora’sfeelings?A.Indifferentandcold.B.Pleasedandappreciative.C.Heartbrokenbutrelaxed.D.Understandingbutconcerned.7.WhatcanweinferaboutBlairinthepassage?A.Shewastiredofcitylife.B.Shewastwenty-threeyearsold.C.SheusedtospendChristmasinPeru.D.Shewouldbeinfirstclassintheflight.【答案】4.A5.B6.D7.D【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了刚刚大学毕业就去秘鲁的偏远山区做志愿者的Blair和父母在机场告别时的情景以及他们内心的感受。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段AfriendfromcollegewasinAfricaasavolunteerforPeaceWork,whichhadinspiredBlairtodevotethenexttwoyearstohelpingothers.可知，Blair大学时的一个朋友在非洲作志愿者的行为激励了她，因而去帮助别人，故选A。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段TheflightwouldtakehertoMiami,thentoLima,thenbybusforthreedaysintothemountains,intoanothercountry.可知，这一家人正在机场等飞往Miami的航班，故选B。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段Areyousurethisiswhatyouwant?”hadbeenaskedforthehundredthtime.以及第五段Nora,hermother,bitherlip,noddedandkissedheroncemore.“Pleasebecareful,”shesaidbecauseshecouldn’tstopsaying-26-it.可知，他们担心女儿但是理解她所做的决定，故选D。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段Then,thefirstannouncementwasmade,theoneaskingthoseinfirstclasstocomeforward.以及第四段“Iguesswe’dbettergo可知，Blair乘坐的是头等舱，故选D。CTherearearound6,000livinglanguagesintheworld—andatleasthalfoftheseareindanger.Ineverypartoftheworld,languagesaredisappearing.Infact,onescientisthassaidthatlanguagesareinmoredangerofextinctionthanbirdsoranimals.ProfessorSteveSutherlandoftheUniversityofEastAngliasaysthatinthepast500years4.5percentoflanguageshavediedout—comparedwith1.3percentofbirds,and1.9percentofmammals.Languagescomeandgo,andthousandshavedoneexactlythatwithoutleavinganytrace(痕迹).Onlyaveryfew—Basque,GreekandLatinamongthem—havelastedmorethan2000years.Butitseemsthatthepaceoftheirdisappearanceisbecomingquicker.TheEthnologue,adatabaseofallthelanguagesspokenintheworld,statesthat417languagesarespokenbysofewpeoplethattheyareinthefinalstagesofbecomingextinct.Ifveryfewpeoplespeakalanguage,itwillprobablydieout.Languagesmaybelostthroughmigration,aspeoplemovefromsmalltownstocitycenters,orwhenenvironmentsaredestroyedbythesearchforoilorwood.Naturaldisasterscanalsodevastatepopulations,andalongwiththem,theirlanguage.Governmentsalsoplayaroleintheextinctionoflanguages.Theneedtoestablish“officiallanguages”,foracountrytoeducateitschildrenandcarryoutitsbusiness,hadadisastrouseffectonmanysmalllanguages.Whatislostifalanguageislost?Somepeoplearguethatlanguagesdieasthehumanracedevelops.Obviouslytherecouldbegreatbenefitsifeveryoneintheworldspokethesamelanguage—someindustriesalreadyreflectthis,withEnglishessentialforpilotsandairtrafficcontrollers.Buttherearemoreimportantthingsthanconvenience.Aslanguagesarelost,wholewaysoflifeandknowledgemaybelostalongwiththem.-26-Toputitsimply,languageexpressessomethingaboutwhoweare,aboutwhereweliveintheworld.AniRauhihi,aMaoriteacherinNewZealand’sNorthIsland,sumsitup:“Ifyougrowupspeakingourlanguage,youwon’tknowwhoyouare.”8.Whatdothefiguresmentionedinthefirstparagraphsuggest?A.Mostlanguageshavediedoutcompletely.B.Languagesareingreatdangerofextinction.C.Languagesaredisappearingslowerthanbefore.D.Animalsaredisappearingfasterthanlanguages.9.Whatcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword“devastate”?A.raiseB.controlC.improveD.destroy10.Whatifalanguageislostaccordingtothepassage?A.Therewillbegreattrouble.B.Thereisnoneedtoworryaboutit.C.Itscultureandknowledgewillalsobelost.D.Peoplewillbeabletocommunicatewithothersconveniently.11.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Languagesreflectouridentity.B.Peoplewillspeakthesamelanguageoneday.C.AniRauhihicareslessaboutlanguagesdyingout.D.Fewerpeoplewillremembertheirownlanguages.【答案】8.B9.D10.C11.A【解析】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了语言不断消失的现象，导致语言消失的原因以及语言消失可能带来的损失。【8题详解】推理判断题。第一段列的数字就是为了说明科学家SteveSutherland的观点：languagesareinmoredangerofextinctionthanbirdsormammals-26-可知，语言比鸟类和哺乳动物消失的速度快，故选B。【9题详解】词义猜测题。由第四段中的Languagesmaybelostthroughmigration和Governmentsalsoplayaroleintheextinctionoflanguages可知，本段主要讲述了导致语言消失的原因，故由此推断，devastate意为“毁坏”，故选D。【10题详解】细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的Aslanguagesarelost,wholewaysoflifeandknowledgemaybelostalongwiththem可知，随着语言的消失，与之相应的生活方式和知识也会消失，故选C。【11题详解】推理判断题。由最后一段中的languageexpressessomethingaboutidentity,aboutourplaceintheworld以及AniRauhihi说的话可知，我们的语言反映了我们的身份和在世界上的位置，故选A。DForenvironmentalreasons,Britainwillbanallnewpetro-anddiesel-poweredvehiclesfromitsroadsbeginningin23years,agovernmentreportsays.Theplan,expectedWednesday,aimstostartremovingpetrolanddieselenginesin2040.ItfollowsasimilarofficialstatementinFranceandsomeaftertheBritishgovernmentwasorderedbytheHighCourttodevelopnewplanstoreduceNO2intheair.Judgesruledthatpreviousclean-airplanswerenotenoughtomeetEuropeanUnionpollutionlimitsinthecomingyears.Britain’sgovernmenthassaidthepoorairqualityhasanunnecessaryandavoidablenegativeeffectoncitizens’health,andcostsupto$3.5billioninannuallostproductivity.Partofthenewplaninvolvesanofferof$260milliontolocalgovernmentstochangeruleswherevehicleemissions(排放)areoverEUstandards.Ideassofarincludechangingroadlayouts,reprogrammingtrafficlightsandchargingafeefortheoldestandmostpollutingcarsontheroad.Theplanalsoincludes$1.3billionforgovernmentpurchaseofextreme-low-emissionvehicles,nearly$130milliontoimproveinfrastructurefor-26-electricvehiclechargingstationsand$378millionforremodelingexistingvehicles.Climatechangeisalsoareasonfortheplantogetthesevehiclesofftheroad.“Wecan’tcarryonwithpetrolanddieselcars,”EnvironmentSecretaryMichaelGovesaid.“It’simportantweallprepareforasignificantchangewhichdealsnotjustwiththeproblemsofhealthcausedbyemissions,butthebroaderproblemscausedintermsofacceleratingclimatechange.”Goveaddedthatlocalcommunitiesarepartlyresponsibleforcomingupwithwaystolimitemissions,includingpossiblelimitationsoncommuters(上下班往返者)andtheadditionofcleanermasstransportationoptions.Localleadersarecalledontodrawup“appropriateplans”todealwithclimatechallengesrelatedtoemission,hesaid.12.WhydoestheBritishgovernmentdecideonthisban?A.Tofocusonitscitizens’health.B.TofollowinFrance’sfootsteps.C.Torespondtothecourt’srequest.D.Topromotesolarenergyintransport.13.WhichmeasuremaytheBritishgovernmenttaketoachieveitsplan?A.Limitingthenumberoftrafficlights.B.Removingoldandhigh-emissionvehicles.C.Spendingsomemoneyonelectricvehicles.D.Changingthewayinwhichroadsarearranged.14.WhatcanbeinferredfromGove’swords?A.Unitedeffortsarerequiredtoachievetheplan.B.Convenientpublictransportationisbadlyneeded.C.Vehicleemissionsarethekeyfactorinclimatechange.D.Petrolanddieselcarsmayholdbackeconomicprogress.15.Whatisthesuitabletitleforthispassage?A.PracticalwaystoreducevehicleemissionsB.TheEUforcesBritaintoimprovethepoorairqualityC.Britainplanstotakepetrolanddieselenginesoffroads-26-D.Relationshipbetweenvehicleemissionsandclimatechange【答案】12.C13.D14.A15.C【解析】【分析】本文属于说明文，介绍英国计划取缔化石燃料汽车转而使用低排放量的汽车，目的是为了保护环境，提升空气质量。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段ItfollowsasimilarofficialstatementinFranceandsomeaftertheBritishgovernmentwasorderedbytheHighCourttodevelopnewplanstoreduceNO2intheair.可知，英国政府提出这一计划是为了满足最高法院的要求，故选C。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段Theplanalsoincludes$1.3billionforgovernmentpurchaseofextreme-low-emissionvehicles,nearly$130milliontoimproveinfrastructureforelectricvehiclechargingstationsand$378millionforremodelingexistingvehicles.可知，该计划包括13亿美元的极低排放的汽车的购买，故选D。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段Goveaddedthatlocalcommunitiesarepartlyresponsibleforcomingupwithwaystolimitemissions,includingpossiblelimitationsoncommuters(上下班往返者)andtheadditionofcleanermasstransportationoptions.Localleadersarecalledontodrawup“appropriateplans”todealwithclimatechallengesrelatedtoemission,hesaid.可知，当地政府需要提出多种办法来确保计划的顺利实施，故选A。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段Forenvironmentalreasons,Britainwillbanallnewpetro-anddiesel-poweredvehiclesfromitsroadsbeginningin23years,agovernmentreportsays.可知，本文主要讲述英国禁止化石燃料汽车的运行，因而选C。【点睛】抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理。做此类试题要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维或正面推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。小题3，根据最后一段Goveaddedthatlocalcommunitiesarepartlyresponsibleforcomingupwithwaystolimitemissions,includingpossiblelimitationsoncommuters(上下班往返者)andtheadditionofcleanermasstransportation-26-options.Localleadersarecalledontodrawup“appropriateplans”todealwithclimatechallengesrelatedtoemission,hesaid.可知，作者对在线慈善的态度是“肯定的”。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。Whatmakespeoplesuccessful?Takealookaroundandtalktoyourfriendsandseniorswhoareverysuccessful,youwillseeallofthemhaveadoptedcertainvalueswhichhaveprovedimportantfortheirsuccess.Itisevidentthatsuccessfulpeopletakeinitiative(主动性).Whentheyfindsomethingneedstobedone,theyneverhesitatetodoit.___16___Theyweighimmediatelywhathastobedoneandthendoitwithpleasurethusstrengtheningtheirreputation.Successfulpeopledothingswithgreatenthusiasm,especiallywhentheybelieveinwhattheyaredoing.Theyaremotivatedbytheirownsatisfactionandthejoytheygetfromdoingtheirwork.___17___Theydonotfearfailure.Failuresanddisappointmentsinlifeareunavoidable.___18___Successfulpeoplepickthemselvesupafterafallandtryagainwithmoredeterminationandcommitmentandlearnfromeachfailure.Theyassociatewiththosetheycanlearnfromandenjoythecompanyofthoseappreciatingtheirachievement.HavinggoodIQoftengetsapersonwhathewantsbutit’sreallytheEQthatkeepshimthereandhelpshimenjoyahighreputation.___19___.Bygivingrespecttoothers,theycommandrespectforthemselves.___20___It’sbettertopraiseothersandwinfavorwiththem.Soinsteadofcomplainingaboutasituation,successfulpeoplealwaystrytosolveit.A.SuccessfulpeoplenevercomplainB.Successfulpersondon’tmakeexcuses.C.Theyworkhardevenwhennooneiswatching.D.Theybelievethatresponsibilityistaken,notgiven.E.Itisfailurethatteachesusmuchmorethansuccess.F.Itishardtobesuccessfulifyoudon’ttrustthepeoplearoundyou.-26-G.Successfulpeoplearepolitetoeveryoneandtreatotherswithrespect.【答案】16.D17.C18.E19.G20.A【解析】文章讲述了一些成功人士都有的一些共有品质，是这些优秀的品质让人成功的。【16题详解】考查上下文逻辑推理及语境理解。根据前文Whentheyfindsomethingneedstobedone,theyneverhesitatetodoit.（当他们发现需要做的事情时，他们总是毫不犹豫地去做。）和后文theyweighimmediatelywhathastobedoneandthendoitwithpleasurethusstrengtheningtheirreputation.（他们立即权衡必须做什么，然后愉快地做，从而加强他们的声誉。）可知，故D项“他们认为责任是承担，而不是给予”符合上下文语境。故选D。【17题详解】考查上下文逻辑推理及语境理解。根据上文讲述成功的人做事具有热情，C选项“这种热情表现在即使没人看着他们，他们工作也非常努力。”是对上文的进一步说明，故选C。【18题详解】考查上下文逻辑推理及语境理解。根据前面一句Theydonotfearfailure.Failuresanddisappointmentsinlifeareunavoidable.可知，本段讲述的成功人士的品质是不害怕失败，失败是不可避免的。而E项“失败有时会比成功教给我们的东西要多”与本段吻合，故选E。【19题详解】考查上下文逻辑推理及语境理解。本段讲述的是成功人士的另一项品质，即情商有时比智商更重要。G项“有礼貌和尊敬别人就是情商的具体体现”与下文吻合。故选G。【20题详解】考查上下文逻辑推理及语境理解。根据后文内容可知，本段讲述的是成功人士不是去抱怨事情，而是努力去解决事情。与A项“成功人士从不抱怨”吻合，故选A。【名师点睛】七选五阅读填空是新课标英语高考的题型。文章多数是说明文，考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。在做这种题型时我们要注意以下解题技巧：1.文章结构-26-例如第5小题，文章是总分结构，讲述了一些成功人士都有一些共有品质，下文分段叙述这些品质，各段之间是并列的结构。本题应是其中的一项品质。并且在本段中，也是一个总述，只要看本段详细描述的是什么即可推断出答案。2.词汇衔接：也就是利用上下文所重复的关键词，即词的复现原则进行判断，其中包括同义词，原词和反义词的复现。要注意空前后的名词、代词、和动词，寻找答案时注意在选项中查找同义词、近义词、反义词或表示同一类事物的词语等。如本题中3小题中，信息提示词Failures，在文中反复出现。其次根据Failures可知，前后文都与此有关，可以从这个词入手。第三部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。IrememberthefirstdaywhenIsawSallyplayingbasketball.Iwatchedinwonderasshestruggledherwaythroughthecrowedofboysontheplayground.Sheseemedso___21___butshemanagedtoshootjumpshotsjustovertheirheadsandintothenet.Theboysalwaystriedtostopher___22___nobodycould.IbegantonoticeSallyatothertimes,basketballinhand,playing___23___.Shepracticeddribbling(运球)and___24___overandover.OnedayIaskedSallywhyshe___25___somuch.Withoutamomentofhesitationshesaid,“Iwanttogotocollege.TheonlywayIcangoistogeta___26___.I’mgoingtoplaycollegebasketballandIwanttobethebestone.IbelieveifIam___27___enough,Iwillgetone.Myfatherhastoldmethatifthedreamisbigenough,thefactsdon’t___28___.”I___29___herthroughthosejuniorhighyearsandintohighschool.Everyweek,sheledherteamto____30____.Onedayinhersenioryear,Isawhersittingonthegrass,herhead____31____inherarms.Slowlyandquietly,Iwalk____32____andsatdownbesideher.“What’swrong?”Iasked.“Oh,nothing,”cameasoftreply,“Iamjusttooshort.”The____33____ toldherthatat165cmshewouldprobablyneverplayforatopteam--stilllessshewouldbe____34____ascholarship--sosheshouldstop-26-dreamingaboutcollege.Ifeltshewasextremely____35____.Iaskedherifshehadtalkedtoherdadaboutityet.Shetoldmethatherfathersaidthosecoacheswere____36____.Theydidn’tunderstandthe____37____ofadream.Thenextyear,Sallywasseenbyacollegebasketballcoachafterabiggame.Shewas____38____offeredascholarshipand____39____tothecollegeeducationthatshehad____40____andworkedtowardforallthoseyears.It’strue:ifthedreamisbigenough,thefactsdon’tcount.21.A.smallB.upsetC.strongD.determined22.A.asB.andC.butD.for23.A.wellB.stillC.againD.alone24.A.runningB.passingC.shootingD.struggling25.A.studiedB.expectedC.improvedD.practiced26.A.titleB.prizeC.rewardD.scholarship27.A.goodB.braveC.activeD.careful28.A.lackB.blockC.countD.appear29.A.guidedB.watchedC.preferredD.encouraged30.A.faithB.peaceC.victoryD.profession31.A.sunkB.buriedC.coveredD.dropped32.A.upB.awayC.backD.around33.A.coachB.judgeC.teacherD.captain34.A.sentB.offeredC.promisedD.suggested35.A.excitedB.worriedC.disappointedD.frightened36.A.cruelB.strictC.unfairD.wrong37.A.causeB.powerC.valueD.pressure38.A.reallyB.entirelyC.graduallyD.naturally39.A.votedB.admittedC.appointedD.introduced40.A.joinedinB.gonethroughC.benefitedfromD.dreamedabout【答案】21.A22.C23.D24.C25.D26.D27.A28.C29.B30.C31.B32.A33.A34.B35.C36.D37.B38.-26-A39.B40.D【解析】本文属于记叙文，记叙了一位身材矮小的女生通过自己的不懈努力实现篮球之梦和大学之梦的故事，告诉我们梦想的力量之大。【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她似乎个小，但是成功跳投，把篮球送入篮筐。A.small小的；B.upset沮丧的；C.strong强壮的；D.determined坚决的。根据本句butshemanagedtoshootjumpshots可知，虽然个小，但是依然很厉害，故选A。【22题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：虽然男孩们努力阻止，但是没人成功。A.as因为；B.and和；C.but但是；D.for为了。根据“nobodycould”可知，“没人能阻止她”与“男生们总是试图阻止她”之间是转折关系。故选C。【23题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我开始在其他场合注意她，手里拿着篮球，独自打球。A.well好；B.still静止不动的；C.again再一次；D.alone独自。根据下文的“Shepracticeddribbling(运球)andoverandover.”可知，萨莉一遍又一遍练习运球和投篮，并没有比赛，因此，此处指她总是独自(alone)打球。故选D。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：萨莉一遍又一遍练习运球和投篮。A.running跑步；B.passing通过；C.shooting投篮；D.struggling努力。根据常识可知，运球动作的下一步应是投篮(shoot)。故选C项。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一天我问她为什么要练习。A.studied学习；B.expected期望；C.improved提高；D.practiced练习。根据上文的“Shepracticedoverandover.”可知，此处指作者询问萨莉为什么要如此努力练习(practice)。故选D项。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我读大学的唯一方式就是获得奖学金。A.title题目；B.prize奖项；C.reward回报；D.scholarship奖学金。根据第四段最后一句中的scholarship可知，此处指萨莉想上大学的唯一途径是获得奖学金(scholarship)。故选D项。【27题详解】-26-考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果我足够优秀的话，我能够得到一份奖学金。A.good好；B.brave勇敢的；C.active活跃的；D.careful仔细的。根据空前的“Iwanttobethebestone”及空后的“getone”(指前文的scholarship)可知，此处指她相信如果她足够好(good)，就能得到奖学金。故选A项。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我父亲告诉我如果我的梦想足够大，那么事实就不算什么。A.lack缺乏；B.block阻止；C.count算数，关系重大；D.appear出现。根据文章最后一段中的“ifthedreamisbigenough，thefactsdon’tcount”可知，父亲告诉萨莉，如果梦想足够大，事实就不算什么(count)。故选C项。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我一直看着她读完初中，升入高中。A.guided指导；B.watched看；C.preferred偏爱；D.encouraged鼓励。根据语境可知，作者一直在关注萨莉，故此处指作者看着(watch)她这些年从初中升到高中。故选B项。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：每周，她都带领球队获胜。A.faith信念；B.peace和平；C.victory胜利；D.profession专业。萨莉一直在刻苦练习，为了自己的梦想而努力。由此可推测，此处指她带领球队取得胜利(victory)，故C项符合语境。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：高三的一天，我看见她坐在草地上，头埋在双手里。A.sunk下沉；B.buried埋；C.covered覆盖；D.dropped下降。根据本段最后一句中的“sosheshouldstopdreamingaboutcollege”可知，教练告诉萨莉她太矮了，无法进入顶尖球队，她应该打消去上大学的念头，此时萨莉非常失落，因此应是将头埋在(bury)臂弯里。故选B项。【32题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：慢慢又安静地，我走上前去，坐在她旁边。A.up上前；B.away离开；C.back回来；D.around周围。根据空后的“satdownbesideher”可知，此处指作者看到萨莉后，向她走去(walkup)，轻轻地坐到她旁边。故选A项。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：篮球教练(coach)告诉她，以她的身高，几乎是没有机会到一流的球队去打球的，更不用说获得奖学金了。A.coach教练；B.judge法官；C.teacher老师；D.captain队长。根据下文的those-26-coaches可知，此处指篮球教练(coach)告诉她，以她的身高，几乎是没有机会到一流的球队去打球的，更不用说获得奖学金了。故选A项。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：篮球教练(coach)告诉她，以她的身高，几乎是没有机会到一流的球队去打球的，更不用说获得奖学金了。A.sent送；B.offered提供；C.promised承诺；D.suggested建议。stillless更不用说，根据空后的“sheshouldstopdreamingaboutcollege”可知，她可能得不到奖学金。offer本意为“(主动)提供”，此处用beoffered表达获得学校提供的奖学金，故选B项。【35题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我感觉她非常失望。A.excited兴奋的；B.worried担忧的；C.disappointed失望的；D.frightened害怕的。萨莉一直在为上大学的梦想而努力，如今被告知可能得不到奖学金，只能放弃上大学的梦想，萨莉应该是极度失望的(disappointed)。故选C项。【36题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我父亲告诉我这些教练是错误的。A.cruel残酷的；B.strict严格的；C.unfair不公平的；D.wrong错误的。根据下文“Theydidn’tunderstandtheofadream.”可知，萨莉的父亲认为教练不懂梦想的力量，因此在否认教练说的话，认为那些教练是错误的(wrong)。故选D项。【37题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们不理解梦想的力量。A.cause原因；B.power力量；C.value价值；D.pressure压力。根据上文可知，萨莉的父亲说如果梦想足够大，现实中的困难也算不上什么，强调了梦想的力量(power)。故选B项。【38题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：她真地获得了一份奖学金，被大学录取，为此她梦想并努力了很多年。A.really真正地；B.entirely完全；C.gradually逐渐地；D.naturally自然地。根据下文的“Shewasgoingtogetthecollegeeducation”可知，萨莉真的(really)获得了一份奖学金。故选A项。【39题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她真地获得了一份奖学金，被大学录取，为此她梦想并努力了很多年。A.voted投票；B.admitted录取；C.appointed任命；D.introduced介绍。根据上文的“Sallywasseenbyacollegebasketballcoach”及“offereda-26-scholarship”可知，此处指她进入了大学球队，故选B项。【40题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她真地获得了一份奖学金，被大学录取，为此她梦想并努力了很多年。A.joinedin加入；B.gonethrough经历；C.benefitedfrom从…受益；D.dreamedabout梦想。根据设空后的“workedtowardforallthoseyears”可知，为之努力多年的应是自己的大学梦，故选D项。第II卷（非选择题，满分50分）第三部分英语知识运用第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Somepopularplacestovisitarebuiltbypeoplewhileotherfamousplacesarethe___41___(create)ofnature.InthenortheastoftheUS,therewasafamousrockonahighmountainthatlookedjustlike___42___oldman.___43___(locate)inthetownofFranconia,NewHampshire,hehadthickhair,abignoseandabeard.Peoplecalledhim“TheOldManoftheMountain”,whichwasalsoknown___44___theGreatStoneFaceanditmeasuredforty___45___(foot)tall.Scientiststhoughtthatthestoneface___46___(possible)datedbackto17,000yearsago.InMay2022,therewasverybadweatherneartheOldManoftheMountain.Theskywasso___47___(cloud)thatpeoplecouldn’tseethestonefaceformanydays.Assoonasthestormwasover,peoplelookedfortheOldMan.Theydiscoveredthathe___48___(fall)apart.Anumberofscientistsclimbedup,___49___(hope)torepairthestoneface.Buttheyweredisappointedat___50___theysaw--thedamagefromtheweatherwasjusttoobad.【答案】41.creation42.an43.Located44.as45.feet46.possibly47.cloudy48.hadfallen-26-49.hoping50.what【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界闻名的美国佛朗哥尼亚峡谷州立公园内的“大石脸”。【41题详解】考查名词。句意：一些地方是人类修建的，而另外的一些著名的地方则是大自然的杰作。分析句子可知，定冠词the后接名词，故用creation。【42题详解】考查不定冠词。句意：在美国的东北部，高山上有块著名的石头看起来很像一位老人。由于第一次提及oldman，首字母为元音发音，故用不定冠词an。【43题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：坐落于NewHampshire州的Franconia小镇,这块石头由浓密的头发、大大的鼻子以及大胡子。分析句子可知，locate在句中作状语，与其逻辑主语he为动宾关系，故用其过去分词形式located。【44题详解】考查介词。句意：人们把这座山叫做老人之山，也叫大石脸，有40英尺高。本句为短语beknownas作为…出名，故用as。【45题详解】考查名词。句意：人们把这座山叫做老人之山，也叫大石脸，有40英尺高。foot为度量衡单位，由于前有forty修饰，故用复数形式feet。【46题详解】考查副词。句意：大石脸可能追溯到17000年前。分析句子可知，possible修饰动词datebackto，故用副词形式possibly。【47题详解】考查形容词。句意：云太多导致人们有很多天都无法看清大石脸。分析句子可知，be后接形容词，故用cloudy。【48题详解】考查过去完成时。句意：他们发现大石脸出现了裂痕。分析句子可知，fall的动作发生在discovered之前，为过去的过去，故用过去完成时hadfallen。【49题详解】-26-考查非谓语动词。句意：很多科学家爬上去，希望能够修复他的脸。分析句子可知，hope在句中作非谓语，与其逻辑主语scientists为主谓关系，故用其现在分词形式hoping。【50题详解】考查名词性从句。句意：但是他们对看到的景象感到失望，大自然的破坏力太强了。分析句子可知，theysaw作at的宾语，而从句中缺乏宾语，故用连接代词what。【点睛】本题考点涉及副词，非谓语动词，代词，时态语态，副词，形容词，定语从句以及介词等多个知识点的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。第四部分写作（共两节，满分35分）第一节短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。Theotherday,ourteachergaveusaquiz.IfinishedthequestionquicklyuntilIreadthelastone:“Whatisthenameofthewomanwhocleantheschool?”Ihadseenthewomanseveraltimes.Shewastall,dark-hairedandatherfifties.AndhowcouldIknowhername?Ihandedinmypaper,leavethelastquestionblank.Iaskedthatthelastquestionwouldcounttowardsthegrade.“Absolute,”saidtheteacher.“Inyourlife,youwillcomeacrosswithmanypeople.Theydeserveyourattention,evenyoujustsmileatandsayhellotothem.”IlaterlearnedthathisnamewasDorothy.【答案】1.第二句：question改为questions2.第三句：clean改为cleans3.第五句：at改为in4.第六句：And改为But5.第七句：leave改为leaving-26-6.第八句：that改为if/whether7.第九句：Absolute改为Absolutely8.第十句：去掉comeacross后with9.第十一句：even后面加if/though10.第十二句：his改为her【解析】【分析】本文属于记叙文，讲述自己在考试中遇到一个问题，即身边的人和事，虽然不熟悉，但是仍然值得我们去关注和了解。【详解】第一处：考查名词复数。句意：我很快回答了所有问题，直到我读到最后一个问题。根据文章可知，作者做一个测试，因而有很多问题，故改为questions。第二处：考查主谓一致。句意：你知道打扫校园的女性的名字吗？分析句子可知，whocleantheschool为限制性定语从句修饰先行词thewoman，故who为单数，故谓语动词用第三称单数cleans。第三处：考查介词。句意：这个女性很高、黑色头发，五十多岁。inherfifties在五十多岁的时候，为固定短语，故改为in。第四处：考查连词。句意：但是我怎么知道她的名字呢？分析句子可知，前后句为转折关系，故改为but。第五处：考查非谓语动词。句意：我交了试卷，留着最后一个问题没回答。分析句子可知，leave在句中做非谓语，与其逻辑主语为主谓关系，故用现在分词形式leaving。第六处：考查名词性从句。句意：我问最后一道题算不算分数。分析句子可知，thelastquestionwouldcounttowardsthegrade.为从句作asked的宾语，根据句子意思可知，是否算分数，故改为whether或者if。第七处：考查副词。句意：绝对地。老师回答道。分析句子可知，absolute做状语，故用副词absolutely。第八处：考查介词。句意：在你生命中，你会遇到很多人。Comeacross邂逅，为固定短语，故去掉with。第九处：考查状语从句。句意：尽管你只是对他微笑了下或者点头之交，他们仍然值得你去关注。分析句子可知，前后句为让步关系，结合文章可知，尽管不熟悉，仍然值得我们去关注，故加if或者though，evenif/though即使。-26-第十处：考查代词。句意：后来我知道了她叫Dorothy。分析句子可知，文章提及的为女清洁工，故人称代词为her。第三节书面表达（满分25分）52.假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Jamie来信说他对中国传统文学非常感兴趣，但在阅读时遇到了困难，比如很多汉字不认识，读不懂文章的意思等，希望得到你的帮助。请给他回信，内容包括：1．表示理解并给予安慰；2．提出建议。注意：1．词数100左右，信的开头已给出，不计入总词数。2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。参考词汇：中国传统文学traditionalChineseliterature;汉字ChinesecharacterDearJamie,___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Bestwishes!Yours,LiHua【答案】DearJamie,IammorethangladtoknowthatyouareinterestedinthetraditionalChinese-26-literature.It’snevereasytolearnChinesecharactersandessays.EvennativeChinesespeakersmayfindithardtolearnthemwell,soyoudon’thavetofeelupset.Herearesomeusefultips.First,turntotheInternetforhelpwhenyouhaveaproblem,whereyoucanlearnhowtoreadandwritethecharacters.Second,youcanlearnfromChinesepeoplearoundandI’malwaysheretohelp.Butthemostimportantistokeeponlearningandreading.Youaresuretomakeprogress!Bestwishes!Yours,LiHua【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求写一封书信。【详解】根据提示可知，本篇为一封书信，时态应为一般现在时。关键要点如下：①对中国传统文学非常感兴趣，但在阅读时遇到了困难，比如很多汉字不认识，读不懂文章的意思；②希望得到你的帮助；③表示理解并给予安慰；④提出建议。第二步：根据关键要点，确定关键词，如：traditionalChineseliterature（中国传统文学），Chinesecharactersandessays（汉字和汉语文章），feelupset（沮丧）等。第三步：根据提示及关键词进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题以及句子结构完整。第四步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，使之自然流畅，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面。【点睛】本篇范文结构清晰，内容完整，过渡衔接严谨自然，其中不乏亮点句型。it作形式宾语，EvennativeChinesespeakersmayfindithardtolearnthemwell,soyoudon’thavetofeelupset.非限制性定语从句的使用，First,turntotheInternetforhelpwhenyouhaveaproblem,whereyoucanlearnhowtoreadandwritethecharacters.-26-
