定时训练(4)Ⅰ.专题特训(情态动词与虚拟语气)一、根据提示或语境填入适当的情态动词，使句意完整，然后熟读感悟。1．WhenIlivedwithmyroommatesintheuniversity，we________oftentalkintothenight.解析 句意：当我在大学与室友一块住的时候，我们常常谈话到深夜。would在此表示过去的习惯性动作，其他几项没有此意。答案 would2．Students______remainintheirseatsuntilallthepapershavebeencollected.解析 句意：学生应该坐在他们的座位上，直到所有的试卷被收上来。该空shall表示规定、命令，故选B。答案 shall3．Shedidn'tcometothepartylastSunday.________，shemusthavemadethepartymoreexciting.解析 句意：上星期五她没有来参加那个宴会。如果来的话，她肯定能使那个宴会更加令人激动。在虚拟条件句中，如果将If省略，则将助动词提前。Hadshecome＝Ifshehadcome。语境为与lastSunday的事实相反。答案 Hadshecome4．—WhydoesThomasspeakthrougheverydiscussionbutneverlistentotheothers?—That'swhathe______do.Weusedtohatethat，butareusedtoitnow.解析 句意：“为什么托马斯每次讨论都一直说，但是，从来不听其他人的？”“那就是他愿意做的事。我们过去讨厌(他那样做)，但是，现在我们已经习惯了。”will表意愿，还可表示决心、许诺、指示、叮嘱等。答案 will5．Brain，likemuscles，alsoneedssomekindofexerciseandnutrition.Themoreyouuseyourbrainintherightdirection，themoreyou______enhanceyourability.解析 句意：大脑像肌肉一样也需要一些锻炼和营养。以正确的方式用脑，你用得越多，就越能够增加你的能力。根据语意可知，此处表示“将，会”的概念，因此应用will一词。答案 will6．Theparcelwasawholeweeklate.HowIwishI______(choose)airmailinstead.解析 句意：这个包裹晚了整整一周。我多么希望我当初选择的是航空邮政。根据题干可知，本句考查的是wish后的宾语从句使用虚拟语气的用法。根据语境可知，此处是与过去情况相反的虚拟语气，故应用“had＋过去分词”结构，hadchosen符合题意。答案 hadchosen7．—Davidisoftenabsentfromclass.—Tellhimhe______answerforitifhegoesonbehavinglikethat.解析 句意：David现在经常旷课。告诉他，如果再这样，后果自负。情态动词shall用于第二、三人称的陈述句中，可表示警告、许诺、命令、威胁等语气。答案 shall8．—Canyoukeepasecret?—You________worry—I'mnotgoingtomentionittoanyone.解析 句意：你能帮我保守秘密吗？你不必担心，我不会向任何人提及的。needn't不必要，根据句意可知应填needn't。答案 needn't9．IfI________(take)youradvicethen，Ithinkthatthecropscouldbegrowingbetter.8\n解析 句意：要是当时我听了你的建议，现在庄稼可能长得更好。由“then”可知，此处是对过去事实的虚拟，所以if引导的条件句要用“had＋过去分词”形式。答案 hadtaken10．—HowwasyourtriptoYanchenglastweek?—Wonderful!IonlyfeltsorrythatI____________(visit)thenaturereserveofred－crownedcranes，buttheweatherwasawful.解析 句意：你上周去盐城的旅游怎么样？相当不错！要不是天气糟糕的话，我本可以去参观丹顶鹤自然保护区的。那是我唯一感到遗憾的事情。本题为含蓄式虚拟语气的表达，其中but引导的句子相当于if条件句。根据语意可知，此处是对过去情况的假设虚拟，因此主句中的谓语动词应用“should/could/would＋havedone”的形式。答案 couldhavevisited11．—Nowadayschildrenhavemorefreedom.—Iagree.They______dowhattheylike.解析 句意：“如今孩子们有更多的自由。”“我同意。他们能够做他们喜欢做的事。”can意为“可以，能够”。答案 can12．SheoftensharesherdeepestthoughtsandfearswithfriendsthroughQQ，asifthey______(be)chattinginherlivingroom.解析 考查虚拟语气。句意：她经常在QQ上和朋友们分享她内心最深处的想法和担心，好像他们正在客厅里聊天似的。根据语境可知，asif引导的状语从句是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，因此，从句中用be的过去式were。答案 were13．Oh，I'mnotfeelingwellinthestomach.I________(noteat)somuchfriedchickenjustnow.解析 考查情态动词。情态动词与动词原形连用可以表示对现在和将来的推测；当它与动词完成式连用时表示对过去的推测。shouldn'thavedone意为“过去本不应该做某事”。由语境可知，此处是指刚才本不该吃那么多炸鸡。答案 shouldn'thaveeaten14．—Wheredidyougetthisbook?—Ipickeditupfromasecond－handbookshopifyou________know.解析 考查情态动词辨析。句意：你在哪买到这本书的？如果你非要知道的话，我是在二手书店买到的。must此处表示“非要，偏偏”，符合题意。答案 must15．—DidAnnfailinEnglish?—She________(have)．Don'tyounoticethatshelooksdepressed?解析 句意：“安妮通过考试了吗？”“她可能没有通过。你没有看到她很失落吗？”根据句意可知是对过去的事情的推测，所以填mayhave(failed)。答案 mayhave二、根据汉语提示，用句末括号内的英语单词完成句子。1．要是他按照医生要求的那样静静的躺着，他现在就不那么受罪了。Ifhehadlainquietlyasthedoctorinstructed，he__________________somuchnow.(suffer)2．现在已经12点了，难道你不认为我们该回家了吗？It'salready12o'clocknow.Don'tyouthinkit'sabouttimewe____________？(go)3．我昨天得了重感冒，否则，我就会完成作业了。Ihadabadcoldyesterday，otherwiseI__________________myhomework.(finish)8\n4．要不是因为英语考试，我上周日就会去听音乐会。ButfortheEnglishexamination，I__________________totheconcertlastSunday.(go)5．要不是因为她不会唱歌，我就邀请她参加聚会了。Ifit__________________thefactthatshecan'tsing，Iwouldinvitehertotheparty.(be)6．即使太阳从西边升起，我对你的爱也不会变。Ifthesunweretoriseinthewest，myloveforyou__________________．(change)7．仔细检查后，Michel的医生坚持认为他伤得很重，坚决要求他立刻动手术。Aftercarefulexamination，Michel'sdoctorinsistedthathe________badlywoundedandthathe________________________atonce.(operate)8．如果不是空气吸收了太阳的部分热量，夜晚地球会非常冷，不适合我们居住。Withouttheairtoholdsomeofthesun'sheat，theearthatnight________________________forustoliveon.(too)9．我宁愿你明天去买书。Iwouldratheryou________________________tomorrow.(go)10．他谈起话来好像他已经知道了这个秘密。Hetalkedasifhe____________thesecret.(know)答案 1.wouldnotsuffer 2.wenthome 3.wouldhavefinished 4.wouldhavegone 5.werenotfor 6.wouldnotchange 7.was；shouldbeoperatedon 8.wouldbetoocold 9.wenttobuybooks 10.hadknownⅡ.完形填空体裁：说明文 话题：人生哲学 时间：12分钟Negativecriticismisalwayshardtotake.However，thereareseveral__1__youcanadopttominimizethedamageandimprovefuturecommunicationwiththecritic.First，itisessentialtowelcomecriticismatalltimes.Often__2__willreactnegativelywhenthosetheycriticizearedefensive.Trytolistentothe__3__behindthecriticism，nottheactualwords.Ifyouassumethatyourcritichasyourbestinterestsatheart，itwillbeeasierforyoutobemoreopenandlessdefensive，whichinturnmayhelpto__4__theemotionalchargeofthesituation.Second，itisimportanttolistencarefullyand__5__questions.Usuallypeoplearesoscaredwhentheyreceivecriticismthattheyremain__6__throughouttheentireencounter.Askingclarifyingquestionsinamodestmannercanhelpidentifyspecificissues.Oneofthebestquestionstoaskis，“What__7__doyouhaveforme？”Echowhatthecriticissayingtomakesurethatyouunderstandtheirpoints.Third，__8__thecritictodeliverthesumoftheircriticismbeforeresponding.Donottrytorebuteachpointasitcomesup，butdolisten__9__，makementalnotes，anddiscussyourperspectiveafteryou'vereceivedallofthebadnews.There'sagoodchancethattheywillbemorereceptivetoyour__10__iftheyfeelyou'vegiventhemtheopportunitytobe__11__infull.Finally，itisabsolutelycriticaltostaycool.Itisnaturaltofeeldefensivewhenbeingcriticizedanditcanbenoteasynotto__12__thatmessageinyourbodylanguage.Youmayfindyourselfcrossingyourarmsandshruggingyour__13__，andyourbreathingandheartratemayincrease.Trytorelax.Takeafewdeepbreaths.Beawareofyourown__14__cues.Ifthesituationbecomestruly__15__，asktotakeaquickbathroombreakorsuggestthatyouresumetheconversationatalaterdate.8\n【语篇导读】 本文介绍对受到批评时应采取的四个策略：愉快地接受批评；认真倾听并提出问题；耐心听完批评再做回应；泰然自若地面对。 1．A.explanationsB．strategiesC．obstaclesD．charateristics解析 该句是文章的主题句，下文的四个自然段提出的是四个应对批评的策略，同时，该空是定语从句中的先行词，在从句中充当adopt的宾语。答案 B2．A.receiversB．optimistsC．criticsD．applicants解析 与该句中的theycriticize可知，critics与criticism，criticize是同根词复现。答案 C3．A.ideasB．informationC．expressionD．mistakes解析 与下文中的nottheactualwords相对应。ideas与words是语义场的同现。答案 A4．A.expandB．spreadC．reduceD．take解析 由第一段的tominimizethedamage可知选C。reduce与minimize是近义词复现。答案 C5．A.escapeB．refuseC．answerD．raise解析 由下文的Askingclarifyingquestions和Oneofthebestquestionstoask可知。raise与ask是近义词复现。答案 D6．A.confusedB．silentC．activeD．calm解析 soscared...that“如此害怕以至于不敢吱声”，解题策略是因果同现。答案 B7．A.suggestionsB．requirementsC．conclusionsD．disagreements解析 由上一句的Askingclarifyingquestionsinamodestmanner可知答案为A。答案 A8．A.forbidB．interruptC．allowD．persuade解析 由下一句中的Donottrytorebuteachpointasitcomesup可知不能在批评者每提一点时就急于去申辩，应“允许(allow)”他把话说完。答案 C9．A.hopefullyB．properlyC．constantlyD．attentively解析 由第二段listencarefully可知，应先耐心倾听。attentively与carefully为近义同现。答案 D10．A.indifferenceB．opinionC．judgmentD．existence解析 回应上文的discussyourperspectiveafteryou'vereceivedallofthebadnews。答案 B11．A.caughtB．understood8\nC．heardD．witnessed解析 受批评者倾听即是批评者“被听”hear与listen是反义同现。答案 C12．A.hideB．conveyC．noticeD．enquire解析 受批评时自然会感到不舒服，而这种会在肢体语言中表露出来，即“不容易不表露出来”。答案 B13．A.legsB．handsC．lipsD．shoulders解析 shrugshoulders是搭配同现。答案 D14．A.personalB．psychologicalC．mentalD．physical解析 crossingyourarmsandshruggingyourshoulders与physicalcues是上下义复现。答案 D15．A.unbearableB．unbelievableC．unpredictableD．unchangeable解析 只有在“不能忍受的”情况下，作者才会建议asktotakeaquickbathroombreak。解题策略是逻辑推断。答案 AⅢ.阅读理解A体裁：记叙文 话题：人生经历 时间：7分钟(2022·天津五校联考)WhenIwasyoungIwantedtobeamodel，sowhenanationalcontestwasstaged，Iconvincedmyparentstotakemeforanaudition(试演)．IwasselectedandtoldIhadpotential.Theysaidthatforonly$900Icouldattendaweekendeventwhichdozensofthemostprestigious(有声望的)modelingagenciesfromaroundtheworldwouldattend.At13，myhopesoffameandfortunecloudedalljudgmentandIbeggedmyparentstoletmego.Wehaveneverbeenrich，buttheysawmyenthusiasmandagreed.Iimaginedbeingsignedbysomefamousmodelcompanies.Formonths，anyboredomordisappointmentIfacedwaspushedasidebecauseIknewIwouldsoonhavethechancetobearealmodel.IthoughtIwouldgracethecoversoffamousmagazines!Ofcourse，Iwasn'tsigned，butwhathurtthemostwasbeingtoldthatifIgrewto5'9”(about1.75metres)Icouldbeasuccess.Iprayedforagrowthspurt(冲刺)becauseIcouldnotimaginegivingupmydream.Imadeanappointmentwithalocalmodelingagencyandtheagentdemanded$500forclasses，$500foraphotoshoot，and$300forotherexpenses.Myparentsonlyagreedafterhoursandhoursofmybegging.Theagencysentmeoutonafewauditions，butwitheverydayIdidn'treceiveacall，Igrewmoredepressed.The_final_strawcameinJulyafterIhaddecidedtofocusoncommercialmodeling.TherewasanopencallinNewYorkCity.Wespenthoursdrivingandanotherfewhourswaiting，onlytobetoldthatIwastooshort.Iwasdevastated(感到难以承受的)．Yearslater，IrealizedthatthetriptoNewYorkwasgoodasitmademenoticeIdidn'tactuallylovemodeling，justtheideaofit.IwantedtobespecialandIwasinnocentlydeterminedtoreach8\nanimpossiblegoal.Theexperiencehasmademestrongerandthatwillhelpmeinthefuture.1．What'sthemainreasonwhytheauthorwantedtobeamodel?A．Shewonanationalcontest.B．Shewantedtogetreputationandwealth.C．Shewasurgedbysomemodelingagencies.D．Shehadfullpotentialtobeasuccessfulmodel.解析 细节理解题。由文章第一段倒数第二句可知，B项中的reputation和wealth正好体现出来。答案 B2．What'stheauthor'sparents'attitudetowardsherdream?A．Encouraging.B．Worried.C．Doubtful.D．Enthusiastic.解析 推理判断题。从文章第一段中“Ibeggedmyparentstoletmego”和第三段最后一句话“Myparentsonlyagreedafterhoursandhoursofmybegging”，作者多次请求父母可以看出父母对此事深表怀疑，不怎么同意。答案 C3．Whatwasitthatmadetheauthorendherattempttobecomeamodel?A．Herparentswerestronglyagainstit.B．Sherealizedthatitwasimpossibleforher.C．Evenalocalmodelingagencyturnedherdown.D．Sherealizedthatshedidn'tactuallylovetheideaofmodeling.解析 细节理解题。从最后一段中“IwantedtobespecialandIwasinnocentlydeterminedtoreachanimpossiblegoal.”可得出答案。答案 B4．Theunderlinedphrase“Thefinalstraw”probablymeans________．A．thelastinaseriesofbadthingsthathappentomakesomeoneveryupset，angry，etcB．thefinalresultthatshewasadmittedbythemodelcompanyC．thefinalauditiongivenbytheagencyD．thedecisionthatshemadeatlastnottobeamodelanymore解析 词义猜测题。倒数第二段说到作者每天都在等电话，可还是失望了。在决定从事商业模特后，作者去纽约，几个小时的驾驶和等待后再次被告知因个子太矮而被拒绝，作者感到难以承受，由此可知画线词组“最后一根稻草”指的是不好的事情。答案 A5．Whatdidtheauthorlearnfromherexperienceofstrugglingtobeamodel?A．Wherethere'sawillthere'saway.B．Beingamodelisnotthateasy.C．Weshouldhaveourownjudgmentandshouldnotjustfollowothers.D．Wemightsetunpracticalgoalsbuttheexperiencescanhelpusgrow.解析 推理判断题。由文章最后一句话可知答案。答案 DB体裁：议论文 话题：健康科学 时间：7分钟8\n(2022·济南四校联考)AccordingtobodylanguageexpertRobertPhipps，thewaypeoplesleepatnightactuallydeterminesalotaboutthetypeofpersonalitytheyhave.Phippshasidentifiedfoursleepingpositionsthataffectpersonality.Phippsfoundthatworriers，thosewhostressthemost，tendtosleepinthefetal(胎儿的)position.Hefoundthatthisisthemostcommonbedtimeposition，withnearly58percentofpeoplesleepingontheirsidewithkneesupandheaddown.Themorewecurlup(蜷曲)，themorecomfortweareseeking，accordingtoPhipps.Thesecondmostcommonpositionisthelog.Sleepingwithastraightbody，witharmsateachside，asiftheyarestandingguardatBuckinghamPalace，indicatesstubbornness，andthesepeople(the28percentwhosleepthisway)oftenwakeupstifferthanwhentheywenttosleep.“Thelongeryousleeplikethis，themorerigidyourthinkingisandyoucanbecomeinflexible，whichmeansyoumakethingsharderforyourself，”accordingtoPhipps.Yearner(向往型)sleepersarenextonthelist.About25percentofpeoplesleepinthisstyle—ontheirsidewitharmsstretchedoutinfront，lookingasiftheyareeitherchasingadreamorperhapsbeingchasedthemselves.Yearnersaretypicallytheirownworstcritics，alwaysexpectingthebestresults，explainedPhipps.Thesepeopleoftenwakeuprefreshedandeagertofacethechallengesofthedayahead.Perhapsthemostpeculiar(奇怪的)ofsleepstylesisthefreefallerposition.Thissleepstylemakesup17percentofthepopulation.Theysleepfacedownwitharmsstretchedout.Thesepeople，accordingtoPhipps，feelliketheyhavelittlecontrolovertheirlife.Notonlyisthisthestrangestofsleepstyles，butalsotheleastcomfortable，andpeoplemaywakeupfeelingtiredandhavenoenergy.Inconclusion，Phippshasonlyonemorethingtoadd：“Agoodnight'ssleepsetsyouupforthefollowingdayandoursleepingpositionscandeterminehowwefeelwhenwewake.”6．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?A．AGoodNight'sSleepSetsYouUpfortheFollowingDayB．YourPersonalityDependsaLotonHowYouSleepatNightC．HowYouSleepatNightAffectsWhatYouDotheNextDayD．WhichSleepingPositionHelpsYouSleepComfortably解析 主旨大意题。根据本文的主题句中的“thewaypeoplesleepatnightactuallydeterminesalotaboutthetypeofpersonalitytheyhave”可知，本文主要讲的是“一个人晚上睡觉的姿势在很大程度上决定了这个人的个性特点”。答案 B7．Whichofthefollowingpicturesisthefetalposition?解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“withnearly58percentofpeoplesleepingontheirsidewithkneesupandheaddown”可知，“胎儿睡姿”的姿势是“侧躺，头朝下、膝盖往上蜷成一团”，故选D项。答案 D8\n8．Theunderlinedword“rigid”isclosestinmeaningto“________”．A．stubbornB．flexibleC．comfortableD．strange解析 词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“indicatesstubbornness”和第四段中的“youcanbecomeinflexible”可推知，该词与A项意思最接近。答案 A9．Whichsleepingpositionindicatesthatthesleepertendstoseekperfection?A．Thefetalposition.B．Thelogposition.C．Theyearnerposition.D．Thefreefallerposition.解析 细节理解题。根据第五段第三句可知，“向往型睡姿”的人对自己要求严格，追求完美。答案 C10．Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthepassage?CP：CentralPoint P：Point Sp：Sub－point C：Conclusion解析 文章结构题。第一段是文章的主题段落，点出主题；第二段到第六段分别介绍了“胎儿睡姿”“树干睡姿”“向往型睡姿”和“自由落体睡姿”等四种不同睡姿及其对应的个性类型；最后一段得出结论。由此可见A项表明了该篇文章的结构。答案 A8
