阅读填空（建议用时：20分钟）Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillinthenumberedblanksbyusingtheinformationfromthepassage.WriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachanswer.1(2022·郴州模拟)Airpollutionreferstotheintroductionofsomeharmfulgasesandparticulatematter(颗粒物质)intheEarth’satmospherewhichinturnresultsinpollutionofairthatthevariousformsofliferequireforvariouslifeprocesses.Thereexistnaturalcausesofairpollutionsuchasvolcaniceruptions,wildfires,etc.aswellashumancausessuchasvehicleemissions,industrialsmoke,etc..Overthelastfewdecades,theairpollutioncausedbyhumanshasbecomealotmoreseriousandcommonthannaturalairpollution.Airpollutionaffectsallformsoflifeincludinghumans,plantsandanimalsontheplanet.Alongwithhumans,animalsaredependentonoxygenintheair.Whenpollutedairisinhaled(吸入)forbreathingoxygen,severalharmfulgasesarealsoinhaledalongwiththislife-savinggas.Theseharmfulgasesarebelievedtoaffectanimalsinthesamemannerinwhichtheyaffecthumans.Expertsalsosuggestthattheparticulatemattertheanimalsinhaleoveralongperiodcangatherintheirtissuesandcausedamagetotheirorgansinthelongrun.Inadditiontoinhalingtheharmfulcontaminants(污染物)directly,animalscanalsocomeincontactwiththesecontaminantsfromthefoodtheyeatandabsorbthemthroughtheirskin.Somestudiesdoshowthattheeffectsofairpollutiononanimalspeciesaremuchmoreseriousthantheyareonushumans.Therapidrateatwhichairpollutionisoccurringisnotevengivingtheanimalsachancetoadapttothechangesintheenvironment.Inthelongterm,theseeffectsarelikelytoresultinextinction(灭绝)ofspecies,whichwillindirectlyaddtoourdangerbecausewealongwithalltheseanimalsformtheecologicalenvironmentwhereallspeciesdependoneachother.Therefore,allofusaresupposedtomakeanefforttoreduceairpollution.Title:AirPollutionandAnimalsⅠ.1. ofairpollution*Theintroductionofharmfulgasesandparticulatematterintheatmospherewhichinturn-7-\n2. .Ⅱ.3. ofairpollution*4. :volcaniceruptions,wildfires,etc.*Human:vehicleemissions,industrialsmoke,etc.Ⅲ.Effectsofairpollutiononanimals*Harmfulgasesinhaledtogetherwith5. :havingsideeffectsonanimals*Theparticulatematterinhaledbytheanimals:gatheringintheirtissuesand6. inthelongrun*7. fromfood:absorbedbyanimalsthroughtheirskin*Rapidoccurrenceofairpollution:givinganimals8. toadapttothechangesintheenvironmentⅣ.9. *10. shouldbemadetocutbackonairpollution.2(2022·益阳模拟)Cheatingonexamsispopularincollegesandstatisticsshowthatithasrisendramaticallyduringthepastscoreyears.Studentsdon’tfeelashamedtocheatonexams.Mostofthemdon’tcareaboutcheatingonexams.Cheatingonexamstakesshapeinvariousways.Somestudentsscribblednotesonsmallpiecesofpaperonwhichtheyhadpreparedfortheexam,sometookouttheirtextbooksorreferencebookstocopy,andstillsomeadoptedmobilephonesasawaytocheatonexams.Forinstance,attheUniversityofNevada,studentsphotographedtestquestionswiththeircellphonecameras,thensentthemtoclassmatesoutsidetheexamroomandgottheanswersbackintextmessage.However,downloadingotherpeople’swritingontheInternetforplagiarism(剽窃)wasfoundtheeasiestway.Mr.Dapremontsaidtechnologyhadmadecheatingeasier,butaddedthatpressuretosucceedsometimescloudedeverythingandmadestudentsdothingsthattheyshouldn’tdo.Studentstodayfeelmorepressuretodowellinordertograduatefromschoolandlandjobs.Whateverthereasonsforcheatingare,collegeofficialssaywemuststopit.First,people-7-\nwillnotbeinterestedinstudyinganymorewithcheating.Second,theythinkstudyingisn’tmeaningful.Third,othersmaybeinfluencednegativelybypeoplecheatingonexams.Thus,wemustbancheatingonexams.Weshouldreduceopportunityofcheatingonexams.MostAmericansstillbelievethathonestyisanimportantpartofAmericancharacter.Forthatreason,therearenumerouswatchdogcommitteesatalllevelsofsociety.Althoughsignsofdishonestyinschool,business,andgovernmentseemmuchmorenumerousinrecentyearsthaninthepast,coulditbethatwearegettingbetteratuncoveringsuchdishonesty?Manyeducatorsfeelthatasstudentsgainconfidenceinthemselvesandtheirabilities,theyarelesslikelytocheat.Title:CheatingonExamsⅠ.1. ◇beingpopularincolleges◇arisingdramatically◇students2. ◇studentsnotcaringaboutitⅡ.Meansofcheating◇scribblingnotes◇copyingtextbooksorreferencebooks◇3. ◇surfingtheInternetⅢ.4. ◇thelatesttechnologymakingonecheat5. ◇greatpressureforcingstudentstodowelltoensure6. Ⅳ.Consequences◇cheatingcausingpeoplenottobeinterestedinstudying◇peoplethinkingstudyingdoesn’t7. ◇peoplewho8. influenceothersnegativelyⅤ.9. ◇encouragingpeople10. ◇lettingstudentsbelieveinthemselvesandtheirabilities-7-\n3Peopleofallagesandracescanserveasvolunteers.Familiescanvolunteertogetherasclassesorothergroupscan.Volunteersworkinvariousorganizationswithoutpay.Volunteeringimprovesyourlifeandthelivesofothers.Youcanmeetnewpeopleandmakeapositivedifferenceintheworld.VolunteersgenerallyworkwithotherseitheraspartofateamcompletingaprojectordirectlycaringforotherpeoplesuchaspatientsinanursinghomeorhelpingchildrenthroughanorganizationsuchasBigBrothers,BigSisters.Volunteersshouldbegenerallycheerfulandeasytoworkwithandhaveanoverallpositiveattitudeevenifthingsaren’tsatisfactoryintheirownlives.Somevolunteersorganizeeventsorgroupsofpeopletoworkonvariousprojects.Withouttheirgoodorganizationalskills,theseprojectsmightnothappen.Forexample,ifyou’retheParent-TeacherAssociationPresidentforyourschool,youwillberesponsiblefororganizingtheindividualcommitteesinyourschool.Ifyouhavegoodorganizationalskills,volunteeringwillbecomelessstressfulandyoucangivebacktoyourcommunityinthewayyouintended.Volunteershavetobewillingtodevoteacertainamountofhourseachweekormonthdependingonthesituation.Itisnecessaryforthemtogothroughtestingortrainingbeforetheybegin.Thebestvolunteersdowhattheysaythey’regoingtodoandshowupwhentheysaythey’regoingtobethereunlesstherearesituationsbeyondtheircontrol.Goodvolunteersseethegoodinothers,whetherit’sthepeoplethey’reworkingwithorthepeoplethey’reserving.Thesevolunteersgenerallygoaboveandbeyondwhatthey’reaskedtodobecausetheywanttogettoknowthepeoplethey’reserving.Theygobeyondsurfacerelationshipsbyrememberingnames,informationandstoriestoldtothem.Volunteersthatarehealthyandwell-balancedwillbringthatfeelingtotheenvironment,andthepeoplethey’rehelpingwillbedirectlyandindirectlyaffected.Title:Qualitiesof1. Ⅰ.Peopleofall2. canserveasvolunteers.◇improvingyourlifeandthelivesofothers◇3. andmakingapositivedifferenceintheworld-7-\nⅡ.Volunteersgenerallyworkwithothers◇completingaproject◇4. otherpeople◇helpingchildrenthroughanorganization◇5. andeasytoworkwith◇havinganoverallpositiveattitudeⅢ.Goodorganizationalskills◇organizingeventsorpeopletoworkon6. ◇volunteeringwillbecome7. andyoucangivebacktoyourcommunityⅣ.Volunteersdevotesometimeeachweekormonth◇8. ortrainingbeforetheybeginⅤ.Goodvolunteers◇goingaboveandbeyondwhatthey’reaskedtodo◇goingbeyond9. ◇bringingthatfeelingtotheenvironment◇10. thepeoplethey’rehelping【拓展训练】1.AccordingtoPassage1,whatshouldwedotoreduceairpollution?___________________________________________________________________2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”(Paragraph5,Passage3)probablyreferto?(Nomorethan2words)___________________________________________________________________答案解析1【文章大意】本文是一篇科普说明文,介绍了大气污染对动物造成的影响。1.【解析】Definition/Meaning/Concept。根据文章第一段第一句话,可知介绍的是大气污染的定义。2.【解析】causesairpollution/pollutesair。根据第一段whichinturnresultsinpollutionofair...。3.【解析】Causes。根据第一段可知此处介绍的是大气污染的原因。4.【解析】Nature。根据第一段Thereexistnaturalcausesofairpollution。-7-\n5.【解析】oxygen。根据第二段Whenpollutedairisinhaledforbreathingoxygen,severalharmfulgasesarealsoinhaledalongwiththislife-savinggas.Theseharmfulgasesarebelievedtoaffectanimals...。6.【解析】damagingtheirorgans。根据第二段causedamagetotheirorgansinthelongrun句意:长此以往对它们的器官造成伤害。7.【解析】Harmfulcontaminants。根据第二段...animalscanalsocomeincontactwiththesecontaminantsfromthefoodtheyeatandabsorbthemthroughtheirskin句意:动物们也会通过它们所吃的食物接触到污染物或者通过皮肤吸收污染物。8.【解析】nochance。根据最后一段isnotevengivingtheanimalsachancetoadapttothechangesintheenvironment句意:甚至没有给动物留下一个适应环境变化的机会。9.【解析】Conclusion/Suggestion。根据最后一段最后一句话可知此处是总结或建议。10.【解析】Moreefforts。根据最后一段Therefore,allofusaresupposedtomakeanefforttoreduceairpollution句意:因此我们所有的人必须努力减少大气污染。2【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文,论述了考试作弊的现象。1.【解析】Presentsituation/Phenomenon。第一段介绍如今作弊的现象,现在考试作弊在大学里很普遍。2.【解析】notfeelingashamed。根据第一段Studentsdon’tfeelashamedtocheatonexams。此处应用动名词结构。3.【解析】adopting/usingmobilephones。根据第二段someadoptedmobilephonesasawaytocheatonexams句意:一些学生用手机来作弊。4.【解析】Reasons/Causes/Factors。文章第三段主要介绍了学生考试作弊的原因。5.【解析】moreeasily。根据文章第三段technologyhadmadecheatingeasier。6.【解析】graduationandjobs。根据第三段Studentstodayfeelmorepressuretodowellinordertograduatefromschoolandlandjobs。7.【解析】makesense。根据第四段theythinkstudyingisn’tmeaningful句意:他们认为学习没有意义。此处应用动词原形表示,故用动词词组makesense。8.【解析】cheatonexams。根据第四段othersmaybeinfluencednegativelybypeoplecheatingonexams本句中是现在分词作定语。而本题中是定语从句,故此处应用cheat。9.【解析】Solutions/Suggestions/Advice/Measures/Ways。最后两段给出了解决大学生考试作弊的方法或建议。-7-\n10.【解析】tobehonest。根据honestyisanimportantpartofAmericancharacter句意:诚实是美国特征的重要组成部分。鼓励人们要诚实,encouragesb.tobehonest,用honesty的形容词形式。3【文章大意】本文是议论文。本文论述了如何成为一个好的志愿者。1.【解析】agoodvolunteer。本文论述了成为一个好的志愿者应具备什么样的品质。2.【解析】agesandraces。根据文章第一段第一句话Peopleofallagesandracescanserveasvolunteers.。3.【解析】meetingnewpeople。根据文章第一段最后一句话中的Youcanmeetnewpeople。4.【解析】caringfor。根据文章第二段caringforotherpeople。5.【解析】beinggenerallycheerful。根据第二段最后一句中的Volunteersshouldbegenerallycheerful。6.【解析】variousprojects。根据第三段第一句Somevolunteersorganizeeventsorgroupsofpeopletoworkonvariousprojects。7.【解析】lessstressful。根据第三段volunteeringwillbecomelessstressfulandyoucangivebacktoyourcommunityinthewayyouintended。8.【解析】goingthroughtesting。根据第四段Itisnecessaryforthemtogothroughtestingortrainingbeforetheybegin。9.【解析】surfacerelationships。根据第五段Theygobeyondsurfacerelationshipsbyrememberingnames。10.【解析】affecting。根据第五段thepeoplethey’rehelpingwillbedirectlyandindirectlyaffected。【拓展训练】1.Weshouldraisetheawarenessofenvironmentalprotection.Weshouldsaveenergyinourdailylifeandwehadbetterwalkortakeabustogotoaplace.2.Goodvolunteers.-7-
