阅读理解提升练(五)A(2022·浙江余姚中学高三押题卷一)Supposethatyou,acollegestudentofsomewhatlimitedmeans,areinthemarketforausedpickuptruck.Thefollowingadinalocalusedcarpublicationcatchesyoureyes.2022FordRanger,bilk,4WD,a/c,AM/FM/cass.,showroomcondition.Call205-1234after5p.m.Thisisexactlythekindofvehicleyouwant,soyoucalltoinquireabouttheprice.Thepriceyouarequotedoverthephoneis$2,000lowerthanthepriceforthismodelwiththisequipmentlistedinausedcarguidebook.Insteadofbeingoverjoyed,however,youaresuspicious.Formanyproducts,whenyoumustpaylessthanthegoingrate,youbelieveyouaregettingagreatdeal.Thisisnotnecessarilythecaseforusedcarsorotherdurablegoods(washingmachinesandtelevisionsets,forexample)becausewithexpensiveproducts—or,whatisessentiallythesamething,productswithhighreplacementcosts—youmustbeparticularlycarefulaboutgettinga“lemon”,oraproductofsubstandardquality.Inadditiontoaskingtheprice,theageofacar—oranyotherconsumerdurable—isafactorwhenyouaretryingtodeterminewhetherasellerisattemptingtounloadalemon.Whilepeoplehaveallsortsofreasonsforwantingtoselltheircars—evenrelativelynewcars—mostpeopleholdoffuntiltheyhaveputmanythousandsofmilesonacaroruntiltheusedcarisseveralyearsold.Youwouldprobablybeassuspiciousofacarthatis“toonew”asyouwouldacarthatis“toogood”adeal.Infact,youareprobablywillingtopayahighpriceforahigh-qualityusedcar.Whilethispricewouldcertainlybeacceptabletotheseller,thecompetitivemarketmightnotfacilitatesuchtrades.1.Accordingtothepassage,whywillyoufeelsuspiciousratherthanoverjoyedwhenyoufindaproductofanunexpectedlylowprice?A.Becausetheproductisprobablynottheexactkindyouwant.B.Becauseyoudon’tbelieveyoucanreallygetagooddealinthesecond-handmarket.C.Becauseyouareafraidthatyoumightgetalemonunloadedbytheseller.D.Becauseyouareactuallywillingtopayahigherpricefortheproduct.2.Whichofthefollowingitemsmightbea“lemon”referredtointhepassage?A.Somerottingfruit.4\nB.Abrandnewwashingmachine.C.Asecond-handTVsetofhighquality.D.Alight-vanoflowquality.3.Whenyouarelookingforaproperusedcarinthemarket,youshould . A.taketheageofthecarintoconsiderationB.alwaysputthequalityofthecaratpriorityC.considertheageaswellasthepriceofthecarD.considerhowmanymilesthecarhasrunB(2022·浙江学军中学高考冲刺)Lackofelectricityandresourcesindisadvantagedregionsaroundtheworldmeansnocentrifuge(离心机)inmedicallabs.Now,asimplenew20-centinventioncouldchangeallthat.It’sbasedonanunusualsourceofinspiration:thewhirligig(陀螺).ManuPrakashisaphysicalbiologistatStanfordandtheinventorofthenewproduct.WhenhevisitedUgandain2022hefoundthattheclinicshadneithercentrifugesnortheelectricitytopowerthem.Herealizedthatheneededtodesignahuman-poweredcentrifugethatcostslessthanacupofcoffee.WhenhereturnedtoStanford,Prakashbeganbrainstormingideaswithhisassistant,SaadBhamla.Theyquicklyconcentratedontoyslikeyo-yosandwhirligigs.“OnenightIwasplayingwithabuttonandstring.Andoutofcuriosity,Isetupahigh-speedcameratoseehowfastabuttonwhirligigwouldspin.Icouldn’tbelievemyeyes,”Bhamlarecalled.Thebuttonwasspinningat10,000to15,000revolutionsperminute(rpm).Thepairbegandesigningsmallhand-poweredcentrifugesbasedonthewhirligigprinciple.TheirfinalmodelwasthePaperfuge.Itspinsat125,000rpm,thesameasacentrifugecosting$1,000to$5,000.ThePaperfugeismadeofadiskofpapercoatedinapolymer(聚合物).ThediskisattachedtotwopiecesofwoodorPVGpipeviastrings.Whenthestringsarepulled,thediskinthemiddlespins.Thisactsasacentrifugeforabloodsampleattachedtothecenterofthedisk.TheteamdescribestheirworkinthejournalNatureBiomedicalEngineering.Oncethebloodisseparated,itneedstobeexaminedbyamicroscope.Luckily,severalyearsagoPrakashalsocreatedtheFoldscope.Itisa$1papermicroscopewithopticalqualitysimilartoconventionalmicroscopesthatwillbegindistributionthisyear.4.WhydidManuPrakashinventthePaperfuge?A.TohelptheclinicsinUganda.B.Tomaketraditionaltoyspopularagain.C.Tomakeitaffordableforpoorareas.D.Totransportelectricitymoreconveniently.5.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeManuPrakash?A.Creativeandsympathetic.B.Ambitiousanddetermined.C.Braveandconsiderate.D.Sensitiveandmodest.6.WhatdoesParagraph5mainlytellusaboutthePaperfuge?A.Howmuchitcosts.B.Howitworks.C.Whatitismadeof.D.Whereitisapplied.4\nCDoyoufeellucky?Youprobablydon’t.Youmaythinkyou’vegotwhereyouaretodaythroughwillpowerandhardwork.Wetendtooverlookluck’srole,andthisseemstogetworsethericherweget;surveysshowthatthewealthiestareleastlikelytoowetheirfortunestogoodfortune.Manysuchpeopleopposetaxation(税收)andgovernmentspending:whyshouldothersgetahandout(救济品)iftheydon’tneedone?Moreoftenthannot,theyvoteagainsttheverypoliciesthathelpedthemgetluckytobeginwith.InarecentAtlanticessay,RobertFrank,aneconomistwhohasstudiedattitudestochance,quoted(引用)EBWhite:“Luckisnotsomethingyoucanmentioninthepresenceofself-mademen.” However,ifweseethisjustasaproblemofthesuper-richpeople,wemaylettherestofusofftooeasily.Anyonelivinginahighlydevelopedeconomyisalreadytheonewhobenefitsfromluck.Infact,weareluckytohavebeenbornhuman.Youmighthavebeenabatteryhen,oramayflywithonlyonedaytolive.Ourblindnesstosuchtruthsisn’tonlybecausewe’reself-absorbedbutalsoweattachmoresignificancetothingsthatareeasiertocalltomind.It’snothardtorecallcountlesstimeswhenyouputintheefforttosucceed:strugglingthroughuniversityfinals,preparingforjobinterviews,toleratingalong-distancetraveltowork.Ontheotherhand,it’sratherdifficulttorealizeyou’reprivileged—likenotbeingborninawarzone,orbeforeantibiotics(抗生素),andsoforth.7.WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph1mean?A.Self-mademendon’tliketobetalkedabout.B.Successfulpeopleowetheirachievementstoluck.C.Successfulpeopletendtooverlooktheroleofluck.D.Self-mademenaremorelikelytoshowofftheirfortune.8.Accordingtotheauthor,youarefortunateifyouarenot . A.strugglingthroughuniversityfinalsB.preparingforinterviewsC.toleratingalongdistancetravelD.livinginawarzone9.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A.LuckIsaBlessing.B.WeAreLucky.C.HowtoBeLucky.D.WhoIsLucky?4\n阅读理解提升练(五)A【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文,主要讲述了我们在购买商品时要注意不要被“价格低廉”所迷惑,要注意鉴别商品的真实性。1.C 细节理解题。由第三段最后一句中的“youmustbeparticularlycarefulaboutgettinga‘lemon’,oraproductofsubstandardquality”可知,你必须特别注意买到“柠檬”,即劣质品,因此C项为正确答案。2.D 词义猜测题。本文中“柠檬”指劣质品,故选D项,意为“一辆劣质的轻型货车”。3.C 细节理解题。由最后一段第一句可知,汽车或耐用消费品买主通常考虑两个因素,一是price,二是age,故选C项。B【语篇导读】本文是说明文,介绍了美国斯坦福大学的ManuPrakash发明的一种简易的离心机装置,该装置适合那些设施落后的贫困地区。4.C 推理判断题。根据第一段第一句可知,世界上缺电和资源的贫困地区的医疗实验室里没有离心机;根据第四段第三句可知,一台转速在125,000rpm的离心机的价格在1000美元到5000美元之间,这在贫困地区是无法负担的;再结合第二段中的“Herealizedthatheneededtodesignahuman-poweredcentrifugethatcostslessthanacupofcoffee.”可知,ManuPrakash意识到他需要设计一种价钱低于一杯咖啡的人力离心机。综上可推知,他发明Paperfuge是为了让贫困地区用得起离心机。5.A 推理判断题。根据ManuPrakash与其团队受陀螺的启发发明人工离心机的过程可知,他是一个有创造力的(creative)人;根据第二段中促使他发明人工离心机的个人经历可知,他是一个富有同情心的(sympathetic)人。6.B 主旨大意题。根据第五段中的“ThePaperfugeismadeofadiskofpaper...Whenthestringsarepulled,thediskinthemiddlespins.”可知,本段重在介绍Paperfuge的工作原理,故选B项。C【语篇导读】很多成功人士会把自己的成功归功于毅力和付出,而往往忽视运气的成分。事实上,我们每个人都是很幸运的。7.C 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Youmaythinkyou’vegotwhereyouaretodaythroughwillpowerandhardwork.Wetendtooverlookluck’srole,andthisseemstogetworsethericherweget;surveysshowthatthewealthiestareleastlikelytoowetheirfortunestogoodfortune.”可知,很多成功人士会把自己的成功归功于自己的毅力和付出,而往往忽视运气的成分。故选C项。8.D 细节理解题。根据最后一段可知,如果出生在了战乱地区,这是很难改变的状况。所以,这是很不幸的。因而,如果你没有生活在战乱地区,你就是很幸运的了。故选D项。9.B 主旨大意题。很多成功人士会把自己的成功归功于自己的毅力和付出,而往往忽视运气的成分。事实上,我们每个人都是很幸运的。故选B项。4
