阅读理解提升练(六)A(2022·浙江宁波诺丁汉大学附属中学高三下学期期中)Inthefirstdaysofthenewyear,aphotofromRio’straditionalfireworksshowonCopacabanaBeachhasspreadlikewildfireonBraziliansocialnetworks—ashotofalittleboy,alone,wadingintothewater,separatedfromthejoyfulcrowdcelebratingandtakingpicturesbehindhim.Armscrossed,hestaresupwide-eyedandopen-mouthedatthefireworksinthesky.Despitetheabsenceofanyinformationaboutthechildotherthanhisage9,theimageLucasLandaushotforReutersnewsagencyhassparkedtensofthousandsofsharesandcommentsonsocialmedia,newspaperarticles,blogpostsandanationaldebateaboutrace,classandinequality.Tosome,it’sjustaphotoofayoungblackboyattractedbythespectacularNewYear’sEvefireworks.Peopleneedtostopthinkingthatallblackboys,withoutshirtson,areabandoned,sad,aloneandunhappy.Toothers,theimageisemblematicofBrazil’ssevereinequality.AbouthalfofBrazil’spopulationof200millionidentifyasmixed-race/black,secondonlytoNigeria.Butblackandmixed-racedBraziliansareminorinacademia,politicsandleadershiproles.Lessthan10percentofBrazil’sCongressisblack,andjust18percentofleadershiprolesareheldbyAfro-Brazilians.ForLuizAugustoCampos,asociologistatRioStateUniversity,thewide-ranginginterpretationsofthephoto,aswellastheexplosivedebateitgenerated,representsachangingtideforAfro-Brazilians.“Thefactthatit’sbecomesoproblematicisareflectionofacomplextransitionintermsofraceinBrazil,”hesaid,addingthat20or30yearsago,thephotowouldhavestirredfewornoconcernsaboutwhetheritstrengthenednegativestereotypes(刻板印象).“ThesechangesarestillrelativelysmallinBrazil,buttheyhavethelong-termobjectiveofdissociatingtheideasofblacknessandpoverty,”Campossaid.1.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Theboy’sageismentionedinthenews.B.Thedebatetheimagecausesworsensthesevereinequality.C.Afro-Braziliansaremistreatedbecausetheyareintheminority.D.Theboyinthephotohasbeenabandonedandneedsurgenthelp.2.Whichwordcanbeusedtoreplacetheunderlinedword“emblematic”? A.Problematic.B.Representative.C.Objective.D.Significant.4\n3.Whatproblemdoesthephotoreflectaccordingtothispassage?A.TheracialinequalityinBrazil.B.ThesocialstatusoftheAfro-Brazilians.C.TheAfro-Brazilians’fightingforrights.D.ThestereotypetoassociateorlinkblacknesswithpovertyinBrazil.BIndianowleadstheworldinsmartphonegrowth.Itsawa55%increaseinthenumberofsmartphonesin2022.ThenumberofWebusersincreasedby37%.Smartphoneswerethesourceof65%ofitsInternettrafficand41%ofitse-commerce,accordingtoareportbytheanalystMaryMeeker,titled“InternetTrends2022”.India’sInternetboomhasstarted.Withinthreetofouryears,almosteveryadultinIndiawillownasmartphone.Theywillbeusedtoordergoods,readnews,monitorcropgrowthandsoon.IndianadultswillbeveryinterestedinthesedevicesjustasyoungAmericansare.87%ofAmericansbetweentheagesof18and34whoownsmartphonessaytheyneverseparatefromthese:“Mysmartphoneneverleavesmyside.”Fouroutoffivesaythatthefirstthingtheydoonwakingistoreachfortheirsmartphones.Andthreefifthsbelievethatinthenextfiveyearseverythingwillbedoneonmobiledevices.Inthebusinessworld,theriseofmobileplatformsisdramaticallytransformingmanyindustriesallovertheworld.WhatIndiansoftwaredevelopershavetodoisstartthinkingaboutsolutionstooldproblemsbyusingallthefeaturesofthesenewdevices.Theyneedtotakeadvantageoftheuniquepropertiesofsmartphonesandtablets.AsIndiansoftwaredevelopersandenterprisesmasterthesmartphone,theywillbeabletoexporttheirsolutionstotherestoftheworld.ThiswillmakepossibleanewtechrevolutionthatisgreaterthanwhatcreatedIndia’sITindustryinthe1980sand1990s.WecanexpecttherapidtransformationofIndiawhenabillionpeoplebecomeconnectedandhaveequalaccesstoinformationandservices.4.LoadsofnumbersareusedinParagraph1toshow . A.India’ssmartphonesincreasemostrapidlyintheworldB.IndiahasthemostadvancedITindustryintheworldC.IndiawillbeasuperpowerprettysoonD.Indiawillexportnewsmartphonestotherestoftheworld5.WhatwillmostyoungAmericansdofirstthemomenttheywakeup?A.Readnews.B.Shoponline.C.Gettheirsmartphones.D.Checke-mails.6.Whichcanbethebesttitleofthetext?A.Morepeople,moresmartphonesB.Nodream,everyIndianownsasmartphoneC.Athand,India’snexttechrevolutionD.Asmallsmartphone,abiguseCWhenevertheword“hero”comestome,IimmediatelythinkofthreeHs:honourable,hard-working,andhappy.WhenIthinkmoreaboutthisword,Ipicturesomeonewhohasaccomplishedgoodthingsforpeopleandtriestodotherightthing.HattieElizabethAlexanderisonepersonwhomIfindtobeveryheroic.4\nHattiewasborninBaltimore,MarylandonApril5,1901.DuringhertimeatCollegesheearnedherBachelor’sDegreeinBacteriologyandPhysiology.Thesewerejustthefirststepstowardswhatshewasfinallygoingtoberememberedfor.AftercollegeHattieattendedtheJohnsHopkinsSchoolofMedicineandreceivedhermedicaldegree.Afterhereducation,shepursuedhercareer,andaftermuchtimeandhardwork,shedrasticallyreducedthenumberofinfants(幼儿)dyingfrommeningitis(脑膜炎).Hattiewasverydedicatedtoherworkandhelpedasmanylocationsasshecould.Spendingsubstantial(大量的)timeinthelabouratory,Hattiesuccessfullydevelopedacureagainstthedisease,whichdecreasedthedeathrateto20percent.Atthesametime,shewasalsoateacherworkingwithColumbiaUniversity.Shewasacaringladyinterestedinotherpeople’slives.WhenshewasteachingatColumbiaUniversity,othermemberswouldtalktoheraboutstudentsthatwerefailingtheirclasses,andsomehowHattiecouldalwaysfindconvincingreasonsastowhytheyshouldnotbedrivenaway.Later,HattiebecameaninstructorinPediatricsatNewYorkCity’sBabiesHospital.Aftermanyhonours,shebecamethefirstwomanpresidentoftheAmericanPediatricSocietyin1965.Thiswasherlastmajorachievement,forsoonafter,HattiediedofcanceronJune24,1968.Hattieismyherobecauseherpositiveattitudeandstrengthhelpedheraccomplishgreatthingsforothers.Shegavethemherstrengthbydevelopingmedicinesagainstdiseases,which,bydoingso,madethemstronger.ThisiswhatmakesHattieElizabethAlexandermyhero.7.Accordingtothepassage,HattieElizabethAlexander . A.receivedherBachelor’sDegreeinJohnsHopkinsSchoolB.spentallhertimeinthelabouratorydevelopingcuresforillnessesC.caredalotaboutothers’privatelivesD.alwaystriedherbesttohelppreventstudentsfromdroppingoutofcollege8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“drastically”inParagraph3probablymean?A.Slightly. B.Hardly.C.Greatly.D.Totally.9.Hattieisconsideredtobeaherobytheauthorinthat . A.shewasanhonourable,hard-workingandhappypersonB.shewasaverydedicatedwomandoctorwithmanyhonoursC.shewasacaringladywhohelpedmanystudentsfinishcollegeD.shewasthefirstwomanpresidentofAPS10.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostpropertitleforthetext?A.AnhonourablewomanB.AwomanaccomplishinggreatthingsC.Myhero—HattieElizabethAlexanderD.ThefirstwomanpresidentoftheAPS4\n阅读理解提升练(六)A【语篇导读】在新年的最初几天,来自里约热内卢传统烟花展上的一个小男孩的照片在巴西社交媒体上迅速传播,并引发了热议。这种热议从某个角度上反映了巴西种族问题的积极转变。1.A 推理判断题。根据文章第二段第一句中的“theabsenceofanyinformationaboutthechildotherthanhisage9”可知,除了他9岁以外,没有任何关于这个孩子的信息。A项符合题意。2.B 词义猜测题。根据文章第二段中的“Tosome,it’sjustaphotoof...emblematicofBrazil’sacuteinequality.”可知,对一些人来说,这只是一张照片,但对另一些人来说,这张照片反映出了社会的不平等现象,他们认为这张照片代表了巴西的不平等。representative意为“有代表性的”。problematic意为“有问题的”,objective意为“客观的”,significant意为“有意义的”。3.D 推理判断题。根据文章第四段最后一句和最后一段中的“buttheyhavethelong-termobjectiveofdissociatingtheideasofblacknessandpoverty”可知,这件事反映了巴西人在种族方面的复杂转变,在二三十年前,这张照片几乎不会引起多少人的担忧,也没有人担心它是否强化了负面的刻板印象。现在人们有一个长期的目标,那就是把黑肤色和贫穷为一体的观念分离开。D项意为“在巴西,将黑肤色和贫穷联系在一起的刻板印象”,故选D项。B【语篇导读】近年来,印度智能手机联接互联网发展迅猛,可以预见,它的下一次技术革命即将到来。4.A 推理判断题。由第一段第一句“Indianowleadstheworldinsmartphonegrowth.”可知,这些数字是为了表明印度智能手机的快速发展。5.C 细节理解题。由第三段的“Fouroutoffivesaythatthefirstthingtheydoonwakingistoreachfortheirsmartphones.”可以看出:五分之四的美国年轻人醒来第一件事就是拿手机,由此可知答案。6.C 主旨大意题。C项含有概括全文的关键词:India,athand(双关:在手边&即将到来),techrevolution。C【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“我”心目中的英雄——HattieElizabethAlexander。7.D 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“Whenshewasteaching...werefailingtheirclasses...couldalwaysfindconvincingreasonsastowhytheyshouldnotbedrivenaway.”可知,HattieElizabethAlexander总是尽最大努力防止学生退学。故选D项。8.C 词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句可知,应该是大大减少了死于脑膜炎的幼儿的数量。可知C项符合题意。9.A 推理判断题。根据第一段第一句及最后一段的内容可知,作者之所以认为她是名英雄是因为她是一个受人尊敬、勤奋和幸福的人。故选A项。10.C 主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句和最后一段第一句可知C项“Myhero—HattieElizabethAlexander”为最佳标题。4
