第一讲 名词和冠词Ⅰ.用适当的冠词填空1.Let'sgoto cinema－that'lltakeyourmindofftheproblemfor while.解析：gotothecinema与forawhile均为习惯搭配，分别指“去看电影”，“一会儿”。答案：the；a2.Thebiggestwhaleis bluewhale，whichgrowstobeabout29meterslong－theheightof 9 storybuilding.解析：句意：最大的鲸鱼是蓝鲸，可以长到大约29米长——其高度相当于一座9层楼的高度。前一空格处是“the＋单数可数名词”表类指；后一个空格处是泛指。答案：the；a3.Wecanneverexpect bluerskyunlesswecreate lesspollutedworld.解析：句中sky与world都表示泛指，a表示“一”这个数量，相当于“one”。答案：a；a4.What pitythatyoucouldn'tbetheretoreceive prize！解析：该句是感叹句，Whatapitythat...为固定句型，所以第一空用不定冠词a；而第二空依据语境应该是谈话双方都知道的事物，所以用定冠词the。答案：a；the5.Inordertofind betterjob，hedecidedtostudy secondforeignlanguage.解析：第一空用不定冠词表泛指，表示“一份更好的工作”；第二空用不定冠词与序数词连用，表示“又一”。句意：为了找一份更好的工作，他决定再学一门外语。答案：a；a6.Manypeoplehavecometorealizethattheyshouldgoon balanceddietandmakeroomintheirdayforexercise.解析：泛指平衡饮食，应该用不定冠词。答案：a7.Georgecouldn'trememberwhenhefirstmetMr.Anderson，buthewassureitwas Sundaybecauseeverybodywasatchurch.解析：句意：虽然George记不起他第一次见Mr.Anderson的时间，但他确信是个星期天，因为大家都去做礼拜。该空表示泛指，用不定冠词。答案：a8.Christmasis specialholidaywhen wholefamilyaresupposedtogettogether.解析：Christmas是一个特殊的假期，故用a；whole前边应该加定冠词，thewholefamily表示“全家人”。答案：a；the9.Howabouttaking shortbreak？Iwanttomake call.解析：takeabreak和makeacall均为固定结构。6\n答案：a；a10.Ilookedunder bedandfound bookIlostlastweek.解析：bed和book在此都是特指，故填the。答案：the；the11.Iknowyoudon'tlike musicverymuch.Butwhatdoyouthinkof musicinthefilmwesawyesterday？解析：句意：我知道你不怎么喜欢音乐。但是你认为昨天我们看的那部电影中的音乐怎么样呢？第一空“音乐”为抽象名词，前通常不加冠词；第二个music有定语inthefilmwesawyesterday修饰，表特指用the。答案：不填；the12.—Iknockedovermycoffeecup.Itwentrightover keyboard.—Youshouldn'tputdrinksnear computer.解析：句意：——我碰倒了咖啡杯。咖啡洒到了键盘上。——你不应该把饮料放在电脑旁。第一空后的名词keyboard为特指，即这个/那个键盘；第二空后的名词computer为泛指，说话人在强调使用(任意一台)电脑都应该注意的事情。答案：the；a13.Everywheremanhascutdownforestsinordertogrowcrops，ortouse woodasfuelorasbuildingmaterial.解析：该空是指砍掉森林后的树木，为特指，填the。答案：the14.Ofall reasonsformydecisiontobecomeauniversityprofessor，myfather'sadvicewas mostimportantone.解析：句意：在我决定做一名大学教授的所有理由中，我父亲的建议是最重要的。根据句意，第一空表特指，所以用定冠词the；第二空因为句首有“Ofall...”，含有比较含义，故用the表达最高级的意思。答案：the；the15.Mrs.Taylorhas 8 year olddaughterwhohas giftforpainting—shehaswontwonationalprizes.解析：第一个空表示数量一，应用不定冠词，8(eight)读音是以元音音素开头，所以用an；haveagiftfor...有……的天赋。答案：an；aⅡ.单项填空1.Ikeepmedicinesonthetopshelf，outofthechildren's .A.reach B.handC.hold D.place解析：句意：我把药放到了架子的顶部，孩子们够不到的地方。outofone'sreach 够不着，(某人)力所不能及之处。答案：A2.Indealingwithpublicrelations，weshouldmakeeveryefforttopreventthe inpersonality.A.contact B.contrast6\nC.connection D.conflict解析：句意：在处理公关关系时，我们应努力防止个性冲突。contact和connection是同义词，意为“联系”；contrast对比；conflict冲突。答案：D3.Chineseartshavewonthe ofalotofpeopleoutsideChina.A.enjoyment B.appreciationC.entertainment D.reputation解析：句意：中国艺术享誉海外。enjoyment高兴；appreciation欣赏；entertainment娱乐；reputation声誉。答案：B4.Heprovedhimselfatruegentlemanandthebeautyofhis wasseenatitsbestwhenheworkedwithothers.A.temper B.appearanceC.talent D.character解析：句意：在与别人共事时，他证明了自己是真正的绅士，也证明了他具有良好的品格。character品质，特性；temper心情，脾气；appearance外表，外貌；talent才能，天才。答案：D5.Ithasalwaysbeenthe ofourfirmtoencourageworkerstotakepartinsocialactivities.A.plan B.campaignC.procedure D.policy解析：句意：本公司的一贯方针是鼓励工人参加社会活动。plan计划；campaign(政治或竞选的)运动，(军事的)行动；procedure做事的手续、程序；policy(尤指政党、政府、大企业、商业等的)政策，方针。答案：D6.The ofhisclothesindicatedtooclearlythathehadbeenplayingfootball.A.state B.conditionC.occasion D.situation解析：state状况，状态。condition情况(多用复数)；occasion场合，时机；situation处境，形势，局面，情况。答案：A7.Heputinaspecial foranextraday'sholidaysothathecouldattendhisdaughter'swedding.A.request B.demandC.inquiry D.proposal解析：request请求，putinarequestfor(提出请求)。demand需求，需要；inquiry询问；proposal建议，均不合题意。答案：A8.Whenaspaceshuttlehasaccomplishedits ，itcanbereadyforanothertripinabouttwoweeks.A.venture B.mission6\nC.commission D.responsibility解析：mission通常指一种特殊的、特定的，且有一定难度的使命或工作，常与accomplish，complete等词搭配。venture冒险，常指商业上的冒险投机；commission委任，代理，佣金；responsibility责任。句意：当航天飞机完成了它的使命，它能在大约两周内做好准备再次航行。答案：B9.Politicalpartiesoftendifferintheirviewsonvarious concerningtheirowncountries.A.ways B.measuresC.issues D.patterns解析：issue此处意为“重大问题”。way方法，方式；measure措施，虽然填入本题也说得过去，但不够贴切；pattern模式，图案，图样，与题意不符，不能入选。答案：C10.Thegeneration makesitdifficultforparentstounderstandtheirchildren'sopinions.A.division B.gapC.separation D.interval解析：generationgap代沟。division分，划分；separation分开；interval间隔，间隙，(幕间或工间)休息；atintervals不时，时时。答案：B11.Thenewsafetyregulationswereagreedonafter withtheworkforce.A.conference B.participationC.intervention D.consultation解析：consultation商议：holdaconsultationwithsb.aboutsth.(与某人商谈某事)。conference讨论会；participation参加，参与；intervention干预，干涉。答案：D12.Asuccessfulscientistneeds ifhewantstomakehypothesis(假设)ofhowprocessesworkandhoweventstakeplace.A.permission B.penetrationC.imagination D.convention解析：imagination想象力；permission允许；penetration穿透； convention惯例，常规。答案：C13.Ican'tadviseyouwhattodo.Youmustuseyourown .A.opinion B.guessworkC.justice D.judgement解析：judgement判断；opinion意见；guesswork猜测；justice正义，公正。答案：D14.Theauthorhadqualifiedasadoctorbutlatergaveupthe ofmedicineforfull timewriting.A.prescription B.procedureC.treatment D.practice6\n解析：practice(医生或律师的)业务，生意；prescription药方；procedure程序，手续；treatment治疗，待遇。答案：D15.Theoldmangotintothe ofstoringmoneyunderthebed.A.tradition B.habitC.use D.custom解析：getintothehabitofdoingsth.意为“养成了做……的习惯”。habit指个人的习惯；custom则指社会的风俗习惯；tradition传统；use用途。答案：B16.The stuckontheoutsideoftheenvelopesaid“ByAir”.A.label B.ticketC.signal D.sign解析：label标签，标记。ticket车票；signal信号；sign记号，指示牌，trafficsigns交通指示牌。答案：A17.Shewasputtingonherwatchwhenthe brokeanditfelltotheground.A.belt B.strapC.tie D.string解析：strap(表，手提包的)带。belt皮带，腰带；seatbelt(系于飞机座位上的)安全带；tie领带；string细绳子。答案：B18.Icouldtellhewassurprisedfromthe onhisface.A.appearance B.viewC.sight D.expression解析：expression此处意指“表情”；appearance表示人的“仪表，外表”；view指“视线，风景”；sight表示“视力”。答案：D19.Thegovernmenthaslostagreatdealof becauseofthelargeincreaseinfoodprices.A.strength B.supportC.agreement D.vote解析：losesupport失去支持。strength力量；agreement协定，协议；vote作为“选票”解时，是可数名词，所以不能与agreatdealof搭配。答案：B20.Usuallyachild'sbehaviourisa ofhisfamilyenvironment.A.recognition B.reflectionC.return D.record解析：句意：一个孩子的行为通常可以反映出他的家庭环境。recognition认出；reflection反映；return归还；返回；record录音；记录。根据句意，应选B。答案：BⅢ.语法填空6\n CharlesPinkwasayoungCanadianwhohadagoodhouseandheknewhowtoenjoyhimself.EverySaturday，hewentto 1 theatreandto 2 (party).Hiscarwasoneofthebestinhiscity.Hehadlotsofmoneyandonedaybought 3 plane.Helearnedtoflyandflyingbecameoneofhismain 4 (enjoyment).Onedayaboutthirty 5 (yearly)ago，hesetoffinhissmallplaneonatripacross 6 (Mexican).Atfirsteverythingwentwell，butwhenhewasoverthepartofthecountry 7 engineofthelittlemachinefailed.Fortunately，Pinkwasflyingatagoodheightwhenthebad 8 (thing)happened，andhehadtimetofind 9 placetoland.Belowhimhecouldseeanumberof 10 (field)whichlookedniceenoughtolandon，andhemanagedtobringhismachinedownononeofthem.答案：1.the 2.parties 3.a 4.enjoyments 5.years6.Mexico 7.the 8.thing 9.a 10.fields6
