名词变化规则例词可数名词复数的规则变化1一般情况下在词尾加sapple→applestoy→toysexperience→experiences2.以s.x.ch,sh结尾的名词，在词尾加esglass→glassesbox→boxesdish→disheswatch→watchesbrush→brushes3.以辅音字母加y结尾，变y为i再加esfamily→familiesenemy→enemiesholiday-holidaysactivity→activities4.以y结尾的专有名词或元音+y结尾的名词，直接加stwoMarystheHenrysmonkey-monkeysholiday→holidays4.以f或fe结尾、大都变f或fe为v再加esthief→thieveswife→wivesleaf→leavesself→selvesknife→kniveswolf→wolveshandkerchief→handkerchief或者handkerchieves5.有些以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时，加sbelief→beliefsroof→roofsproof→proofschief→chiefschef→chefsgulf→gulfssafe→safes6.以字母o结尾的名词，有生命的在词尾加esNegro→Negroeshero→heroespotato→potatoestomato→tomatoesvolcano→volcanos/volcanoes7.以字母o结尾的名词，没有生命的名词在词尾加esRadioszoostobaccosphotospianosbamboosvideosstudioszeros可数名8.单、复数相同sheepdeermeansseriesspeciesfish(fishes各种各样鱼)\n词复数的不规则变化9.表示某国人的复数形式：中日不变英法变其它s加后面Chinese→ChineseJapanese→JapaneseEnglishman→EnglishmenFrenchman→FrenchmanGerman→Germans9.名词复数的不规则变化foot→feettooth→teethgoose→geesemouse→miceox→oxenchild→childrenman→menwoman→womenmedium→mediaphenomena→phenomenon10.只有复数形式clothestrousersglassesgoodsshortsscissorsscales11.习惯上多用复数式:congratulationsbelongingswishesregardsthanks13.形式上单数,意义上复数peoplepolicecattlepublic14.形式上复数,意义上单数physicspoliticsmathsnews15.单复数同形deer,sheep,fish,series，means,species16.名词单复数的特殊形式作整体概念看待时,当单数用,谓语动词也用单数;强调整体中具体人或物时,当复数用,谓语动词也用复数。这类词有:family、army、audience、class、committee、group、tea，public,cattle等。17.加s和不加s意义不同如：wood木材woods森林sand沙子sands沙滩look看looks外貌iron铁irons镣铐good好的goods货物manner方式manners礼貌green绿色的greens蔬菜还有：work工作works著作，工厂coffee咖啡coffees几杯咖啡people人民peoples民族fruit水果总称fruits(各种水果)paper纸papers文件、试卷、论文time时间times时代，次数，倍数Mr.King金先生theKings金家一家人16.只变中心词shoeshop→shoeshopstoothbrush→toothbrushes\n合成词复数ediror→editors-in-cheifpasser-by→passers-byson-in-law→sons-in-law17.无中心词时，将s加在最后go-between→go-betweensgrown-up→grown-ups18.由manwoman构成的合成词，前后都变成复数形式mandoctor→mendoctorswomanprofessor→womenprofessors不可数名词物质名词chalk,bread,furniture,rubbish,food,cheese抽象名词advice,equipment,air,progress,information,education,fun,health,news抽象名词具体化asuccess一个成功的人或事;asurprise一件令人惊奇的事物质名词具体化，acoffee一杯咖啡;two______(drink)两杯饮料;名词所有格单数名词词尾加's;复数名词词尾有s的只加’,复数名词词尾无s的加's;theboy’smother这个男孩儿的妈妈Teachers'Day教师节Children’sDay儿童节and连接的并列名词，表示各自所有关系，要分别在并列名词后加's，TomandJerry’sroomIknow表示共同所有关系，只在最后一个名词后加's。Tom’sandJerry’swives不定代词后接else,所有格's加在else上somebodyelse’sbagof所有格：无生命的事物的名词，常用of所有格表示所有关系thebesttitleofthepassage文章最好的标题thepurposeofthispassage文章的目的\n一些有生命的名词，如果名词较长或有较多的定语时，须使用of所有格thestoryofthebraveryofWilliamTellandhisson双重所有格"名词十of+名词所有格”或"名词+of+名词性物主代词”anovelofLuxu’s鲁迅的一本小说afriendofmine我的一个朋友名词+’s=店铺/医院/诊所/住宅等的全称atthedoctor’s=atthehospitalgotoLily’s=gotoLily’shomeI.高考真题再现(名词)1.In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increases in bear sightingsaround human settlements, leading to a ____ ( believe) that populations are increasing.2.They also shared with us many ____ ( tradition) stories about Hawaii that were hugely popular with tourists.3.Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that showed a mere 5 to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all ____(cause).4.（单句改错）All the football player on the playground cheered loudly,sayingthatI had atalent for football.II.单句语法填空(名词)1. China has got a good reputation for fightingagainstthe fluwith its careful andsmooth_______(organize).2. Dogs have a very good \nsense of smell and are often used to search for____(survive) in an earthquake.3. After the earthquake, the first thing the local government did was to provide accommodation for the homeless_____ (family).4. The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his_____(patient), so he has a very good reputation.5. Was it because of his ____ (lazy) that he didn't do the experiment successfully?6. The government is very cautious about settinga new policy and making _____(decide).7. The ____( girl) shoes were covered with mud, so I asked them to take them off before they got into Tom's car.8. All the _____(woman) teachers can have a rest on March 8th, because it is their ownholiday.9. The village is far away from here indeed, it's a four ____(hour) walk.10. Those who suffer from headache will findtheyget ____ (relieve) from this medicine.III.单句改错(名词)1. The practice of hanging clothes across the street is a common sight in many part of the city. 2. Despite such a big different in attitude towards what one eats, there is no doubt that people in the west regard the Chinese food as somethingspecial.3. Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and a lack of exercises.4. There was a volleyball match yesterday between the man teachers and the boy students.5. In China masses of graduate go abroad to have further study every year.6. It makes you search for more informations about your favourite singer on the Internet.7. My grandpa is the best cooker in China\n and he can make the most delicious dishes.8. Professor White gave me one of the best piece of advice I've ever heard.9. Mr Green is a neighbour of my sister.10.There’sapaper’sfactorynearourschool.IV.语篇语法填空（名词）If your life lacks the （1)____ (powerful) that you want and the (2)____ ( motivate)that you need,sometimesall you have to do is toshift your point of view. By trainingyour (3)____(think) to concentrate onthe bright side of things, youare more likely to have the reasonsto follow yourgoals.You are less likely to beheld back by negative (4)_ (idea) that might limit your performance.Your life can be enhanced (提升）andyour(5)_____(happy)enriched,whenyouchoosetochangeyourviewpoints.Don’tleave4yourfuturetochance,orwaitforthingstoget better mysteriouslyon their own, You must go in the (6)____ (direct) of your hopes. Begin to build your confidence, and find 7)_____ (solve) to the (8)_____ (problem) rather than avoid them.Always believe that good things are possible, and remember that mistakes can be (9)____ (lesson) that lead to (10)____ (discovery). Turn your" worry hours" into " productive hours", You will see beautiful things happen when you allow yourself to experience the joys of life. You will find happiness when you adopt positive thinking to your daily routine and make it an important part of yourworld.\nI高考真题(名词)1.belief2.traditional3.causes4.player→playersI.单句语法填空(名词)1.organization2.survivors3.families4.patients5.laziness6.decisions7.girl’s8.women9.hour’s10.reliefIII.单句改错(名词)1.part→parts2.different→difference3.exercises→exercise4.man→men5.graduate→graduates6.informations→information7.cooker→cook8.piece→pieces9.sister→sister’s10.paper’s→paperIV.语篇语法填空\n1.power2.motivation3.thoughts4.ideas5.happiness6.directions7.solutions8.problems9.lessons10.discoveries
