虚拟语气考点一if条件句中的虚拟语气虚拟语气主句谓语动词从句谓语动词虚拟现在should/would/could/might＋do过去式(be用were)虚拟过去should/would/could/might＋havedonehad＋过去分词虚拟将来should/would/could/might＋do过去式/weretodo/should＋do例：Theymighthavefoundabetterhoteliftheyhaddrivenafewmorekilometers.如果他们多开几公里的话，他们也许会找到一个更好的旅馆。Wewouldbebackinthehotelnowifyoudidn’tlosethemap.如果你没有把地图丢了的话，我们现在就回到旅馆了。Gracedoesn’twanttomovetoNewYorkbecauseshethinksifsheweretolivethere,shewouldn’tbeabletoseeherparentsveryoften.格蕾丝不想搬到纽约，因为她认为如果住在那里，她就不能经常看到她的父母了。注意：如果在表示虚拟语气的if条件句中含有were,had或should,可将if省略，然后将were,had或should移至主语之前。Wereitnotforthesupportoftheteachers,thestudentcouldnotovercomeherdifficulty.如果没有老师的帮助，这个学生克服不了她的困难。如果主句和从句是对不同时间的事实的虚拟，则被称为错综虚拟语气。此时主句常有明显的时间状语。MaybeifIhadstudiedscience,andnotliteraturethen,Iwouldbeabletogiveyoumorehelp.也许如果当时我学的是理科而不是文科，那么我现在就可以给你更多的帮助了。 考点二含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气有时假设的条件不通过条件状语从句表达出来，而是隐含在某些词或短语中，或隐含在上下文中，这叫含蓄虚拟语气。常用的这类词或短语有：without(要是)没有；butfor要不是；otherwise/or否则等。例：—DoyouhaveBetty’sphonenumber?—你有贝蒂的电话号码吗？\n—Yes.Otherwise,Iwouldn’thavebeenabletoreachheryesterday.—是的，不然我昨天就不可能联系上她了。ManyofthethingswenowbenefitfromwouldnotbearoundbutforThomasEdison.要不是托马斯·爱迪生，我们现在从中获益的很多东西就不会存在。考点三虚拟语气在从句中的运用一、在名词性从句中的运用1．在表示要求、命令、建议、请求等动词后接的宾语从句中，以及这些动词的名词后接的同位语或表语从句中，谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”。常见的此类动词：一坚持(insist)、二命令(order,command)、三要求(require,demand,request)、四建议(suggest,advise,propose,recommend)。例：ShesuggestedthatDalejointhedebatingteam,believingthatpracticeinspeakingcouldgivehimtheconfidenceandrecognitionthatheneeded.她建议戴尔参加辩论队，她认为辩论队里的演讲练习会给予他所需要的信心和认可。Mysuggestionwasthatnecessarymeasures(should)betakentoprotectthechildrenfromdangeroussituations.我的建议是采取必要措施来保护孩子们远离危险的境遇。注意：当suggest作“暗示，表明”，insist作“坚持认为”讲时，从句要用陈述语气。例：Hissilencesuggestedthatheagreedwithmydecision.他的沉默表明他同意我的决定。Heinsistedthathehadn’tstolenthemoney.他坚持说他没有偷过钱。 2．在“Itis/was＋adj./done＋that...”句型中，从句中的谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”。常见的形容词或过去分词有important，necessary，strange，suggested，ordered，advised，requested，demanded等。例：Itisnecessarythatwe(should)cleantheroomeveryday.我们每天打扫房间是有必要的。Itisrequiredthatmiddleschoolstudents(should)takeatleastonehourexerciseeveryday.中学生被要求每天至少进行一个小时的锻炼。3．wish后宾语从句中的虚拟语气：情况从句谓语动词\n与现在事实相反过去式(be动词一般用were)与过去事实相反had＋过去分词与将来事实相反would/could/might＋动词原形例：Ellenisafantasticdancer.IwishIdancedaswellasher.埃伦是一个极出色的舞者。我希望我能够跳得和她一样好。Ifeelsosick.Iwishmymotherhadn’tforcedmetoeatsomuch.我想呕吐。我真希望我妈妈没强迫我吃这么多。4．wouldrather所接的宾语从句中，从句谓语动词用一般过去时，表示对现在或将来的虚拟；从句谓语动词用过去完成时，表示对过去的虚拟。例：Wewouldratherourdaughterstayedathomewithus,butitisherchoice,andsheisnotachildanylonger.我们宁愿女儿待在家，陪在我们身边，但是选择权在她手里，毕竟她不再是个孩子了。I’dratherhehadgonetotheseasidewithmethedaybeforeyesterday.5.在wouldyoumind+if从句中用过去时态。例：WouldyoumindifIopenedthewindow?如果我打开窗户，你不反对吧?比较：DoyoumindifIsmoke?我抽烟你不介意吧?6.在expect，believe，think，suspect等动词的否定或疑问形式后的宾语从句中；在Itisapity...，Itisashame...，Itisincredible...，Itisstrange...，Itisnowonder...等结构后的主语从句中；在Iamsorry、Weweresurprised，Theyweredisappointed等结构后的状语从句中用should十动词原形(或完成形式)，表示惊奇、惶惑、怀疑、不满等作用，意思为“竟然”，一般不可省略should。例：Ineverexpectedthattheproblemshouldbesocomplicated.我从来没想到问题竟然会这样复杂。Theyjustcouldn'tbelievethatthenewstadiumshouldbesobig.他们简直不相信新体育场竟会这样大。Itisagreatpitythatheshouldbesoconceited.真遗憾他竟会这样自高自大。考点四表示事与愿违的虚拟语气的用法。1.shouldhavedone=oughttohavedone本应该…例：Youshouldhavewornmoreclothesthatday.那天你本该多穿些衣服。2.shouldnothavedone/oughtnottohavedone本不应该\n例：Weshouldn'thavelefthimhomealone.我们本不该把他一个人留在家里。1.besupposedtodo本应该…例：Youaresupposedtodielikethat.像这样死去的本该是你。2.besupposedtohavedone本应该·例：Youaresupposedtohavereceivedtheletter.你本该早就收到那封信了。3.might(not)havedone可能(不可能)做过…例：Hemayhavefinishedhisworkalready.他可能已经完成他的工作了。4.needn'thavedone本没有必要.例：Youneedn'thavetypedtheletteryourself.你本不必自己把信打出来。5.couldhavedone本能够…例：Icouldhavearrivedthereontime.我本来能够按时到达。6.wouldliketohavedone=wouldhavelikedtodo本打算做…例：Iwouldliketohaveseenthefilmbutanunexpectedfriendcamelastnight.昨天晚上我本打算去看电影，但是一个朋友来了。7.meant/planned/hoped/wanted/thought/intended/supposed/expected...+tohavedone=hadmeant/hadplanned/hadhoped/hadwanted/hadthought/hadintended/hadsupposed/hadexpected...+todo本打算……，本以为……例：Ihopedtohavepassedtheexam,butIfailed.我本以为能通过考试，但失败了。=Ihadhopedtopasstheexam,butIfailed.考点五三个固定句式中的虚拟语气句式现在虚拟过去虚拟将来虚拟ifonly引导的条件句及感叹句过去式had＋过去分词would/could/might＋动词原形asif/though引导的表语从句及方式状语从句过去式had＋过去分词would/could/might＋动词原形Itis(high)timethat...过去式或should＋动词原形例：ItwasJohnwhobrokethewindow.WhyareyoutalkingtomeasifIhaddoneit?打破窗户的是约翰。为什么你说得好像是我打破的似的？\nItishightimethatwetook/shouldtakesomemeasurestosolvetheproblem.确实到了我们应该采取措施解决这个问题的时候了。Lookatthetroublewearein.Ifonlywehadtakenourteacher’sadvice!看看我们所处的困境，要是我们当初听从老师的建议该多好！注意：当asif/though引导的句子所叙述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时，从句要用陈述语气。 \n Ⅰ.单句语法填空(1)用括号内动词的正确形式填空(2)根据句子意义在空线处填入适当的情态动词。1.Asthedeadlineisdrawingnear，noone________leavewithhisownworkuncompleted.2.Johnwantstoseemenow,butIhavesomuchworkonhandthatIwouldratherhe________(come)tomorrowthantoday.3.Asaresult，Isuggestwe________(give)lesshomeworkandmoretimeforout-of-classroomactivities.Onlyinthiswaycanweliveahappyandhealthylife.4.Hewasstillrunningwithasmileonhisface，asifnothing________(happen).5.Ithasbeenacceptedthatallthestudents________putonmasksbeforegoingtoschoolincasetheyareinfectedwithfluvirus.6.Ifthenewsafetysystem________(bring)intouse，theaccidentwouldneverhavehappened.7.Whenyouphonedme,Iwashavingameeting;howIwishI________(answer)yourcall.8.Theordercamethatthemedicalsupplies________(send)totheearthquake-strickenareasoon.9.Itishightimethatyou________(consider)thatiftherewerenostressinyourlife,youwouldachievealittle.10.Iwasillthatday,otherwiseI________(take)partinthesportsmeet.11.—I________(not)thankyouenoughforwhatyouhavedoneforme.—You'rewelcome.12.Harryisfeelinguncomfortable.He________havedrunktoomuchatthepartylastnight，13.AsFatherandMotherthoughtitwasabigoccasionforme,theysuggestedI________(hold)abirthdaypartyathometocelebrateit.14.Ourheadmasterinsistedthatwe________(get)toschooltenminutesaheadoftime.15.—I’mafraidIhavetoleavenow,foryousee,heiswaitingforme.—Well,ifyou________,atleastwaittilltheheavyrainstops.16.Theyoungfirefighterinsistedthathe________(be)well-preparedandshouldbesenttheretoputoutthefire.17.Ifonlyhe________(tell)methenews!Ineedn'thavebeensobusythen.\n1.Allfactorstakenintoconsideration,Iinsistthatit________(be)everyone'sdutytoobservetrafficrulestokeepoursocietyinorder.2.It'srequestedthatallmembers________(present)attheparty.3.Theyinsistedthathe________presentatmymeeting·4.IfI________(have)thechance,Iwouldhaveaclonedbabyrightnow.5.Isuggestedthatyou________(leave)forairportanhourearlier.6.Don'thandlethevaseasifit________(be)madeofsteel.7.Thestudentsrequestthatmorefreetime________(give)tothemsothattheycandowhattheyareinterestedin.8.Theheadmastersuggestedthatthesportsmeeting________(put)offuntilnextweek.9.Thecommandwasthatthelecturehall________(decorate)thoroughlytowelcomethefamousprofessor.10.Thereisagoodsociallifeinthevillage,andIwishI________(have)asecondchancetobecomemoreinvolved.11.Theymighthavefoundabetterhotelifthey________(drive)afewmorekilometers.12.Ifwe________(catch)theflightyesterday,wewouldbeenjoyingourholidayonthebeachnow.13.________(have)thegovernmentsandscientistsnotworkedtogether,AIDS-relateddeathswouldnothavefallensincetheirhighestin2005.14.Georgecan't________(go)toofar.Hiscoffeeisstillwarm.15.Whydidn'tyoutellmeaboutyourtroublelastweek?Ifyou________(tell)me,Icouldhavehelped.16.IhaveworriedbeforeIcametothenewschool,formyclassmateshereareveryfriendlytome.17.—Sorry,Mum!Ifailedthejobinterviewagain.—Oh,it'stoobad.Youhavemadefullpreparations.Ⅱ.单句改错1.WheneverImademistakesandfeltdiscouraged,myteacherandmyclassmateswouldhelpmefigureouthowImusthaveavoidedthem.\n1.Weneedn’ttodosomuchhomework.Therefore,wehavemoretimeforafter-schoolactivities.2.Inmyopinion,bydongpart-timejobs,collegestudentsmustgainsomesocialexperienceandbroadentheiroutlooks.3.WhenIgotthepapers,IrealizedthatthingswouldhavebeenbetterifIlistenedtotheteacherattentively.4.Whenyouwalkintothegallery,youfeelasifyouareinsideafragile,whiteseashell.5.InordertohelpmewithmyEnglish,wespokeasmuchEnglishaswecanwhenweweretogether.6.Peopleneglectthefactthatourparentsarethedearestpersonsintheworld,soweshouldnicetoourparents.7.Hebecameveryangry,butIdarednottotellhimaboutthegame.8.Ishouldavailableanytimeafterschoolnextweek.9.Therefore,rulesshouldworkedoutandstrictlyobserved.11.Therewillalectureinourlibrary,at4:00onWednesdayafternoon.12.Itistruethatnooneshouldlivewithoutmoneyinmodernsociety.13.Mostimportantly,allofusmustbelieveineachotherandbeenhonestinourdailylife.14.However,ifwestresscooperationtoomuch,therewouldbenoprogress.15.Firstly,I'dliketoshowmyappreciationtothosewhostandbymealltheway,teachers，parentsandfriendsincluded.Withouttheirhelporadvice,mylifewillbedifferent.16.I’dratheryougohomenow.17.OurEnglishteachergaveusasuggestionthatwemadegooduseofourtime.Ⅲ.语篇填空(情态动词和虚拟语气)在空白处填上适当的情态动词或括号内单词的正确形式。AMissFang1.________(not)readforverylongwithhereyeshurt.Hermothertoldherthatshe2.________gotohospitalandseeadoctor.“You3.________seeadoctorassoonaspossible,”hermothersaid.“You4.________havepooreyesight.”\nWhenMissFanghadfreetime，shewenttohospital.Theclerksaidthatthedoctor5.________seeherat3：30.MissFangrepliedthatshe6.________notbeabletobethereat3:30,becauseshehadaclassthen.“Thedoctor7.________seeyouatabouttentofour,”theclerksuggested,“8.________Iarrangetheexaminationatabouttentofour,or9.________yourathercometomorrow?”MissFangthoughtshel0.________(not)wasteanymoretime.Theteacher11.________(not)beunhappyifsheaskedforpermissiontoleavetheclassalittleearlier,ashewasalwayssokindtoeveryone.Andshereplied,“IthinkI12.________makeitatabouttentofour.”MissFangwenttotheclass.Sheaskedherteacher,“13.________Ileaveat3:45today?MyeyeshurtandI14.________haveaneyeexamination.”Asexpected,theteachersaid,“Yes,ofcourseyou________.”BThebellforclassjustrangforthesecondtime，butTomdidn'tturnup.He1.________havearrivedatschoolearlierbecausetherewouldbeamathtestforthewholeclasstoday.Heisoneofthetopstudentsintheclass.Heusuallycomestoschoolontime.“He2.________beinclassnow,”thoughthismasterteacherMrs.Green.“I3.________makesurewhathashappenedtohim.”SoshewentoutoftheclassroomandrangupTom.“Hi，Tom!You4.________beatschoolnow.Whereareyou?”“Goodmorning,Mrs.Green.I'mstillathome.”“Why?Whydon'tyoucometoschooltoday?”“Mymotherisill,soI5.________lookafterherathome.”“Yourfathershouldbeathome,soyou6.________stayathometotakecareofher.”“Butmyfatherhasn'tgotbackfromworkyet.Iwillgotoschoolassoonasmyfathergetsback.”“OK.Butyou7.________comehereasquicklyaspossible,oryouwill8.________takeanothertestifyoufailthisone.”\nⅠ.单句语法填空1.shall2.came3.(should)begiven4.hadhappened5.shall6.hadbeenbrought7.hadanswered8.(should)besent9.considered/shouldconsider10.wouldhavetaken11.cant12.must13.(should)hold14.(should)get15.must16.was17.hadtold18.(should)be19.(should)bepresent20.(should)be21.had22.(should)leave23.were24.(should)begiven25.(should)beput26.(should)bedecorated27.had28.haddriven29.hadcaught30.Had31.havegone32.hadtold33.needn't34.shouldⅡ.单句改错1must→could2去掉to3must→can4在listened前加had5are→were6can→could7should后加be8删除to9should后加be10should后加be11will后加be12should→can13been→be14.stress→stressed或would-→will15will→would16go→went17made→makeⅢ.短文语法填空A1.couldn't2.should3.should4.may/might5.could6.would7.can8.Shall9.would10.shouldn't11.shouldn't12.can13.May/Can/Could14.must15.can/mayB\n1.should/oughtto2.should/oughtto3.must4.oughtto5.haveto/must6.needn't/don'thaveto7.must8.haveto
