课时提能练(十四)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2020·山西省六校阶段性测试)Mybestfriendtraveledtostaywithmyfamilylastweekend.Whenshearrived，shewentstraighttothekitchenand，withoutasking，atesomedriedfruit.Shewasn'tbeingrude.Iknewshewoulddothis.We'veknowneachotherforalmost20years.Shecaneatanythingshewantsfrommykitchen.Indeed，Iboughtherfavoritefruitsandsnacksattheshopthatmorning.Ourlongweekendtogetherwassimple.Iwasrecoveringfromsurgeryandcouldn'tgotoshoppingmalls.Wepassedthetimerunningerrands(差事),butthere'sneverbeenaquietmoment.We'velivedindifferentcitiesforalmostadecade.Reunionsdemandconversation.Ourpersonalitiesarematched，tobesure，andasharedhistoryisindescribablyvaluable.Wewerecompetitorsathighschoolbeforebonding.Thenwediscoveredthemanyintereststhatwehadincommon.Ourfriendshipdevelopeditselfquickly.Westayedcompanionsandsupportedeachotherthroughlawschoolandthroughourfirstjobs.Oursisafriendshipfortheages.Thereissomethingspecialaboutfriendswhoknoweverythingaboutyou.Theyarerare.Theyhaveseenyourbrightlightsofachievements，thedepthsofdesperationandtheboringroutineoftheinbetween.It'sspecialtounpackfeelingswithoutwastingtimefillingintheblanks.Asmylongweekendshows，withsuchfriendswedon'thaveto“do”，wesimplyhaveto“be”．Wedroptheact，theperformance，thepublicversionofourselves.Thespecialfriendshipsarethosewhichneverfailtodelight，whosecontinuationisworththeextraeffort，despitedistanceanddifferenceinyourseparatelives.Ihadtheverygreatjoyofthisreminderlastweekend.I'mluckytohavefoundthisfriend，andtoseeafuturewherehercompanionshipremains.Beingtogetherisperfection.【语篇解读】 作者从与最好的朋友共度的平凡周末切入，回顾了和她共同的生活经历，感叹好的友情珍贵而难得。1．WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceindicateinParagraph2?A．Theyquarrelledattimes.B．Theyhadanoisyweekend.C．Theywerebusyrunningerrands.D．Theytalkedconstantlyabouttheirlives.\nD [句意理解题。根据画线句后的“We'velivedindifferentcitiesforalmostadecade.Reunionsdemandconversation.”可知，作者和好朋友近十年都生活在不同的城市，每次的相聚都会畅谈生活。故选D。]2．Whatdoestheauthorappreciateabouttheirfriendship?A．They'recomfortablejustbeingthemselves.B．Theyhelpeachotherachieveintheirfields.C．Theyinspireeachothertobetheirbestselves.D．They'rebestfriendsdespitedifferenthobbies.A [推理判断题。根据第四段中的“withsuchfriendswedon'thaveto‘do’，wesimplyhaveto‘be’．Wedroptheact，theperformance，thepublicversionofourselves”可知，作者与好朋友在一起的时候不需要做什么事情，只需要做自己就好，她们无需表演。故选A。]3．Whatmessageisconveyedinthelastparagraph?A．Friendsareareminderofjoy.B．Goodfriendshipsneeddevotion.C．Specialfriendshipsmayfailtodelight.D．Distanceanddifferencebringfriendship.B [细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Thespecialfriendshipsarethosewhichneverfailtodelight，whosecontinuationisworththeextraeffort，despitedistanceanddifferenceinyourseparatelives.”可知，作者认为特别的友谊总能让人感到愉悦，尽管朋友之间有距离有差异，但是这种友情的延续值得额外的付出，即好的友谊需要付出。故选B。]4．Whydoestheauthorwritethistext?A．Toexpressthankstoherbestfriend.B．Toexplorethemeaningoffriendship.C．Todescribewhatherbestfriendislike.D．Tosharethefriendshipshetreasures.D [写作目的题。通读全文可知，作者借助本文分享了她与好朋友之间的特殊友谊，从与好朋友的相处细节入手，回顾了她们共同的成长经历和温暖回忆，最后感叹好的友情珍贵而难得。故选D。]【易错点拨】本题易错选B项“为了探索友谊的意义”，此选项表达的含义过于宽泛，文章主要描述的是作者和好朋友之间的特殊友谊，进而感叹好的友谊珍贵而难得。故B项错误。B(2020·长春市质量监测)Anargumentisanexchangeofviewsbetweenpeoplewhodo\nnotagreewitheachother.Someargumentsturnintoangryquarrels.Suppose，afriendborrowedyourcarandleftitfulloffastfoodrubbish.Whatifyoudealtwiththesituationthisway：YOU:Whydidyouleaveallthattrashinmycar?It'sanabsolutemess，andI'mtiredofyoualwaysbeingsoinconsiderate.FRIEND：Lookwho'stalking.You'resuchaslob(邋遢鬼)thatIdidn'tthinkyou'dnotice.Howdidaminorincidentturnintosuchanunpleasantexchange?Youwereangryandfeelingasthoughyourkindnesswasbeingabused.Soinsteadoftalkingwithyourfriend，youyelledathim.“Whydidyou”wasachallenge.That'swhyyourfriendimmediatelywentonthedefensiveandyelledback.Nowtheargumentisover.Infact，youdon'tfeelsatisfiedwiththefactthatyou'vetoldhimoff！Intheheatofthemoment，hesaidsomethingthathurtsyourfeelings.Andperhapsyoudidn'treallymeanwhatyousaid.Howcanyouavoidsuchsituations?Learntoargueinabetterway.Trysomethinglikethis：YOU:Idon'tlikeitwhenyouleavetrashinmycar.Itmakesmefeellikeyoudon'trespectme.FRIEND:You'reright.Itwasveryinconsiderate.Iwon'tdoitagain.Beforespeaking，takeadeepbreathandgetcontrolofyouranger.Thewordsyouusewillletyourfriendknowspecificallywhatisbotheringyouandmostimportantly，treathimwithrespect.Sohewillrespondinthesameway.Alsonoticethatbegintheargumentwiththepronoun“I”．Anargumentbeginningwith“Youdid...”isgenerallyachallenge.Whatusuallyfollowsiscriticismoraninsult.Anditgoesdownhillfastfromthere.Using“I”inargumentswon'teliminatealldisagreements，butitcancertainlycutdownontheyelling.【语篇解读】 本文以一个例子为主线，介绍了在争论中应学会使用代词“我”。这虽不能消除所有的分歧，但它确实可以减少争吵，使交流更顺畅。5．Howmayyoufeelafteranunpleasantargumentwithyourfriend?A．Dissatisfiedandregretful.B．Stillwantingtoargue.C．Satisfiedwiththeyell.D．Challengedbytheargument.\nA [推理判断题。根据第五段中的“youdon'tfeelsatisfied”“Andperhapsyoudidn'treallymeanwhatyousaid”可推知，在与朋友发生不愉快的争论后，你可能会不高兴并后悔。故选A。]6．Whichcanprobablyreplacetheunderlinedphrase“Intheheatofthemoment”？A．Whenitwashotoutside.B．Whenthetalkbecameexciting.C．Whentheargumentgotemotional.D．Whenyourfriendwaswarmerthanever.C [推理判断题。根据画线部分后的“hesaidsomethingthathurtsyourfeelings”可知，他说了一些伤害你感情的话。并结合语境可推知，画线短语的含义与C项“当争论变得情绪化时”意思相符。故选C。]7．Whichsentencemightbeusedinan“I”argument?A．Youaremakingmefeelbad.B．What'sthematterwithyou?C．Whatonearthareyoutellingme?D．Itmakesmefeelbadwhenhearingthat.D [推理判断题。根据第七段中的“Itmakesmefeellikeyoudon'trespectme.”以及最后两段的内容可知，D项符合题意。]8．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Winningargumentswithotherpeople.B．Makingsurethatpeopledowhatyouwant.C．Usingthe“I”methodtocommunicatebetter.D．Avoidinghavingdisagreementwithfriends.C [主旨大意题。通读全文可知，最后一段“Using‘I’inarguments...cutdownontheyelling.”为全文的中心句，并结合文章其他内容可知，本文通过一个例子介绍了在争论中使用代词“我”会使交流更顺畅。故选C。]Ⅱ.完形填空(2020·烟台市高考诊断性测试)Mytwinsister，Dawn，bornwithcerebralpalsy(脑瘫)，hastowearbraces(背带)onherlegsandwalkwiththehelpofastick，oftencausingpeopleto1andpoint.AsDawnwastheonly“different”childinourneighborhood，wewereconstantlypickedon.Weneverhadanyfriendsbecauseofhercondition.Ibeganto2Dawnandwasembarrassedtobeseenwithher.SoIdideverythingtogetherintotrouble\nto3herbeingbornmentallyandphysicallydisabled.WhenIturnedtwelve，mymotherwassodispleasedwithmybehavior.ShefiguredIwas4enoughtoknowbetter.Onedayshethrewmeinmybedroomandgavemeathickyellowbook.WhatIsawinthatbook5thewayIviewedmydisabledsister.Thereweremanybaby6ofDawnandmedressedalike，theonly7：IlookedsmallandpeacefulwhileDawnwashookeduptotubesandneedlesandmachines.Ifyoulookedclosely，youcouldseethe8inhereyesthoughshewasalwayssmiling.Onepicturestoodout:wewere9eachother.Thewordsbelowread，“I'msohappytohaveatwinsister，Netti.Thedoctorsmakemecry.Shemakesme10.”Lookingback，Irealizedhow11Ihadbeen!IhadneverputmyselfinDawn'sshoes!Feeling12，Icriedmyselftosleep.Later，Dawncametowakemeupfordinner.Ikissedherandhuggedher13likeinthepicture.Fromthenon，IwasDawn's14.Noonewasgoingtohurtherforanyreason.Weare15.Iamtheotherhalfofherandsheismyworld.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者对脑瘫的双胞胎姐姐态度的转变的故事。1．A.complain B．wander C．stare D．envyC [根据上下文推测，作者的姐姐患有脑瘫，需要借助拐杖行走，经常会有人盯着她看(stare)并指指点点。]2．A.hateB．pityC．disturbD．warnA [根据上文可知，因为姐姐脑瘫，作者她们交不到任何朋友，所以作者开始讨厌(hate)姐姐。]3．A.putupwithB．makeuseofC．keeptrackofD．getbackatD [因为作者讨厌姐姐，所以她竭尽所能地去报复姐姐。getbackatsb.“向某人报复”符合语境。putupwith“容忍，忍受”；makeuseof“利用”；keeptrackof“与……保持联系”。]4．A.patientB．oldC．cleverD．confidentB [当作者十二岁时，妈妈对其行为非常不满，她认为作者年龄足够大，能知道是非。故选old。]\n5．A.formedB．changedC．explainedD．confirmedB [由上下文可知，妈妈给作者的那本厚厚的书饱含姐姐的深情，从而改变了作者对姐姐的看法。]6．A.picturesB．clothesC．toysD．storiesA [由下文中的“Onepicturestoodout”可知选A。]7．A.problemB．spotlightC．similarityD．differenceD [由下文给出的对比可知，作者和姐姐唯一不同之处(difference)是：作者看起来很小和安静，而姐姐被接上了管子、针管和医疗机器。]8．A.courageB．disappointmentC．painD．concernC [由后面的转折(虽然她总是微笑)可推知，你仔细看的话可以看出她眼中的痛苦(pain)。因为姐姐正在治疗，所以会疼痛。]9．A.huggingB．supportingC．comfortingD．praisingA [根据下文中的“huggedher________likeinthepicture”可知选A.]10．A.improveB．thinkC．laughD．surviveC [由语境可知，空处与cry对应，故选C。]11．A.rudeB．selfishC．responsibleD．innocentB [回首过去作者对姐姐的种种不好，作者意识到自己非常的自私。下文的“IhadneverputmyselfinDawn'sshoes”也是提示。selfish“自私的”。]12．A.helplessB．unhappyC．desperateD．ashamedD [作者此时幡然悔悟，此前对姐姐太无情，所以感到非常羞愧(ashamed)。]13．A.politelyB．seriouslyC．tightlyD．purposelyC [作者亲吻了姐姐并且像照片里一样紧紧地拥抱了姐姐。]14．A.protectorB．assistantC．educatorD．consultantA [由下文作者提到的不让任何人以任何理由去伤害姐姐可知，作者成了姐姐的保护者\n(protector)。]15．A.irreplaceableB．undefeatableC．unimaginableD．inseparableD [由下文提到的作者是姐姐的另一半，姐姐是作者的世界可知，作者和姐姐是不可分离的(inseparable)。]Ⅲ.语法填空(2020·台州市教学质量评估)“Betruetoyourself”isa1.________(common)usedsayingencouragingindividualstomakedecisionsaccordingtotheirownbeliefs.However，oneshouldalwaystakeinto2.________(consider)thethoughtsandopinionsofothers，because3.________outsidercanoftenseethesituationfromadifferentpointofview，4.________(offer)adifferentwayofgoingabouttheproblem.JohnF．KennedyduringtheCubanMissileCrisissoughttheadviceofothers5.________howtohandlethesituationandendedupmakingtherightdecisions.LilyfromEdithWharton's“HouseofMirth”was6.________(able)tolistentotheadviceofothersandconsequentlymadepoordecisions.Askingfortheopinionsofothersforpersonalorprofessionaldecisions7.________(help)oneavoidmakingthewrongdecision.Thoughitisimportanttoremaintrueto8.________eachofustrulybelievesin，weareexpected9.________(keep)oneearopentoobjectiveopinions.Withoutthethoughtsofothers，wewillfind10.________moredifficulttoseetheweaknessinourownargumentsandwithoutthisselfreflectionwecannevergrow.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。分析了听取他人的意见和建议的重要性。1．commonly [考查词性转换。修饰过去分词“used”要用副词，故填commonly。]2．consideration [考查固定搭配。takesth.intoconsideration意为“考虑到某事”。]3．an [考查冠词。此处可数名词“outsider”表泛指，且其发音以元音音素开头，故要用不定冠词an。]4．offering [考查非谓语动词。此处用现在分词短语“offeringadifferentwayofgoingabouttheproblem”作伴随状语。]5．on/about [考查介词。此处用介词on/about接在名词advice后，意为“关于”。]6．unable [考查形容词。根据下文的“consequentlymadepoordecisions”可知，Lily不能够听从他人的意见，以至于经常做出一些差劲的决定，故填unable。]7．helps/willhelp [考查时态和主谓一致。“Askingfortheopinionsofothersfor\npersonalorprofessionaldecisions”为动名词短语作主语，看作单数，且本句可表示一般情况，还可表示将来一种必然的趋势或倾向。故填helps/willhelp。]8．what [考查宾语从句。此处用what引导宾语从句，作介词to的宾语，且该引导词在从句中作介词in的宾语。]9．tokeep [考查非谓语动词。beexpectedtodosth.意为“被期望去做某事”。]10．it [考查代词。此处用it作形式宾语，代替下文中的“toseetheweaknessinourownarguments”。]
