课时提能练(十三)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2020·武汉市部分学校质量监测)NoteTakingNotetakingasanaccommodationisavailableonlytostudentswhohavedocumenteddisabilitiesandareregisteredwithQueen'sStudentAccessibilityServices(QSAS)．Notetakingisapprovedforstudentswithdisabilityrelatedfunctionallimitationsthatmakeitdifficultforthemtoaccessacademicinformationpresentedinclass.Thereisawiderangeofreasonswhystudentsmayrequirenotetakingasanaccommodation，includingstudentswith：·hearingloss，whomayhavedifficultyhearingtheinstructorwhilewritingnotesatthesametime·visionloss，whomayhavedifficultyseeinginformationpresentedonoverheadscreens·mentalhealthconditionsorattentionrelateddisabilities，whomayhavedifficultyattendingtoorallypresentedinformationwhiletakingnotes·learningdisabilities，whomayhavedifficultyrecordingnoteswheninformationispresentedorally·physicaldisabilities，whomayhavepainrelateddifficultiesAccessibilityadvisersconsiderastudent'sdescriptionoftheirneedfornotetakingalongwithinformationcontainedintheirdisabilitydocumentationandthetypeofcourseinapprovingnotetakingasaformalaccommodation.OnlineNoteTakingPortalQSASisinchargeoftheexchangeofnotestakenbystudentvolunteernotetakersandstudentsregisteredwithQSASviaoursecureonlinenotetakingportal.Thepagesinthissectionprovideinformationforstudentswithdisabilities，volunteernotetakersandinstructorsonrequestingnotetaking，signinguptobeavolunteernotetakerandassistingQSASinrecruitingvolunteernotetakers.Ifyouareastudentseekingthenotetakingaccommodation，pleaseclickheretoreadtheStartingYourAccommodationinformation.【语篇解读】 本文介绍了为有障碍的学生提供的特色服务——记笔记，包括服务对象应具备的条件和提供服务的门户网站。1．Notetakingisavailabletostudents________.\nA．lackingconfidenceB．withlossofearningsC．losinginterestinstudyD．withconcentrationproblemsD [细节理解题。根据NoteTaking部分中的“mentalhealthconditionsorattentionrelateddisabilities...whiletakingnotes”可知，有精神健康疾病和注意力障碍的学生可以申请该服务，故D项正确。]2．Whatshouldstudentspresenttoaccessibilityadviserswhenapplyingfornotetaking?A．Descriptionoftheiraccommodation.B．Recordsoftheiracademicperformance.C．Filesontheirpastnotetakingexperiences.D．Accountsoftheirrequirements.D [细节理解题。根据NoteTaking部分尾句中的“Accessibilityadvisersconsiderastudent'sdescriptionoftheirneedfornotetakingalongwithinformationcontainedintheirdisabilitydocumentation”可知，学生在申请记笔记服务时，应当描述他们的需求，故D项正确。account在此处意为“描述，叙述”。]3．WhatcandisabledstudentsdoviaOnlineNoteTakingPortal?A．Askfornotetaking.B．Applytobeavolunteer.C．Offernotes.D．Learntotakenotes.A [细节理解题。根据OnlineNoteTakingPortal部分中的“Thepagesinthissectionprovideinformationforstudentswithdisabilities...requestingnotetaking”可知，残疾学生可以通过这个门户网站申请记笔记服务，故A项正确。]B(2020·长沙市统一模拟)“Payitforward”isanewsayingwhichmeansdonatingmoneyorperforminggooddeedswithouthopingforrecognition.Asfarasthereceiverofthemoney，gift，orgooddeedisconcerned，heorsheistoldonlytodosomethinggoodforsomeoneelse.WhenScott，ahomelessman，spenthislast$15，hewasn'tlookingatitasaninvestment，butit'sabouttopayhimhugeprofits.Afterhehelpedawomanwhoranoutofgas，shereturnedthefavorbyraisingalotmoreontheInternet.\nEmilyMcClure,26，wasdrivinghomewhensheranoutofgashalfway.“Hesawmepulloverandknewsomethingwaswrong，”shewrote.“Hetoldmetogetbackinthecarandlockthedoors.Afewminuteslater，hecamebackwitharedgascan，usinghislast15dollarstomakesureIcouldgethomesafely.”Shecouldn'trepayhimatthattimebecauseshehadnocashwithher.“Ihavebeenstoppingbyhisspotforthepastfewweeks.Irepaidhimforthegasandgavehimsomeclothes.”Emilydecidedtodomoreforhim，soshestartedacrowdfunding(众筹)campaignonGoFundMe，anditquicklygainedfarbeyonditsinitial$10,000goal.Whenitreached$100,000，thefundraisingpagewasshutdownforatimeatScott'srequest.Hedidn'twantpeopletothinkhewastakingadvantageofthesituation.Finally，Emilysaidthatsherestarteditbecausethepublicinteresthadnotdecreased.ShealsoaddedthatScottplannedtodonatetheresttoagoodcause.AccordingtoTheWashingtonTimes，ScottwantstogetajobatawarehouseandadepartmentmanagerfromacompanyhasalreadyreachedouttoScott.【语篇解读】 无家可归的斯科特用自己最后的15美元帮助了在中途车没油的艾米丽；为回报他，艾米丽在网络上发起众筹，然而斯科特却把筹集来的多余的钱捐赠给了慈善机构，他以这种方式奉献社会，社会最终以一份不错的工作回报了他。4．WhydidScottbuyacanofgasforEmily?A．Togethugeprofitsfromher.B．Togetajobtomakealiving.C．Togetachancetobecomefamous.D．Tomakesureshecouldgethomesafely.D [细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，斯科特用他最后的15美元为艾米丽买了一罐汽油，以确保她能安全回家，故D项正确。]5．Whywasthefundraisingpageclosedforatime?A．Peoplehadnomoreinterestindonation.B．Emilywastoobusytomakeeffortsforit.C．Scottwasunwillingtobeconsideredgreedy.D．Thegoaltoraise$10,000hadbeenachieved.C [细节理解题。根据第五段第二句和第三句可知，资金筹集网页关闭是应斯科特的要求，因为他不想让人觉得自己是在利用这种形势，即斯科特不愿意被认为是贪婪的，故C项正确。]6．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesScott?\nA．Flexiblebutmean.B．Caringandsupportive.C．Honestbutstubborn.D．Aggressiveanddemanding.B [推理判断题。根据第三段的内容以及第五段中的“Scottplannedtodonatetheresttoagoodcause.”可知，当斯科特发现艾米丽的车子没油停在半路的时候，他让艾米丽回到车里锁好车门，并用自己最后的15美元为艾米丽买了一罐汽油以确保她能安全回家；他还计划把筹集来的多余的钱捐给一个做好事的组织，由此可推知，他关心他人而且能够给予他人帮助，故B项正确。]7．Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusfromthetext?A．Twoheadsarebetterthanone.B．Onegoodturndeservesanother.C．Oneman'smeatisanotherman'spoison.D．Abirdinthehandisworthtwointhebush.B [写作意图题。根据第二段尾句“Afterhehelpedawoman...ontheInternet.”并结合全文内容可知，本文讲述了无家可归的斯科特帮助了艾米丽，社会也帮助了斯科特的故事，说明了好人有好报的道理。故B项正确。]C(2020·河北省名校联考)Inmanywalksoflifeandinmanysituations，persuadingpeopletodowhatyouwantthemtodoisthekeytosuccess.Researchershavelookedintodifferentaspectsofpersuasionandcomeupwithsomeinterestingresultswhicharesurelyhelpfultous.OneadvertisingcopywritercameupwithanapproachtosellingaproductonaTVshoppingchannelviaphonesales.Insteadofbeinginstructed“Operatorsarewaiting，pleasecallnow”，viewersweretold“Ifoperatorsarebusy，pleasecallagain”．Theresultswereextraordinary.Theadsuggestedoperatorsweren'tsittingaroundhopingpeoplewouldcall.Insteadthereweresomanypeoplewantingtheproductthatpeoplemighthavetowaituntiltheycouldgetit.Whatroledoeschoicehaveinpersuadingpeopletobuyorgetsomething?Onestudyinasupermarketshowedtheeffectofchoice.Aparticularsupermarketdisplayedeither6or24differentkindsofjam.Thelargedisplayattractedmoreinterestthanthesmallone.Butwhenthetimecametopurchasethings，peoplewhosawthelargedisplaywereonetenthaslikelytobuy.Iftheydobuy，theyarelesscontentwiththeir\nselection，eventhoughtheyhavemadeagoodchoice.Awiderrangeofchoicesrequiremoretimeandeffortandleadtounreasonablyhighexpectations.Anotheraspectofpersuasionconcernsgettingsomeonetochangetheirminds.It'shardtoprovetosomeonethatapreviousdecisioniswrong，andaspeoplegetoldertheygetlessandlesswillingtochangetheirminds.Peoplewantthingstobeunwavering;theywanttheirattitudes，statements，valuesandactionstofollowasetpattern.Theonlywaytopersuadethemtochangeistoacknowledgethisbyagreeingthatthepreviousdecisiontheymadeisaperfectlyunderstandableone.Thisallowsthemtofocusonyoursuggestionwithoutfeelingtheirpreviousdecisioniswrong.Asaresult，theymaybepersuadedtobreakoutoftheirestablishedpattern.【语篇解读】 说服别人对取得成功至关重要，作者在文中介绍了在实际生活中说服别人的不同方式，以展示应该如何做说服工作。8．Whatdoestheadvertisingcopywriterwanttoindicateabouttheproduct?A．It'sindemand. B．It'srare.C．It'sforsale.D．It'sprecious.A [推理判断题。根据第二段的“Theadsuggestedoperatorsweren'tsittingaroundhopingpeoplewouldcall.Insteadthereweresomanypeoplewantingtheproductthatpeoplemighthavetowaituntiltheycouldgetit.”可知，告知观众“如果接线员正忙，请再呼叫”，而不是“接线员正在等待，请现在呼叫”是一种说服策略。接线员正忙，说明订购的人多，暗示产品受到大家的认可，很抢手，故选A。indemand“需求大”。]9．WhatdoesthestudymentionedinParagraph3show?A．Moreselectionsbringmoreactions.B．Increasedchoicedecreasessatisfaction.C．Moreandmorepeopledon'twanttochoose.D．Somechoicesaremoreattractivethanothers.B [细节理解题。根据第三段的“Iftheydobuy，theyarelesscontentwiththeirselection，eventhoughtheyhavemadeagoodchoice.Awiderrangeofchoicesrequiremoretimeandeffortandleadtounreasonablyhighexpectations”可知，选择的范围变大，会增加人们对自己的决定的不满，因为更多的选择需要投入更多的时间和更大的努力，人们也会产生过高的期望，由此可知本题选B。]10．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“unwavering”inthelastparagraphmean?A．Reliable.B．Demanding.C．Unique.D．Consistent.D\n [词义猜测题。画线词前面谈到“随着年龄的增长，人们越来越不愿意改变自己的想法”，该词后面谈到“人们希望自己的态度、言论、价值观和行动都遵循既定的模式”。由此推知画线词所在句应表示人们希望事情(观点、决定等)始终如一，故画线词与consistent“一致的，始终如一的”意义相近。reliable“可靠的”；demanding“要求高的”；unique“独特的”。]11．Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?A．Tocomparedifferentformsofpersuasion.B．Todiscussvariousstudiesonpersuasion.C．Toteachhowtogetbetteratpersuasion.D．Toanalyzehowpersuasionaffectssuccess.C [写作目的题。根据第一段内容可知，说服影响着人们的成功，研究人员研究了说服的不同方面，得出了一些有趣的结果，这些结果会对我们有帮助。下文作者介绍了三个方面的说服案例和说服策略，其目的很明显：教人们如何更好地说服别人做某事。]Ⅱ.阅读七选五(2020·合肥市调研性检测)Anacquaintancehassomethingincommonwithyouandmerelyenjoysyourcompanyforashorttime.Afairweatherfriendflatters(讨好)youwhenthesunisshiningandthebirdsaresinging.1Theywouldneverdothefollowingthings.Walkawaywhentimesgettough.Truefriendshipisallabouthowapersonhelpsanotherpersonwhentheyaredownandcangiveverylittleinreturn.Thus，takenoteofwhoremainsinyourlifewhentimesgettough.Seriously，whenyougetintoadifficultperiodinyourlife，lookaroundyou.2Holdhatred(憎恨)overyourhead.Somepeoplewillrefusetoacceptthatyouarenolongerwhoyouusedtobe—thatyoumademistakesinthepast，learnedfromthem，andmovedbeyondthem.3Instead，theyhelpyourepairyourpresentandfuture.Pretendliketheyhavealltheanswers.Youmaythinkaboutthepeoplewhohavehadthegreatestpositiveeffectonyourlife—theoneswhotrulymadeadifference.4Truefriendsaretheoneswhositsilentlywithyouwhenyouneedamomenttothink.They'dalwayslendyouashoulderwhenyouneedtocry.5Youdeservetobewithfriendswhomakeyousmile—friendswhodon'ttakeyouforgranted.Whenyounoticethatafriendisalwaystakingadvantageofyouinsteadofofferinghelpwhenyouneed，youmightneedtodistanceyourselffromthemforawhile.Atruefriendshouldwanttogive，buttheyshouldn'tbeforcedtoalwaysgivemorethantheyget.\nA．Letyoudown.B．Takefromyouwithoutgivingback.C．Thepeoplestillstandingbesideyouareyourtruefriends.D．Truefriendsneverholdtheunchangeablepastagainstyou.E．Truefriendsloveandappreciateeachotherjustthewaytheyare.F．Atruefriend，ontheotherhand，hasyourverybestinterestsatheart.G．However，you'llsoonrealizethattheyaren'ttheonesthattriedtosolveallyourproblems.【语篇解读】 泛泛之交仅会陪伴你简短的时间，不能共患难的朋友仅在形势好的时候讨好你，只有真正的朋友会与你同甘共苦。他们在你经历困难时总是站在你身旁，绝不抓住你的过去不放，愿意为你付出。1．F [根据上文可知，泛泛之交与你有共同点，仅会短时间陪伴你；同甘不共苦的朋友会在情况良好时讨好你；根据空后一句可知，他们绝不会做如下的事情(即下文中的不与你同患难等)。据此可推知，空处表述的内容与上文陈述的泛泛之交和同甘不共苦的朋友的行为作对比，陈述真正的朋友的行为，故F项正确。]2．C [通读该段可知，真正的朋友不会在你困难时离开；由空前一句可知，当你处于困难时期时，要看看周围的人；据此可推知，在困难时期仍然站在你身边的人才是你真正的朋友。C项与此处匹配。]3．D [根据空后一句可知，相反，他们帮助你补救当前和未来；据此可知，空处应是陈述真正的朋友的行为，即真正的朋友从来不会抓住你不可改变的过去不放；故D项正确。]4．G [根据该段前两句可知，真正的朋友绝不装作什么都知道；根据空后一句可知，真正的朋友是当你需要片刻时间思考时默默地坐在你身边的人。据此可推知，G项“然而，你将很快意识到他们不是试图解决你所有问题的人”符合语境，衔接上下文。]5．B [根据文章结构和空处所在位置可知，空处为该段的主题句；根据上文每段第一句可知，该处应为祈使句；根据该段尾句可知，真正的朋友会想去付出。据此可知，该段主要陈述真正的朋友不是从你那里一味地索取，故B项正确。]
