题型重组练(三)(限时30分钟)对应学生用书(单独成册)第146页Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2020·福州适应性检测)YourcircleoffriendsmayhelpyougetabetterreadingonyouroverallhealthandwellnessratherthanjustusingwearabledevicessuchasaFitbit，accordingtoresearchers.Thestudy，publishedinthejournalPLOSONE，analyzedwhatthestructureofthesocialnetworksaysaboutthestateofhealth，happinessandstress.“Wewereinterestedinthetopology(拓扑学)ofthesocialnetwork—whatmypositionwithinmysocialnetworkpredictsaboutmyhealthandwellbeing，”saidNiteshVChawla，aprofessorattheUniversityofNotreDame.“Whatwefoundwasthatthesocialnetworkstructureprovidesasignificantimprovementinpredictabilityofthewellnessstateofanindividualoverjustusingthedataobtainedfromwearabledevices，likethenumberofstepsortheheartrate，”Chawlasaid.Forthestudy，participantsworeaFitbittocapturehealthbehaviordataaboutwalking，sleeping，theheartrateandtheoverallactivitylevel.Theyalsocompletedsurveysandselfassessmentoftheirstress，happinessandpositivity.Chawlaandhisteamthenanalyzedthedatawithamachinelearningmodel，alongsidethecharacteristicsofanindividual'ssocialnetwork.Thestudyshowedastrongcorrelation(相关性)betweensocialnetworkstructuresandtheheartrate，thenumberofstepsandthelevelofactivity.Thesocialnetworkstructureprovidedasignificantimprovementinpredictingone'shealthandwellbeingcomparedtojustlookingathealthbehaviordatafromtheFitbitalone.Forexample，whenthesocialnetworkstructureiscombinedwiththedatafromwearabledevices，themachinelearningmodelachieveda65percentimprovementinpredictinghappiness.Themodelalsoachieveda54percentimprovementinpredictingone'sselfassessedhealthprediction，a55percentimprovementinpredictingthepositiveattitudeanda38percentimprovementinpredictingsuccess.Thisstudyasserts(断言)thatwithoutsocialnetworkinformation，weonlyhaveanincompleteviewofanindividual'swellnessstate.Tobefullypredictive，itiscriticaltobeawareofthesocialnetwork，Chawlasaid.[语篇解读] 研究发现，比起仅仅通过设备去掌握自己的健康状况，结合社交网络结构能让人们更好地了解自己的健康状况。不通过社交网络信息的健康状况评价是不全面的。1．Whatdidthestudyfind?A．Howpeoplechoosetheirfriendcircles.B．Whatfactorsdecideyourfriendcircles.C．Howyourcircleoffriendsinfluencesyou.D．Whatyourcircleoffriendssaysaboutyourhealth.解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的内容可知，研究人员说，朋友圈有助于人们更好地了解自己的健康状况；再结合第二段的内容可知，D项正确。答案：D2．Howdidtheresearchersdrawtheirconclusions?A．Bycomparingdata.B．Bygivingexamples.C．Byanalyzingcauseandeffect.\nD．Bydescribingpersonalexperiences.解析：推理判断题。倒数第二段和倒数第三段都给出了数据来说明设备结合社交网络结构能更好地预测人的健康等其他方面。据此可推知，研究人员是通过比较数据的方法得出结论的，故A项正确。答案：A3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“critical”meaninthelastparagraph?A．Easy. B．Common.C．Important.D．Challenging.解析：词义猜测题。根据尾段第一句可知，如果没有社交网络信息，我们对人的健康状况的了解是不全面的；结合语境可知，画线词所在句表示要想充分预测人的健康状况，了解社交网络是至关重要的。据此可知，C项正确。答案：C4．WhatdoChawla'swordsinthelastparagraphtellus?A．Howfitnessdevicescanbeconnectedwithyourcircleoffriends.B．Thataperson'ssocialnetworkispartofhishealthpicture.C．Thebestwaystomakefriendsandkeepahealthysocialcircle.D．Thatwearabledevicesarenotusefulforunderstandingsomeone'shealth.解析：推理判断题。根据尾段中Chawla所说的话可知，要想充分预测人的健康状况，了解社交网络是至关重要的。据此可推知，个人的社交网络是描述一个人的健康状况的一部分，故B项正确。答案：B词汇积累：Para.1：readingn．理解 wellnessn．健康 wearableadj.可穿戴的 Para.4：improvementn．改进处 Para.5：selfassessmentn．自我评估(或评价) Para.11：incompleteadj.不完整的，不完全的，不完善的B(2020·山西省重点中学联考)InanewstudypublishedintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences，researchersstudiedironrichrocksfoundinAustralia，Namibia，andCaliforniatogetawindowintotheenvironmentalconditionsduringtheiceage.Byexaminingthechemistryoftheironstructureintheserocks，theresearcherswereabletoworkouttheapproximateamountofoxygenintheoceansaround700millionyearsagoandbetterunderstandtheeffectsthiswouldhavehadonalloxygendependentlifeinoceans.“Theevidencesuggeststhatalthoughmuchoftheoceansduringthedeepfreezewouldhavebeenimpossibletoliveinduetoalackofoxygen，inareaswheretheicesheetbeginstofloatthereisagoodsupplyofmeltwater(融水)withoxygen.Withtheicesheetbeginningtomelt，theairbubblesinitarereleasedintothewater，givingtheoceanoxygen.Wecallthisphenomenona‘glacial(冰川的)oxygenpump’，”saysMaxwellLechte，aresearcherintheDepartmentofEarthandPlanetarySciencesatMcGillUniversity.Around700millionyearsago，theEarthexperiencedthemostsevereiceageofitshistory，threateningthesurvivalofmostoftheplanet'slife.Previousresearchhassuggestedthatoxygendependentlifemayhavebeenrestrictedtomeltwateronthesurfaceoftheice，butthisstudyprovidesnewevidenceofthelivingenvironmentsinoceans.“ThefactthattheglobalfreezeoccurredbeforetheevolutionofcomplexanimalssuggestsalinkbetweenSnowballEarthandanimalevolution.Thesetoughconditionscouldhaveaccountedfortheirdiversifyingintomorecomplexforms，”saysLechte，whoisalsothestudy'sleadauthor.Lechtealsopointsoutthatwhilethefindingsfocusontheavailabilityofoxygen，primitiveeukaryotes(真核细胞)wouldalsohaveneededfoodtosurvivethesevereconditionsoftheiceage.Theresearchers\nplantoexplorehowtheseenvironmentsmighthavekeptafoodwebbylookingattoday'ssimilarenvironmentsthathostcomplexecosystems.[语篇解读] 生命是如何在冰河时期存活下来的？这是一个困扰科学家多年的问题，研究人员最近有了新发现。5．Howdidtheresearcherknowthelifeinoceans700millionyearsago?A．Bydiscoveringironrichrocksbychance.B．Byexaminingtheoxygenamountinoceans.C．Byanalyzingthefoundironrichrocks.D．BygettingawindowintomoreplacesonEarth.解析：细节理解题。根据第一段可知，研究人员发现了富含铁的岩石，第二段说明研究人员通过研究岩石中铁结构的化学性质，能计算出大约7亿年前海洋中大概的氧气量，并能了解这对所有依赖氧气的海洋生物产生的影响。由此可知，研究人员研究分析了富含铁的岩石，才了解了7亿年前的海洋生物。故选C。答案：C6．Whatcreatesa“glacialoxygenpump”accordingtoMaxwellLechte?A．Oxygeninmeltwater.B．Icesheetsfloatingintheoceans.C．Alackofoxygenintheocean.D．Agoodsupplyofairaboveicesheets.解析：推理判断题。根据第三段的“theicesheetbeginstofloatthereisagoodsupplyofmeltwaterwithoxygen.Withtheicesheetbeginningtomelt，theairbubblesinitarereleasedintothewater，givingtheoceanoxygen.Wecallthisphenomenona‘glacialoxygenpump’”可知，“glacialoxygenpump”这种现象是由冰融水中的氧气引起的，故选A。答案：A7．Whatmighttheresearcherscontinuetostudyinthefuture?A．Thepresentfoodweb.B．Diverseformsofanimals.C．Evolutionofcomplexanimals.D．Moderniceenvironments.解析：推理判断题。根据尾段最后一句“Theresearchersplantoexplorehowtheseenvironmentsmighthavekeptafoodwebbylookingattoday'ssimilarenvironmentsthathostcomplexecosystems.”可知，研究人员计划通过研究当今承载着多元生态系统的相似环境来探索这些环境是如何维持食物链的，similarenvironments指的是与上文提到的severeconditionsoftheiceage相似的环境，故可推知，研究人员接下来要研究现代的冰环境。答案：D8．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．NewlyDiscoveredIronrichRocksB．LifeEvidenceFoundinMeltingIceSheetsC．SecretofHowAnimalsSurvivedIceAgeD．TheImportanceofOxygenintheOceans解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述的是研究人员通过分析富含铁的岩石，了解冰河时期的环境条件，知晓在冰河时期生命是如何生存下来的，因此选项C正确。答案：C难句分析：Byexaminingthechemistryoftheironstructureintheserocks，theresearcherswereabletoworkouttheapproximateamountofoxygenintheoceansaround700millionyearsagoandbetterunderstandtheeffectsthiswouldhavehadonalloxygendependentlifeinoceans.(Para.2)分析：本句是主从复合句。句子主干是“theresearcherswereabletoworkouttheapproximateamountofoxygenandbetterunderstandtheeffects”。介词短语“Byexamining\nthechemistryoftheironstructureintheserocks”作方式状语。effects后跟了省略了that/which的定语从句“thiswouldhavehadonalloxygendependentlifeinoceans”。译文：通过研究这些岩石中铁结构的化学性质，研究人员能计算出大约7亿年前海洋中大概的氧气量，并能更好地了解这对所有依赖氧气的海洋生物产生的影响。Ⅱ.完形填空(2020·江西省重点高中联考)CelesteAyalaisapoliceofficer.Shewason__1__attheSisterMariaLudovicaChildren'sHospitalwhenavery__2__babywasbroughtinbysocialworkers，sufferingseriouslackofnutrition.Hekeptcrying.Ayala，amotherofanewbornbabyherself，askedifshecould__3__thebabydescribedas“smellyanddirty”．Withhospitalstaff's__4__，shehuggedandnursedhimuntilhestoppedweeping.Ayala'scolleague，Heredia，__5__thewholeprocessthen，tookaphotoofthe__6__actandposteditontheInternet.“Iwanttomakepublicthisgreatactyou__7__todayforthebabywhoyoudidnotknow，”__8__Heredia'spost.“It'sbeyondtheresponsibilityofanordinaryofficer，butyoudidit__9__youwerehismother.Youdon'tcareaboutthe__10__．..”Ayalasaidshedidnotthinktwiceabout__11__thebaby.“Themedicalstaffwasoverloadedandhadnotimeto__12__thelittlebaby.Inoticedthathewas__13__，ashekeptcryingandputtinghishandintohismouth.Itwasa__14__moment.Itbrokemysoul，soIdidthat，”saidAyala.“Itfillsuswith__15__thatCelesteAyalanursedachildwhocried__16__，”thefiredepartmentwhereAyalaworkswrotelater.Ayalawas__17__tocaptain—asaresultofherselflessact，whichwas__18__onlinebyCristianRitondo，theministerofsecurity.Ritondoalsoexpressed__19__onthesocialmedia，“Wewantedtothankyouforyourlovethatmanagedto__20__thebaby'scry.That'sthetypeofpolicewe'reproudofandwant.”[语篇解读] 文章讲述了在医院值班的女警察主动帮助一个瘦弱、严重缺乏营养的陌生婴儿的暖心故事，女警察的无私行为获得了人们的广泛称赞，也给她带来了晋升的机会。1．A.approval B．dutyC．leaveD．strike解析：根据语境和第二段中的“It'sbeyondtheresponsibilityofanordinaryofficer”可知，Ayala当时在儿童医院里值班。onapproval“(商品)不满意包退的”；onduty“值班，值勤”；onleave“休假”；onstrike“罢工”。答案：B2．A.thinB．livelyC．disabledD．injured解析：根据下文的sufferingseriouslackofnutrition可知，这个婴儿严重缺少营养，会很瘦，故这里填thin，符合语境。答案：A3．A.touchB．batheC．adoptD．feed解析：根据上文的“Ayala，amotherofanewbornbabyherself，askedifshecould”和下文的“shehuggedandnursedhimuntilhestoppedweeping”可知，Ayala询问她是否能够给这个婴儿哺乳，得到医务人员的允许后，她开始了行动。故feed“给(人或动物)食物，喂养”符合语境。答案：D4．A.inspirationB．instructionC．persuasionD．permission解析：参见上题解析。inspiration“灵感”；instruction“教导，指导”；persuasion“说服”；permission“允许，许可，准许”。答案：D\n5．A.trustingB．favoringC．witnessingD．observing解析：根据语境可知，Ayala的同事Heredia见证了整个过程，并拍下一张照片。witness“目击，亲眼看见”符合题意。favor“较喜欢，选择”；observe“观察”。答案：C6．A.hardB．fondC．respectfulD．careful解析：Ayala给孩子哺乳，这是温暖慈爱的行为。fond“温情的，慈爱的”符合语境。respectful“有礼貌的，恭敬的”。答案：B7．A.arrangedB．hidC．supportedD．performed解析：此处表示Heredia发了帖子，想让大家知道Ayala做的好事。perform在此处表示“做，履行，执行”。arrange“安排，筹划”；hide“隐藏，隐瞒”；support“支持”。答案：D8．A.readB．instructedC．indicatedD．responded解析：“Iwanttomakepublicthisgreatactyou__7__todayforthebabywhoyoudidnotknow”是Heredia在网上发帖时配的文字，故选A。这里的read属于熟词生义的用法，意为“(指示牌、信上等)写着”。答案：A9．A.eventhoughB．unlessC．whileD．asif解析：上文谈到Ayala给婴儿哺乳，下文提到“Ayalasaidshedidnotthinktwice”，因此这里表示她这样做了，仿佛她就是婴儿的母亲。eventhough“尽管”；unless“除非，如果不”；while“当……的时候”；asif“好像，仿佛”。答案：D10．A.resultB．illnessC．smellD．harm解析：第一段提到smellyanddirty，所以本空选C，表示她不介意孩子身上的“难闻的气味”。答案：C11．A.rescuingB．protectingC．assistingD．checking解析：根据上文的故事介绍可知，此处表示她并没有多想就帮助了这个婴儿。rescue“解救，救援”；protect“保护”；assist“协助，帮助”；check“检查，查看”。答案：C12．A.attendtoB．reflectonC．lookintoD．takeout解析：结合上文Ayala帮助婴儿以及“Themedicalstaffwasoverloadedandhadnotimeto__12__thelittlebaby.”可推测，医务人员太忙了，因此没有时间照料这个婴儿。attendto“照料，关怀”；reflecton“认真思考，沉思”；lookinto“调查，审查”；takeout“带(某人)出去”。答案：A13．A.adorableB．energeticC．hungryD．sick解析：根据空后提到的原因“ashekeptcryingandputtinghishandintohismouth”可知，孩子在哭，还将手放在嘴里，这是饥饿的表现，故选C。adorable“可爱的，讨人喜爱的”；energetic“精力充沛的，充满活力的”；sick“生病的”。答案：C14．A.memorableB．bitter\nC．horribleD．challenging解析：根据上文对婴儿的描述以及下文的“Itbrokemysoul”可知，此处表示那是一个令人难过的时刻。bitter表示“带来痛苦的，令人难过的”，符合语境。memorable“难忘的，值得纪念的”；horrible“可怕的”；challenging“富于挑战性的，困难而有趣的”。答案：B15．A.prideB．ambitionC．enthusiasmD．surprise解析：根据文章末尾的“That'sthetypeofpolicewe'reproudofandwant.”和语境可知，他们为她的大爱行为感到“骄傲”。ambition“雄心壮志”；enthusiasm“热情”；surprise“惊讶”。答案：A16．A.slightlyB．consequentlyC．suddenlyD．constantly解析：根据第一段中的“Hekeptcrying.”和第三段中的“ashekeptcrying”可知，婴儿哭个不停。constantly“持续不断地，经常地”符合语境。slightly“略微，稍微”；consequently“结果，因此，所以”；suddenly“迅速而意外地，突然，突如其来地”。答案：D17．A.reportedB．promotedC．introducedD．recommended解析：根据第二段的“It'sbeyondtheresponsibilityofanordinaryofficer”和空后的tocaptain可知，因为Ayala无私的行为，她从一个普通的警察晋升为队长。promote“提升，晋升”。答案：B18．A.evaluatedB．announcedC．demandedD．described解析：Ayala晋升为队长的事情由安全部部长CristianRitondo在网上宣布。evaluate“评估，评价”；announce“宣布，宣告，公布”；demand“需要，需求”；describe“描述”。答案：B19．A.effortB．desireC．appreciationD．promise解析：根据下文的“Wewantedtothankyouforyourlove”可知，CristianRitondo在社交媒体上表达了对Ayala的感谢。appreciation“感激，感谢”。答案：C20．A.calmB．changeC．understandD．reduce解析：calm“使平静”符合语境。第一段的untilhestoppedweeping是对本题的提示。答案：A熟词生义：Para.1：nurse常用义：n.护士v.看护，照料(病人或伤者) 文章义：v.喂奶，哺育Thelionessisstillnursinghercubs.这只母狮还在给她的幼崽喂奶。fond常用义：adj.喜爱的 文章义：adj.温情的，慈爱的(只作前置定语)afondlook/embrace/farewell慈爱的目光/温情的拥抱/深情的告别Para.2：read常用义：v.阅读，读懂 文章义：v.(指示牌、信上等)写着Asignontheouterdoorread“NoEntry”．外边的门上有一块牌子写着“禁止入内”。
