2021高考英语复习之真题重点词汇短语及练习（五）2014年全国卷I阅读理解B篇重点单词、语块1.pigeon[ˈpɪdʒɪn]n.鸽子2.passengerpigeons旅鸽3.unbelievable[ˌʌnbɪˈli:vəbl]adj.难以置信的4.account[əˈkaʊnt]n.描述；叙述5.writtenaccounts书面记述；文献6.describe[dɪˈskraɪb]vt.描述7.flock[flɒk]n.(鸟)群8.darken[ˈdɑ:kən]vt.使变暗9.calculate[ˈkælkjuleɪt]vt.计算；估算10.population[ˌpɒpjuˈleɪʃn]n.（动物的）总数11.billion[ˈbɪljən]n.十亿12.(be)equalto等于；相当于13.percent[pəˈsent]n.百分之……14.abundant[əˈbʌndənt]adj.丰富的；充足的15.aslateas1870直到1870年16.mile[maɪl]n.英里17.kilometer['kɪləˌmi:tə(r)]n.千米18.abundance[əˈbʌndəns]n.大量；充裕19.undoing[ʌnˈdu:ɪŋ]n.毁灭的原因20.everlasting[ˌevəˈlɑ:stɪŋ]adj.永恒的；无穷无尽的21.supply[səˈplaɪ]n.供应；提供22.commercial[kəˈmɜ:ʃl]adj.商业的23.hunter[ˈhʌntə(r)]n.猎人24.attract[əˈtrækt]vt.吸引25.clearing[ˈklɪərɪŋ]n.林中空地26.grain[greɪn]n.谷物27.settle[ˈsetl]vi.降落28.thrownets撒网29.atatime一次30.decade[ˈdekeɪd]n.十年31.theclosingdecadesofthe19thcentury19世纪最后的几十年32.thehardwoodforests硬木森林33.nest[nest]vi.筑巢；巢居34.damage[ˈdæmɪdʒ]vt.毁坏；破坏35.scatter[ˈskætə(r)]vt.驱散36.forcesb.todosth.迫使某人做某事37.temperature[ˈtemprətʃə(r)]n.气温38.contribute[kənˈtrɪbju:t]to促成39.decline[dɪˈklaɪn]n.减少，下降40.prohibit[prəˈhɪbɪt]vt.禁止41.sizable['saɪzəbl]adj.相当大的42.confirm[kənˈfɜ:m]vt.证实43.shoot[ʃu:t]vt.射杀44.county[ˈkaʊnti]n.县45.foratime有一段较短的时期\n46.survive[səˈvaɪv]vi.生存；存活47.underhumancare在人类的照料下48.(be)knownas被称为49.affectionately[əˈfekʃənətli]adv.亲切地50.zoological[ˌzəʊəˈlɒdʒɪkl]adj.动物学的课后练习（一）Passengerpigeons(旅鸽)onceflewovermuchoftheUnitedStatesinunbelievablenumbers.Writtenaccountsfromthe18thand19thcenturiesdescribedflocks(群)solargethattheytheskyforhours.Itwascalculatedthatwhenitpopulationreacheditshighestpoint,theyweremorethan3billlionpassengerpigeons—anumberequalto24to40percentofthetotalbirdpopulationintheUnitedStates,makingitperhapsthemostabundantbirdintheworld.Evenaslateas1870whentheirnumbershadalreadybecomesmaller,aflockbelievedtobe1milewideand320miles(about515kilometers)longwasseennearCincinnati.Sadlytheabundanceofpassengerpigeonsmayhavebeentheirundoing.Wherethebirdsweremostabundant,peoplebelievedtherewasanever-lastingsupplyandkilledthembythethousands,Commercialhuntersattractedthemtosmallclearingswithgrain,waiteduntilpigeonshadsettledtofeed,thenthrewlargenetsoverthem,takinghundredsatatime.Thebirdswereshippedtolargecitiesandsoldinrestaurants.Bytheclosingdecadesofthe19thcentury,thehardwoodforestswherepassengerpigeonsnestedhadbeendamagedbyAmerican’sneedforwood,whichscattered(驱散)theflocksandforcedthebirdstogofarthernorth,wherecoldtemperaturesandstormscontributedtotheirdecline.Soonthegreatflocksweregone,nevertobeseenagain.In1897,thestateofMichiganpassedalawprohibitingthekillingofpassengerpigeonsbutbythen,nosizableflockshadbeenseeninthestatefor10years.ThelastconfirmedwipigeonintheUnitedStateswasshotbyaboyinPikeCounty,Ohio,in1900.Foratime,afewbirdssurvivedunderhumancare.Thelastofthem,knownaffectionatelyasMartha,diedattheCincinnatiZoologicalGardenonSeptember1,1914.\n1.Inthe18thandearly19tehcenturies,passengerpigeons____.A.werethebiggestbirdintheworldB.livedmainlyinthesouthofAmericaC.didgreatharmtothenaturalenvironmentD.werethelargestbirdpopulationintheUs2.Theunderlinedword“undoing”probablyreferstothepigeons’____.A.escapeB.ruinC.liberationD.evolution3.Whatwasthemainreasonforpeopletokillpassengerpigeons?A.Toseekpleasure.B.Tosaveotherbirds.C.Tomakemoney.D.Toprotectcrops.4.WhatcanweinferaboutthelawpassedinMichigan?A.Itwasignoredbythepublic.B.Itwasdeclaredtoolate.C.Itwasunfair.D.Itwasstrict.参考答案：DBCD课后练习（二）Forthosewhocanstomachit,workingoutbeforebreakfastmaybemorebeneficialforhealththaneatingfirst,accordingtoastudyofmealtimingandphysicalactivity.Athletesandscientistshavelongknownthatmealtimingaffectsperformance.However,farlesshasbeenknownabouthowmealtimingandexercisemightaffectgeneralhealth.Tofindout,Britishscientistsconductedastudy.Theyfirstfound10overweightandinactivebutotherwisehealthyyoungmen,whoselifestylesare,forbetterandworse,representativeofthoseofmostofus.Theytestedthemen’sfitnessandrestingmetabolic(新陈代谢的)ratesandtooksamples(样品)oftheirbloodandfattissue.Then,ontwoseparatemorningvisitstothescientists’lab,eachmanwalkedforanhouratanaveragespeedthat,intheory,shouldallowhisbodytorelymainlyonfatforfuel.Beforeoneoftheseworkouts,themenskippedbreakfast,meaningthattheyexercisedonacompletelyemptystomachafteralongovernightfast(\n禁食).Ontheotheroccasion,theyatearichmorningmealabouttwohoursbeforetheystartedwalking.Justbeforeandanhouraftereachworkout,thescientiststookadditionalsamplesofthemen’sbloodandfattissue.Thentheycomparedthesamples.Therewereconsiderabledifferences.Mostobviously,themendisplayedlowerbloodsugarlevelsatthestartoftheirworkoutswhentheyhadskippedbreakfastthanwhentheyhadeaten.Asaresult,theyburnedmorefatduringwalksonanemptystomachthanwhentheyhadeatenfirst.Ontheotherhand,theyburnedslightlymorecalories(卡路里),onaverage,duringtheworkoutafterbreakfastthanafterfasting.Butitwastheeffectsdeepwithinthefatcellsthatmayhavebeenthemostsignificant,theresearchersfound.Multiplegenesbehaveddifferently,dependingonwhethersomeonehadeatenornotbeforewalking.Manyofthesegenesproduceproteins(蛋白质)thatcanimprovebloodsugarregulationandinsulin(胰岛素)levelsthroughoutthebodyandsoareassociatedwithimprovedmetabolichealth.Thesegenesweremuchmoreactivewhenthemenhadfastedbeforeexercisethanwhentheyhadbreakfasted.Theimplicationoftheseresultsisthattogainthegreatesthealthbenefitsfromexercise,itmaybewisetoskipeatingfirst.1.Theunderlinedexpression“stomachit”inParagraph1mostprobablymeans“______”.A.digestthemealeasilyB.managewithoutbreakfastC.decidewiselywhattoeatD.eatwhateverisoffered2.Whywerethe10peoplechosenfortheexperiment?A.Theirlifestylesweretypicalofordinarypeople.B.Theirlackofexerciseledtooverweight.C.Theycouldwalkatanaveragespeed.D.Theyhadslowmetabolicrates.\n3.Whathappenedtothosewhoatebreakfastbeforeexercise?A.Theysuccessfullylostweight.B.Theyconsumedabitmorecalories.C.Theyburnedmorefatonaverage.D.Theydisplayedhigherinsulinlevels.4.Whatcouldbelearnedfromtheresearch?A.Aworkoutafterbreakfastimprovesgeneperformances.B.Toomuchworkoutoftenslowsmetabolicrates.C.Lifestyleisnotasimportantasmorningexercise.D.Physicalexercisebeforebreakfastisbetterforhealth.答案1.B2.A3.B4.D
