课时提能练(十三)必修3 Unit7 TheSea(A)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2020·洛阳市第二次统一考试)Plasticistheworkhorsematerialofthemoderneconomy.Lightanddurable，it'sbeenusedtomakeavastnumberofproductssinceitsintroductionover100yearsago.However，astudycarriedoutbytheWorldEconomicForum，theEllenMacArthurFoundation(基金会)andMcKinsey&Companyshowedthebreakdownofthestatusintheglobalplasticsystem.Afull32%ofthe78milliontonsofplasticpackagingproducedannuallyislefttoflowintoouroceans.TheOceanCleanup，astartupfoundedin2013，isthebrainchildofBoyanSlat，whocameupwiththeideaforthecompanywhenhewasjust17yearsold.Sincethen，it'sreceivedmorethan$2millioninfunding(基金)．ThecompanyplanstousealargedevicethatwillbefixedtothebottomofthePacificOcean.Thiswillhavearmsthatspreadoutover100km，gettingalloftheplasticgarbagepushedintoitsnets.Thisisthencollectedbya10,000metrecubecontainerthatwillbeemptiedmonthly.Mostrecently，theOceanCleanuplaunchedateamofexplorersaboardaspeciallyrefittedC130Herculesaircraftheavilyloadedwithspecializedsensorequipment.Itdiscoveredthattheproblemwasworsethanexpectedwithanabundanceofplasticsmeasuringupto1.5macrossandatahigherdensitythanpreviouslythought.Theorganizationwillcontinuetopilotthedeviceandwillstartremovingthepilebeforetheendofthedecade.Oncetheplasticisout，whatshouldwedowithit?Thefoundationhopesthattheplasticfromtheoceanwillhaveacommercialvaluewhichcanhelptofundtheproject.Oceanplasticisnoteasytouse，forit'smixedwitheverythingfromintactPETbottlestomicroplastics.However，someoftheworld'sbiggestcompaniesalsoseethechancetomarketproductsmadeofoceanplastic.Transformingtoday'splasticeconomyfromitspresentform(takemakewaste)toazerowastecirculareconomy(takemaketakemake)isadifficultchallenge.However，withcooperativeactionfromproducers，recyclers，governmentsandconsumersalikeandcontinuinginnovation，itcanbedone.【语篇解读】 本文主要介绍了TheOcean\nCleanup想出了一个收集海洋塑料垃圾的方法，但关于收集的塑料应该如何处理，该基金会希望海洋塑料能有商业价值以资助该项目，而世界上一些大公司也看到商机，能从商业上利用海洋塑料垃圾。1．What'sBoyanSlat'sideaabout?A．Awaytocollectoceanplasticwaste.B．Anewproductmadeofoceanplastic.C．Amachinetorecycleplasticgarbage.D．Anorganizationtoresearchintoplastic.A [细节理解题。根据第三段对TheOceanCleanup的介绍可知，BoyanSlat的想法是把海洋中的塑料垃圾收集起来，故选A。]2．Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“density”inParagraph4?A．Flexibility. B．Thickness.C．Width. D．Strength.B [词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句中的“withanabundanceofplasticsmeasuringupto1.5macrossandatahigherdensitythanpreviouslythought”可推知，density与该句中的“1.5macross”呼应，应是一个与度量相关的名词，而C项“宽度”上文已提及，故B项与画线词词义相近。]3．Whatdosomebiggestcompaniesexpectoftheoceanplastic?A．It'llbeturnedintotreasure.B．It'llsponsorthefoundation.C．It'llberecycledbythegovernment.D．It'lltaketheformoftakemakewaste.A [细节理解题。根据第五段中的“someoftheworld'sbiggestcompaniesalsoseethechancetomarketproductsmadeofoceanplastic”可知，一些大公司想要推销由海洋塑料制成的产品，即变废为宝，故选A。]4．Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?A．Adiary. B．Aguidebook.C．Anovel. D．Amagazine.D [文章出处题。通读全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了TheOceanCleanup能收集海洋塑料垃圾，而世界上一些大公司能在商业上利用塑料垃圾，由此可推知，本文最可能摘自杂志，故选D。]B(2020·福州市第一学期质量检测)Asyoumoveoutofyourteensandintoyour20sand30s，yourmusicaltastesstarttosolidifyandyoulikelyquitkeepingupwith\npopularmusic.Now，researchhasfoundtheaverageageatwhichyourmusiclibraryisunlikelytochange：33.Thestudy'sauthorreachedthisconclusionbyanalyzingdataonU．S.SpotifyusersandcomparingittoartistpopularitydatafrommusicintelligencecompanyTheEchoNest.Todeterminetheageatwhichwestopseekingoutnewtunes，theauthorgatheredselfreportedagedatafromSpotifyandlookedatusers'“TasteProfiles”，whichtrackshowmanytimeslistenershavestreamedmusicofindividualartists.TheseartistswerethenmatchedtotheirpopularityrankonTheEchoNest.TheaverageteenlistensalmostonlytomusicamongtheBillboard，thetop200albumsinthecountry，butthismusicrepresentsasmallerpartoftheirstreamingastheyage.Intheirteens，theylistentoalotofthesamemusic，overandoveragain.FrankT．McAndrew，aprofessorofpsychologyatKnoxCollege，explainsthatthat'sthe“mereexposureeffect”atwork，anditbasicallymeans，themorewe'reexposedtosomething，themorewelikeit.Therearemanyreasonswhyapersonmaystopstreamingthecurrenttopmusicalhits，andtheauthorlookedintoonebyidentifyingSpotifylistenerswithlargeamountsofchildren'smusicandnurseryrhymesintheirlibraries.Inotherwords，whenusersmayhavebecomeparents.Butthestudyconcludeswithsomegoodnewsforparents：“Ifyou'regettingolderandcan'tfindyourselfstayingasrelatedtothepopularmusicasyouusedto，havenofear—justwaitforyourkidstobecometeenagers，andyou'llgetexposedtoallthepopularmusicofthedayonceagain！”【语篇解读】 本文说明了青少年通过重复听相同的流行音乐来发展他们的音乐品味。当青少年长大后，他们的音乐品味会渐渐稳固，很可能会停止追随流行音乐。一项研究通过分析数据确定了人们不再物色新音乐的年龄并分析了人们停止追求流行音乐的原因。5．Whathappensafterteensgrowolder?A．Theyquitlisteningtomusic.B．Theirinterestinmusicfades.C．Theychangetheirmusiclibraries.D．Theirmusicaltastesbecomestable.D [细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“Asyoumoveoutofyourteensandintoyour20sand30s，yourmusicaltastesstarttosolidifyandyoulikelyquitkeepingupwithpopular\nmusic”可知，随着青少年年龄增长，他们的音乐品味开始稳固下来，他们很可能会停止追随流行音乐。故选D。]6．Whatisthewayoftheresearch?A．Interviews. B．Analyzingdata.C．Observation. D．Trackingpopularity.B [细节理解题。根据第二段“Thestudy'sauthorreachedthisconclusionbyanalyzingdataonU．S.SpotifyusersandcomparingittoartistpopularitydatafrommusicintelligencecompanyTheEchoNest”可知，本文的研究方法是分析数据。故选B。]7．Howdoteensdeveloptheirmusicaltastes?A．Theylistentothesamemusicrepeatedly.B．Theyactliketheirfavoritepopularstars.C．Theyexperiencedifferentstylesofmusic.D．Theyliketopmusicworldwide.A [推理判断题。根据第四段第二句“Intheirteens，theylistentoalotofthesamemusic，overandoveragain”以及第三句中的“themorewe'reexposedtosomething，themorewelikeit”可推知，青少年们通过重复听相同的音乐来发展他们的音乐品味。故选A。]8．What'sthegoodnewsforparentsinthelastparagraph?A．Parentswillregaintheirfaithinmusic.B．Parentswillinfluencetheirteensinmusic.C．Parentswillheartheirfavoritemusicagain.D．Parentswillenjoythemusicforteensagain.D [细节理解题。根据第六段中的“justwaitforyourkidstobecometeenagers，andyou'llgetexposedtoallthepopularmusicofthedayonceagain”可知，当孩子们步入青少年时期，家长们又可以享受属于青少年的音乐了。故选D。]Ⅱ.完形填空(2020·长沙市统一模拟考试)DuringhisfreshmanyearatColumbiaUniversity，SanfordGreenbergstoodoncampuswithhisclassmate，ArthurGarfunkel.“Sanford，lookatthe__1__.Youseethecolors？Theshapes？”Arthurasked.Sanfordwas__2__，becauseotherguystalkedabouttripsandsports，butArthurwantedtotalkaboutgrass.Wastherea__3__guyoncampusthanSanford?Herehewas，apoorkidfromBuffalo，NewYorkonafullscholarship，takingclassesfrommasterssuchasphysicistLeonLedermanandpoetMarkVanDoren.Butin1960，Sanford'sfortunes__4__.Hewasplayingbaseballwhensuddenlyhe\ncouldn't__5__veryclearly.Hehadto__6__onthegrassuntilhiseyesightreturned.Atfirsthedidn'tbelieveitwasanything__7__.ButwhenSanfordwentbacktoBuffalo，__8__theretoldhimhehadaveryseriouseyedisease.Theyoperatedonhiseyes，buthewasstillgoing__9__.Hewassosadthathe__10__tomeetanyonefromcollege.However，Arthur__11__SanfordtogobacktostudyatColumbia.InSeptember1961，Sanfordreturnedtocampus.Buthewas__12__aboutgettingaroundaloneanddependedonArthurtohelphim.Then，oneafternoon，SanfordandArthurwenttoManhattan.Whenitwastimetogobacktothe__13__，Arthursaidhehadanimportantmeetingandcouldn'tgowithSanford.They__14__forthefirsttime，andArthurwalkedoff，leavingSanfordalone.IttookSanfordalongtimetogetbacktoschool.Butashearrivedattheuniversitygate，someonealmost__15__him.“Sorry，sir.”Sanfordknewthe__16__.ItwasArthur's.Sanfordwasangryatfirst，butthenhe__17__whatArthurhaddone.“Itwasoneofthemost__18__ideas，”Sanfordsaid.“Arthur，ofcourse，hadbeen___19__methewholeway.”Aftergraduationwithgreater__20__thanothers，SanfordgothisMBAfromColumbiaandaPh.D.fromHarvardandwentontobecomeasuccessfulinventorandbusinessman.【语篇解读】 桑福德在上大学期间突然患上了严重的眼疾，之后他拒绝见大学的任何人；后来在朋友亚瑟的鼓励下，他重新回到校园学习。但回校后，他不敢独自一人出行，而是依赖亚瑟的帮助。有一次，亚瑟想出了一个主意，让桑福德能独自走回学校。结果证明亚瑟的主意很有用。后来桑福德成了一名成功的发明家和商人。1．A.cloudsB．grass C．trees D．baseballB [根据下文中的“Arthurwantedtotalkaboutgrass”可知，亚瑟想要谈论的是草；据此可知，他让桑福德看草。]2．A.excited B．disappointedC．surprised D．worriedC [空后表述其他人都在谈论旅行和运动，而亚瑟却想谈论草，据此可推知，这让桑福德觉得很奇怪。surprised“觉得奇怪的”。]3．A.luckierB．friendlierC．smarter D．kinder\nA [根据空后一句可知，桑福德是一个来自纽约州布法罗的穷孩子，但拿着全额奖学金，上着大师们的课。据此可知，此处表示“还有比桑福德更幸运的人吗”。]4．A.improvedB．remainedC．arrived D．changedD [根据上文表述的桑福德很幸运和下文表述的桑福德患上了严重的眼疾可推知，此处表示桑福德的命运发生了改变。]5．A.hear B．smell C．see D．speakC [根据下文中的“untilhiseyesightreturned”可知，在打棒球时，桑福德突然看不清东西了，他只好躺在草地上，直到视力恢复。]6．A.liedownB．jumpupC．walkawayD．runalongA [参见上题解析。A项意为“躺下”，故A项正确。]7．A.difficultB．serious C．new D．usualB [根据下文中的“But”“averyseriouseyedisease”，并结合该句中的“Atfirsthedidn'tbelieve”可知，开始他认为这不是什么严重的问题。]8．A.teachers B．friends C．relatives D．doctorsD [根据语境并结合常识可知，当桑福德回到布法罗的时候，那里的医生告诉他，他得了一种非常严重的眼疾。]9．A.blind B．deaf C．wrong D．crazyA [根据语境和空后一句表述的他如此难过以至于他拒绝见大学的人可知，尽管他的眼睛进行了手术，但是他还是会失明。]10．A.plannedB．forgot C．refused D．wishedC [参见上题解析。]11．A.remindedB．persuadedC．forced D．allowedB [根据下文中的“Sanfordreturnedtocampus”可知，亚瑟说服桑福德重新回到哥伦比亚大学学习。persuadesb.todosth.为固定用法，意为“说服某人做某事”，故B项正确。]12．A.certainB．angry \nC．nervous D．calmC [根据该句中的“dependedonArthurtohelphim”可知，桑福德虽然重返校园，但由于严重的眼疾，他不敢自己一个人出去，所以他得依赖亚瑟的帮助。C项意为“惶恐的”，故C项正确。]13．A.campusB．hospitalC．station D．companyA [根据语境和下文中的“hearrivedattheuniversitygate”可知，一天下午，桑福德和亚瑟去了曼哈顿，当该回校园时，亚瑟却说他有一个重要的会议要参加，不能和桑福德一起回去了。]14．A.agreedB．estimated C．discussed D．arguedD [根据该句中的“Arthurwalkedoff，leavingSanfordalone”可知，他们第一次发生争吵，亚瑟愤然离去，留桑福德独自一人。]15．A.shoutedat B．knockeddownC．lookedfor D．laughedatB [根据下文中的“Sorry，sir”可推知，在桑福德到校门口时，有人差点把他撞倒。B项意为“撞倒”，故B项正确。]16．A.look B．figure C．voice D．gestureC [根据上文中的“Sorry，sir”可知，有人对他说“对不起，先生”；据此可推知，桑福德知道那是亚瑟的声音。]17．A.doubted B．realizedC．believed D．wonderedB [根据语境可知，桑福德一开始感到恼怒，但是他随后理解了亚瑟所做的一切。]18．A.annoyingB．awful C．useless D．brilliantD [根据语境和上文中的“Sanfordwasangryatfirst，butthenhe________whatArthurhaddone”可知，桑福德说亚瑟让他独自回学校是一个绝妙的主意。]19．A.misleadingB．showingC．guiding D．followingD [根据语境可知，亚瑟一路跟着桑福德。D项意为“跟着”，故D项正确。A项意为“误导”，C项意为“指引，指导”，都与语境不符。]20．A.effortsB．loss C．burden D．failure\nA [根据语境并结合上文描述的桑福德患了严重的眼疾可知，付出了比别人更多的努力之后，桑福德获得了哥伦比亚大学的工商管理学硕士学位、哈佛大学的博士学位，而且成了一位成功的发明家和商人。]课时提能练(十四)必修3 Unit7 TheSea(B)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2020·内江一模)Whatisbodysurfing?Bodysurfingisrelatedtoridingonawavewithnohelpfromaidtoolssuchasasurfboard.That'swhyitiscalledthe“purest”formofsurfing.Infact，itisoneofveryfewextremesports—freeclimbingandcliffdivingareothers—thatcanbepracticedusingnothingbutthehumanbody.Howdoyoudoit?Tocatchawave，swimtowherethewavesbreakand，asoneapproaches，startswimmingtowardsthebeach.Youmusttrytotravelatthesamespeedasthewaveand，ifyoudoitcorrectly，youwillfeelthewaveliftingyouandpushingyouforwards.Thentryandcutalongthesurfaceofthewave.Whatdoyouneed?Itismoreenjoyableandsaferifyouuseflippers(largeflatrubbershoes)．Thisisbecausetheyenableyoutoswimfasterandsurfalongthemmoreeasily.Awetsuitisalsoadvisable.Anotheraidisahandboard，aminisurfboardaboutthesizeofaniron，heldinonehandtospeedupalongthewave.Ifyouareluckyenoughtobesurfinginwarmwater，makesureyouhaveyourboardshortsattheready.UnofficialworldchampionshipBodysurfingisnotaprofessionalsport，butinHawaiithereissuchafestivalcalledthePipelineBodysurfingClassiceachyear.LocalbodysurferscompeteagainstathletesfromplacessuchasAustralia，Brazil，JapanorFrance.FamousbodyboarderMikeStewarthaswontheeventnofewerthan12times，andKellySlater，thegreatestsurferinhistory，hasalsocompeted.【语篇解读】 夏威夷是著名的人体冲浪(bodysurfing)胜地，人体冲浪顾名思义就是只依靠身体在大海中随波逐流，其难度可想而知。本文介绍了这项运动的概念、技巧、装备及相关比赛。1．Howdoesabodysurfersurfwhileinthesea?\nA．Onlyusingthehumanbody.B．Onlyrelyingonasurfboard.C．Onlyfollowingawave.D．Onlyswimmingalongthebeach.A [细节理解题。根据Whatisbodysurfing？部分的“Bodysurfingisrelatedtoridingonawavewithnohelpfromaidtoolssuchasasurfboard.”及“Infact，itisoneofveryfewextremesports...usingnothingbutthehumanbody.”可知，在人体冲浪这种极限运动中冲浪者不能使用任何冲浪工具，只能借助自己的身体踏浪前行。故A项正确。]2．Whichcanmakeyousurffaster?A．Flippersandawetsuit.B．Awetsuitandahandboard.C．Ahandboardandboardshorts.D．Ahandboardandflippers.D [细节理解题。根据Whatdoyouneed？部分的“Itismoreenjoyableandsaferifyouuseflippers(largeflatrubbershoes)．Thisisbecausetheyenableyoutoswimfaster”及“Anotheraidisahandboard，aminisurfboardaboutthesizeofaniron，heldinonehandtospeedupalongthewave.”可知，冲浪者可以借助手板和橡皮脚掌提高速度。故D项正确。]3．WhatcanweknowaboutthePipelineBodysurfingClassic?A．Itisforlocalbodysurfers.B．ItisheldannuallyinHawaii.C．Allfamousbodysurfersfavorit.D．MikeStewartattendsiteveryyear.B [细节理解题。根据Unofficialworldchampionship部分的“butinHawaiithereissuchafestivalcalledthePipelineBodysurfingClassiceachyear”可知，夏威夷的人体冲浪比赛thePipelineBodysurfingClassic每年举行一次。故B项正确。选项中的annually是原文中的eachyear的同义转述。]B(2020·洛阳市上学期尖子生第一次联考)OnacomfortablesunnySunday，IwasgoingtomeetanolduniversityfriendIhadn'tseenforyears，andwasreallyexcitedtohearallhisnews.Mytrainwasrunningalittlelate，butthatwasnobigproblem—IcouldtexthimtosayIwouldbedelayed.Hewouldunderstand.But...wherewasmymobilephone?Ihadthatfamiliarsinkingfeeling.Yes，I'dleftitat\nhome.Nomobilephone.I'msureI'mnotaloneinfeelinganxious，onedgeandworriedwhenIdon'thavemyphonewithme.Infact，IknowI'mnotalone:twothirdsofusexperiencethis“nomophobia”．That'saccordingtoastudywhichsurveyed1,000peopleintheUKabouttheirrelationshipwithmobilephones，whichsaystheychecktheirmobilephones34timesaday，thatwomenaremore“nomophobic”thanmen，andthat18to24yearoldsarethemostlikelytosufferfearofbeingwithouttheirmobiles:77%ofthemsaytheyareunabletobeapartfromtheirphonesformorethanafewminutes.Doyouhave“nomophobia”?·Youneverturnyourphoneoff.·Youobsessively(着迷地)checkfortexts，missedcallsandemails.·Youalwaystakeyourphonetothebathroomwithyou.·Youneverletthebatteryrunout.It'sfunnytothinkthataround20yearsagotheonlypeoplewithmobilephoneswouldbebusinesspersonscarryingtheirlarge，plastic“bricks”．Ofcourse，thesedays，mobilephonesareeverywhere.Theyhaveoutnumberedpeopleacrosstheworld.Andwhentherearemorephonesthanpeopleintheworld，maybeit'stimetoaskwhoreallyisincharge.Areyouincontrolofyourphone，ordoesyourphonecontrolyou?So，whathappenedwithmyuniversityfriend?WhenIarrivedafewminuteslatehejustlaughedandsaid，“Youhaven'tchangedatall—stillalwaysbelate！”Andwehadagreatafternooncatchingup，fullofjokesandstories，withnointerruptionsandnonagging(难以摆脱的)desiretocheckmyphone.Nothavingitwithmefeltstrangelyliberating.MaybeI'llleaveitathomeonpurposenexttime.【语篇解读】 作者通过自己出门忘记带手机的经历引出“无手机焦虑症”这一话题，并得出了没有手机打扰也很不错的感悟。4．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“nomophobia”inParagraph2referto?A．Thefearofbeingoutofmobilephonecontact.B．Theaddictiontokeepingmobilephonesathand.C．Thefeelingofbeingaloneandleftbehind.D．Thesufferingofbeinganxiousandworried.A [词义猜测题。根据第二段第二句“I'msureI'mnotaloneinfeelinganxious，onedgeandworriedwhenIdon'thavemyphonewith\nme”可知，当手机不在身边时，作者感到焦虑、紧张和担忧，并结合画线词所在句可知，画线词表示不能用手机联系的恐惧，故选A。]5．Wecaninferthataround20yearsagothemobilephone________accordingtotheauthor.A．wasonlyaffordedbybusinessmenB．wasasheavyasabrickC．wasseldomseenandacceptedD．wasinconvenienttouseD [推理判断题。根据倒数第三段第一句可知，20年前，唯一带着手机的群体是商人，他们拿着他们巨大的塑料“砖头”，由此可推知，20年前的手机使用起来是不方便的，故选D。]6．What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardshisexperiencewithoutmobilephones?A．Worried. B．Favorable.C．Neutral. D．Critical.B [观点态度题。根据文章尾段可知，作者认为不带手机使自己感到异常的解脱；下次作者可能会故意把手机留在家里。由此可推知，作者对不带手机的经历持赞同的态度，故选B。]7．What'sthebesttitleforthepassage?A．TheDevelopmentofMobilePhonesB．MeetinganOldUniversityFriendC．BeingWithoutMyMobilePhoneD．UsingMobilePhonesorNotC [标题判断题。根据尾段“Nothavingitwithme...nexttime”并结合文章其他内容可知，作者通过自己的经历介绍“无手机焦虑症”这一话题并得出了不带手机也不错的感悟，故C项最适合作文章标题。]Ⅱ.阅读七选五(2020·武汉市部分学校高三质量监测)Sportsperformancecanbeinfluencedbymanydifferentthings.__1__Therearemanyphysicalfactorsthatplayapartinsportsperformance.__2___Thenaturaltalentandstrengthoftheplayerswillmakeadifference.Also，itisimportanttogetenoughsleepbeforeyouareinasportsevent.__3___Eatinggoodmealsisalsoimportant.Whenyouarehungry，youcannotperformthesame.Youmightbethinkingaboutfoodwhenyoushouldbethinkingaboutthegame.Ofcourse，themoreateamoraplayerpractices，themorelikelytheyareto\nperformwell.Thesamepersonwiththesamephysicalabilitiesmightjustbecomebetterashepractices.Researchingyourcompetitorscanmatteralotinsportsperformance.Knowingtheirstrengthsandweaknessescanhelpyouadjusthowyouplaytogiveyourselfabetterperformanceagainstthem.__4__Ifyoucanfigureoutwheretohittheballintennistoconfuseyourcompetitor，forexample，thenthiscanhelpyouscorepoints.__5___Ifsomeoneisverypessimisticaboutagame，forexample，andissurethathewilllose，thenhemightincreasehischancesofdoingso.Ifheisverynervousthenhemightbethinkingaboutthatinsteadoffocusingonthegame.Ifheisfocusedthenhemightdobetter，achievingwhathedidn'tevenrealizehecould.Hisconfidencecanalsoaffecthowtheotherteamviewshim.A．Itisimportanttobeawareofthesefactors.B．Itisnecessarytogettoknowyourcompetitorandyourself.C．Also，therearewaystoplaysomethingcleverlyanddobetter.D．Ifyouaretired，youmaynotperformasyounormallywould.E．Ifyouhavepracticedenoughtokeepfit，youshouldhavearest.F．Ifsomeoneisingoodshape，thenofcoursehewillperformbetter.G．Therearemanypsychologicalfactorsthatcanplayapartinhowwellyouperform.【语篇解读】 在体育运动中，个人能力的发挥受到很多因素的影响，有身体方面和精神方面的因素，也有个人训练的程度以及对自己的对手的了解程度的因素。1．A [该空承上启下，根据本段第一句中的“influencedbymanydifferentthings”以及下文所讲的内容可知，后面四段承接第一段介绍了四个影响体育运动表现的因素。这与A项中的“beawareofthesefactors”表述一致，故选A。]2．F [根据空前一句中的“physicalfactors”及空后一句“Thenaturaltalent...willmakeadifference”可推知，该空表述的是身体状况的好坏与体育运动表现的关系，这与F项中的“ingoodshape，thenofcoursehewillperformbetter”表述一致，故选F。]3．D [根据空前一句可知，在体育比赛前睡眠充足是很重要的；D项“如果你很累，你可能没有平时表现得那么好”承接上文，故选D。]4．C [前一句讲的是知道自己的竞争对手的优缺点的重要性，而该空后一句又举例说明如何在打网球时迷惑对手而得分，由此可知，该空应是表述了解对手之后能表现得更好的方法，故选C。]5．G [该空为本段的首句，也是本段的主题句；根据该空后的“pessimisticaboutagame”“verynervous”“focused”以及“Hisconfidence”可知，该段讲述的是心理方面的因素。故选G。]\nⅢ.语法填空(2020·广州模拟)Afamilycanbetwoormorepeople1.________sharegoalsandvalues,havelongtermcommitmentstooneanother,andusuallyliveinthesamehouse.Familiesrangefromallsortsof2.________(race),formsandsizes.Familiesdifferinvariouswaysbuteachonehas3.________(it)owndefinitionofahappyhomeandfamily.So,whatmakesahappyfamily?Therearemanyimportantfactorsthatmakeahappyfamily.Orderisoneoftheimportantfactorsthatmakeahappyfamily.Withorderthereisnochaosor4.________(confuse)inthehome.Awellorganizedfamilywillbeabletofunctionsmoothlyandeasilyin5.________(complete)varioustasksthateachindividualmustdo.Wheneachindividualknowshis/herownresponsibility,he/sheiscapableandabletobring6.________(much)harmonyandpeaceinthehome.Qualitytimeisdefinitelyoneaspecttohavingahappyfamily.Thisqualitytime7.________(spend)togetherasafamilynomatterwhattheactivityiswill8.________(sure)strengthenafamily'srelationship.Qualitytime9.________(help)todevelopabondbetweenfamilymembers.Notonlywillthisstrengthenties,itwillprovideyou10.________memoriesoftimesspenttogether,whetheritishavingfun,beingsad,happy,orbad.【语篇解读】 这是一篇议论文。文章作者针对如何让家庭快乐这一问题，给出了一些建议。1．who/that [考查定语从句。句意：一个家庭可以是两个或两个以上的人，他们有共同的目标和价值观，对彼此有长期的承诺，通常住在同一个房子里。这里含有一个定语从句，修饰先行词people。关系词在从句中作主语，指人，所以填who/that。]2．races [考查名词单复数。句意：家庭的范围从种族、形式和大小方面变动。被allsortsof修饰，用名词复数，所以填races。]3．its [考查代词。句意：家庭各有不同，但每个家庭都有它自己的对幸福家庭的定义。文中表示“它的”修饰名词definition，所以填its。]4．confusion [考查名词。句意：有了秩序，家里就不会有混乱或困惑。Thereis/are＋某物(人)，在该结构中，用名词，所以填confusion。]5．completing [考查固定用法。句意：一个组织良好的家庭能够顺利地完成每个人必须完成的各种任务。介词in之后，接动名词形式，所以填completing。]6．more [考查比较级。句意：当每个人都知道自己的责任时，他/她就有能力为家庭带来更多的和谐与安宁。文中表示“更多的和谐与安宁”，用比较级，所以填more。]7．spent [\n考查过去分词。句意：无论活动是什么，这种与家人共度的美好时光肯定会加强家庭关系。“时光”和“度过”在逻辑上是被动关系，用过去分词短语作定语，所以填spent。]8．surely [考查副词。句意：见上题。该空修饰动词strengthen，用副词，所以填surely。]9．helps [考查主谓一致。句意：高质量的时间有助于发展家庭成员之间的联系。分析句子可知，本句为一般现在时，主语Qualitytime是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数，所以填helps。]10．with [考查介词。句意：这不仅能加强你们之间的联系，还能让你们回忆起一起度过的时光。providesb.withsth.提供给某人某物，该句型是固定短语，所以填with。]Ⅳ.短文改错(2020·成都市高中毕业班第一次诊断性检测)LastsummerIdecidedtogetmyfirstjob.Thiswaspossibleoneofthehardesttasks.Forme，itwasanotherstepmovedfromadependentchildtoafairlyindependentadult.Ihadneverholdajobbeforebecauseofmyparentswantedmetofocusonschool.SoIhadneverworkedthedayinmylife.Atfirst，itisextremelytough.Isentapplicationshopingtogetmyfirstcoupleofchoice.YetIgotneithercallsoremails.Luckily，halfwaythroughthethirdweek，Ifinallygotacall.Itwasnotmyfirstchoice，butwecouldnotsayno.Andaftertheinterview，IwasmorethanreadystartworkingthefollowingMonday.[答案]LastsummerIdecidedtogetmyfirstjob.Thiswasoneofthehardesttasks.Forme，itwasanotherstepfromadependentchildtoafairlyindependentadult.Ihadneverajobbeforebecausemyparentswantedmetofocusonschool.SoIhadneverworkeddayinmylife.Atfirst，itextremelytough.Isentapplicationshopingtogetmyfirstcoupleof.YetIgotneithercallsemails.Luckily，halfwaythroughthethirdweek，Ifinallygotacall.Itwasnotmyfirstchoice，butcouldnotsayno.Andaftertheinterview，IwasmorethanreadystartworkingthefollowingMonday.
