课时提能练(十五)必修3 Unit8 Adventure(A)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2020·广东惠州市第二次调研)Needafallfix?Tryonefromthesegreatplaces.1．MackinacIsland，MichiganTheonlywaytoreachthisfamedcarfreeislandisbyboat，andoncevisitorsarrive，they'reattractedbythehistory，sceneryandfallcolors.“It'sathrowbacktoyearspast，alittletown，andthere'sabigstateparkaswell，”Blackwellsays.“You'reallowedtohaveboatsallaroundtheisland.”2．TellicoLake，TennesseeWithnearly400milesofshoreline，thiswaterwayflowingoutoftheGreatSmokyMountainsislargelyunexploited，wellprotectedinitsnaturalstate.Fallvisitorsfindarangeofcolorsreflectedinthecleanwaters，saysBlackwell，whovacationedintheareawithhisfamilyasachild.“Thethickforesttherejustallowsyoutoseemoregreeneryandwildlife.”3．DillonReservoir，ColoradoWithanhourfromDenver，thislakeishometowhatclaimstobethenation'shighestsailingclub，atanaltitudeofmorethan9,000feet.MarinasinthetownsofDillonandFriscomakeiteasytogetoutonthewaterandtoseethebrightyellowsandgoldsoffallleaves.“Peoplearesurprisedthatthere'sboatinginColorado，andyoucanseethemountainsjustbeforethesnowfall，”Blackwellsays.4．LakeMonroe，IndianaThestate'slargestlakeissurroundedbymorethan13,000acresofprotectedforestandthreerecreationareas，makingitanidealplacetoseefallcolors，particularlyfromoaksandthetulippoplar，thestatetree.“It'sagem(风景优美的地方)insouthernIndiana，”saysBlackwell，whogrewupinthearea.“Therearelotsofdifferentactivities:canoeing，kayakingandfishing.”【语篇解读】 本文主要介绍了美国的四个值得在秋天参观的旅游景点。1．WhatisspecialaboutMackinacIsland?A．It'slikeamoderncity.B．Visitorscan'ttakeboatsaroundit.C．Visitorscanseevariouskindsofwildlifethere.D．Visitorscan'tgotherebycar.\nD [细节理解题。根据MackinacIsland，Michigan部分中的“Theonlywaytoreachthisfamedcarfreeislandisbyboat”可知，到达这个著名的无车之岛的唯一途径是乘船，故选D。]2．Whichissuitableforsomeonelookingforanundevelopedplaceforvacation?A．MackinacIsland，Michigan.B．TellicoLake，Tennessee.C．DillonReservoir，Colorado.D．LakeMonroe，Indiana.B [细节理解题。根据TellicoLake，Tennessee部分中的“Withnearly400milesofshoreline...islargelyunexploited，wellprotectedinitsnaturalstate”可知，这条从大烟山流出的水路有近400英里的海岸线，大部分未被开发，在自然状态下得到了很好的保护，故选B。]3．Whatdothefourplaceshaveincommon?A．Blackwelloncetravelledthere.B．Theyareallfamoustouristdestinations.C．Theyaresurroundedbythickforests.D．Visitorscanenjoyfallcolorsthere.D [细节理解题。根据MackinacIsland，Michigan部分中的“they'reattractedbythehistory，sceneryandfallcolors”；TellicoLake，Tennessee部分中的“Fallvisitorsfindarangeofcolors”；DillonReservoir，Colorado部分中的“toseethebrightyellowsandgoldsoffallleaves”和LakeMonroe，Indiana部分中的“makingitanidealplacetoseefallcolors”可知，四处景点的共同之处是：游客可以在那里欣赏秋天的颜色，故选D。]B(2020·昆明市“三诊一模”摸底诊断测试)Veryfewanimalsexceptdolphins，chimpanzees(黑猩猩)，andelephantshaveeverpassedthemirrortestforselfrecognition.Scientistsbelievetheyhavefoundafishabletorecognizeitselfinamirror.Theresultissurprisingbecausethisabilityisusuallyonlyfoundinanimalswithbiggerbrains.Evenhumansdon'tusuallypassthemirrortestuntiltheyareaboutayearandahalfold.Totestthewrasse(隆头鱼)，asmallfishinthesea，scientistsputeachwrasseinatankwithamirror.Theygavethefishachancetogetusedtothemirrorandwatchedtheirreactions.Atfirst，thewrasseschallengedthe“otherfish”byswimminguptothemirrorand“fighting”themwiththemouth.Butsoonthewrassesseemed\ntounderstandthatsomethingfunnywashappening.Theybegantoswimtowardthemirrorupsidedownorinotherunusualways.Itwasliketheyweretestingwhetherthefishinthemirrorwerereallythemselves.Oncethewrassesseemedusedtothemirror，thescientistsgavethewrassesamarkbyputtingthefishtosleepandinjectingsomethingundertheirskin.Someofthefishgotabrownmark.Otherfishgotaclear“mark”thatdidn'thaveacolorandcouldn'tbeseeninamirror.Afterlookinginthemirror，thewrasseswiththebrownmarkswouldrubtheareawiththemarkagainstthesandinthebottomofthetank.Thentheywouldgobackandlookinthemirroragain，asifcheckingifthemarkwasstillthere.Butwhenwrasseswithbrownmarkswereputintankswithoutmirrors，theydidn'ttrytorubtheirmarksaway.Andwrasseswithclear“marks”didn'teither，evenwhentheycouldseethemselvesinthemirror.Theunexpectedresultsaremakingsomepeoplelookhardforotherwaystoexplainhowthewrassesreacted.Soeventhoughthewrassesseemtohavepassedthemirrortest，thescientistswillneedsometimetoreflectonexactlywhatthatmeans.【语篇解读】 除海豚、黑猩猩和大象这三种动物外，很少有动物能够通过在镜子中自我辨认的测试。但科学家们发现海洋中的一种小鱼能够通过在镜子中自我辨认的测试，这让科学家们很吃惊。4．Whydothescientistsfeelsurprisedabouttheresult?A．Thefishhasabigbrain.B．Thefishsucceededinpassingthemirrortest.C．Chimpanzeesareascleverasdolphins.D．Elephantsfailedtopassthemirrortest.B [细节理解题。根据第一段第二、三句可知，科学家们认为他们发现一种鱼能够在镜子中辨认自己，这种能力通常只有具有较大的大脑的动物才具备，但是有一种鱼也能在镜子中辨认自己，所以科学家们感到吃惊，故选B项。]5．Whatdidthescientiststakenoticeofthewrassesatfirst?A．Theyswaminunusualways.B．Theywantedtochallengethemselves.C．Theythoughtthemirrorinteresting.D．Theywereunawareofthemselvesinthemirror.D [细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“Atfirst，thewrasses...withthe\nmouth”可知，科学家们注意到这种鱼一开始向镜子中的“其他鱼”挑战，并用嘴攻击镜中的它们。由此可知，隆头鱼不知道镜中的影像是自己。故选D项。]6．Howdidthefishwithbrownmarksreactinthemirrortest?A．Theywouldrubtheareawiththemarksagainstsand.B．Theywouldpaynoattentiontomarks.C．Theywouldrestinthebottomofthetank.D．Theywouldswimupsidedowntothemirror.A [细节理解题。根据第四段首句可知，带有褐色记号的鱼会在水槽底部的沙子上摩擦带有记号的部位，故选A项。]7．Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．WhyAreFishSmarterthanExpected?B．DoColorsAffecttheExperiment?C．HowIstheMirrorTestConducted?D．CanFishRecognizeThemselvesintheMirror?D [标题判断题。根据第一段第二句“Scientistsbelievetheyhavefoundafishabletorecognizeitselfinamirror”并结合第二至第四段介绍的测试过程可知，本文主要介绍了科学家们发现海洋中的一种鱼也能通过在镜子中识别自己的测试，故D项适合作文章标题。]Ⅱ.完形填空(2020·郑州市高中毕业年级第一次质量预测)Fiveyearsago，Itookacareerriskbyleavingmyjobtoworkonaship.Mymedicalfriendsdidtheirbesttopersuademe，sayingthatrunningawaytoseawould__1__mycareer.Butaftertheseyearsworkingasajuniordoctor，Iwaswillingtotaketherisk.__2__foradventure，IboardedashipinSingaporewith2,000passengersandcrew.Tomy__3__，thehospitalwaswellequipped，withanXraymachineandabloodanalyser.Thatfirstvoyagewasalearningexperience，a__4___schedulefullofsafetydrills.Therewassomuchnewinformationto__5__.Evenrememberingwhichuniformtoweareachdaywasa__6__.Mostconfused，Ioftenforgotto__7__myclockwhentheshipcrossedtimezones.Asadoctor，Iwas__8__forthe600crew，andIwasoncallfortheentireship.Farfrom__9__seasicknessandsunburn，Ihadtodealwithotherdiseases，forIhavedifferentkindsofpatients.Theship'smedicalcenterwas__10__afloatingemergencyroom，andwedidn'thaveateamofspecialistsonhandforasecond__11__.Withlongandunpredictablehours，itrequiredmental__12__.Asyoucanguess，manyofthepassengerswereelderly.Heartattacksdon't__13__\ngeographyandemergencyevacuations(疏散)weredifficulttoarrange.Icouldrememberonesuchpatient，whowastakenofftheshiphalfwaythroughthePanamaCanal.Aftera__14__rideinanoldambulance，Iwasrelievedthatthepatient__15__longenoughtoarriveatthehospitalinPanamaCity.__16__，therewereseveralunexpectedbenefitsofthejob.Iregularly__17__thepassengerfacilities(设施)．Onraredaysoff，I__18__asatourguideontripsashore.IgottoflyoverAlaskainaseaplaneandwatchedaballetinStPetersburg.Now，Iunderstandbeingashipdoctorisnotajob—it'sawayof__19__.Oneyearatseabecametwo.Ilostmycareerambitions，__20__Iredefinedhappinessinmylife.【语篇解读】 五年前，作者辞去了原有的工作去船上当医生。在此过程中，作者遭遇了很多挑战，但这份工作也有一些出乎意料的好处；作者失去了职业目标，但重新定义了自己生活中的幸福。1．A.blockB．build C．ruin D．improveC [根据语境和前一句中的“tookacareer”可推知，作者医学界的朋友尽力劝作者不要辞职去船上当医生，他们说这会毁了作者的职业生涯。]2．A.HungryB．SkilfulC．Suitable D．ConcernedA [根据第一段表述的作者的朋友劝作者不要辞职而作者却坚持这样做并结合语境可知，作者渴求冒险。]3．A.shock B．disappointmentC．excitement D．reliefD [根据该句中的“thehospitalwaswellequipped”与上文中的“risk”形成对比可推知，作者上船后发现医院设备精良，并不像自己之前所设想的那么糟糕，因此感到庆幸。toone'srelief表示“令某人庆幸的是”。]4．A.dailyB．tightC．strict D．flexibleB [根据该句中的“fullofsafetydrills”可推知，第一次海上航行日程安排得满，有很多安全演练。tight“(时间)紧的”。]5．A.takeinB．figureout C．searchfor D．pickoverA [根据上文中的“Thatfirstvoyagewasalearningexperience”可推知，第一次海上航行是一次学习的经历，作者有许多新的信息需要吸收。take\nsth.in“理解，记住，领会”；picksth.over“筛选”。]6．A.living B．risk C．challenge D．choiceC [根据前一句可知，作者有很多新的信息需要吸收，并结合语境可推知，记得每天穿哪套制服对作者来讲也是一个挑战。]7．A.watch B．repair C．check D．setD [根据空后的“myclock”和“crossedtimezones”并结合常识可推知，作者在船跨过时区时经常忘记调整好时钟。set“调整好”。]8．A.powerful B．responsibleC．hopeful D．helpfulB [根据该句中的“Iwasoncallfortheentireship”可推知，作为一名医生，作者要对船上的600名工作人员负责，对整个船上的人来说，作者要随叫随到。beresponsiblefor“对……负责”。]9．A.treatingB．sufferingC．escaping D．stoppingA [根据该句中的“Ihadtodealwithotherdiseases”可知，作者不仅仅要治疗晕船和晒伤，还要应对其他疾病。farfromdoingsth.“远非”。]10．A.exactly B．particularlyC．certainly D．actuallyD [根据语境可知，作者觉得这个医疗中心实际上就是一个漂浮的急诊室，他们并没有一个专家团队可随时用来征询其他的意见。exactly“精确地，确切地”。]11．A.examination B．considerationC．opinion D．discussionC [参见上题解析。]12．A.comfort B．communicationC．toughness D．pressureC [根据该句中的“withlongandunpredictablehours”可推知，在精神上也需要很坚强。故选C项。]13．A.careaboutB．referto C．botherwith D．relyonA [根据语境并结合常识可知，心脏病发作不分地点，在船上安排紧急疏散很困难。careabout“关注，在意”符合语境。botherwithsth.“花费时间精力做某事”。]14．A.relaxing B．boring \nC．promising D．terrifyingD [根据该句中的“inanoldambulance”和“Iwasrelieved”可推知，当时在陈旧的救护车上经历了一段可怕的行程。terrifying“极其可怕的”符合语境。promising“有希望的，有前途的”。]15．A.survived B．struggled C．awoke D．stuckA [根据该句中的“Iwasrelieved”可推知，那位病人最终活着到了医院，作者也松了一口气。]16．A.Steadily B．ThankfullyC．Importantly D．GenerallyB [根据该句中的“therewereseveralunexpectedbenefitsofthejob”并结合上文所讲的作者在从事这项工作的过程中遇到的一些挑战可推知，此处表示“幸亏，这项工作有一些意想不到的好处”。]17．A.cleanedB．fixed C．enjoyed D．protectedC [结合上文中的“unexpectedbenefits”可推知，此处表示作者经常享受乘客设施。]18．A.returned B．travelledC．performed D．volunteeredD [根据该句中的“Onraredaysoff”和“asatourguide”以及作者的医生身份可推知，作者在休息日自愿当导游。]19．A.confidenceB．life C．experienceD．successB [根据下文中的“Iredefinedhappinessinmylife”并结合作者在船上的工作经历和休息日的活动可推知，在船上当医生不仅仅是一个职业，而且也是一种生活方式。]20．A.thoughB．unless C．but D．orC [该句中的“Ilostmycareerambitions”和“Iredefinedhappinessinmylife”构成逻辑上的转折关系，故选C。]课时提能练(十六)必修3 Unit8 Adventure(B)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2020·云南省高中毕业生复习统一检测)Peoplewhogrowuplefthandedhavea\ndifferent，moreflexiblebrainstructurethanthoseborntotakelifebytherighthand，sayresearchersattheUniversityofCalifornia，LosAngeles.Thereasonisthatrighthandershavegenesthatforcetheirbrainsintoaslightlymoreonesidedstructure，accordingtotheresearch.Lefthandersappeartobemissingthosegenes.“Therereallyisadifferenceinbrainsthatresultsinamoresymmetric(对称的)braininlefthanders，wherethetwosidesaremoreequal，”saidDanielGeschwind，wholedtheresearchteam.Intheefforttounderstandhowthebrainshapesthemind，researchershavebeentryingtodocumentthewaygenesandenvironmentaffectintelligenceandmentalabilities.Theyfoundthatrightorlefthandednessisdeterminedbygenes.Ifapersonhasthegeneforrighthandedness，thatpersonwillberighthanded.Peoplewhodonothavethatgene，however，canbeeitherleftorrighthanded.Thereisnospecificgeneforlefthandedness.Righthanderstypicallyhavelargerleftbrains，wheretheirlanguageabilitiesareconcentrated.Conversely，lefthandershavemorebalancedbrains.Thelanguageabilitiesoflefthandersmoreoftenareconcentratedontherightside.TheUCLAresearchersconductedbrainscanson72pairsofmaleidenticaltwins(同卵双胞胎)between75and85yearsold.Theynoticedthatifidenticaltwinscarrythegeneforhandpreference，bothmustberighthanded.Iftheylackthegene，onetwincandeveloprighthandedwhiletheothercandeveloplefthanded.Theresearchersfoundthatthebrainsofidenticalrighthandedtwinswereverysimilarinsizeandstructure.Butwhenalefthanderwaspartofthetwinset，thebrainsweredifferent.Theconclusionisthattheabsenceofthegeneforhandpreferenceallowsthebraintodevelopdifferentlyastheindividualgrowsup，researcherssaid.【语篇解读】 美国加州大学洛杉矶分校的研究人员发现，人们习惯用哪只手是由基因决定的。1．WhatisthefindingoftheresearchersofUCLA?A．Lefthandershavemorebalancedbrains.B．Righthandershavemoreflexiblebrains.C．Lefthanders'brainsaremoreonesided.D．Righthanders'brainsaremoresymmetric.A [细节理解题。根据第三段中的“thatresultsinamoresymmetric(对称的)brain\ninlefthanders，wherethetwosidesaremoreequal”以及第五段中的“lefthandershavemorebalancedbrains”可知，惯用左手的人有更加平衡的大脑，故选A。]2．Whichelementdeterminesaperson'shandpreference?A．Environment. B．Intelligence.C．Habits. D．Genes.D [细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Theyfoundthatrightorlefthandednessisdeterminedbygenes”可知，人们习惯用哪只手是由基因决定的，故选D。]3．Whatcanbesaidaboutidenticaltwins?A．Theyalwayshavesimilarbrainstructure.B．Theynevercarrythegeneforhandpreference.C．Theyhavedifferentgenesforhandpreference.D．Theycanhavedifferenthandpreference.D [推理判断题。根据第六段中的“Iftheylackthegene，onetwincandeveloprighthandedwhiletheothercandeveloplefthanded”可推知，即使是同卵双胞胎也有可能会有不同的惯用手，故选D。]4．WhatdidtheUCLAteamresearchon?A．People'sgeneticmakeup.B．People'shandpreference.C．People'sbrainsizes.D．People'scommunicativeskills.B [推理判断题。根据第六和第七段的内容并结合文章的其他内容可知，加州大学洛杉矶分校的研究人员研究了人们有不同的惯用手的原因，所以B项正确。]B(2020·沈阳市级教学质量监测)Bowheadwhales(弓头鲸)canlive200yearsorlonger.Howtheydoitisnolongeramongthesecretsofthedeep.Scientistshavemappedthegeneticcodeofthislonglivedwhalespecies.TheinternationaleffortfoundunusualfeaturesintheArcticwhale'sgenes.Thosefeatureslikelyprotectthespeciesagainstcancerandotherproblemsrelatedtooldage.“Wehopetolearnwhatisthesecretofbowheadwhaleslivinglonger，healthierlives，”saidJoaoPedrodeMagalhaes.Heisagerontologist(apersonwhostudiestheprocessofpeoplegrowingold)attheUniversityofLiverpoolinEngland.HeisalsothecoauthorofthestudythatappearedonJanuary6,2015inCellReports.Histeamhopedthatitsnewfindingsmightonedaybeused“toimprovehumanhealthandlengthenhumanlife”．\nNoothermammalisknowntoliveaslongasthebowhead.Scientistshaveshownthatsomeofthesewhaleshavelivedwellbeyond100—includingonethatsurvivedto211.Magalhaes'teamwantedtounderstandhowthebowheadcanlivesolong.Tostudythis，theexpertsanalyzedtheanimal'scompletesetofgenes，calleditsgenome(基因组)．Theteamalsocomparedthewhale'sgenometothatofhumans，miceandcows.Thescientistsdiscovereddifferences，includingmutations(突变)，inthewhale'sgenes.Thosechangesarelinkedtocancer，ageingandcellgrowth.TheresultssuggestthatthewhalesarebetterthanhumansatrepairingtheirDNA.That'simportantbecausedamagedorflawedDNAcanleadtodiseases，includingsomecancers.Bowheadwhalesarealsobetteratkeepingabnormallydividingcellsincheck.Together，thechangesappeartoallowbowheadwhalestolivelongerwithoutdevelopingagerelateddiseasessuchascancer，saidMagalhaes.【语篇解读】 本文介绍了英国利物浦大学的老年学专家JoaoPedrodeMagalhaes及其团队通过分析弓头鲸的基因组，并将其与人类、老鼠等的基因组比较之后发现，弓头鲸长寿的秘诀在于其更擅长修复DNA以及控制异常分裂的细胞。5．Whatdowelearnaboutbowheadwhales?A．Theiraveragelifeis100.B．TheyliveintheArcticOcean.C．Theydon'thaveageingproblems.D．Theyarethelongestlivedanimals.B [推理判断题。根据第一段的内容，尤其是第四句“TheinternationaleffortfoundunusualfeaturesintheArcticwhale'sgenes”可推知，弓头鲸生活在北冰洋，故选B。]【干扰项分析】 由第一段第三句“Scientistshavemappedthegeneticcodeofthislonglivedwhalespecies”和第三段第一句“Noothermammalisknowntoliveaslongasthebowhead”可知，文章只是提到弓头鲸是一种长寿的鲸类，没有其他哺乳动物像弓头鲸一样长寿，并没有说弓头鲸是最长寿的动物，故D项错误；另外，考生应特别注意选项中出现的最高级表达，这类选项大多数情况下为错误选项。6．Whydidscientistsmapthegeneticcodeofbowheadwhales?A．Tolengthenhumanlife.B．Tofindoutacureforcancer.C．Topreventagerelateddiseases.D．Todiscoverthesecretoflonglife.\nD [细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中的“Wehopetolearnwhatisthesecretofbowheadwhaleslivinglonger，healthierlives”可知，JoaoPedrodeMagalhaes及其团队了解弓头鲸遗传密码信息的原因是要发现其长寿的秘诀，故D项正确。]7．Whatallowsbowheadwhalestolivealongerandhealthierlife?A．Celldivision.B．Genemutation.C．ThegoodDNArepairsystem.D．Perfectlivingenvironment.C [推理判断题。根据第五段最后两句“TheresultssuggestthatthewhalesarebetterthanhumansatrepairingtheirDNA.That'simportantbecausedamagedorflawedDNAcanleadtodiseases，includingsomecancers”可推知，弓头鲸更长寿且更健康的原因之一是其良好的DNA修复系统，故选C。]8．Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?A．Entertainment. B．Culture.C．Education. D．Scientificresearch.D [文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了JoaoPedrodeMagalhaes及其团队通过分析和对比的方法发现了弓头鲸长寿的秘诀，故本文可能出现在报纸的科学研究版块，故选D。]Ⅱ.阅读七选五(2020·兰州市诊断考试)LearningtoGiveaPepTalk(打气)Everyonewantstobethetypeofpersonwhogivesthecriticaltalkthatturnsaroundafriend'soutlook.However，givingagoodpeptalkisn'teasy.__1__.Youneedtonotonlylistenandunderstand，butalsostresstheotherperson'sstrengths.Youalsoneedtoknowwhentostoptalking.“Alotofpeoplethinktheyaregivingapeptalk，buttheyarejustsayingwhattheywouldwanttohear，”saysStacyKaiser，apsychotherapist(心理治疗师)inLosAngeles.Insteadofinstantlytellingsomeonewhattodo，askhimwhatactionhehasthoughtabouttakingandwhyhethinksitwillbebeneficial.“Don'tjumprightinandinsist‘You'llbefine，’”saysKaiser.__2__.Repeattheconcernsforthepersonoutloud，sohefeelsheard.Then，showyourfriendthatyoubelieveinhimandthathehaswhatittakestogetthroughthishardtime.Stresshisstrengths.__3__.Youcan'tguaranteesuccess，butyoucanremindthepersonthathehasbeen\nthroughatoughtimebeforeandhasgottenthroughit.Atlast，Kaisersaysyoumustknowwhentostop.“__4__.Don'targueifthepersondisagreeswithwhatyouaresaying.Instead，tellhim‘Iamsorryyouarehavingsuchahardtime.’Andthenbackdown.”Kaisersayshehaslearnedtogivegoodpeptalksbygivingbadones.Helostanumberoflovedonesduringashortperiod.“Timingiseverything.”Thereisatimetogiveapeptalk，andthereisatimetojustlisten.__5__.A．LetyourfriendhavehismomentB．GiveyourpeptalkandthenshutupC．ArguingwithyourfriendmakesnosenseD．ShowyourfriendthatyouunderstandwhyheissadE．Heisn'tinterestedinwhathisbestfriendsreallyneedF．ItrequiresanunderstandingofwhatyouraudienceneedsG．Itisalsoimportanttorememberthatpeptalksareabouthope【语篇解读】 本文主要论述了给别人打气的方法，包括关心令朋友伤心的事情、注意倾听、将时间交给朋友、选择合适时机停止说话等。1．F [根据下文可知，你不仅需要倾听和理解，还要强调别人的长处，知道在什么时候停止说话；据此可以推知，你需要理解你的听众需要什么。故F项正确。]2．D [根据后一句“Repeattheconcernsforthepersonoutloud，sohefeelsheard”可知，你要大声说出对这个人的关心；据此可以推知，空处表示“要向朋友表现出你理解他为什么会伤心”，故D项正确。]3．G [根据空处所在的位置可知，空处为该段主题句，根据空后的“Youcan'tguaranteesuccess，butyoucanremindthepersonthathehasbeenthroughatoughtimebeforeandhasgottenthroughit”可知，你可以提醒朋友他之前已经经历过一段艰难的时期，并且已经挺过来了。据此可以推知，该段主要陈述要鼓励朋友看到希望，故G项与此处匹配。]4．B [由前一句可知，本段主要陈述选择时机停止说话；结合下文可知，在鼓励朋友之后，选择恰当时机停止说话，而不是和朋友争论，故B项正确。]5．A [根据上句中的“andthereisatimetojustlisten”可知，在给朋友打气时要学会倾听，将时间交给朋友，故A项正确。]Ⅲ.语法填空(2020·洛阳市第二次统一考试)I'venoticedmanypeoplehavingacold，andit'snotevenfallyet.Whydoesthecoldoccurmorefrequentlyduringthefallandwinter1.________(month)?It'sactuallynotthecoldweather2.________(it)thatcausesthecold.Butrather，itismostlikelytobecausedbypeoplespending3.________(much)\ntimeindoorsclosetoeachother，makingthespreadofgerms(病菌)morereadily.Thisisanotherreason4.________childreninthedaycarecentreorschoolaremorelikelytopickupthecold.WhenIworkedinadoctor'sclinicafewyearsback，itwasoneofthe5.________(lead)reasonswhypeoplevisitedthedoctorinfallandwinter.Millionsofpeoplesufferfromthecoldeachyear.Asaresult，school6._________(absent)isfrequentlyreported，witharound22milliondaysannually.Howcanyouavoidgettingacold?Amongthecommonly7.________(recognize)tips，washingyourhandsis8.________mostimportantone.Thecoldisspreadeitherbydirectlytouchinginfectedsecretions(分泌物)，orbytaking9.________theairborneparticles(微粒)．Also，coldandfluvirusesgetintothebodyviatheeyes，nose，ormouth.So，10.________(try)toavoidtouchingyourface，especiallywithoutwashingyourhandsfirst.【语篇解读】 文章主要分析了秋冬季节人容易感冒的原因及预防感冒的措施。1．months [考查名词的单复数。根据空前的“thefallandwinter”并结合常识可知，秋冬季节不止一个月，故填名词的复数形式。]2．itself [考查代词。根据语境可知，此处表示“事实上，并不是寒冷的天气本身导致了感冒”，故应填反身代词itself。]3．more [考查限定词的比较级。根据该句中的“morereadily”可知，此处也应表示比较的含义，故填限定词的比较级。]4．why [考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处引导定语从句，在从句中作原因状语，先行词为anotherreason，故填why。]5．leading [考查形容词。修饰名词reasons要用形容词，故填leading，意为“主要的”。]6．absence [考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，此处所填的词要与school一起构成句子的主语，又结合语境可知，此处表示缺课，故填名词absence。]7．recognized [考查非谓语动词。此处修饰后面的名词tips且该空前有副词commonly修饰，故要用过去分词形式recognized，意为“被认可的”。]8．the [考查冠词。此处mostimportant是形容词的最高级；在句中作定语修饰one，其前一般要加the。]9．in [考查介词。此处表示“或者通过吸入空气传播的微粒”，takein意为“吸入”，为固定用法。]10．try [此处表示建议，应用以动词原形开头的祈使句，故填try。]Ⅳ.短文改错\n(2020·南昌市一模)Yesterdaywewenttoanearbyvillagestohelpthepeasantsgetinthecrops.Weleaveourschoolearlyinthemorning.Ittookushalfanhourtoreachvillage.Assoonaswegothere，wejoinedinthepeasantsintheirharvestingwork.Theytaughtmehowtocutriceandhowtotieit.Itwasinthefieldswhichwehadourlunch.Afterlunch，wehadashortrest.Wewereattractbythebeautifulsceneryofthecountryside.Itgotdarkerwhenwereturnedhome.Wewereverytired，butwefeltpleasing.[答案] Yesterdaywewenttoanearbytohelpthepeasantsgetinthecrops.Weourschoolearlyinthemorning.Ittookushalfanhourtoreachvillage.Assoonaswegot，wejoinedthepeasantsintheirharvestingwork.Theytaughthowtocutriceandhowtotieit.Itwasinthefieldswehadourlunch.Afterlunch，wehadashortrest.Wewerebythebeautifulsceneryofthecountryside.Itgotwhenwereturnedhome.Wewereverytired，butwefelt.
