课时提能练(十九)必修4 Unit10 Money(A)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2020·洛阳市第二次统一考试)Areyoudriventocreatechangeinimprovingkids'futures?Hereareafewoptions.EducationGoingafteracareerineducationissometimesoverlooked.Yetteachingisanimportantpathtocreatingchange.Youwilleducatetheyoungmindstoberesponsibleforthefuture.Inadditiontopresentingbasicschoolsubjects，youcanteachthemtobeleaders.Youcanmotivatethemtowanttomakeadifferencethemselves.Acareerineducationdoesn'thavetomeanteachinginaclassroom.Youcanhelpthemtolearninawayyouworkforthemandbeafriendtothemaswell.SocialworkAsasocialworker，youcandirectlychangethelivesofchildreninneedandadvocateservicesfordrugabusers，familyviolencesurvivors，andthementallyill.Youwillprovidethemwiththenecessaryresourcestosucceedandadvisethemontrauma(精神创伤)，unemployment，educationdifficultiesandpoverty.Manysocialworkersareassociatedwithgovernmentalagencies，buttherearealsojobsinschools，nonprofitorganizationsandhospitals.ChildpsychologyStudyingchildpsychologymayleadtoacareeroption.Psychologistscanprovidesupportforchildrenwithmentalproblemsandgivethemaplacetobeopenabouttheirfeelings.Youmaywishtobecomeaschoolpsychologistandguidechildren(andtheirparents)throughtheeducationsystemwhiledealingwithmentalillnessortrauma.Asapsychologist，youwillhelpyourpatientsfindthesourceoftraumaorstressanddiscoverwaysofeasingthepainorremovingtheproblem.Youmayevenconductyourownresearchonnewtreatmentmethods.【语篇解读】 本文介绍了三种能改善儿童未来的职业选择——教育、社会服务和儿童心理学。1．Whicheducationalconceptdoestheauthorsupport?A．Workingwithstudents'groupleaders.B．Teachingchildrenaccordingtotheirinterest.\nC．Keepingteachingchildrenintheclassroom.D．Encouragingstudentstomakeachangethemselves.D [细节理解题。根据Education部分中的“Youcanmotivatethemtowanttomakeadifferencethemselves”可知，作者鼓励儿童自己做出改变，故D项正确。]2．Whowillsocialworkershelpmostprobably?A．Governmentalofficials.B．Localbusinessagents.C．Childrenwitheducationdifficulties.D．Womensufferingfromfamilyviolence.C [推理判断题。根据Socialwork部分中的“Asasocialworker，youcandirectlychangethelivesofchildreninneed”“advisethemon...educationdifficulties”可推知，社会福利工作者最可能帮助学习有困难的儿童，故C项正确。]3．Whichcareermainlydealswithchildrenwithmentalillness?A．Educators. B．Schoolleaders.C．Socialworkers. D．Schoolpsychologists.D [细节理解题。根据Childpsychology部分中的“Psychologistscanprovidesupportforchildrenwithmentalproblems”以及尾段第一句可知，学校心理学家主要和有精神疾病的儿童打交道，故D项正确。]B(2020·南昌市一模)Whengiventhechoice，about85%ofpeoplesaytheywouldnotwanttoknowaboutsomenegativeeventsfarinthefuture.YetrecentlymillionsofpeoplearoundtheglobehavedownloadedFaceApp，whichallowsuserstoseehowtheymightageinreallife.Manypeoplehadfunwithit，jokingthattheylovetheFaceAppoldagefilter.Beneaththehumorisaserioussubject:Howdowelearntorelatetoourfutureselves?It'simportantthatwetrytodoitbecauseitcouldhelpstrengthenthelongtermdecisionsthatwemake.However，weoftenfailtomakesacrificesforthegrayerversionsofourselves.Morethanhalfoftherespondentsinarecentsurveyof2,800Americanssaidtheyrarelyorneverthoughtaboutwhattheirlivesmightbelike30yearsfromnow.Thisisn'tsurprising，sincemostofusarefirmlyrootedinthepresentandthinkingaboutthedistantfuturecanseemlikeadistantpriority(优先事项)．Myongoingresearch\nmightalsoofferanexplanation:Wetendtothinkaboutourfutureselvesasiftheyarethepersonsdifferentfromwhowearetoday.Inanefforttonarrowtheseempathy(共鸣)gaps，myworkmatesandIhavetriedtopresentpeople'sfutureselvesinthesamewayasothershavetriedtopromotecharity.Giventhataphotographofonehungrychildcansparkemotionalreactions，andcauseviewerstodonate，wehavepresentedparticipantswithvividimagesoftheirdistantselves.Thatseemshelpful.InarecentlycompletedprojectinMexico，wefoundthatexposuretofutureimagesledmorepeopletocontributetotheirpensions.Despitethisresearch，I'mskepticalaboutthefactthattheappuserswillsuddenlyincreasetheirpensioncontributions.Thesillyappisn'tpairedwithanimmediateopportunitytochange.ThelessonfromFaceAppshouldn'tbethatweneedtomarryhitechvisualswithsavingsforretirement.Thelesson，then，takestheformofaquestion:Whatmorecanbedonetourgeustothinkaboutwhowewillbecomeoneday?【语篇解读】 FaceApp推出的人脸编辑器能让人看到自己未来变老的样子，这引发了作者的思考，并让作者从中获得了一个以问题的形式呈现的教训：我们需要多做些什么来敦促自己去思考有朝一日我们会成为什么样子？4．WhatcanwelearnaboutFaceApp?A．Itprovidesfutureimages.B．Itisthemostdownloadedapp.C．Ithelpspeoplemakedecisions.D．Itmakespeopleageinreallife.A [推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句中的“whichallowsuserstoseehowtheymightageinreallife”可知，FaceApp可以让用户看到他们是如何变老的，故可推知，FaceApp能提供未来的图像，故选A。]5．Whydomostrespondentsrarelythinkoftheirfuturelife?A．TheyhaveknowntheirfuturelifefromFaceApp.B．Theyfailtomakesacrificesfortheirfuture.C．Theyattachgreaterimportancetothepresent.D．Theyconsiderfutureselvestobethesameastoday's.C [细节理解题。根据第三段中的“mostofusarefirmlyrootedinthepresentandthinkingaboutthedistantfuturecanseemlikeadistantpriority(优先事项)”可知，大部分回复调查的人很少考虑他们未来的生活是因为他们更加重视现在，故选C。]6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“That”inParagraph4referto?\nA．CompletingaprojectinMexico.B．Offeringagingimagesofparticipants.C．Raisingcontributionsamongviewers.D．Givingaphotographofahungrychild.B [代词指代题。画线词所在句为第四段首句。根据语境可知，That承接上文内容，指的是上文中提到的一个具体的行为，结合第三段尾句中的“presentedparticipantswithvividimagesoftheirdistantselves”可知，That指的就是这个行为，故选B。]7．What'stheauthor'sattitudetoFaceApp?A．Positive. B．Doubtful.C．Ambiguous. D．Unfavorable.D [观点态度题。根据第四段中的“Thesillyappisn'tpairedwithanimmediateopportunitytochange”可推知，作者对FaceApp持不支持的态度，故选D。]Ⅱ.完形填空(2020·西安五校高三联考)TwoyearoldNancyisdeaf.However，thathasn'tstoppedherfrombeinga(n)__1__littlegirltryingto“chat”toanyoneshemeets.Assoonasshegoesoutintotownwithherparents，shestarts__2__inthehopethatthepersonsheistalkingto__3__signlanguagetoo.Normally，hearinglossisasocial__4__forthosewhodon'tknowhowtousesignlanguage.AnyoneNancytriedtotalkto__5__thisandfeltsosorrytheycouldn't__6__.Theywishedtheycould__7__herandsaysomethingback，buttheyfoundthemselvescompletely__8__.Then，somethingamazinghappened.Insteadofcausinga(n)__9__，thisbarrierbroughtthecommunitytogether.Determinedto__10__signlanguagesothattheycouldtalktoNancy，her__11__hiredaninstructorontheirown.Andnowthey__12__lotsoftimetakingclassestogether.Theteacher__13__thatthisisreallyremarkablebecause，quiteoften，eventheparentsofdeafchildrendon't__14__tolearnthislanguage.ButhereNancyhasafullcommunitythatissigningandcommunicatingwithher，anditisa__15__story.TheteacheralsosaysthatitwillmakeahugedifferenceinNancy's__16__.Italmostcertainlyguaranteesthatshewillbeahappier__17__inthefuture.Nancy'sparentsarealreadynoticinga__18__intheirdaughterandtheyhavenowordstoexpresshow__19__theyaretotheirneighbors.Withalittlegirlandalotoflove，theneighbors__20__maketheneighborhoodalovingcommunity.\n【语篇解读】 Nancy从小失聪，但是这并没有阻止她成为一个外向的、想要与他人沟通的孩子。她用手语和周围的人交流，但是大家都听不懂。于是她的邻居们请了一位老师来教他们学习手语，老师认为这是一个了不起的举动。因为这个小女孩和大家为她做的事，这个社区团结在了一起。1．A.independentB．helpful C．outgoing D．generousC [根据空后的“littlegirltryingto‘chat’toanyoneshemeets”可知，失聪并没有阻止Nancy成为一个外向的(outgoing)小女孩，她试图和遇到的每一个人聊天。]2．A.signing B．cheering C．waving D．smilingA [根据上文可知Nancy失聪了，此处表示她开始使用手语，她希望她要交谈的人也懂(know)手语。此处对应下文中的“signlanguage”。sign意为“打手语”。]3．A.accepts B．knows C．recognizes D．appreciatesB [参见上题解析。know“知道，了解”。]4．A.mistake B．stress C．conflict D．barrierD [根据语境可知，正常情况下，对于那些不知道如何使用手语的人来说，听力丧失是一种社交障碍(barrier)。]5．A.discussedB．ignored C．realized D．deniedC [根据下文表述的每一个Nancy欲交谈的人都很抱歉他们不能回应(respond)，说明他们是意识到了这一点的。]6．A.respond B．apologize C．return D．agreeA [参见上题解析。]7．A.inspire B．protect C．trust D．understandD [根据空后的“saysomethingback”可知，他们希望他们能够明白Nancy的意思。]8．A.atrisk B．insurprise C．ataloss D．inahurryC [根据句中的“but”并结合语境可知，此处和上文形成转折，说明他们发现自己完全听不懂。ataloss“困惑，不知所措”。]9．A.separationB．debate \nC．complaint D．argumentA [根据空前的“Insteadof”以及空后的“thisbarrierbroughtthecommunitytogether”可知，这个障碍并没有造成隔阂，反而把社区团结在了一起。separation意为“分离，隔离”。]10．A.createB．learn C．translate D．improveB [根据下文中的“theycouldtalktoNancy”“hiredaninstructor”“takingclassestogether”可知，他们决心要学会手语来跟Nancy交流。]11．A.classmatesB．parents C．teachers D．neighborsD [根据上文中的“thecommunity”和下文Nancy的父母很感激这些邻居可知，Nancy的邻居们请了一位教师来教他们手语。]12．A.spend B．cost C．obtain D．useA [根据上文内容并结合语境可知，他们现在花费(spend)很多时间上课。]13．A.warns B．predicts C．says D．regretsC [根据语境及下文中的“Theteacheralsosays”可知，老师说这真的很了不起，因为很多时候，甚至是失聪儿童的父母也不会费心学习这种交流方式。]14．A.fail B．bother C．hesitate D．refuseB [参见上题解析。bother“费心”。]15．A.relaxing B．popular C．humorous D．beautifulD [根据句中的“ButhereNancyhasafullcommunitythatissigningandcommunicatingwithher”并结合语境可知，这是一个美好的(beautiful)故事。]16．A.plan B．hearing C．life D．opinionC [空后一句表述这种做法几乎肯定确保Nancy未来会成为一个更加快乐的人，说明邻居们的做法会对Nancy的生活产生巨大的影响。]17．A.actor B．individual C．student D．workerB [参见上题解析。]18．A.potential B．belief \nC．strength D．differenceD [根据上文中的“makeahugedifference”和下文Nancy的父母很感激邻居们可知，Nancy发生了变化。difference意为“变化(之处)”。]19．A.friendly B．grateful C．important D．familiarB [根据上文邻居们为Nancy所做的事情并结合语境可知，此处表示Nancy的父母无法用言语来表达对邻居们的感激之情。]20．A.truly B．almost C．merely D．evenA [该句总结全文，根据全文内容可知，因为这个小女孩以及邻居们对她的爱，邻居们真正地把这个居住区变成了一个充满爱的社区。]课时提能练(二十)必修4 Unit10 Money(B)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2020·长沙市统一模拟)“Payitforward”isanewsayingwhichmeansdonatingmoneyorperforminggooddeedswithouthopingforrecognition.Asfarasthereceiverofthemoney，gift，orgooddeedisconcerned，heorsheistoldonlytodosomethinggoodforsomeoneelse.WhenScott，ahomelessman，spenthislast$15，hewasn'tlookingatitasaninvestment，butit'sabouttopayhimhugeprofits.Afterhehelpedawomanwhoranoutofgas，shereturnedthefavorbyraisingalotmoreontheInternet.EmilyMcClure,26，wasdrivinghomewhensheranoutofgashalfway.“Hesawmepulloverandknewsomethingwaswrong，”shewrote.“Hetoldmetogetbackinthecarandlockthedoors.Afewminuteslater，hecamebackwitharedgascan，usinghislast15dollarstomakesureIcouldgethomesafely.”Shecouldn'trepayhimatthattimebecauseshehadnocashwithher.“Ihavebeenstoppingbyhisspotforthepastfewweeks.Irepaidhimforthegasandgavehimsomeclothes.”Emilydecidedtodomoreforhim，soshestartedacrowdfunding(众筹)campaignonGoFundMe，anditquicklygainedfarbeyonditsinitial$10,000goal.Whenitreached$100,000，thefundraisingpagewasshutdownforatimeatScott'srequest.Hedidn'twantpeopletothinkhewastakingadvantageofthesituation.Finally，Emilysaidthatsherestarteditbecausethepublicinteresthadnotdecreased.Shealsoadded\nthatScottplannedtodonatetheresttoagoodcause.AccordingtoTheWashingtonTimes，ScottwantstogetajobatawarehouseandadepartmentmanagerfromacompanyhasalreadyreachedouttoScott.【语篇解读】 无家可归的斯科特用自己最后的15美元帮助了在中途车没油的艾米丽；为回报他，艾米丽在网络上发起众筹，然而斯科特却把筹集来的多余的钱捐赠给了慈善机构，他以这种方式奉献社会，社会最终以一份不错的工作回报了他。1．WhydidScottbuyacanofgasforEmily?A．Togethugeprofitsfromher.B．Togetajobtomakealiving.C．Togetachancetobecomefamous.D．Tomakesureshecouldgethomesafely.D [细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，斯科特用他最后的15美元为艾米丽买了一罐汽油，以确保她能安全回家，故D项正确。]2．Whywasthefundraisingpageclosedforatime?A．Peoplehadnomoreinterestindonation.B．Emilywastoobusytomakeeffortsforit.C．Scottwasunwillingtobeconsideredgreedy.D．Thegoaltoraise$10,000hadbeenachieved.C [细节理解题。根据第五段第二句和第三句可知，资金筹集网页关闭是应斯科特的要求，因为他不想让人觉得自己是在利用这种情况，即斯科特不愿意被认为是贪婪的，故C项正确。]3．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesScott?A．Flexiblebutmean.B．Caringandsupportive.C．Honestbutstubborn.D．Aggressiveanddemanding.B [推理判断题。根据第三段的内容以及第五段中的“Scottplannedtodonatetheresttoagoodcause”可知，当斯科特发现艾米丽的车子没油停在半路的时候，他让艾米丽回到车里锁好车门，并用自己最后的15美元为艾米丽买了一罐汽油以确保她能安全回家；他还计划把筹集来的多余的钱捐给一个做好事的组织，由此可推知，他关心他人而且能够给予他人帮助，故B项正确。]4．Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusfromthetext?A．Twoheadsarebetterthanone.B．Onegoodturndeservesanother.\nC．Oneman'smeatisanotherman'spoison.D．Abirdinthehandisworthtwointhebush.B [写作意图题。根据第二段尾句“Afterhehelpedawoman...ontheInternet”并结合全文内容可知，本文讲述了无家可归的斯科特帮助了艾米丽，社会也帮助了斯科特的故事，说明了好人有好报的道理。故B项正确。]B(2020·重庆市高三学业质量调研抽测)Atfirstglance，thereisnothingunusualabouttheBingoBoxstore—shelvesstackedwithsnackslinethewalls，temptingpassersbythroughtheglasswindows.Butoncloserinspection，BingoBoxisnoordinarystore.ThedooropensonlyaftercustomersscanaQRcodetoenter，andthereisnocashiertotallyuppurchases—justalonecheckoutcounterinacorner.TheShanghaibasedcompanyisoneofmanyunmannedstoreoperatorsopeningoutletsalloverChina，hopingtoimproveslimprofitmarginsintheretailbusinessbyreducingstaffcosts.“Ifcapitalcostsrisequickly，thatputsgreaterpressureonlowmarginbusinesseslikeconveniencestoresandsupermarkets，”saidAndrewSong，ananalystatGuotaiJunanSecurities.“InChina，manpowercostshavebeenrisingrelativelyquickly.”However，thefuturisticvisionofshoppingwithoutacheckoutpersonisstillinprogress.AreporterwhovisitedaBingoBoxstoreinShanghaiwasbrieflylockedinwhenhewastryingtoexitwithoutmakingapurchase.AlthoughasignneartheexitstatedthatemptyhandedcustomerscanleavebyscanningaQRcode，noQRcodewastobefound.Repeatedcallstothecustomerservicehotlinewentunanswered.AnotherunmannedoperationinChina，TakeGo，onlyallowsonecustomerintheshopatatimebecauseoftechnologylimitationsinusingmultiplecamerasforscanningcustomers'faces.Theideaofunmannedstoresfirstcaughttheworld'sattentionwhenthelargestUSonlineretailerannounceditscashierlessstore，whichisonlyavailabletoemployeesfornow.Sincethen，sometechnologycompaniesinChina，includingtheecommercefirmAlibabaGroup，havelaunchedtheirownversionsofunmannedstores.EmbeddedwithtechnologysuchasRFIDtags，mobilepaymentsystemsandfacialrecognitionsystems，suchstorescollectvaluabledatathatgiveoperatorsabetterideaofconsumers'preferenceandbuyinghabits，whichcanthenbeusedtooptimize\ntheoperationandmakemoreefficientinventorydecisions.ForBingoBox，loweroperatingcostsalsomeanitcanaffordtoexpanditsreachtoareaswithlessfoottraffic，accordingtoChenZilin，thefounderandCEOofBingoBox.【语篇解读】 许多无人值守商店经营者在全国开分店，希望通过减少员工成本来提高零售业微薄的利润，但无人值守商店也有其弊端和局限性，经营商需要对其进行改进；另外，低经营成本也意味着经营商可将其业务范围扩大到客流量较少的区域。5．WhatmakestheBingoBoxstorelooklikeanordinaryconveniencestore?A．Shelvesstackedwithgoods.B．Alonecheckoutcounter.C．Fewercashierstotallyuppurchases.D．EnteringbyscanningaQRcode.A [细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Atfirstglance...shelvesstackedwithsnackslinethewalls”可知，乍一看，缤果盒子与普通商店无异，因为其货架上也摆满了商品，故选A项。]6．Whyareunmannedstorespopularwithoperators?A．Thecustomersprefermobilepaymentsystems.B．Theunmannedstoreshelpimproveprofitwithlowerlaborcosts.C．Theemployeesfocusonconsumers'preferenceandbuyinghabits.D．Theoperatorscaremoreaboutoperationsandinventorydecisions.B [细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，无人值守商店经营者希望通过减少员工成本来提高零售业的利润，即无人值守商店减少了员工的开支，有利于提高利润，所以才受到经营者的欢迎，故选B项。]7．Howmanycasescanshowthattheunmannedstoresneedimproving?A．Two. B．Three.C．Four.D．Five.A [细节理解题。题干问有多少种情况表明无人值守商店需要改善。根据第三段的内容可知，一个光顾上海缤果盒子的记者因没有购买商品而被暂时锁在店内，出口处的标牌标明没有购买商品的顾客可以通过扫描二维码离开，但却找不到该二维码，且反复拨打客户服务热线无人应答；根据第四段的内容可知，由于利用多个摄像机扫描客户面部技术受限，另外一个无人值守商店TakeGo一次只允许店内进入一个顾客。由此可知，有两种情况表明无人值守商店需改善，故选A项。]8．WhatcanweinferaccordingtoChenZilin?A．Nowadaysallstoresshouldbeequippedwithadvancedtechnology.B．Theoperatorscollectdataaboutconsumers'preferenceandbuyinghabits.\nC．BingoBoxmadewiserdecisionsbasedonthedatacollectedinunmannedstores.D．Theoperatorscanopenunmannedsupermarketsinmoreremoteplaceswithlowcosts.D [推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，较低的经营成本意味着经营商能够将业务范围扩大到客流量较少的地区，即较偏远的地区，故选D项。]Ⅱ.阅读七选五(2020·沈阳市教学质量监测)Leadingasustainable(不破坏环境的)lifestyledoesn'trequireyoutohavetomakegreatchangestoyourhome，andthiskindoftransformationdoesn'thavetobeanexhaustingexercise.__1__Herearethreeofthem.__2___Byusingsolarenergy，youwillmakeyourhomefarmoresustainable.Solongasthereisthesuninthesky，thesolarpanelsatopyourhousewillcatchtheraysandthentransformthemintoelectricity.Makechangestoyourwaterdrinkinghabits.Haveyoueverthoughtabouthowmanysingleuseplasticbottlesyouuseayear?Ifyoushouldeverperformsuchacount，you'dfindyourselfwellintothreefigures，ormaybeevenfour.__3__Tobetrulysustainable，you'vetochangeyourwaterdrinkinghabits.__4__Moreoftenthannot，thesetypesofstrawsareusedonlyoncebeforebeinggotridofandtakingupvaluablelandfillspace.Reduceyourtransportemission(排放)．Ifyouwanttobeamoresustainabletraveller，youshouldseektoreducethecarbonemissionsyouproducebyavoidingdriving.Ofcourse，avoidingmotorvehiclesentirelyisn'talwaysgoingtobeapracticalchoiceforyou.There're，however，stillthingsyoucandotobemoresustainable.__5__Youhavethepowertomakeasustainablechangetoyourlifestyle—taketheaboveadviceanddon'twasteit.A．Turntosolarenergy.B．Avoidwastingvaluableresources.C．Thebestthingyoucandoiscycle，walk，orrun.D．Twochoicesyouhavearesharingcarsandtakingpublictransport.E．There'remanyeasyandsimplethingsyoucandotobemoresustainable.F．Anotherchangeyoucanmakeinthisinstanceistostopusingplasticstraws.G．Drinkingwaterlikethismightbequick，easyandconvenient，butit'snotsustainable.\n【语篇解读】 本文介绍了三条有助于养成环保生活方式的建议，包括使用太阳能、改变饮水习惯以及减少交通工具的碳排放量。1．E [根据空前的“thiskindoftransformationdoesn'thavetobeanexhaustingexercise”可知，这种改变不一定是一项使人疲惫的活动，并结合空后一句表述的“这里是它们中的三个”以及下文表述的三个建议可知，E项与此处匹配。]2．A [根据空后的“Byusingsolarenergy，youwillmakeyourhomefarmoresustainable”可知，该段讲的是“使用太阳能”的建议，故A项符合语境。]3．G [该段主要谈论改变饮水的习惯，空前一句表述如果你数过数量，你会发现你一年中因饮水而用的一次性塑料瓶的数量能达到三位数，或者甚至可能是四位数，由此可知，空处应是对饮用塑料瓶装水的评价，故选G。]4．F [根据空后一句中的“thesetypesofstraws”可知，F项“就这个情况而言，你可以做出的另一个改变是停止使用塑料吸管”符合语境。]5．D [该部分谈论的是在交通工具的碳排放量方面如何培养环保的生活方式，空前一句表述仍然有一些你能做的事情来使你的生活方式更加环保，D项中的“Twochoices”与此处呼应，且整句话表述的内容与此段内容匹配，故选D项。]Ⅲ.语法填空(2020·长沙市统一模拟)Accordingto1._______newstudybytheWHO(WorldHealthOrganization)，about25percentofadultsworldwidedonotgetenoughexercise.Becauseofthis，about1.4billionpeopleare2.________greaterriskofdeveloping3.________(dead)diseasessuchasheartdiseaseandcancer.Whenitcomesto4._________(exercise)more，expertssaythatpeopleneedn'tgotothegymeveryday.Thereareotherwaystoexercise.Forexample，wecantakethestairsinsteadoftakinganelevator.Andstandingononelegfor30secondseachday5.________(be)alsogoodforourhealth.Thestudyalsofindsthatwomenarelessactivethanmenbecause6.________(them)tendtospendmoretimeathometakingcareof7.________(child)anddoinghousework.Countrieswithhigherincomesshowhigherratesofinactivity.Forexample，peopleinKuwaitandtheUnitedStatesexerciseless8._________peopleinUgandaandNepal.Thisispartlybecausein9._________(develop)areas，deskjobshavetakentheplaceofphysicallaborandcars10.________(replace)walking.【语篇解读】 世界卫生组织的一项新的研究发现，全世界大约有25%的成年人缺乏足够的锻炼；女性由于要照顾孩子和做家务，与男性相比锻炼得少。此外，高收入国家的人们比低收入国家的人们锻炼得少。1．a [\n考查冠词。根据语境可知，该处泛指“一项新的研究”，故用不定冠词；又new的发音以辅音音素开头，故用a。]2．at [考查固定搭配。此处表示正因为如此，约有14亿人有较大的患心脏病和癌症等致命疾病的风险。atriskof...“有……的风险”。]3．deadly [考查形容词。该处指“致命的疾病”，故用形容词deadly“致命的”，修饰名词diseases。]4．exercising [考查动名词。whenitcomestodoingsth.“当涉及做某事时”为固定用法，故空处应用动名词形式。]5．is [考查时态和主谓一致。此处为客观描述，应用一般现在时，又该句主语为动名词短语“standingononelegfor30secondseachday”，谓语动词应用单数形式，故填is。]6．they [考查人称代词。空处作从句的主语，故用主格they。]7．children [考查名词的单复数。从句的主语为复数，故此处照顾的孩子也不止一个，故该处用名词的复数形式children。]8．than [考查比较级的标志词。根据空前的副词比较级less可知，该处表示比较，意为“比”，故用than。]9．developed [考查形容词。由上文可知，科威特人和美国人比乌干达人和尼泊尔人锻炼得少；结合常识可知，这是因为在发达地区，伏案工作已经取代了体力劳动，汽车已经取代了步行。故空处用形容词developed“发达的”。]10．havereplaced [考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处与该句中的现在完成时相呼应，应用现在完成时；又主语cars为复数，故填havereplaced。]Ⅳ.短文改错(2020·郑州市高中毕业年级第一次质量预测)ThefirstforeignlanguageIneverlearntwasFrench，butitdidn'tgoverywell.MymotheraskedourneighborteachmewhenIwasseven.Frenchwasn'thisnativelanguages，butheusedtoliveinFrance，sohecouldspeakalittle.However，IlearntverylittleuntilIdidn'tfeelitrelatedtomydailylifeanyway.WhenIenteredintoseniorhighschool，myattitudetolanguagelearningchanged.IdecidedtolearnLatin，thatI'vealwaysbeeninterestedinbecauseIwanttostudylaw.LearningLatinwasn'tastruggleformyselfforthisreason.SoonIbegintoreadclassicsinLatin.Readthosebooksopenedawindowformetoanotherworldorgavemeanewpointofviewonmyownworld.[答案]ThefirstforeignlanguageIlearntwasFrench，butitdidn'tgoverywell.MymotheraskedourneighborteachmewhenIwasseven.Frenchwasn'this\nnative，butheusedtoliveinFrance，sohecouldspeakalittle.However，IlearntverylittleIdidn'tfeelitrelatedtomydailylifeanyway.WhenIenteredseniorhighschool，myattitudetolanguagelearningchanged.IdecidedtolearnLatin，I'vealwaysbeeninterestedinbecauseIwanttostudylaw.LearningLatinwasn'tastruggleforforthisreason.SoonItoreadclassicsinLatin.thosebooksopenedawindowformetoanotherworldgavemeanewpointofviewonmyownworld.
