（十一）句子的类型Ⅰ简单句和并列句01命题趋势考标导向化近几年对简单句的考查主要体现在对陈述句、感叹句、疑问句和祈使句上，对并列句的考查主要是在并列句的构成、并列连词和从属连词上。预计2022年对简单句的考查仍以感叹句、反意疑问句为主，对并列句的考查以并列连词和从属连词为主。02定义概念清晰化简单句是只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)的句子。根据句子的功能可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。陈述句用来陈述一件事或表达一种看法，有肯定和否定两种形式，句末通常用句号。疑问句是用以提问的句子，句末用问号。疑问句又分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。祈使句是用以表示命令、请求或建议的句子，通常省略主语。感叹句是用以表达快乐、痛苦等强烈感情的句子，感叹句有用what或how开头的两种形式。并列句是指由两个或两个以上的并列分句构成的句子。并列句的分句间没有修饰和被修饰的关系，也没有限定或被限定的关系，其间的关联是靠并列连词实现的。03知识归类知识网络化❶简单句分类图解构成类型例句由一个主语(含并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成1.S+ViAnaccidenthappenedyesterday.2.S+V+PYourideasoundsgood.3.S+Vt+OWewanttoseehim.4.S+Vt+O+OMyfathermademeakite.5.S+Vt+O+CHemadeusstandhere.❷陈述句。疑问句、祈使句和感叹句分类图解分类用途例句陈述句肯定肯定的陈述，表示“是如此”Theyusuallygotoschoolbybike.Igetupatsixo’clockinthemorning.否定否定的陈述，表示“不是如此”Theywon’tgototheparktomorrow.Ican’tspeakChinese.疑问句一般疑问句询问一件事或情况是否属实Isthisyourschoolbag?HaveyoubeentoShanghai?特殊疑问句针对句子某一具体成分提问Whatdoesyourfatherdo?WhereisMikefrom?选择疑问句提供两种或两种以上的情况供对方选择—Isyourfriendaboyoragirl?—Heisaboy.反意疑问句由陈述句+简短问句组成，问话者欲对陈述句部分的内容做进一步证实—Thereisabookonthedesk,isn’tthere?—Yes,thereis./No,thereisn’t.祈使句表示命令、请求、建议、劝告等Comein,please.Let’sgotoschool.感叹句表示惊讶、喜悦、愤怒等感情，常用what或how引导Whatbeautifulflowers!Howcleverthegirlis!特例清单1.否定的一般疑问句通常以be动词、情态动词或助动词与not的缩略形式开头，往往表示惊讶、赞叹、怀疑等语气。作简略回答时也要用yes或no，但其汉语翻译与其原意正好相反。如：—Don’tyouhearofthat?你没有听说过吗？—Yes,Ido.不，我听说过。—No,Idon’t.是的，我没有听说过。2.特殊的反意疑问句(1)当陈述部分含有否定意义的词如hardly,few,little,no,nobody,noone,nothing等时，附加疑问部分须用肯定形式。但若陈述部分含有带否定前缀如im-，un-，in-，dis-等的派生词，仍作为肯定结构，附加疑问部分用否定式。(2)Iam…反意疑问句的附加疑问部分应为aren’t5\nI。(3)如果陈述部分是肯定或否定的祈使句，疑问部分须用willyou。(4)当陈述部分是let’sdosth.时，疑问部分须用shallwe来反问；而当陈述部分是letsb.dosth.时，疑问部分仍然用willyou来反问。(5)当陈述部分主语是不定代词nobody，somebody,noone等时，疑问部分须用复数代词they，也可以用he；当陈述部分主语是不定代词nothing，something时，疑问部分须用代词it。(6)若陈述部分为therebe句型，附加疑问部分仍用there。(7)陈述部分含有must，表示“必须”时，附加疑问部分用mustn’t。若陈述部分含must，表示推测意义“必定”时，则附加疑问部分应根据陈述部分不定式结构用相应的系动词或助动词。(8)主从复合句的反意疑问句附加疑问部分的助动词与人称应与主句的谓语动词和人称保持一致。若宾语从句的主句为“Ithink/suppose/believe”等表示说话人的看法，反意疑问句的疑问部分应与宾语从句一致。(9)陈述部分含情态动词oughtto时，附加疑问部分有两种形式：oughtn’t+主语人称代词或shouldn’t+主语人称代词。3.不能出现在一个句子里的连词(1)because(因为),so(所以)不能出现在一个句子里，只能用其一。(2)(al)though(虽然),but(但是)不能出现在一个句子里，只能用其一。但though可以与still或yet连用。如：Thoughhewastired,hestillworkedhard.虽然他很累，但他仍然努力工作。【题组训练】陈述句与疑问句()1.(2022·南宁)Shedoesn’tlikepopmusic,_____?A.doessheB.issheC.doesn’tsheD.isn’tshe()2.(2022·兰州)—Didyouusetohavelonghairorshorthair，Sally?—_________.A.YesldidB.No，Ididn’tC.LonghairD.Curlyhair()3.(2022·北京)—_______peoplearethereinyourfamily?—Three.A.HowoftenB.HowlongC.HowmanyD.Howmuch()4.(2022·济宁)—________areyoualwaysstayingupsolatethesedays?—Toprepareformyfinalexam.A.HowB.WhyC.WhenD.Where()5.(2022·湖州)—Excuseme，Sir.____isitfromheretothenearestshoppingmall?—Well，onlyaboutfiveminutes’walk.A.HowoftenB.HowlongC.HowfarD.Howsoon祈使句()6.(2022·广州)—SorryI’mlate.—_______tellmethebusbrokedownagain!A.NevertoB.NotC.Don’tD.No()7.(2022·重庆)________wakeupyoursister，Ben.Sheneedsagoodsleep.A.Don’tB.Doesn’tC.Aren’tD.Can’t()8.(2022·黄石)—I’mleavingforXisaiMountainthisafternoon.—_________youhavepackedeverything.A.TobesureB.BeensureC.BeingsureD.Besure()9.(2022·黄冈)—Whataretherulesatyourschool?—Don’truninthehallwaysand______arrivelateforclass.A.nottoB.won’tC.don’tD.no()10.(2022·梅州)____playwithfire._____withfireisdangerous.A.Don’t;PlayingB.Not;PlayingC.Don’t;PlayD.Notto;Toplay感叹句()11.(2022·漳州)—____beautifulblousesheiswearing!—Butitdoesn’tlookgoodagainstherskin.A.WhatB.WhataC.How()12.(2022·咸宁)—_______sweetmusic!—AndIreallyliketheVoiceofChinaTVprograms.A.WhatB.WhataC.HowD.Howa()13.(2022·镇江)—DoyouknowthebookOneHundredYearsofSolitude(《百年孤独》)hasbeenprintedagain?—Itisexpectedtobe.______unusualnovelitis!5\nA.WhatB.WhataC.HowD.Whatan()14.(2022·南京)—________braveZhangHuais!—Yes.Hehelpedhisneighbour，MrsSun，outofthefire.A.WhataB.HowC.HowaD.What()15.(2022·滨州)—_______interestingthefilmis!—Yes.Ihaveseenittwice.A.WhatB.HowC.WhatanD.Howan❸并列句分类图解构成意义常用连词简单句+并列连词+简单句表示引申和并列and,notonly…butalso…,aswellas,neither…nor…表示选择or,either…or…表示转折but,while,only表示缘由for,so特例清单and和or用于否定句中：(1)当列举成分是主语，又在否定词前时，用and连接，而当列举成分在否定词之后时，用or构成完全否定。如：Ican’tsingordance.我既不会唱歌，也不会跳舞。LucyandLilycan’tspeakChinese.露西和莉莉不会说汉语。(2)在否定句中，如果所连接的两部分都有否定词，那么用and不用or连接。如：Thereisnowaterandnoaironthemoon.月球上既没有水，也没有空气。【题组训练】()16.(2022·丽水)Goodfriendsarelikestars.Youdon’talwaysseethem，_______youknowtheyarethere.A.asB.butC.forD.then()17.(2022·成都)Confuciusoncesaid，“Everythinghasbeauty，_____noteveryoneseesit.”A.butB.orC.and()18.(2022·安徽)Spendmoretimetalkingwithyourparents，______theymaynotwellunderstandyou.A.orB.soC.andD.but()19.(2022·苏州)Readthisarticle，______youwillunderstandthatnoteverythingcanbeboughtwithmoney.A.orB.andC.butD.so()20.(2022·兰州)Thethingthatmattersisnotwhetheryoufailornot，_______whetheryoutryornot.A.andB.orC.soD.but04整合集训反馈层级化()1._______youwaitafewmoreminutes?It’llbeyourturnsoon.A.MustB.ShouldC.CouldD.Might()2.—______T-shirtdoyoulikebetter,theredoneortheblueone?—Iprefertheredone.A.HowmuchB.HowmanyC.WhoseD.Which()3.—_______doyoucleanyourroom?—Everyday.A.HowlongB.HowmanyC.HowoftenD.Howsoon()4.—Lily,______doyoustudyforamathtest?—Byaskingmyteacherforhelp.A.howB.whoC.whyD.what()5.You’vejustfinishedyourlisteningexam.Pleasegetyourselfreadyforthenextpart,______?A.shallweB.willyouC.doyouD.areyou()6.—YoulikelisteningtoSally’ssongs,don’tyou?—_______.Shehasasweetvoice.A.Yes,IdoB.Yes,shedoesC.No,Idon’tD.No,shedoesn’t()7.—Remembertoturnoffthelightswhenyouleavetheroom.—______.A.No,Iwon’tB.IknowthatC.Itdoesn’tmatterD.OK.Iwill()8.Yogahelpspeopletokeephealthyandrelaxed,_____?5\nA.doesitB.isitC.doesn’titD.isn’tit()9._______exercising,andyou’llbehealthier.A.KeepB.TokeepC.KeepingD.Kept()10._______smokehere,Dad.Smokinghasbeenbanned(禁止)inpublicplaces.A.Don’tbeB.Don’tC.NottobeD.Benot()11.______mebackmymoney,I’llringthepolice.A.Giving;orB.Give;andC.Togive;andD.Give;or()12.—Listen!Someoneisplayingthepiano.—Wow!______beautifulmusic!Ilikeitverymuch.A.WhatB.HowaC.WhataD.How()13._____nicedayitis!Let’sgoandflyakite.A.WhatB.WhataC.HowD.Howa()14._________interestingitistogosailinginQingdaoinsummer!A.WhatB.WhatanC.HowD.Howan()15.—________today!—Yes.Shallwehaveapicnicintheopenair?A.WhatfineweatherisB.HowfineweatheritisC.WhatafineweatheritisD.Howfinetheweatheris()16.Ilikenoisymusic,_____neithermyparentsnormysisterlikesit.A.andB.orC.butD.so()17.—Mymomworksasateacherandshelikesherstudentsverymuch.—____-greatjobitis!Youknow,beingateacherismydream.A.HowB.HowaC.WhatD.Whata()18.—______doyouspendonyourhomeworkeveryday?—Threehours.A.HowoftenB.HowlongC.HowmanyD.Howmuch()19.Therewillbeavolleyballmatchinourschool,_____?A.bethereB.isthereC.willthereD.won’tthere()20.______sleeptoolate.It’sbadforyourhealth.A.DoB.NotC.Don’tD.Pleasenot()21.—_____pencilisthis?—Ithinkit’sJane’s.Isawheruseitjustnow.A.WhatB.WhoC.WhoseD.Which()22.—Therearealwaysmanyvolunteersingreatevents,______?—Yes.Manyhandsmakelightwork!A.aren’tthereB.arethereC.aren’ttheyD.arethey()23.—You’veneverseendinosaureggs,haveyou?—______.HowIwishtovisittheDinosaurWorld!A.Yes,IhaveB.No,Ihaven’tC.Certainly,IhaveD.Ofcourse,Ihaven’t()24.Let’sgosomewhereinterestingtorelaxourselves,______?A.doweB.don’tweC.willyouD.shallwe()25.______crosstheroadbeforethetrafficlightsturngreen.A.NotB.Won’tC.Don’tD.Doesn’t5参考答案：(十一)句子的类型Ⅰ简单句和并列句题组训练1—5ACCBC6—10CADCA11—15BADBB16—20BAABD整合集训1—5CDCAB6—10ADCAB11—15DABCD5\n16—20CDBDC21—25CABDC5
