（八）动词的分类01命题趋势考标导向化近年来对动词的考查主要是动词的种类及各类动词的基本区别，动词的基本变化形式，常见的动词的词义辨析及短语动词的辨析，其中，动词和短语动词的辨析以及动词的基本变化形式是考查的重点和热点。预计2022年动词考查的趋势将是：在具体的语言环境中考查基础动词及其短语动词的辨析。02定义概念清晰化动词是表示人或事物动作和状态的词。按照其语法功能，动词分为行为动词、系动词、助动词及情态动词四类。行为动词又叫实义动词，分为及物动词(后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的动词),不及物动词(本身意义不完整，其后不能接宾语的动词)；系动词(不能独立作谓语，必须与表语一起构成谓语)；助动词(本身没有词义，不能独立作谓语，只能和别的动词一起构成谓语的词，这类词表示时态、语态、语气等特征，帮助构成否定、疑问等)；情态动词(本身有一定意义，但没有人称和数的变化，不能单独使用，必须和实义动词一起构成句子的谓语，表示说话者的情感、态度和语气)。03知识归类知识网络化❶动词的种类分类图解类别功能及用法例子行为动词及物动词vt.本身含有实在意义，表示动作或状态，在句中能独立作谓语。可以接宾语afford,buy,enjoy,keep不及物动词vi.不可以直接接宾语arrive,cry,die,fall连系动词本身有一定的词义，但词义不完整，不能单独作谓语，必须与表语一起构成谓语。be,smell,look,taste助动词本身没有词义，不能独立作谓语，只能和实义动词一起构成谓语，表示时态、语态、否定、疑问等。do,does,will,shall情态动词本身有一定的词义，但不能独立作谓语，只能和实义动词一起构成谓语，表示说话人的语气和情态，没有人称和数的变化。may,must,can,need特例清单1.不及物动词要想接宾语，必须在不及物动词后加上适当的介词。如：Thebabyissmilingatus.小孩正对着我们笑呢。Hediedofhunger.他死于饥饿。Pleaselistentotheteachercarefully.请仔细听老师讲课。2.双宾语动词后面跟两个宾语，直接宾语为动词直接涉及的事物；间接宾语往往指涉及的人。间接宾语有时可放到后面去，由介词to或for引导，变成介词短语。◆能接以to引导的间接宾语的动词常见的有：bring,give,leave,lend,offer,pass,play,read,send,show,take,teach,tell,write等。如：Couldyoulendyourdictionarytome?请你把你的字典借我用用好吗？Shepassedthesalttohim.她把盐递给了他。◆能接以for引导的间接宾语的动词常见的有：bring,build,buy,cook,cut,fetch,find,get,keep,make,order,save,pick,play,sing,take,win,write等。如：Mothercooksbreakfastforuseveryday.母亲每天都为我们做早饭。I’llfetchachairforyou.我去给你拿一个凳子。【题组训练】()1.(2022·眉山)—Who_____thetennisgameyesterday?—Jack，he_____alltheothers.A.beat;wonB.won;wonC.beat;beatD.won;beat()2.(2022·河南)Choosingtherightcircleoffriendswill____usalotoftroubles，heartachesandpossiblyalifeofdeepregret.A.saveB.shareC.keepD.bring()3.(2022·十堰)—Smartphonesaremoreandmorepopularnow.—Sotheyare.Buttheystill_____toomuch.A.payB.costC.takeD.spend()4.(2022·山西)DuringtheWorldCup，alargenumberofsoccerfansflytoBrazil.Ithas_____agreatplaceforfanstohavefun.A.madeB.keptC.become()5.(2022·宿迁)—Tomisanhonestboy，_______he?6\n—Yes.Wetrusthimallthetime.A.isn’tB.isC.doesD.doesn’t❷常见连系动词的用法分类图解常用连系动词词义例句be是I’magirlwithshorthair.become成为，变得MikebecomesinterestedinChinese.turn变得Mr.White’sfaceturnedred.get变得Theweatherisgettingbad.smell闻起来Theflowerssmellnice.sound听起来Theplansoundsgood.taste尝起来Thesouptastesdelicious.stay保持Theshopstaysopentill8pm.grow成长，变得Herhairisgrowingwhite.keep保持Thegirlkeepssilentallthetime.feel感到，摸起来Thecoatfeelsverysoftlook看起来Mymotherlooksveryyoung.注意1.连系动词不能单独作谓语，其后必须接形容词、名词或介词短语作表语。2.含连系动词(be除外)的句子变疑问句时一定要借助助动词do,does,did等。【题组训练】()6.(2022·眉山)—Shallwegoforawalk?—______great.A.FeelsB.SoundsC.TurnsD.Looks()7.(2022·荆州)—Doyoulikeswimminginwinter?—Ofcourse.Thewater_____abitcoldatfirst，butthenIamwarmandfullofenergy.A.feelsB.tastesC.smellsD.looks()8.(2022·河北)Momismakingdinner.It_____sonice!A.smellsB.tastesC.feelsD.sounds()9.(2022·宿迁)—Yourtrainers_____colourful.—Yes.Andtheyarepopularamongyoungpeople.A.feelB.smellC.tasteD.look()10.(2022·乐山)—Ican’tstandthesmellofthestinkingtofu.—Wouldyouliketohaveatry?It_____quitedelicious!A.looksB.soundsC.tastes❸情态动词的用法分类图解情态动词意义及用法例句may表示“请求许可”，意思是“可以，可能”，其一般疑问句的否定回答为mustn’t。—MayIgooutandplayfootball?—No,youmustn’t. 表推测，意思是“可能”。Mr.Limaybeathome.can(could)表示“能力”，意思是“能，会”，否定形式为can’t,couldn’t。MikecanspeakalittleChinese.IcouldridethebikewhenIwas6yearsold.用在疑问句中，表示“征求意见”，could比can的语气更委婉、客气。Couldyoutellmesomethingaboutyourschool?表推测，常用在否定句和疑问句中。Hecan’tbeathome.HehasgonetoJapan.can用于一般现在时及一般过去时两种时态，beableto可以用于各种时态。Hecanspellthesewords.Hehasbeenabletodrawpicturesalready.must表示义务、命令或要求，意思是“必须，应该”，否定形式为mustn’t，意思是“不应该，不允许”，表示警告。Youmustbecarefulnexttime.Youmustn’ttakephotoshere.表示推测，意为“必定”。Hemustbeintheroom.表示说话人的主观看法。Imustgohomenow.must引导的一般疑问句，肯定回答时用must，haveto；否定回答时用needn’t或don’thaveto。—MustIfinishthehomeworktoday?—No,youneedn’t/youdon’thaveto.6\nneed 表示“需要”，多用于否定句。Heneedn’tworryaboutit.作实义动词，后接动词不定式。I’mverytiredandIneedtohavearest.【题组训练】()11.(2022·台州)—Areyouinterestedinshoppingonline?——Notsomuch.We_____seerealproductsbutpictures.A.shouldn’tB.can’tC.mustn’tD.needn’t()12.(2022·威海)—Bob，WhereisLinda?—She________beinthelibrary.ButIamnotsure.A.mustB.mayC.needD.hasto()13.(2022·菏泽)—Look，someoneleftabook.—Oh，yeah…Thisbook_____beKitty’s.Onlyshelikestoreadthiskindofbooks.A.canB.mustC.mayD.might()14.(2022·福州)—Lisa，hurryup!Thebusiscoming.—Oh，no.We____crossthestreetuntilthetrafficlightsturngreen.A.mustn’tB.needn’tC.should()15.(2022·江西)LastyearI______drive.Iusedtotakethebus.A.couldB.couldn’tC.shouldD.shouldn’t❹短语动词分类图解类别实例汉义动词+副词addup加起来breakout爆发carryon坚持下去；继续下去changeinto转换成；变成cleanup清除；收拾干净clearup整理，收拾；(天气)放晴comeback回来；想起来comedown落下来comein进入，进来cutdown砍倒cutoff切断cutup切碎eatup吃光，吃完fallbehind落在……后面；输给别人findout发现；查明getalong取得进展gettogether聚会，联欢getup起床giveaway分发；赠送giveback归还,送回givein屈服giveout分发；用完，耗尽giveup放弃goahead继续goaway走开，离去goon继续growup长大成人，成长handin上交；交纳handout分发holdon坚持；(打电话)别挂断keepon继续(进行)letin让……进来，放进lookahead向前看lookup查找payback偿还(借款等)pickup拾起，捡起；开车接；学会pointout指出，标明putoff推迟puton穿；戴上；上演putup举起；张贴startoff出发stayup熬夜takeoff脱下；起飞turndown声音调小turnin上交turnoff关闭wakeup唤醒，醒来watchout当心workout计算出动词+介词agreewith赞同，同意(某人的看法)arriveat/in到达askfor请求；询问baseon以……为依据belongto属于breakinto破门而入6\ncallfor需要；呼吁carefor在乎，关心comefrom来自……dealwith处理；对付dependon/upon依靠；相信；依赖getover克服getto到达……goby走过，经过goover仔细检查；复习knockat敲laughat嘲笑……learnfrom向……学习lookafter照顾lookat看……，观看……lookfor寻找looklike看起来像passby经过pointto指向……quarrelwith(和某人)争吵standfor代表(某事物)；支持stickto坚持talkabout谈论，议论thinkabout考虑thinkof想起，想出；认为waitfor等待动词+副词+介词addupto加起来总计catchupwith赶上comeupwith想出getalongwith相处goonwith继续进行keepawayfrom远离keepupwith跟上；和……保持联系lookdownon/upon看不起lookforwardto盼望lookoutof朝……外看makeupof由……组成，构成runoutof耗尽注意:对于动词+副词类的短语，如果是名词作宾语，那么这个名词既可以放在短语之间也可以放在短语的后面，但是如果是代词作宾语，则代词一定要放在短语之间。如：Heturnedoffallthelightswhenheleft.当他离开时，他关上了所有的灯。Hepickeditupandgaveittome.他捡起它，然后把它交给了我。【题组训练】()16.(2022·咸宁)—Whenwillyournewbook_______?—Ithasnotbeendecidedyet.A.findoutB.comeoutC.lookupD.setup()17.(2022·山西)—Mum.Ididbestinourgroupdiscussiontoday.—Welldone!I_________you.A.ammadatB.ampatientwithC.amproudof()18.(2022·河南)Thisbusdoesn’tgotothetrainstation.I’mafraidyou’llhaveto______atthelibraryandtaketheA52.A.takeoffB.putoffC.getoffD.turnoff()19.(2022·十堰)—ThesongWheredidthetimego_____theolddaysandtheloveoffamily.—Sure.It’smyfavoritesong.A.helpsusoutB.remindsusofC.letsusdownD.regardsusas()20.(2022·安徽)Astime_______，you’llcometothinkofEnglishasyourfriendandloveit.A.goesbyB.runsoutC.takesoffD.turnsup04整合集训反馈层级化()1.—CanIborrowyourEnglishbook,please?—Sure.Butyoumust______ittomesoon.A.keepB.buyC.returnD.hold()2.—HaveyoueverlistenedtothesongBaby?—Yes,it_____wonderful.Allofuslikeitverymuch.A.smellsB.soundsC.looksD.tastes()3.—Howaboutthesilkskirt?—It______soft!I’lltakeit.A.tastesB.soundsC.smellsD.feels()4.Aftertheseriousillness,hefinally_____howimportanthealthis.A.realizedB.meantC.addedD.impressed()5.Theoldman’seyesightisn’tverygood.Heoften______TimforJim.6\nA.regardsB.treatsC.mistakesD.thinks()6.—WhyisLilysopopularamongthestudents?—Becausesheoften_____uswithhelpandcare.A.givesB.offersC.providesD.supports()7.—DoyouthinkHoustonRocketswillbeatLakers?—Yes.Theyhavebetterplayers,soI______themtowin.A.hopeB.thinkC.dependD.expect()8.—Howlongdoyouthinktheterribleweatherwill______?—Whynotlistentotheweatherreport?A.appearB.lastC.changeD.discover()9.Listen!Thewholeclassisquietnow.It_____thateveryonefallsasleep.A.seemsB.looksC.soundsD.gets()10.Thechildrenaremakingtoomuchnoise.Ican’t____it.A.standB.hearC.considerD.know()11.Wow,thedish_____delicious.Couldyoupleasetellmehowtocookit?A.keepsB.tastesC.soundsD.feels()12.—WhydoesZhangLeilookunhappy?—Becauseherbestfrienddidn’t_____hertogoonapicnic.A.makeB.letC.inviteD.refuse()13.David_______hisfriend’sinvitationtothepicnicinordertostayathomeandhaveagoodrest.A.expectedB.refusedC.receivedD.told()14.—Who’sthatboyintheredcoat?—Heismynewfriend.Letme______himtoyou.A.introduceB.tellC.promiseD.say()15.—Whataboutthepictureoverthere?—It________nice.A.tastesB.getsC.looksD.sounds()16.—MayIgotothecinema,Mum?—Certainly.Butyou_____bebackby11o’clock.A.canB.mayC.mustD.need()17.—____IspeaktoMay,please?—I’msorryshe____cometothephonebecausesheisbusynow.A.Might;won’tB.Can;mustn’tC.May;can’tD.Could;shouldn’t()18.—IwanttoknowifI______smokehere.—No,you_______.Couldyouseethesign“NOSMOKING”there?A.can;needn’tB.must;can’tC.shall;won’tD.can;mustn’t()19.Mywifeneverremembersmytelephonenumber.Shealways_______lookitup.A.mustB.shouldC.wouldD.hasto()20.—_____youpassmethedictionary,please?—Sure.Hereyouare.A.CouldB.NeedC.MustD.Might()21.—MustIgotherewithyou?—No,you____.David______gowithme.A.mustn’t;canB.can’t;mustC.don’t;shouldD.needn’t;may()22.You______becarefulwhencrossingtheroad—thetrafficlightsaren’tworking.A.mightB.shouldC.couldD.may()23.—CouldIborrowyourruler?—Yes,ofcourseyou_______.A.willB.shouldC.canD.need()24.—I’vetakensomeoneelse’sgreensweaterbymistake.—It_______Henry’s.Healwayswearsgreen.A.hastobeB.willbeC.mustn’tbeD.couldbe()25.Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybutluckilyeveryone_______getout.A.hadtoB.wouldC.wasabletoD.could()26.—IsPaulcomingbytrain?—Heshould,buthe_______.Helikesdrivinghiscar.A.can’tB.needn’tC.maynotD.mustn’t()27.—Isn’tthatAnn’shusbandoverthere?—No,it_______behim.I’msurehedoesn’twearglasses.A.can’tB.mustnotC.won’tD.maynot()28.Susan,you______leaveallyourclothesonthefloorlikethis!A.wouldn’tB.mustn’t6\nC.needn’tD.maynot()29.—Listen!Someoneissinginginthenextroom.Who____itbe?IsitZhuLei?—No.It______beher.Sheisatschoolnow.A.will;maynotB.must;mustn’tC.may;can’tD.may;won’t()30.Susan’sparentshaveboughtalargehousewithaswimmingpool.It_______beveryexpensive.A.mustB.canC.mustn’tD.can’t()31.—Doyouknowifheisstillliving?—I’mnotsure.Ithinkhe_______dieinabattlein1943.A.havetoB.shouldC.mustD.might()32.—Youcansitandreadthebookshereifyou_____.—Thankyouverymuch.A.canB.willC.mayD.must()33.—MustIwashalltheclothesthisafternoon?—No,you_______.A.don’thavetoB.mustn’tC.can’tD.maynot()34.—_______theworkbefinishedbytheendofthisweek?—Yes,itmust.A.WillB.ShallC.NeedD.Can()35.—_______Igothereatonce?—No,Idon’tthinkyou____now.It’sstillearly.A.Can;havetoB.Do;needtoC.Need;mustD.May;would()36.—Tom,it’scoldoutside._______yourcoatwhenyougoout.—OK,Mum.A.TakeoffB.TakeawayC.PutawayD.Puton()37.IworkveryhardbecauseIdon’twantto______.A.letmyparentsdownB.letdownmyparentsC.letmyparentstobedisappointedD.letmyparentsgo()38.—WhenwillHanHan’snewbook________?—Sorry,Idon’tknow.Imlookingforwardtohisnewbook,too.A.comeonB.comeoutC.comeinD.comeover()39.—Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthiscity.—Right.Manymodernbuildingshavebeen_______thesedays.A.turnedupB.putupC.shownupD.fixedup()40.Dontworry!Imsureyou’ll_______yourclassmatesifyouarekindandfriendlytothem.A.catchupwithB.agreewithC.getalongwellwithD.makefriendswith6参考答案：(八)动词的分类题组训练1—5DABCA6—10BAADC11—15BBBAB16—20BCCBA整合集训1—5CBDAC6—10CDBAA11—15BCBAC16—20CCDDA21—25DBCDC26—30CABCA31—35DBACC36—40DABBC6
