（十三）主谓一致和倒装句01命题趋势考标导向化主谓一致是初中阶段的重要语法项目之一，经常出现在近几年的中考试卷中。考查重点是主谓一致：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则，其中语法一致原则和就近一致原则是历年的考查热点。从命题形式来看，主要以单项选择为主，在完形填空、句型转换和翻译句子中有时也会涉及此考点。02定义概念清晰化主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。主谓一致必须遵循三个原则，即语法一致原则、意义一致原则、就近一致原则。语法一致原则是指主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。意义一致原则是主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致，即主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，则谓语动词用复数形式；若主语形式上为复数，但表示单数意义，则谓语动词用单数形式。就近一致原则也叫邻近原则，是指谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语。03知识归类知识网络化❶语法一致原则分类图解使用情况例句“不可数名词、可数名词单数、单数代词、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、从句”等用作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。Thegirlisfondofsinging.Toprotecttheenvironmentisourduty.Readinginthesunisbadforoureyes.表示复数的名词、代词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。Thestudentsarehavingtheirmathclass.TheyhavebeentoQingdaotwice.and连接主语时，如果该并列主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或事物，谓语动词用复数形式；如果该并列主语指的是“同一个人或事物”(即and后面的名词前面没有冠词)，则谓语动词要用单数形式。Eatingvegetablesanddoingexercisearegoodforourhealth.Thewriterandteacheriscoming.Thewriterandtheteacherarecoming.both…and…连接主语，谓语动词用复数形式。BothPeterandMikecomefromEngland.有些只有复数形式的名词(如glasses,shorts,trousers,jeans,shoes,clothes,gloves等)作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。Jack’sglassesarebroken.Linda’sshoesareblackandblue.“anumberof+复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数形式；“thenumberof+复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。Anumberoftreeshavebeenplanted.Thenumberofthementeachersinourschoolismorethan120.不定代词another,eachone,either,neither,theother,somebody,someone,something,nobody,everybody,everyone,everything,nothing,anybody,anything,anyone,noone等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Iseveryonehere?Somethingiswrongwithmycomputer.Icalledlastnight,butnobodywasin.主语后面跟with,alongwith,like,except,besides,aswellas,togetherwith,including,nolessthan,ratherthan,asmuchas等词或短语时，谓语动词的数与主语保持一致MeiMei,withherparents,oftengoestotheparkonSunday.Ateacher,togetherwithsomestudents,isstandingatthegate.主语前面有表示“单位、度量”的短语如“akind(sort/type/form/pair/cup/glass/piece/load/block/box/handful/quantity/ton/metre/…)of”等时，表示“单位、度量”的这个名词的单复数决定谓语的单复数形式。ThiskindofcarismadeinChina.Largequantitiesofwaterareneeded.“分数或百分数+名词”作主语或“alotof／lotsof,plentyof,mostof+Twothirdsoftheworkhasbeenfinished.MostofthebooksarewritteninEnglish.5\n名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于名词。若名词是单数可数名词或者是不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数形式；若名词是可数名词复数，则谓语动词用复数形式。特例清单1.what从句作主语时，如果表示的是单数意义，则谓语动词用单数形式；如果表示的是复数意义，则谓语动词用复数形式。如：Whatweneedistime.我们需要的是时间。Whatsheneedsaregoodbooks.她需要的是一些好书。2.and连接并列主语，若前面有each,every,manya,no等词修饰时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。如：Eachboyandeachgirlhasgotapresent.每个男孩和女孩都收到了一份礼物。【题组训练】()1.(2022·黔东南)Climbinghills_____goodforourhealth.A.areB.isC.wasD.were()2.(2022·咸宁)—Whatareyougoingtodothisweekend?—Itogetherwithmyclassmates____goingtoclimbMountQian.A.isB.amC.areD.Were()3.(2022·达州)—Icalledyouat5:00yesterdayafternoon，butnooneanswered.—Sorry，Iwithmyparents______atthattime.A.wasshoppingB.wereshoppingC.areshoppingD.wentshopping()4.(2022·孝感)Anumberofvolunteers____fromfarawaycities.A.isB.areC.iscomeD.arccome()5.(2022·白银)Thezookeeperisworriedbecausethenumberofvisitors________smallerandsmaller.A.becomeB.arebecomingC.isbecomingD.havebecome❷意义一致原则分类图解使用情况例句使用情况例句有些集体名词如crowd,family,team,group,government,class,staff,public等，它们作主语时，谓语动词的数要根据具体语境而定：若它们表示一个集体单位，则动词用单数形式；若表示集体中的成员，则谓语用复数形式。Hisfamilyisn’tlarge.Hisfamilyarefondofwatchingsportsprograms.有些集合名词如people,police,cattle,poultry(家禽)等，形式上是单数，而意义上却表示复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；有些名词如news,means,works,physics,politics,maths等，形式上是复数，而意义上却表示单数，因此谓语动词用单数形式。Thepolicearesearchingforthemurder.Physicsisreallydifficultforme“the+某些形容词”可以表示一类人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。Theyoungareenergetic.某些代词或短语如half(of),plenty(of),therest(of),(a)part(of)等作主语时，谓语动词应视其“具体所指”即所修饰的名词来决定单、复数。Halfoftheworkhasbeenfinished.Halfoftheworkershavefinishedtheirworkaheadoftime.表示重量、度量、时间、长度、价格、数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，通常视为一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。Twopoundsisn’tsoheavy.Twomonthsisalongholiday.Tenyuanisenough.Tenminusfiveisfive.特例清单1.某些以s结尾的地理名称，如果是国名，如theUnitedStates，theNetherlands等，谓语动词用单数形式；如果是群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等地理名称作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。如：TheUnitedStatesisadevelopedcountry.美国是一个发达的国家。TheNiagaraFallsareperhapsthemostsplendidwaterfallintheworld.尼亚加拉大瀑布或许是世界上最壮观的瀑布。5\n2.none如果指量，动词用单数；若用来指数目，与可数名词连用，谓语动词用单、复数形式皆可；none如果代指不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数。如：Noneofthemoneybelongstome.没有一分钱是属于我的。Noneofthestudentshas/havebeentoEgyptinourclass.我们班没有一个学生去过埃及。3.“all/most/half/therestof+名词”作主语，谓语动词与of后面的名词的数保持一致。如：Mostofhermoneyisspentonclothes.她的大部分钱被花在衣服上了。HalfofthestudentswatchTVtwiceaweek.一半的学生一周看两次电视。【题组训练】()6.(2022·广东)—Doyouneedmoretimetocompletethetask?—Yes.Anothertendays______enough.A.isB.wasC.areD.were()7.(2022·宜宾)Look!Thepolice_____thefoodontothebankoftheriver.A.amcarryingB.iscarryingC.arecarryingD.arecarried()8.(2022·广安)—Maths______myfavoritesubject.Whataboutyou?—Physics_______.Ithinkit’sveryinteresting.A.is;isB.are;areC.are;is()9.(2022·佛山)Thankstotheorganization，somemoney______giventothepoorchildren.A.wasB.wereC.are()10.(2022·自贡)—Howsooncanyoufinishthisjob?—Twodays____enoughformetofinishthework.Ineedaweek.A.isn’tB.aren’tC.is❸就近一致原则分类图解使用情况例句由or,either…or…,nor,neither…nor…,whether…or…,not…but…,notonly…butalso…等连词连接并列主语时，谓语动词必须与它相邻的主语保持一致Neitheryounorheiswrong.NotonlyJimbutalsohisfriendsareenjoyingthefilm.Here/therebe句型中句子的主语在be之后，系动词必须与它相邻的主语保持一致。Herearesomebooksandpaperforyou.Thereisanorangeandtwoapplesontheplate.【题组训练】()11.(2022·广安)—NeitherTonynorI____interestedinplayingWeibo.—Youareout.A.amB.isC.are()12.(2022·白银)There______greatchangesinsuchkindofPDAs(掌上电脑)inthelastfewyears.A.hasbeenB.havebeenC.hashadD.havehad()13.(2022·济宁)Acrossfrommyhome，_______ashopwhichsellsthingsfromforeigncountries.A.itisB.ithasC.thereisD.thatis()14.(2022·重庆)There______lotsofsheepandpigsonmyuncle’sfarmnow.A.wasB.wereC.isD.are()15.(2022·安顺)NeithermysisternorI______beentoAmericabefore.A.haveeverB.haveneverC.haseverD.hasnever❹倒装句结构例句so+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语(主语不是同一个人，意为“也是如此”)—TomhaseverbeentoChina.汤姆曾经到过中国。—SohasMike.迈克也去过。neither+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语(主语不是同一个人，表否定)—LiPingwasn’tlateforschoolthismorning.李平今天上午没有上学迟到。—NeitherwasTom.汤姆也没有。so+主语+助动词/情态动词/be动词(主语是同一个人，意为“的确如此”)—HecontinuedwatchingTVafterthephonerangmanytimes.在电话铃响很多次后他继续看电视。—Sohedid.的确如此。Here/There+谓语动词+名词主语Here/There+代词主语+谓语动词Herecomesthebus.公共汽车来了。Hereitis.它在这里。【题组训练】5\n()16.(2022·黄石)—SorrySir，I’vemadesomanymistakesinthispaper.—It’sOK._____.Thispaperisverydifficult.A.SohaveotherstudentsB.SodootherstudentsC.NeitherdootherstudentsD.Neitherhaveotherstudents()17.(2022·南充)—Hehasn’tseenthatinterestingfilmbefore.—_________.A.SohaveIB.NeitherhaveIC.NordoID.SodoI()18.(2022·云南)—Kunmingisreallyacomfortablecitytolivein.—_________.Theweatherispleasant.A.SoitisB.SoisitC.SoitdoesD.Sodoesit()19.(2022·遂宁)—WillyougotoPeter’spartythisSaturdayevening?—Ihaven’tdecidedyet.Ifyoudon’tgo，________.A.sowillIB.neitherdoIC.neitherwillI()20.(2022·白银)—HasyourmotherbeentoLondon?—Yes，and_______.Wewenttogether.A.sohaveIB.soIhaveC.neitherhaveID.neitherIhave04整合集训反馈层级化()1.Oneofmyfriends______movedtoAmerica.Imisshersomuch.A.hasB.haveC.isD.are()2.Thisismytwinsister,Lucy.NotonlyshebutalsoI______goodatdrawing.A.isB.amC.areD.be()3.Tenminutesago,there_____aneraser,apenandsomebooksonthedesk.A.isB.areC.wasD.were()4.Linda,withherparents,______theWolfHill,andtheywillbebackthisafternoon.A.havegonetoB.hasbeentoC.havebeentoD.hasgoneto()5.In1850,aboutathirdoftheUSA______coveredwithforests(森林).A.wereB.hasbeenC.areD.was()6.Thepopulationoftheworld______still_____now.A.has;grownB.will;growC.is;grownD.is;growing()7.Asthesayinggoes,nonews_______goodnews.A.isB.areC.hasD.have()8.Mostoftheboyswhoaregoodatplayingbasketball_____ingoodhealth.A.isB.areC.wasD.were()9.—Haveyougotanywatertodrink?—Hereyouare.There______stillsomeinthebottle.A.areB.hasC.isD.have()10.Cindytogetherwithherparentsoften_____tothemoviesonweekends.A.goB.goesC.hasgoneD.havegone()11.—Whichwouldyoulike,teaorcoffee?—Either______OK,butIprefercoffee_____tea.A.is;toB.are;withC.is;withD.are;to()12.Thewholefamily_______enjoyingthebeautifulmusicnow.A.isallB.allisC.allareD.areall()13.—Howmuchwouldyouliketopayforthepairofshoes?—Twentydollars_______enough.A.beB.isC.areD.am()14.—Physics_____moredifficultthanmath,doyouthinkso?—Yes,Ithinkso.A.isB.areC.hasD.have()15.Everyone_______IcomefromSichuan.Actually,IcomefromShanxi.A.thinksB.don’tthinkC.thinkD.doesn’tthink()16.Eachmanandwoman_____thesamerights(权利).A.hadB.hasC.haveD.ishaving()17.Climbinghills______ofgreathelptoourhealth.A.wasB.wereC.isD.are()18.Eachofthegirlshere________totheWestLaketwice.A.havegoneB.havebeen5\nC.hasgoneD.hasbeen()19.Neithermyfathernormymother_____rockmusic.Theythinkit’stoo_______.A.likes;noisyB.likes;noiseC.like;noisyD.like;noise()20.______ofthelandinthisdistrict______coveredwithtreesandgrass.A.Twofifths;areB.Twofifth;areC.Twofifth;isD.Twofifths;is()21.Something_____gonewrongwithmyTVset.A.hasB.haveC.isD.are()22.Talkingaloudonamobilephone____impolite.A.areB.seemC.isD.look()23.EveryoneexceptBillandJim_______therewhenthemeetingbegan.A.wasB.isC.areD.were()24.Halfofthestudents_____madethesuggestions.A.hasB.haveC.isD.are()25.—Howmanyclassesdoyouusuallyhaveaday?—Sixclassesaday.Andeachofthem______45minutes.A.lastB.lastsC.haveD.are5参考答案：(十三)主谓一致和倒装句题组训练1—5BBABC6—10ACAAA11—15ABCDA16—20ABACA整合集训1—5ABCDD6—10DABCB11—15ADBAA16—20BCDAD21—25ACABB5
