介词、连词【考点直击】1.常用介词及其词组的主要用法和意义；2.常用动词、形容词与介词、副词的固定搭配及其意义。3.并列连词and,but,or,so等的主要用法；4.常用的附属连词的根本用法【名师点睛】1.介词的功能介词是一种虚词，用来表示名词或相当于名词的其它词语句中其它词的关系，不能单独使用。介词可与名词或相当于名词的其它词构成介词短语。介词短语可在句中作定语，状语，表语和宾语补足语。例如：TheboyoverthereisJohn’sbrother.(定语)Thegirlwillbebackintwohours.(状语)OurEnglishteacherisfromAustralia.(表语)Helpyourselftosomefish.(宾语补足语)2.常用介词的用法辨析（1）表时间的介词1）at,inon表示时间点用at。例如：atsixo’clock,atnoon,atmidnight。表示在某个世纪，某年，某月，某个季节以及早晨，上午，下午，晚上时，用in。例如：intheninettenthcentury,in2022,inmay,inwinter,inthemorning,intheafternoon等。表示具体的某一天和某一天的上午，下午，晚上时，用on。例如：onMonday,onJuly1st,onSundaymorning等。2）since,after由since和after引导的词组都可表示从过去某一点开场的时段，但since词组表示的时段一直延续到说话的时刻，因而往往要与现在完成时连用。而after词组所表示的时段纯系过去，因而要与一般过去时连用。例如：Ihaven’theardfromhimsincelastsummer.Afterfivedaystheboycameback.3）in,afterin与将来时态连用时，表示“过多长时间以后”的意思，后面跟表示一段时间的词语。After与将来时态连用时，后面只能跟表示时间点的词语。After与过去时态连用时，后面才能跟表示一段时间的词语。例如：Hewillbebackintwomonths.Hewillarriveafterfouro’clock.Hereturnedafteramonth.（2）表示地点的介词1）at,in,on7/7\nat一般指小地方；in一般指大地方或某个范围之内；on往往表示“在某个物体的外表”。例如：HearrivedinShanghaiyesterday.Theyarrivedatasmallvillagebeforedark.Thereisabigholeinthewall.Theteacherputupapictureonthewall.2）over,above,onover,on和above都可表示“在……上面”，但具体含义不同。Over表示位置高于某物，在某物的正上方，其反义词是under。above也表示位置高于某物，但不一定在正上方，其反义词是below。On指两个物体外表接触，一个在另一的上面。例如：Thereisabridgeovertheriver.Weflewabovetheclouds.Theyputsomeflowersontheteacher’sdesk.3）across,throughacross和through均可表示“从这一边到另一边”，但用法不同。Across的含义与on有关，表示动作在某一物体的外表进展。Throgh的含义与in有关，表示动作是在三维空间进展。例如：Thedogranacrossthegrass.Theboyswamacrosstheriver.Theywalkedthroughtheforest.Ipushedthroughthecrowds.4)infrontof,inthefrontofinfrontof表示“在某人或某物的前面”，在某个范围以外；inthefrontof表示“在……的前部”，在某个范围以内。例如：Therearesometalltreesinfrontofthebuilding.Theteacherissittinginthefrontoftheclassroom.3.介词的固定搭配介词往往同其他词类形成了固定搭配关系。记住这种固定搭配关系，才能正确使用介词。（1）介词与动词的搭配listento,laughat,getto,lookforwaitfor,hearfrom,turnon,turnoff,worryabout,thinkof,lookafter,spend…on…,等。（2）介词与名词的搭配ontime,intime,bybus,onfoot,withpleasure,onone’swayto,introuble,atbreakfast,attheendof,intheend等。（3）介词与形容词的搭配belatefor,beafraidof,begoodat,beinterestedin,beangrywith,befullof,besorryfor等。4.连词的功能用来连接词，短语，从句或句子的词叫连词。连词是一种虚词，在句中不能单独使用。连词可分为两类：并列连词和附属连词。5.并列连词7/7\n并列连词用来连接具有并列关系的词，短语或句子。常见的并列连词有：(1)表并列关系的and,both…and,notonly…butalso,neither…nor等。(2)表选择关系的or,either…or等。(3)表转折关系的but,while等。(4)表因果关系的for,so等。6.附属连词附属连词用来引导从句。常见的附属连词有：(1)引导时间状语从句的after,before,when,while,as,until,till,since,assoonas等。(2)引导条件状语从句的if,unless等。(3)引导原因状语从句的because,as,since等。(4)引导目的状语从句的sothat,inorderthat等。(5)引导让步状语从句的though,although,evenif等。(6)引导结果状语从句的sothat,so…that,such…that等。(7)引导比较状语从句的than,as…as等。(8)引导名词从句的that,if,whether等。7.常用连词的用法辨析（1）while,when,as这三个连词都可引导时间状语从句，但用法有所不同。1)当某事正在进展的时候，又发生了另一件事。While,when,as都可用来引导表示“背景”的时间状语从句。例如：As/When/WhileIwaswalkingdownthestreetInoticedapolicecar.2)当两个长动作同时进展的时候，最常用的是while。例如：Whilemotherwascookinglunch,Iwasdoingmyhomework.3)当两个动作都表示开展变化的情况时，最常用的是as。例如：Aschildrengetolder,theybecomemoreandmoreinterestedinthingsaroundthem.4)当两个短动作同时发生时，或表示“一边…一边…”时，最常用as。例如：Justashecaughtthefly,hegavealoudcry.Shelookedbehindfromtimetotimeasshewent5)当从句的动作先于主句的动作时，通常用when。例如：Whenhefinishedhiswork,hetookashortrest.6)当从句是瞬间动作，主句是延续性动作时，通常用when。例如：WhenJohnarrivedIwascookinglunch.（2）as,because,since,for这四个词都可表原因，但用法有区别。1)如果原因构成句子的最主要局部，一般用because。因此，because引导的从句往往放在句末。例如：Istayedathomebecauseitrained.---Whyaren’tyougoing?---BecauseIdon’twantto.7/7\n2)如果原因已被人们所知，或不如句子的其它局部重要，就用as或since。Since比as稍微正式一点。As和since引导的从句一般放在句子的开头。例如：Ashewasn’tready,weleftwithouthim.SinceIhavenomoney,Ican’tbuyanyfood.3)for用来补充说明一种理由，因此，for引导的从句几乎可以放在括号里。For引导的句子不放在句子的开头。例如：Idecidedtostopandhavelunch----forIwasfeelingquitehungry.（3）if,whetherif和whether都可作“是否”讲，在引导宾与从句是一般可互换。例如：Iwonderwhether(if)youstillstudyinthatschool.Idon’tknowwhether(if)helikesthatfilm.在以下情况下，只能用whether,不能用if：1)引导主语从句时。例如：Whetherhewillcometothepartyisunknown.2)引导表语从句时。例如：ThequestioniswhetherIcanpasstheexam.3)在不定式前。例如：Ihaven’tmadeupmymindwhethertogothereornot.（4）so…that,such...that1)so…that中的so是个副词，其后只能跟形容词或副词，而such...that中的such是个形容词，后接名词或名词短语。例如：I’msotiredthatIcan’twalkanyfarther.Itwassuchawarmdaythathewentswimming.2)如果在名词之前有many,much,little,few时，用so,不用such。例如：Hehassolittleeducationthatheisunabletogetajob.IhavehadsomanyfallsthatIamblackandblueallover.（5）either…or…,neither…nor,notonly…butalso…这三个连词词组都可连接两个并列成分。当它们连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词要随相邻的主语变化。例如：Eitheryouorheiswrong.Neitherhenorhischildrenlikefish.Notonlytheteacherbutalsothestudentswanttobuythebook.（6）although,but这两个连词不能用在同一个句子中。例如：我们不能说“Althoughheisoversixty,butheworksashardasothers.”这个句子应改为：Althoughheisoversixty,heworksashardasothers.或Heisoversixty,butheworksashardasothers.（7）because,so7/7\n这两个连词同样不能用在同一个句子中。例如：我们不能说“BecauseJohnwasill,soItookhimtothedoctor.”这个句子应改为BecauseJohnwasill,Itookhimtothedoctor.或Johnwasill,soItookhimtothedoctor.【实例解析】1.---WhenwillMrBlackcometoBeijing?---___________September5.A.OnB.ToC.AtD.In答案：A。表示时间的介词的用法。表示某一天用介词on。2.Theboysfeltsadastheylost________thegirlsinthetalkshow.A.byB.inC.toD.on答案：C。该题考察的是介词和动词的固定搭配。lose表示输给谁的时候用介词to。应选C。3---Ilikeridingfast.It’sveryexciting.---Oh!Youmustn’tdoitlikethat,________itmayhaveanaccident.A.andB.orC.soD.but答案：B。该题考察的是并列连词的用法。答语的意思是“你不要那样做，否那么会发生事故的。”在这四个并列连词中，只有or含有这样的意思，所以应选B。3.Johnfellasleep________hewaslisteningtothemusic.A.afterB.beforeC.whileD.assoonas答案：C。该题考察的是引导时间状语从句的常用附属连词的用法。本句的含义是“约翰在听音乐的时候睡着了。”表示在干某事时发生了某个事情”通常用while。因此应选C。【中考演练】一.单项填空1.WetraveledovernighttoParisandarrived_______5o’clock______themorning.A.on;inB.at;inC.at;onD.in;on2.Where’sLily?Weareallhere_______her.A.besideB.aboutC.exceptD.with3.Shesentherfriendapostcard_______abirthdaypresent.A.onB.asC.forD.of4.JackhasstudiedChineseinthisschool_______theyearof2000.A.sinceB.inC.onD.by5.---Whatisawritingbrush,doyouknow?---It’s_______writinganddrawing.A.withB.toC.forD.by6.Englishiswidelyused______travellersandbusinesspeopleallovertheworld.7/7\nA.toB.forC.asD.by7.______thehelpofmyteacher,Icaughtupwiththeotherstudents.A.UnderB.InC.WithD.On8.HongKongis______thesouthofChina,andMacaois______thewestofHongKong.A.in;toB.to;toC.to;inD.in;in9.---You’dbetternotgooutnow.It’sraining.---Itdoesn’tmatter.Mynewcoatcankeep______rain.A.inB.ofC.withD.off10.Japanlies______theeastofChina.A.toB.inC.aboutD.at11.---WilltheforeignershaveanyproblemstalkingwithChinesein2022?---Idon’tthinkso.Now______theyoung______theoldcanspeaksomeEnglish.A.either…orB.notonly…butalsoC.neither…norD.both…or12.Wedidn’tcatchthetrain_______weleftlate.A.soB.becauseC.butD.though13.Tomfailedintheexamagain_______hewantedtopassitverymuch.A.ifB.soC.thoughD.as14.Iwon’tbelievethatthefive-year-oldboycanreadfivethousandwords______Ihavetestedhimmyself.A.afterB.whenC.ifD.until15.Thebookwassointerestingthathehadreaditforthreehours______herealizedit.A.whenB.untilC.afterD.before16.---Thisdresswaslastyear’sstyle.---Ithinkitstilllooksperfect______ithasgoneoutthisyear.A.sothatB.eventhoughC.asifD.eversince17.Hurryup,_______youwillmissthetrain.A.andB.soC.howeverD.or18.Themountainwas______steep_____fewpeopleinourcityreachedthetop.A.so…asB.so…thatC.as…asD.too…to19.---DoyourememberourpleasantjourneytoXi’an?---Ofcourse.Iremembereverything______ithappenedyesterday.A.assoonasB.eventhoughC.ratherthanD.asif20.______youcan’tanswerthisquestion,wehavetoasksomeoneelseforhelp.A.AlthoughB.WhileC.WhetherD.Since二.用适当的介词填空1.---Howareyougoingtothetrainstationtomeetyouraunt?---I’mgoingthere_______mycar.7/7\n2.Mum,todayisMother’sDay.MikeandIwanttoinviteyoutohavedinner_____usatZhonglouRestaurant.3.Hangzhouisfamous______theWestLake.4.Todaysomenewly-producedmobilephonescantakepictures______acamera.5.Couldyoutellmeifthereisaflighttothecapital______March,25th?6.Weallagree______you.Let’sstartatonce.7.Thereisabigshop______theothersideoftheroad.8.---Whichnecklacehaveyoulost?---Theoneyougaveme_____mybirthday.9.Youshouldtakemoreexercise.It’sgood______yourhealth.10.Itisclearthatfishcannotlive_______water.三.用适当的连词填空1.______theyarebrothers,theydon’tlooklikeeachotheratall.2.Thedresswasveryexpensive,______Ididn’tbuyit.3.---Doyouknow______Icouldpasstheexam?---Sorry,I’venoidea.4.Mr.BrownknowslittleJapanese,______hecan’tunderstandtheinstructionsonthebottleofthepills.5.Thewarwasoveraboutayearago,______theAmericansoldiersinIraqarestillhavingalotoftroubletodealwith.6.---IsDavidatschooltoday?---No.Heisathome_______hehasabadcold.7._____Lily_____Lucymaygowithyoubecauseoneofthemmuststayathome.8.Studyhard,_____youaresuretohaveagoodresultintheexam.9.Pleasehaveawash_______yougotobed.10.Thetwinshavelearnedalot______theycametoChina.【练习答案】7/7
