短文填空技巧点拨一、题型概述短文填空相当于完形填空的一种变形，即将一篇短文中的若干个词抽出，要求考生在每个空格中填上一个词，使短文意思完整。该题型是对考生综合能力的考查，包括阅读理解能力、基础语法能力、单词拼写能力和语言表达能力等。根据近几年的中考题可发现，短文填空的文章主要以记叙文和议论文为主，一般设10-12个空，每空一词。所填单词也多以实词为主，兼顾其它词性。中考短文填空主要有以下五种形式：1.选词或词组填空；2.根据首字母填词；3.用所给单词的正确形式填空；4.根据汉语提示填词；5.根据上下文填词。二、题型考查点1.考查词性、词形的转换。这一考点通常占较大比重，集中在考查动词的时态及语态、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级、名词的单复数等知识点。因此，这就要求考生首先要理解短文的主旨大意，弄清语法、句子的结构等问题。2.考查固定搭配。对于这类题目，我们平时要注重固定搭配的积累，比如习惯用语中的介词、固定句法中的连词等。3.考查关联词。关联词连接两个或更多的分句，反映了句子之间的关系。它们在句中虽不是主要成分，但起着衔接和连贯的作用。关联词的选择主要取决于考生对上下文的理解。4.考查推断能力。该考点侧重考查考生对整个篇章的把控能力，能根据已有的信息进行适当的推断，做出正确的判断。三、解题步骤1.跳过空格，通读短文，了解大意。在做题时，要跳过空缺处，快速阅读全文，注意找出关键词，从整体上把握全文大意。要注重对短文首句的理解，善于以首句的时态、语气为立足点，理清文脉，推测文章主题。如果是选词填空题型，先浏览所给单词或短语，弄清楚所给单词的词性、意思。2.精心解题，确定语义，边读边做。认真复读短文，确定空格处所需词语的意义；再根据空格在句中的位置，判断其在句中充当的成分，从而确定所填词的词性；然后再依据词语搭配和语法规则，判断所填的词的正确形式。做题时，要先易后难，首先选出那些根据上下文能确定的答案，比如固定词组、句型或常见的语法结构等。对于一时把握不准的空格，可以暂时先放一放，把容易做的先做好。把所有能够确定的空格填完后，再通读全文，利用排除法等来确定把握不准的空格。答题过程中不要把注意力只集中在空白处，而忽略其与全句、全文的关系，适合单句的选择未必适合全文。所以，要注意单句与中心思想的关系，围绕中心思想确定答案。3.三读短文，上下参照，验证答案。细读一遍完成的短文，从上下文内容是否协调一致、语法结构是否正确无误等进行综合验证，凡有疑问必须重新推敲考虑。检查时，可以注意下面几点：若空格内填的是动词，要注意考虑其时态和语态；若填的是名词，要考虑其单复数形式；若填的是形容词或副词，则要考虑比较等级、形容词和副词之间的转换等；若填的是代词，要注意辨别主格、宾格、名词性物主代词、形容词性物主代词、反身代词等；有时需要填介词、连词等，除考虑上下文的内容外，还要考虑和其它词的固定搭配及其习惯用法。如需填词，在句首时，还要考虑其首字母的大写。短文填空题融合了阅读理解、完形填空等题型的要求，因此，要求考生从多方面着手，加强平时的积累，做这类题目才能游刃有余。短文填空真题解析2022湖北武汉先阅读短文，再在其后空白处写出各单词的正确形式。单词的第一个字母已给出。5\nMariaVasandherdogwalkeddownthehallofthenursinghomeandstoppedinfrontoftheoldladywithanurseatherside.“Wouldsheliketo1.s__________mydog?”Mariaasked.“No,avisitwon’t2.h__________her,”saidthenurse.Thenshe3.e__________thattheladywastoosicktoappreciatevisitors.ButMariadecidedtotryanyway.Shehaddoneresearchonanimalassistingtherapy(辅助疗法)for10years.Andshewasverysuccessfulinthis4.a__________.She’dseeneventhesickestpatientsenjoyavisitfromalovelydog.Mariacarriedthedogovertotheoldlady.Immediately,thewoman5.r__________outtowardthedog!Shewasso6.p__________thatshebegansmilingandtryingtotalk.Thenursestoodaside,7.w__________theminamazement.Thiswomanhadnevercommunicatedwithanyone.Itwaslikeshewasn’teven8.a__________–untilthedogcametovisit.Aroundtheworldsickadultsand9.c__________filllonelyhospitalrooms.Theymayhaveanillnessorneedtobe10.c__________for.Adog’sfriendlyeyesandwarmpaws(爪子)maybejustwhatthedoctororderedtoencouragethemandhelpthemheal(治愈).【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。在养老院，一位久不开口的老年病人，在看到一只狗狗后，逗狗狗玩，开始说话。通过这件事，主要讲述了动物疗法有助于病人康复的主题。本文是给出首字母的短文填空。1.see。问句里的填词，需要联系答句来确定答案。从答句No,avisit…可知，此处意思是“看看小狗”，故填see。2.help。从后面这句…theladywastoosicktoappreciatevisitors可知，此处表达的是“这位老人病情严重，很多疗法对她都不起效”，故此处填help。3.explained。联系上文可知，“护士向MariaVas解释为什么任何拜访对老人都没有用”，故此处填explained。4.area。上文讲到“MariaVas研究动物辅助疗法10年，在这个领域很成功”，常用field,area表示“领域”，根据所给首字母，故此处填area。5.reached。通过本句后面的感叹号，还有后一句的…shebegansmilingandtryingtotalk.可知，狗狗对这位老人是有帮助的。此处表达的是“老人把手伸向狗狗”，reachout固定搭配，意思是“把手伸向”，故填reach。6.pleased。联系下文可知，此处表达“开心、高兴”之意，happy可能是我们常想到的，但首字母是p,故此处填pleased。7.watching。此处表达“护士很惊讶地看着这一幕”，这句话中已经有谓语动词stood,可知此处要用非谓语动词，表示伴随的情况，故填watching。8.alive。联系上文可知，“这位老人从来没有开口跟任何人交流过”，直到看到狗狗，她的状况才有所改善。此处表达的意思是“(她的状况使得)她好像不是活着的”，故填alive。9.children。和adults对应的是children,故填children。10.cared。联系上文可知，此处表达“这些病人或者是患了某种病，或者是需要关爱”，应该是“被别人关爱”，用过去分词表示被动，即cared。短文填空模拟训练Passage1:阅读下面的短文，用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。Alieissayingsomethingthatyouknowisnottrue.Sometimespeopleliebecausetheyare5\nembarrassed(尴尬的)totellthe1.__________(true).Othertimes,peopleliebecausetheyaretryingtotrick(欺骗)someone.Almosteveryonehastoldalieintheirlife.Justbecauseyouhavelied,itdoesnotmeanyouareaterribleperson.Peoplehavemanydifferent2.__________(reason)forlying.Somepeoplelietomake3.__________(them)lookbetter.Sometimeswhensomestudentsgetabadgradeonatest,theymightlietotheir4.__________(parent)andtellthemthattheygotanA.Aboywhodoesnotwanttosharehiscandymightlieby5.__________(tell)hisfriendshehasnomorecandy.Buthaveyouthoughtofthe6.__________(result)oftellinglies?Liesdamage(毁坏)trust.Itisoneofthemost7.__________(special)thingsyoucanhavewithotherpeople.Whenyoutrustsomeone,youknowheorshewillnot8.__________(hurt)youorlietoyou.Butwhenapersonliestosomeonewhotrustshimorher,thetrustisdamaged.Ifyourbestfriendtoldyoualie,howwouldyoufeelabouthimorher?Youmight9.__________(stop)trustingyourfriend.Thenitmightbehardtobefriends.Theworstpartabouttellingalieisthatitcanmakeyoufeelbadaboutyourself.Lyingcanhurtyouontheinside.Tellingthetruthcanbehard.Butbeing10.__________(honest)isworth(值得)it,evenifyoumightgetpunished(惩罚)forit.You’llfeelproudthatyouwerebraveenoughtotellthetruth.Passage2:阅读下面的短文，根据汉语提示写出所缺英语单词的正确形式。Nightafternight,shecametohelpmesleep,evenlongaftermychildhoodyears.Idon’trememberwhenitfirststarted1.__________(使烦恼)me–mymom’shandspushingmyhairthatway.Butitdidannoyme,forthey2.__________(感觉)rough(粗糙的)againstmyyoungskin.Finally,onenight,I3.__________(大喊)outather:“Don’tdothatanymore–yourhandsaretoorough!”Shedidn’tsayanything,butsheneverdiditagain.Yearslater,I4.__________(想念)mymother’shandsandhergoodnightkissonmyforehead(额头).I’mnotalittlegirlanymore.Mymomisinhermid-70s,andherroughhandsarestilldoingthingsfor5.__________(我的)familyandme.She’slikea6.__________(医生)tous,alwaysknowinghowtocalmayounggirl’sstomach.She7.__________(烹调)thebestfriedchickenintheworld.Nowmyownchildrenaregrownup.Thenakiss,eversogently,8.__________(触碰)mybrow(眉毛).ItwaslateonThanksgivingEve.AsIsleptinmybedroom,afamiliarhandranacrossmyfacetopushthehairfrommyhead.Takingmymom’shand,ItoldherhowsorryIwasforthatnightIshoutedather.Butmymomdidn’tknowwhatIwastalkingabout.Shehad9.__________(忘记)itlongago.Thatnight,Ifell10.__________(睡着的)withanewappreciation(感激)formygentlemotherandhercaringhands.Andtheguilt(内疚)thatIhadcarriedaroundforsolongwasnowheretobefound.Passage3:根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整（每空限填一词）。Anelderlycarpenter(木匠)wasreadytoretire.Hetoldhisbosshisplanstoleavethebusinessand1.l__________amorerelaxedlifewithhiswife.Hewouldmissthepay,butheneededtoretire.Thebosswas2.s__________toseehisgoodworkergo,andaskedifhecould3.b__________justonemorehouseasapersonalfavor.Thecarpentersaidyes,butitwaseasytoseethat5\nhis4.h__________wasnotinhiswork.Heused5.p__________skillsandcheapmaterials(材料).Itwasanunfortunatewaytoendhiscareer.“Thisisyourhouse,”hesaid.“Itismy6.g__________toyou.”Whenthecarpenter7.f__________hiswork,thebosscametoseethehouse.Afterhecheckeditout,hehandedakeytothecarpenter.Whatashame!Ifheknewhewasbuildinghisownhouse,theoldmanwouldhavedoneit8.d__________.Soitiswithallofus.Thinkofyourlifeasahouse.Eachdayyouhammeranail(钉个钉子),placeaboard,orsetupawall,youmusttryyour9.b__________tobuildthehousewiselybecauseitisthe10.o__________lifeyouwilleverhave.Yourlifetomorrowwillresultfromtheattitudeyouchoosetoday.Passage4:用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文意思通顺、连贯（每个词限用一次）。begin,cross,wait,busy,peaceful,stop,quiet,sudden,yellow,watchOnanafternooninautumn,manypeopledrovehomeearlytoavoidthebusytraffic.However,atthebusiestcrossinginthecity,they1.__________,eventhoughthelightwasgreen.Theblindcouplewas2.__________theroad.Thebamboopoles(竹竿)weretapping(轻敲)attheroad.Theydidn’tknowitwasthe3.__________crossinginthecity.Andtheydidn’tknowthattheirlightwasred.Attheendofanold4.__________bamboopolewasablindman,andattheendofanotherpolewasablindwoman.Theylookedpoor.Forasecond,whiletheblindcouplewaswalkingontheroad,thewholebusystreetwas5.__________.Acar6.__________stoppedshort.Itwasonlyabouthalfameterawayfromthecouple.Then,anothercarstopped.Oneafteranother,cars7.__________tostop,butnoonehonkedtheirhorn(按喇叭)atthecouple.Thecouplewaswalking8.__________.Theydidn’tknowtheworldwasquietly9._________themcrossingthebusiestcrossinginthecity.Theydidn’tknowtheworldwas10.__________forthem.Andtheydidn’tknowtheyhadalotofpeopletothank.Onthatafternoon,thewholeworldclearedthewayfortwopeopleinneed.Passage5:根据下面短文内容，在短文的空格处填上一个恰当的词，使短文意思完整、通顺。Thereoncewasamanwhoplayedthepianoinabar.Hewasagoodpiano1.__________.Peoplecameoutjusttohearhimplay.Butonenight,acustomertoldhimhedidn’twanttohearhimjustplayanymore.He2.__________himtosingasong.“Idon’tsing,”themansaid.Thecustomersaidtotheboss:“I’m3.__________ofjustlisteningtothepiano.Iwantthatguytosing!”“Heybuddy!”theboss4.__________acrosstheroom.“Ifyouwanttoget5.__________,singasong!Thecustomersareaskingyoutosing!”Sohedid.Hesangasong.Apianoplayerwhoneversangin6.__________didsofortheveryfirsttime.What’smore,NatKingColesangthesonginavery7.__________way.Thatwasthefirsttimethesong,MonaLisa,eversoundedlikethat.Hewasso8.__________!Hecouldhavelivedtherestofhislifeasano-namepianoplayerinano-namebar.Butbecausethatmanmadehimsing,hewentontobecomeoneofthebest-known9.__________inAmerica.You,too,have10.__________andabilities.Youmaynotfeelasifyourtalentisgreat,butitmaybebiggerthanyouthink!参考答案5\n短文填空模拟训练【Passage1】1.truth2.reasons3.themselves4.parents5.telling6.results7.special8.hurt9.stop10.honest【Passage2】1.annoying/toannoy2.felt3.shouted4.missed5.my6.doctor7.cooks8.touched9.forgotten10.asleep【Passage3】1.live/lead2.sorry3.build4.heart5.poor6.gift7.finished8.differently9.best10.only【Passage4】1.stopped2.crossing3.busiest4.yellow5.quiet6.suddenly7.began8.peacefully9.watching10.waiting【Passage5】1.player2.wanted/asked3.tired/bored4.shouted5.paid6.public7.special/different8.talented9.singers10.skills/talents5
