山东省淄博市周村区萌水中学中考英语常见习惯用语精讲例析

常见习惯用语精讲例析（一）知识概要由于英语国家的语言习惯与中国的语言习惯有许多不同之处，所以造成了许多同学在做选择或书写，或与人交谈中造成误用中国方式来对英语的问句作解答。例如一个小女孩十分好看，可爱，外国人见到时会讲：Youaresobeautiful这时的答语应该是Thankyou如果外国人发现你的英语不错，他们会讲：YourEnglishisverygood这时中国人常常会说：不，我说的不好。这纯是一种礼貌的答语，但是不符合英语习惯。它正确的答语应是Thankyou虽然交际英语有一些规律可讲，但更重要的是学习外国的生活习惯，了解他们的文化背景，历史渊源，这样才能真正的学好一门外语。（二）正误辨析［误］-WhatcanIdoforyou?-Yes，pleasehelpme［正］-WhatcanIdoforyou?-I'dliketobuyasweater［析］WhatcanIdoforyou?这一问语实际上用于的情景很多，要根据具体情况而定。如在商店中售货员讲这句话应译为：您想要点什么?在其他场合也可以被译为：我能为您做些什么?它的答语应是直接讲出想让对方提供的帮助。［误］-Whichcolourdoyoulike?-Sorry，Idon'tlike［正］-Whichcolourdoyoulike?-Ipreferblue［析］由which来提问的问句是要回答具体的选择，而不能泛指，泛泛的回答。如Yes，Ilikeit［误］Doyouliketocomewithustonight?［正］Wouldyouliketocomewithustonight?［析］Doyoulike…问的是对方的习惯，如：Doyoulikeswimming?Doyoulikecollectingstamps?而wouldyoulike…则是一次性的邀请、提议。邀请的英语表达法还有如下几种：Shallwego?我们走吧!Let'sgo?让我们走吧!Howabouthavingacupoftea?喝杯茶如何?Whataboutacupofcoffee喝杯咖啡如何?Whynotbuyit?为什么不买呢?其肯定答语一般为Certainly，Yes，O．Ｋ．Allright，Withpleasure［误］Sorry，I'vekeptyouwaitingNotatall［正］Sorry，I'vekeptyouwaitingNevermind［析］"介意不介意"这一问法与答语在中英文中有所不同。如：-Doyoumindmysmokinghere?-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿Ａ．Yes，doitpleaseＢ．No，ofcoursenotＣ．Yes，takeitplease12\nＤ．No，youcan'ttakeit这时正确的选择应是B。其意为：不介意，当然不。而A选项则自相矛盾了，它应译为：是的我介意，请抽吧。而D选项是：不介意，你不能抽。当向对方争求意见时，可以有以下问法：DoyoumindifIopenthedoor?Wouldyoumindmailingtheletterforme其答语如果是同意应为：Certainlynot，notatall而不同意时应为Yes，或I'msorry［误］What'sthatman?HeisMike［正］What'sthatman?Heisateacher［正］Who'sthatman?HeisMike(HeisMike'sfather)［析］由what提问是问的职业，由who提问问的是姓名或身份。［误］-Howmucharethey?-Halfakilo，please［正］-Howmanybananasdoyouwant?-HalfakiloPlease［析］Howmucharethey?问的是价格而不是实际物品的多少。［误］I'msorry，butisthisthewaytothepark?［正］Excuseme，butisthisthewaytothepark?［析］I'msorry是对已经做错了的事向对方道歉时的开始语。而Excuseme是在打扰对方之前表达歉意的话。［误］-Haveagoodtimetonight!-Youarethesame［正］-Haveagoodtimetonight!-Thesametoyou［析］Thesametoyou是表达我也祝您有个愉快的夜晚，它是美语中的习惯用法。［误］-What'stheproblem?-I'vegotaheadache［正］What'swrongwithyou?I'vegotaheadache［析］What'swrongwithyou?是询问对方身体状态如何，而What'stheproblem?是问对方遇到了什么麻烦。［误］-Now，I'mbackCanIplay?-PerhapsYou'dbetterdoyourhomeworkfirst［正］-Now，I'mbackCanIplay?-I'mafraidnotYou'dbetterdoyourhomeworkfirst［析］Perhaps是表示对一种拿不准的事态的推论，如：AmIright?Perhaps而I'mafraidnot则表达一种不同意的态度。beafraid的几种用法有：I'mafraidthatyouareright其后直接加宾语从句。-Willyoucometomybirthdayparty?12\n-I'mafraidnotIhavetogotoseemyfatherHeisinhospital其后＋not，表示否定。-Sorry，Idon'twanttogotherealone，I'mafraidofthedog其后＋名词，表示对某人，某物的害怕。Maryisafraidofmakingmistakesintheexam其后＋of＋动名词，表示害怕做某事。Maryisafraidtoseetheteacherbecauseshedidn'tdowellintheexam其后＋不定式，表示不敢去做某事。［误］-Howsoonwillyoubeready?-Twodays［正］-Howsoonwillyoubeready?-Intwodays［析］此题关键是要根据情景，身临其境，要注意的是对方问了什么，就应答什么。或答了什么就应问什么。Howsoon问的是"还有多久才能作完"，这时要用intwodays，即在两小时之内即可以作完。如用Howlong提问，则答语可以用twodays。［误］-WouldyoumindifIhavesometimeoff?-Idon'tmind-MondayandTuesdayofnextweek［正］-WouldyoumindifIhavesometimeoff?-Whenexactly-MondayandTuesdayofnextweek［析］有的对话是复杂的，稍有不慎就有可能选错，而且英语中如选错了答案是不容易找出错来的。Idon'tmind是可以用来回答Wouldyoumind…这一提问的，但如仔细看一看则会发现我们要选用的不是陈述句而是疑问句。根据下面一句的答语来判定要用whenexactly?什么时间，这样才能与下句中具体的时间相符合。［误］SupposeyournameisTomThephoneringsandyoupickitupThefirstwordyousaywillprobablybe"Whoareyou?"［正］SupposeyournameisTomThephoneringsandyoupickitupThefirstwordyousaywillprobablybe"Hello?ThisisTomspeaking?"［析］在英语学习中，习惯用法实际上在某种情况，或某种意义上讲比语法更为重要。如果只从句子的角度上去分析，它们可能都是对的。比如，当你拿起电话时，如果你想知道对方是谁，可以问"Who'sthat(speaking)?"但不要讲"Whoareyou?"如果你想先介绍一下自己可以讲"Thisis××××speaking"而不要讲"I'm××××"也不要讲"Mynameis×××××．"就语法而论，"Whoareyou?""I'm××××""Mynameis×××××"并不错，也是英语中可用的句子，但就打电话这一场合，就不宜用了。［误］-Doyouthinkit'sgoingtorainovertheweekend?-Idon'thopeso［正］-Doyouthinkit'sgoingtorainovertheweekend?-Ihopenot［析］由于初学者对实际英语口语中表达感情意愿的答语不熟悉，如在肯定答语中IthinksoIhopesoIbelieveso是相同的，但在否定句中却常用Idon'tthinkso但Idon'tbelieveso和Idon'thopeso则意为：我不信此事和我不希望此事发生。而Ibelievenot和Ihopenot则为：我想可能不会发生吧!［误］-Isanybodythere?12\n-No，BobandTomhaveaskedforleave［正］-Iseverybodythere?-No，BobandTomhaveaskedforleave［析］许多学生在写作和选择答语或问句时总要语法在前，而不是习惯用语在先。所以总是要拘泥疑问句中的不定代词，用anybody。但是Isanybodythere?在英语中为：这里有人吗?而Iseverybodythere?为：全都到齐了吗?所以首先要考虑的是其答语。No，BobandTomhaveaskedforleave［误］-Yourhandwritingisverygood!-No，myhandwritingisverypoor［正］-Yourhandwritingisverygood!-Thankyou［析］中国人遇到别人称赞，总是以谦逊为美德。但英美人则往往认为自信是美德。所以当别人夸奖你或赞美你时，就应说：Thankyou又比如中国人见面时常讲Whereareyougoing?或Haveyouhadyourbreakfastyet?而英美人则认为你过多的干预别人的私生活了。而他们见面时往往问一些无关紧要的话，如：Hello!Howareyougoing?(你过得怎样)Morning!等。而goodmorning和Howdoyoudo则被认为是较正规的问候语，在日常生活中则十分少见。［误］WhenyouhavehaddinnerwithanAmericanfriendandwanttoleaveyoumaysay："ExcusemeI'llgofirst"［正］WhenyouhavehaddinnerwithanAmericanfriendandwanttoleaveyoumaysay："ExcusemeIhavetogo"［析］这两句答语都是正确的，其关键不是语法，而是习惯问题。如果在这样的场合你讲I'llgofirst朋友们会迷惑不解，而Ihavetogo则表示由于外界的特殊原因而造成的你要离去，而你本人则十分不愿做此事。［误］-Wouldyouliketocometodinnertonight?-I'dliketo，andI'mtoobusy［正］-Wouldyouliketocometodinnertonight?-I'dliketo，butI'mtoobusy［析］I'mtoobusy与I'dliketo在意义上正好相反。所以要用转折连词。这里考查了对词义合乎逻辑的表达能力。所以要强调语言环境，更要强调在语言的基础上的词语辨析。［误］-Where'sDeter?-Deterwillcomewithustonightbutheisn'tverysureyet［正］-Where'sDeter?-Determaycomewithustonightbutheisn'tverysureyet［析］由于but所引出的句子可以看出Deter的来与不来是十分不确定的，所以应用may来表达一个不肯定的事件。［误］-Hi，haven'tseenyouforages!Youlookfine!-GreatYoulookwelltoo［正］-Hi，haven'tseenyouforages!Youlookfine!-ThanksYoulookwelltoo［析］要注意的是Great在口语中多表示惊叹，而Thanks则表示感谢对方的称赞。所以对情景谈话要有准确的判定，要根据情景，身临其境，上下对照，周密思考，弄清场合，注意英美人的风俗习惯，注重语义上的词语辨析，并要进行大量的语言实践练习，扩大实际交际能力。12\n（三）例题解析1-Wouldyouliketohavesomerice?-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．AYes，IlikeBYes，pleaseCofcourseDYes，Ihave［答案］B.［析］当对方对你发出邀请的问语时，如果你想接受则讲Yes，please如不想接受则用No，thanks2-Nicetoseeyou-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．AGoodmorningBHappytomeetyou，tooCNicetoseeyou，tooDPleasedtomeetyou，too［答案］C.［析］虽然A、B、D三个选项都可以作为某种问候语的答语，但英语中问候语的答语多用重复对方的话，以表达同样的心情。3-Wouldyoupleasegivemesomewater?-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．AYes，IwouldBCertainlyCNo，thanksDYes，please［答案］B.［析］当对方发出十分礼貌的请求帮助的问语时，一般的回答是肯定的。而Yes，please为"是的，您请做某事吧"。这一含意显然不对。4-Thankyouverymuchforhelpingme-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．AYou'rewelcomeBItdoesn'tmatterCNoneedDDon'tsaythat［答案］A.［析］You'rewelcome译为中文为：不用谢。而Itdoesn'tmatter则为：没关系。5-Hello，LucyHowareyou?-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿Andyou?AFine，thanksBYes，IamCGladtomeetyouDGoodafternoon［答案］A.［析］在正常交往中一定要避免所问非所答。所以对Howareyou?的答语应为"很好，谢谢!"6-Helpyourselftosomemeat-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿AItsoundsnice．BYes，please．CYes，Let'shelpeachother．DThankyou．［答案］D.12\n［析］Helpyourselftosomemeat．你自己拿些肉吃吧。其意为主人劝客人不要客气，像在家里一样。7-Oh，IamnotfeelingwellI'vegotacold-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿AFine，Howareyou?BNevermindTakecareCWell，I'msuretogetweelsoon．DI'msorrytohearthat［答案］D.［析］这是美国、英国的习惯用语，而B、C则是中国人常讲的答语。8-MeimeiyouspeakEnglishverywell-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．ANo，Idon'tthinksoBThankyouverymuchCNotgoodenoughDThat'sallright［答案］B.9-"Kate，couldyouanswerthetelephone，please?"-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿,MumI'llgetit．AYes，IcouldBNo，thanksCOKDYes，butIhavenotime［答案］C.［析］要注意could用于口语中是为了讲话的口气委婉，但它不是过去时态，也不是助动词，而应看作情态动词。所以在答语中则不应这样用。10-CouldyoulookafterPollyformewhilewe'reaway?-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ANo，thanks．BWithpleasure．CI'mnotafraid．DI'msureyouwill．［答案］B.［析］Withpleasure是英语中的一句十分客气的答语，用在当对方因你的帮助或你的许诺向你道谢时，表达自己十分乐意为对方效力的口气。11-Hello!CouldIspeaktotheheadmaster，please?-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿AHoldon，please．BThat'stheheadmaster，please．CWhoareyou?please．DSorryI'mnottheheadmaster．［答案］A.［析］holdon，please是指请对方等一等不要将电话放下的用语。如果要讲我就是的话不能用that，而要用this，在电话用语中that指对方，this指自己。12-Happybirthday!-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿AThankyou．BThesametoyou．CGoodluck．DCongratulations．12\n［答案］A.［析］thesametoyou是同样祝贺对方的意思，不能用于生日这一祝贺语，除非两人的生日在同一天。13-I'msorryIdon'tknowtheway，eitherYou'dbetteraskthatpolicemanforhelp-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿AGoodnight．BThat'snothing．CVerywell．DThankyouallthesame．［答案］D.［析］当向对方求助时，对方无能为力，这时的感谢语则为Thankyouallthesame意为不管如何还是要谢谢你。14-Ifellandhurtmyleglastweek，SoIcan'tdoanything-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．AI'msorryBDon'tworryCGoodluckDBadluck［答案］D.［析］如果用A则要用I'msorrytohearthat而不能单用I'msorry因I'msorry是向对方道歉。而badluck为真是不幸啊。15-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿-IhavegotacoughAWhat'syourtrouble?BWhathaveyougot?CWhydidyoucomehere?DHaveyougotacough?［答案］A.［析］What'syourtrouble?多用于问对方有什么问题、麻烦或得了什么病。这种用语还有What'swrongwithyou?16-Wouldyouliketogoshoppingwithme?-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿AYes，I'dloveto．BThat'sright．CYes，please．DQuitewell．［答案］A.［析］表示愿意作某事应讲：I'dlovetoI'dliketo17-What'stheweatherliketoday!-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿AIt'sniceforawalk．BIlikeautumnbestofall．CItwillbefinetomorrow．DIt'srathercoldtoday．［答案］D.［析］本题要注意问的是什么，不要所问非所答。因问题是今天的天气怎样，所以只能选D18-IsJanein，please?Iwanttospeaktoher-Sorry，sheisoutYou'dbetter＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．12\nAvisitherintheofficeBcallherlaterCseeherthisafternoonDspeaktoheryourself［答案］B.［析］callherlater晚些时候再来电话。19-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿-Verywell，thankyou，andyou?AHowdoyoudo?BGoodmorningCHowareyouthesedays?DHowdoyoulikeEnglish?［答案］C.［析］本题是由答语来推断问话，所以应熟悉英语的问答习惯：Howdoyoudo?的答语应为Howdoyoudo?20-Howisyourmother?-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ASheisold．BSheisnobetterthanshewas．CSheiskindhearted．DSheisinherforties．［答案］B.［析］Howisyourmother?问的是你妈身体如何，而B选项则是"她不比以前强"。而其他三个选项则是所问非所答。21-Thankyouverymuchforyourhelp-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．AYou'rewelcomeBPleasedon'tCThere'snotroubleDNo，no［答案］A.22YourunclehastakenyoutothecinemaAfterwardsyouthankhimHesays"＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．"AItwasnothingBI'mgladyouenjoyeditCDon'tsayitDNo，needn't［答案］B.［析］这是英语的答语，千万不要选A，因它是中文习惯的答语。23-Thankyouforyourgoodpresent-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．AIt'snotgoodBNo，noCMypleasureDNevermind［答案］C.24Whensomeonedidagooddeedforyou，youshouldsay＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．A.youaretoogoodB.It'sverykindofyouC.youareverykindD.I'llthankyou［答案］B.25-IamverysorryIamlatefordinner12\n-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．A.No，youaren'tB.That'sallrightC.Yes，youareD.No，youdon't［答案］B.［析］That'sallright没关系。26-I'msorryifIhurtyou-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．AI'msorryBIt'snottrueCItdoesn'tmatterDDon'tsaysorry［答案］C.27-Ishouldhavegonetoseetheexhibitionwithyou-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．AI'msorryBWhatapityCItdoesn'tmattertomeDThat'sterrible［答案］B.［析］Whatapity.真遗憾。第一句应为我真该和你一起去展览会。28-Helpyourselftosomefish-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．AYouareverykindBYes，I'mhelpingmyselfCThankyouDYes，don'tworryaboutme［答案］C.29-Areyouready?-______．AI'mverysorryBTrytobepatientCNotyet，waitaminuteDDoyouhavethetime，please?［答案］C.［析］notyet意为还没有完成。30-Mum，Ihavepassedtheexam-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．AThat'sallrightBCongratulationsCYouareluckDGoodlucktoyou［答案］B.31-IthinkIhavetoleaveIhopewecangettogetheragain-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．AAllrightBThat'sallrightCOKDIhopeso，too［答案］D.32MustIwaittillhecomesback?．ANo，youneedn'tBNo，youmustn'tCNo，youmaynotDNo，youcan't［答案］A.［析］must提问表示必须这样做吗?而肯定句要用must，表示必须做，而否定句则要用needn't表示没有必要做。33-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿Ipayyouthehouserentrightaway?-Yes，youhavetodoit12\nAShallBWayCMustDHave［答案］C.34-Don'tyouthinkthiscolouristoobright?-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿AYes，Iagree．BYes，butIdon'tthinkso．CYes，ofcoursenot．DYes，what'swrong?［答案］A.35-Itwascoldyesterday-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．ASowasitBSoitwasCIbelievenotsoDIbelievenot［答案］B.［析］当答语只是重复对方讲的话时，则不用倒装。因soitwas即为：是的，天气昨天很冷。而当讲前面讲的动作也适合于另一个人时，则要倒装。如：IwenttothecinemayesterdaySodidI表示对方去了电影院，我也去了。36-Whatdoyouthinkofthesong?-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．AIlikemusicverymuchBIlikeittooCWithpleasureDItsoundssweet［答案］D.［析］sound在这里是系动词，为听起来很甜美。系动词后要用形容词，而不要用被动语态。37Doyouliketeaorcoffee?＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．AYes，IdoBThankyouCThat'sfineDEitherwilldo［答案］D.［析］eitherwilldo为两者哪个都可以。38Ilikeyoursweaterverymuch＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．ANo，it'suglyBSorryCThankyouDYou'rewelcome［答案］C.［析］这是英美语言的习惯。39Helikestravellingbytrain＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．ASodoIBIdosCIlikesoDIlikeit，neither［答案］A.40-Howdoyoulikeyourschool?-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．AIlikeitverymuchBIt'sverybeautifulCIdoesn'tlikeitDVerywell［答案］B.［析］Howdoyoulike…是问你们学校是怎样值得你热爱的。也就是为什么你热爱你的学校。41Whataniceday!＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿12\nAYou'reright．BNo，isn'tit?CYes，isn'tit?DReally?［答案］C.［析］Yes，isn'tit是的，难道不是个好天气吗?42-Hello，＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿?-ThisisDellaspeakingAWhoareyouBAreyouTomCWhoisthatDPleasetellmewhoareyou［答案］C.［析］电话用语中that指对方，而this指自己。43-What'shelike?-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．AHelikesEnglishBHeisoldCHeislikeafarmerDHeistallandthis［答案］D.［析］要区分What'shelike?如Whatdoeshelike?前者为：他长得什么样?而后者是：他喜欢什么。44Howdidyoudoyourjob?Notverywell，＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．AI'msureBIamafraidCThankyouDI'msorry［答案］B.［析］Iamafraid我恐怕是，我想是。45-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿youraunt?-SheisaprincipalofamiddleschoolAWhatdoesBWheredoesCWhatisDWhomis［答案］C.46-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿-HeismybossAWhat'stheman?BWhoistheman?CHowistheman?DWhatdoesthemando?［答案］B.47-MayIhaveyourname?-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．ANo，noBYou'repoliteCCallmeJohnDIt'skindofyou［答案］C.48-ShallImakecoffeeforyou?-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．AYes，thankyouBNo，don'ttroubleCDon'ttroublethis，thankyouDNo，don'tmakeit12\n［答案］A.49-CouldyoushowmethewaytoMrBuown'soffice?-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．ANotatallBI'msureCAllrightDIcandoit［答案］C.50-Shallwegoswimmingtomorrowafternoon?-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．AIt'sverykindofyouBYouaresothoughtfulCThat'sagoodideaDYes，we'llgo［答案］C.12