常见易错题分类Aa［误］IthinkitisanusefulEnglishdictionary.［正］IthinkitisausefulEnglishdictionary.［析］在不定冠词a与an的用法中要注意的一点是：an用在以元音开头的词之前；而a则用在以辅音开头的词之前。要特别注意的是以u字母打头的单词，如useful,university等，其第一个音标是［j］，所以要特别予以注意。［误］Ineedahourtofinishthisletter.［正］Ineedanhourtofinishthisletter.［析］要注意hour和honest的第一个字母不发音。［误］Myteacherisaunknownman,butheisaverygoodman.［正］Myteacherisanunknownman,butheisaverygoodman.［析］要注意以u打头的单词，它的发音为［］时，单数名词前要用an，如uncle等。［误］Thereisa"f"intheword"football".［正］Thereisan"f"intheword"football".［析］英文字母单独使用时，如其第一个发音是元音时，其前面的不定冠词应该用an而不是a.［误］Ihavealittlebrother.Heisa8yearoldboy.［正］Ihavealittlebrother.Heisan8yearoldboy.［析］要注意这些字母的第一个发音为元音，如eight,eleven等。able［误］Thisbikeisabletoberepaired.［正］Thisbikecanberepaired.［析］beableto主要表达某事或某人具有某种能力去作某事，应译为"有本领"、"有能力"、"可以"作某事，如：I'mabletoswimacrossthisriver.而can可以用来表示具有接受能力或吸收能力。如：Thisradiocanberepairedhere.about［误］Thisclassisabouttobeginjustnow.［正］Thisclassisabouttobegin.［析］要注意beaboutto是"将要"的意思，含有将来时之意，不要与表示过去时的时间状语连用。另外，beaboutto一般用作书面语，对应的口语是begoingto.aboutonabout与on都可以作"关于"讲，但却有所不同，例如：Thisbookisaboutphysics.应译为"这是一本关于物理学的科普读物。"而：Thisbookisonphysics.则应译为"这是一本物理学方面的专著。"above［误］Thetemperatureisfivedegreesoverzero.［正］Thetemperatureisfivedegreesabovezero.［析］表达"在……上方"时，above与over是可以互换的，如：Theskyisabove(orover)ourheads.但是要表达在垂直方向上的上方时则应用above不可用over，如：Thesunhasrisenabove62\nthehorizon.［误］ThereisoftenthickcloudabovetheSouthofChinainsummer.［正］ThereisoftenthickcloudovertheSouthofChinainsummer.［析］当表达覆盖之意时，只可用over而不能用above.［误］Thereisabridgeabovetheriver.［正］Thereisabridgeovertheriver.［析］用来表达"从……上方越过"时不能用above只能用over，如：Theplaneflewoverthecity.但要注意Thereiswaterfallabovethebridge.则应译为"在桥的上游有一个瀑布。"across［误］Heranacrossthewood.［正］Heranthroughthewood.［析］across是指某一动作在一平面内进行，而through则是指该动作在一三维立体空间的运动过程。如：Themancameinthroughthewindow.Hewalkedacrossthesquare.acrossacross的主要用法有两个。其一，意为"对面"，如：Thereisaschooljustacrossthestreet.其二，意为"横过"，如：Hewalkedacrossthestreet.afraid［误］Idont'tafraidofhim.［正］Iamnotafraidofhim.［析］要注意"害怕"afraid一词在英语中不是动词，而是形容词，要与be动词连用。after［误］Twoweeksafterheleft.［正］Twoweekslaterheleft.［正］Heleftaftertwoweeks.［析］要表达"在多少时间之后"，英语中有两种表达法，即：用later时，要时间在前，如threehourslater;而用after时要时间在后，如afterthreehours.［误］Myfatherwillbebackafterafewhours.［正］Myfatherwillbebackinafewhours.［析］受中文的影响，这个介词常常被误用。当你要表达在一段时间内某个动作可以完成时，一定要用in，而不能用after，因为after是指在某一时间之后。例如：Thisworkwillbedoneintwodays.即表明在两天内这一工作一定会做完。而如用了after，即表示在两天之后，完成的时间是不确定的。afterbehindafter多用于表示顺序的前后，如：ShewalkedinthelineafterTom.或用来表示"追赶"，表示一种动态，如：HeranafterMary.而behind多用于强调先进与落后，如：Sheismuchbehindtheothergirlsinsewing.或者用于表达"迟于"，如：Thetrainwastenminutesbehindthetimetable.或者与表示静态的动词连用，如：Shehidherselfbehindtheflowers.afternoon［误］Heworkedveryhardinahotafternoon.［正］Heworkedveryhardonahotafternoon.［析］习惯用的词组intheafternoon,如果加入任何修饰词后其前面的介词in都要改为on，不论其修饰词在前还是在后，如：HeswaminthisriverontheafternoonofJunelst.又如：AreyoufreeonSundayafternoon?against62\n［误］Heagainstme.［正］Heisagainstme.［析］要注意against意为"反对"，但它在英文中却不是动词，而是介词，如要讲反对某事或某人时则要加动词be,如：Heisagainstsomebody/something.againstforagainst意为"反对"、"不赞成"；而for则意为"同意"，为其反意词。如：Areyoufororagainsttheplan?age［误］Heistwentyyearsoldofage.［正］Heistwenty.［正］Heistwentyyearsold.［正］Heisattheageoftwenty.ago［误］Tom'sfatherhasbeendeadfiveyearsago.［正］Tom'sfatherdiedfiveyearsago.［析］ago意为由说话时算起，若干时间以前。它只能和一般动词过去时连用，而不要与完成时连用。［误］YesterdayImetafriend.Wedidn'tseeeachotherforalongtimesinceweleftthecollegetwentyyearsago.［正］YesterdayImetafriend.Wehadn'tseeneachotherforalongtimesinceweleftthecollegetwentyyearsago.［析］要注意的是在本句是ago是用在由since引起的从句之中，只是从句应用过去时，但不影响主句的时态。agree［误］Doestheteacheragreetous?［正］Doestheteacheragreewithus?［误］Doesheagreewithourplan?［正］Doesheagreewithus?［析］agreewith指"同意某人的提议、建议、计划"等。如果要讲同意某项计划则要用agreeto,如：Doyouagreetotheplan?all［误］Theoldmanhastwosons.Allofthemareworkers.［正］Theoldmanhastwosons.Bothofthemareworkers.［析］all是指三者或以上的全部，而both则是指"两者都"。［误］Theallchildrenareplayingfootballnow.［正］Allthechildrenareplayingfootballnow.［析］all作修饰词时其位置要在所有的修饰词之前，不论这些修饰词是定冠词、指示代词、形容词或名词，或代词的所有格。［误］Youallareright.［正］Youareallright.［析］all作同位语时其位置要置于be动词之后，实意动词之前，如：Theteachersallworkhard.或用于第一助动词之后，如：Theboyshaveallbeenwaitingfortheirmothers.almost［误］Nearlynobodythinksheisright.62\n［正］Almostnobodythinksheisright.［析］nearly与almost是近意词，其含意差别不大，但是与否定词连用时要用almost,例如：Shebroughtalmostnomoneywithher.此句中的almost不能用nearly替换。alone［误］Theoldmanlivedlonebuthedidn'tfeellonely.［正］Theoldmanlivedalone,buthedidn'tfeellonely.［析］alone,lone,lonely三个词全具有"孤单、孤独"之意。但其用法不同：lone可以作定语，而alone则只能作表语，lonely则多指感情上与感觉上的孤独。already［误］Wearealreadyforthework.［正］Weareallreadyforthework.［析］already是副词，其意为"已经"，如：Healreadyknewaboutit.而allready为形容词意为"准备好"。alreadyyetalready多用于肯定句中，例如：Thestudentshavealreadyfinishedthework.而yet则多用于疑问句与否定句中，如：Haveyoufinishedityet?Ihaven'tfinishedityet.also［误］Ididn'tfindthedictionaryalso.［正］Ididn'tfindthedictionaryeither.［析］作为"也"讲，在否定句中要用either而不能用also.alsotooalso与too都可用在肯定句中表示"也"，但also通常用于be动词或情态动词之后，如：Icanalsodoitmyself.而too一般放于句尾。I'llattendhisclass,too.always［误］Alwaysheaskedhimselfwhyhehadcomehere.［正］Healwaysaskedhimselfwhyhehadcomehere.［析］always一般不能用于句首，它在一般句中的位置是于动词之前第一助动词之后，如：I'vealwaysthoughtheishonest.又如：Heisalwayslate.among［误］Ifthethreeapplesaredividedamongthetwoboyshowmuchwilleachreceive?［正］Ifthethreeapplesaredividedamongthethreeboyshowmuchwilleachreceive?［析］among常用于三个事物或人物之间，而between则多用于两者之间。an［误］Thisisanusefuldictionary.［正］Thisisausefuldictionary.［析］详见a条。and［误］Hedidnotspeakloudlyandclearly.［正］Hedidnotspeakloudlynorclearly.［误］OurschoolisnotinNewYorkandChicago,butinBoston.［正］OurschoolisnotinNewYorkorChicago,butinBoston.［析］"和"这一概念在肯定句中应用and，但在否定句中则要用orangry［误］Mymotherwasangrytome.62\n［正］Mymotherwasangrywithme.［误］HewasangrywithwhatIsaid.［正］HewasangryatwhatIsaid.［析］要注意beangry后面如果接人，表示"对某人生气不满"时应用beangrywithsomebody.但要接事物时要用beangryatsomething.another［误］Ihavetwosisters,oneinAmericaandanotherinEnglish.［正］Ihavetwosisters,oneinAmericaandtheotherinEnglish.［析］要注意英语中another,other,theother,theothers,others的不同用法，现分别说明如下：another作形容词其意为：泛指的另一个或再一个，别的，类似的。一般在句中作定语，如:Thisisnotgoodenough,pleaseshowmeanotherone.another还可以作为代词用，如：Onestudentsaid："Iwanttoplaybaskball."anothersaid："Iwanttoplayfootball."other作形容词其意为"泛指其余的，别的"。如：Ihaveotherbooksbesidesthese.又如：Asksomeotherpeopleplease.theother则为特指，作形容词时其后面可接单数或复数名词，如：Shehastwoflowers.Oneiswhite,theotheroneisyellow.(特指，单数)又如：Therearefiftystudentsinourclass,twentyfiveareboys,theotherstudentsaregirls.(特指，复数)但当theother作为代词时，它代表的可以是单数，也可以是复数，如：Hehasabookinonehand,andapenintheother.(单数)又如：Therearesomepeopleintheroom.Fouraregirls,theother(复数)areboys.要注意的是当theother作主语时，其后面的谓语动词要视具体情况而定，它可能是单数，也可能是复数。others则只能作代词，其意为otherones即为：泛指某些，某一部分人或物，如：Eachofusmustthinkofothers.而theothers只能作为代词，它是特指某一些人或物，如：Iknowonlyoneortwoofthestudents;theothersareunknowntome.answer［误］Someoneisknockingatthedoor.Pleasereplythedoorbell.［正］Someoneisknockingatthedoor,Pleaseanswerthedoorbell.［析］answer与reply是近意词，作为及物动词用时有时二者是可以互换的，如：Thestudentanswered/repliedthathewantedtowatchTV.但在某些特定场合则不易互换。作为应答之意时则多用answer，如：Youshouldanswertoyourname.Pleaseanswermyletterassoonaspossible.AnswermyquestioninEnglish.any［误］Doyouhavesomequestions?［正］Doyouhaveanyquestions?［析］some一般要用于肯定句，而any则用于否定句或疑问句。［误］ChinaislargerthananyothercountriesinAsia.［正］ChinaislargerthananyothercountryinAsia.［析］要注意anyother其后要跟单数名词，但anyoftheother其后要接复数名词。ChinaislargerthananyoftheothercountriesinAsia.［误］Herearesomebooks;youcanchooseanyoneofthese.［正］Herearesomebooks;youcanchooseanyoneofthese.［析］anyone只能指人，而anyone即可指人也可以指物。around［误］Thenineplanetsgoaroundofthesun.［正］Thenineplanetsgoaroundthesun.［析］around后面不要再加介词，如：Thesunshinesallaroundus.62\naroundround作介词用的around与round通常可以互换，只不过美语常用around，而英语常用round，例如：Youcanseethepostofficeround/aroundthatcorner.(绕过那个弯你就可以看到邮局。但是一定要区别它们的不同之处：round可以用作形容词、副词、介词、动词、名词；而around只能用作副词或介词。例如：Thepostofficeisjustround(around)thehouse(用作介词).Hehasroundface(用作形容词).Theriverroundedthestones.(用作动词)arrive［误］IarrivedBeijingthedaybeforeyesterday.［正］IarrivedinBeijingthedaybeforeyesterday.［正］IreachedBeijingthedaybeforeyesterday.［误］Hearrivedintheschoolat11∶00.［正］Hearrivedattheschoolat11∶00.［析］arrive为不及物动词，当到达的是较大的地理区域时用介词in，而到达较小的地方时则用at,如：arriveinNewYork,arriveatthevillage.arrivereachgetarrive如上所述是不及物动词，而reach则是及物动词。如：Howdidyoureachtheschoolthismorning?而get可用作不及物动词，作"到达"讲时其后面多与to连用。如：WhendidyougettoNewYork?as［误］Thismanworksinthebankforamanager.［正］Thismanworksinthebankasamanager.［析］as与for有时是可以通用的。如：Thisroomisusedas(for)aclassroom.但是用来指官衔、职位时只能用as.［误］MybrotherissotallerasTom.［正］MybrotherisastallasTom.［析］as…as之间只能用形容词与副词的原级，而不能用比较级。在否定句中可以用so…as，也可以用as…as，但在肯定句中只能用as…as，如：HeisnotsotallasTom.［误］I'llgivehimthenoteassoonashewillcome.［正］I'llgivehimthenoteassoonashecomes.［析］assoonas所引导的状语从句中应使用一般时态表示将来。ask［误］Thestudentaskedaquestiontotheteacher.［正］Thestudentaskedtheteacheraquestion.［析］ask应接双宾语，即asksomebodysomething.［误］Theyaskedsomebooks.［正］Theyaskedforsomebooks.［析］向某人要求某物时应用asksomebodyforsomething或askforsomethingfromsomebody,如：Heaskedhismotherforsomemoney.或Heaskedforsomemoneyfromhismother.asleep［误］Heisdeeplyasleep.［正］Heisfastasleep.［析］要讲"熟睡"，就要用fast来修饰asleep。另外，在英语中一般不讲somebodyissleeping而要用asleep。关于睡觉这一词的惯用法还有：gotosleep(如：Theoldmanusuallygoestosleepatten.)，fallasleep(如：IfellasleepatEnglishclassyesterday.)62\nat［误］Itwillreallydoyounoharmquite.［正］Itwillreallydoyounoharmatall.［析］atall和quite的汉语意思均为"全然"、"确定的"，但atall适用于否定句，例如：-I'msorry.I'mlate.-Notroubleatall.又如：Idon'tthinkitisrightatall.而quite则适用于肯定句，例如：Heisquiteagoodteacher.［误］Thechildrenplayfootballforlunch.［正］Thechildrenplayfootballatlunch.［析］英语中的atlunch为"在吃午饭时"。这种惯用法还有atwork(在工作)，attable(在吃饭)，atdesk(在学习)。而forlunch则是为午饭而准备的食物，又如：Wehadsomemilkforbreakfast.［误］Thereisapostofficeinthecornerofthestreet.［正］Thereisapostofficeatthecornerofthestreet.［析］atthecorner是指墙外面的角，而inthecorner是指建筑物内部的角落。例如：Thereisacomputerinthecorneroftheroom.Thereisastreetlampatthecornerofthestreet.atinon在表示时间时用来表示具体钟点用at，如：Hewillbebackatsix.表示一天的上、下午时要用in,如：Iusuallygetupatsixinthemorning.但要注意的是，inthemorning和intheafternoon这两个词组中如果加入了任何修饰词，其介词要换为on，如：onthecoldmorning,onthehotafternoon.又如：SeeyouonMondaymorning.如讲到具体的某一天，要用on,如：onSunday,如：IusuallywanttovisitmymotheronSundays.在谈到周、月、季、年时要用in，如：AllthechildrenwillbehappyinEasterweek.HewasborninJuly.但要注意在泛指圣诞节、复活节、感恩节时都用at,如：WhereareyougoingatEaster.Bback［误］I'msorry.Ihavetobackhome.［正］I'msorry.Ihavetogobackhome.［正］I'msorry.Ihavetogohome.［析］back用作"回到(某处)"之意，不是动词。be［误］Wheredoyoufrom?［正］Whereareyoufrom?［析］"你从何处来"应为Whereareyoufrom?或Wheredoyoucomefrom?但要注意这两句话均是问对方从哪个国家来的。要是口语中问"你是从什么地方来?"应讲Wheredidyoucomefrom?回答用Icamefromthelibrary.beat［误］Wehavewonyourclass.［正］Wehavebeatenyourclass.［正］Wehavewonthegame.［析］win是胜过之意，它是及物动词，但其后的宾语只能接比赛、战争、奖品、奖金的名称，如：Whichteamwonthefootballmatch?而beat指打败对手、敌人……如：Mybrotherbeatmeatpoker.(要注意的是，beat的过去式与原形相同，而过去分词为beaten)。62\n［误］Theballbeatmebadly.［正］Theballhitmebadly.［误］Heusedtohitthelittleboyblackandblue.［正］Heusedtobeatthelittleboyblackandblue.［析］beat指打击多次，而hit则为击中对方的一次性打击。beautiful［误］Heisabeautifulboy.［正］Heisahandsomeboy.［析］我们可以讲Sheisabeautifulgirl.Thisisabeautifulpark.但要讲男人的"英俊"时要用handsome.because［误］ThereasonwhyIwaslateisbecauseIwasill.［正］ThereasonwhyIwaslateisthatIwasill.［误］BecauseitwasSunday,sotheparkwascrowded.［正］BecauseitwasSundaytheparkwascrowded.［析］这种错误是因为中文的习惯与英语的表述法不同，中文常讲我来晚了的原因是因为我病了，而英文中的第二个因为要用that代替。又因中文常讲因为……所以……，而英文中用了因为就不能再用所以了，同样用了"所以"也就不要再用"因为"一词。例如：Becausewestudyhard,wepassedtheexameasily.或者：Westudyhardsowepassedtheexameasily.becausebecauseofbecause后要接从句，例如：Welikephysicsbecausewecanlearnalotofnewideas.而becauseof后要接名词作介词宾语，如：Heisnotatschoolbecauseoftheillness.before［误］Wehavetwohourstokillbeforewewillgohome.［正］Wehavetwohourstokillbeforewegohome.［析］killtime意为"消磨时光"。英语状语从句中要用一般现在时表示将来的动作。如：Ifitrainswewillnotgotothepark.［误］Ididthisworktwodaysbefore.［正］Ididthisworktwodaysago.［析］用ago组成的时间状语其主句中的谓语动词要用过去时，而before引起的时间状语其主句中的谓语动词多用完成时，如：Ihasdonethisworkafewdaysbefore.beforelonglongbeforebeforelong是"不久"之意，例如：IshallgotoAmericabeforelong.而longbefore则是"很久很久"之意，如：Weknewthisteacherlongbeforewesawhim.(我们在看到这位老师之前很久就知道他了。)begin［误］ThemeetingwillbeginfromMonday.［正］ThemeetingwillbeginonMonday.［误］Thefilmhasbegunfortenminutes.［正］Thefilmhasbeenonfortenminutes.［析］begin是瞬间动词，所以它的完成时态不能接表示一段时间的状语，如：Thefilmhasbegun.这句话是对的，即"电影已经开始"。但要讲已经开始10分钟了则要用hasbeenon即"上演了10分钟"。beginstart62\nbegin与start两词后面加不定式或动名词都可以，且意思并无区别，但在表达习惯时接动名词的用法较多，如：HowoldwernyouwhenyoufirststartedlearningEnglish?但这两个词的进行时态中则多用不定式，如：Iwasbeginningtogethungry.但如果句子的主语是物而不是人，则多用不定式，如：Theicebegantomelt.Itstartedtogetdarkbeforewegottoschool.当动词是表达某种心理状态时，要用不定式，如：Thestudentbegantounderstandhismistakes.［误］Theystudyhardintheclassfromthebeginningtotheend.［正］Theystudyhardintheclassfrombeginningtoend.［析］frombeginningtoend是习惯用法，即自始至终，不要加冠词，但如单独使用则要加冠词，例如：Atthebeginning,theteachergaveusanexam.behind［误］Hemissedtheclassbecausehewasbehindthetime.［正］Hemissedtheclassbecausehewasbehindtime.［析］behindtime一短语意为"晚了"，而behindthetimes意为"落后于时代"。behind是介词同时又是副词，如Comeoutfrombehindthedoor(介词).He'salongwaybehind(副词).Hefellbehindwithhisclassmates(副词).below［误］What'sthatbelowthechair.［正］What'sthatunderthechair.［析］under意为"正下方"，而below意为"比……低"，或指"在下游"。如：Thereisafallbelowtheriver.(河的下游有一个瀑布。)其反义词为over，如：Thereisabigplaneflyingoverthecity.但在"下面的例子"一表达语中则要用theexamplebelow,而不要用under.beside［误］Thestudentsstoodbesidestheteacher.［正］Thestudentsstoodbesidetheteacher.［误］IstudyEnglishbesideChinese.［正］IstudyEnglishbesidesChinese.［析］beside意为"在……旁边"，而besides是"除……以外(还如何)"。besidebynearbeside意为"在……旁"，如：Thereisatalltreebesidetheriver.by多指"倚、靠"、"沿着"之意，如：Sheisstandingbythewindow.near多用来表示两地间距离不远，如：Thereisapostofficenearourschool.better［误］Youhadbettertodoitathome.［正］Youhadbetterdoitathome.［误］Youhadn'tbetterwakemeupatsix.［正］Youhadbetternotwakemeupatsix.［析］hadbetter在肯定句中为"应该作某事"，其后加不带to的不定式，而在否定句中应用hadbetter+not+动词原形。在简答语中had常省略为'd，如：You'dbetternot.又如：Let'sgofirst.No,we'dbetternot.between［误］Amongthetwotreesthereisaspaceofthefeet.［正］Betweenthetwotreesthereisaspaceofthefeet.［析］两者之间多用between，三者或三者以上之间则用among.62\n［误］Youmustchoosebetweenthiscluborthatclub.［正］Youmustchoosebetweenthisclubandthatclub.［析］在两个之间作出选择要用between…and…，而不能用between…or….big［误］Therewasabigrainlastnight.［正］Therewasaheavyrainlastnight.［析］大雨在英语中只能用aheavyrain而不要用abigrain.bit［误］Heisabitfool.［正］Heisabitofafool.［析］abit可以作程度副词，与alittle相同，但它用于名词前应用abitof,而用于形容词前则应用abit，如：I'mabittired,而其简答的否定句应为Notabit,(一点儿也不。)又如：-DoyoumindifIopenthedoor?-Notabit.black［误］Thechildrenbecameblackafterswimminginthesea.［正］Thechildrenbecamesunburnedafterswimminginthesea.［析］因太阳照晒而皮肤变黑，不应用black而应用sunburned,suncolour或dark.［误］Thegirlhasblackeyesandblackhair.［正］Thegirlhasdarkeyesandblackhair.［析］英语中blackeyes的意思是被打得发青的眼睛。［误］TheEuropeanslikeredtea.［正］TheEuropeanslikeblacktea.［析］红茶在英文中应为blacktea.这种惯用法还有：blackandblue(鼻青脸肿，青一块紫一块)；blackandwhite(黑白电视片)。goblack意为"在失去知觉时眼前一片黑暗"；lookblack意为"情况不妙，前景暗淡"。如：Afterthefighthewasblackandblue.OnTV,Ilikecolourforsomethingandblackandwhiteforothers.body［误］Goingtobedearlierandgettingupearlierisgoodforyourbody.［正］Goingtobedearlierandgettingupearlierisgoodforyourhealth.［析］中文常讲对你身体有利，而英文中则讲对你健康有利。borrow［误］MayIlendsomebooksfromthelibrary?［正］MayIborrowsomebooksfromthelibrary?［误］HowlongcanIborrowit?［正］HowlongcanIkeepit?［析］英语中有三个词都可译为"借"，但意义各不相同如："借入"是borrow，其常用句型结构是borrowsomethingfromsomebody，这是个瞬间性动词，不可与表示延续的时间状语连用。例如：Thestudentswanttoborrowsomebooksfromthelibrary."借出"用lend，即借给别人东西。其常用句型是lendsomebodysomething,或lendsomethingtosomebody.例如：Couldyoulendusyourdictionary?或Couldyoulendyourdictionarytous?它也是瞬间性动词，也不能与延续的时间状语连用。keep则是延续性动词，可以和表示长时间段的时间状语连用，也可与howlong等疑问词连用，如：Youcankeepitforthreedays.born(bear的过去分词)62\n［误］IborninShanghai.［正］IwasborninShanghai.［误］HewasbornfromGreekparents.［正］HewasbornofGreekparents.［析］"出身于……样的家庭"不要作from而要用of，例如：Hewasbornofapoorfamily.both［误］Theybotharestudents.［正］Theyarebothstudents.［误］Theyrefusebothtoanswerthisquestion.［正］Theybothrefusetoanswerthisquestion.［析］both作同位语时，一般要用在be动词之后实意动词之前。［误］Iknowhisbothparents.［正］Iknowbothhisparents.［误］Thebothbrotherswerestudents.［正］Boththebrotherswerestudents.［正］Bothbrotherswerestudents.［析］当both与形容词性物主代词my,his,her等以及定冠词the连用时，都应将这些词置于both之后。另外，在与定冠词连用时the可以省略。［误］Bothofmyparentsarenotathome.［正］Neitherofmyparentsareathome.［误］Bothofyouranswersarenotright.［正］Neitherofyouranswersisright.［正］Bothyouranswersarewrong.［析］both不能用于否定句中作主语。表示"两者都不"时要用neither;但作宾语时both与either则都对，但要注意句意有所不同。例如：Icannotgivebothofthebookstoyou.(我不能将两本书全给你。)而Icannotgiveeitherofthebookstoyou.(两本书中哪本书也不能给你。)bring［误］PleasebringthisdictionarytoMrBrown.［正］PleasetakethisdictionarytoMrBrown.［误］Nexttime,pleasetakeyourlittlesisterhere.［正］Nexttime,pleasebringyourlittlesisterhere.［析］英语中bring是"带来"，而take是"带走"。还有一个词fetch,表示"到某处去把某物取、接回来"。如：Pleasefetchthedoctoratonce.business［误］MyfatherwenttoShanghaiforbusiness.［正］MyfatherwenttoShanghaionbusiness.［析］onbusiness出差busy［误］Thestudentswereverybusytopreparefortheexam.［正］Thestudentswereverybusypreparingfortheexam.［析］bebusydoingsomething为"忙于作某事"［误］Thestudentswerebusyfortheexam.［正］Thestudentswerebusywiththeexam.62\n［析］busy直接接名词时应用with.but［误］Hecouldn'thelpbutrealizingthathewaswrong.［正］Hecouldn'thelpbutrealizethathewaswrong.［误］Shecouldn'thelptocrywhenshesawhermother.［正］Shecouldn'thelpcryingwhenshesawhermother.［析］couldn'thelp其后应接动名词，表示情不自禁的动作，但couldn'thelpbut后面要加动词原形即省to的不定式，所以前一句应译为"他才真正认识到他错了。"buy［误］Ihaveboughtthisdictionaryforthreeyears.［正］Ihavehadthisdictionaryforthreeyears.［析］buy是截止性(即瞬间)动词，它可以有完成时，如：Ihaveboughtthisdictionary.但是不能与表示较长的时间状语连用。如要讲我这本字典已买了3年了则要用havehad这一结构即我拥有这本字典已3年了。by［误］Theboyshotthecatbyagun.［正］Theboyshotthecatwithagun.［误］Hecametoschoolbyataxithismorning.［正］Hecametoschoolbytaxithismorning.［析］作为某种运输手段来讲，by与名词间不能有冠词，如：bycar,bybike,byair等。如有了冠词或其他修饰词，则应用别的相应的介词，如："我们今天早上是乘他的车来的"一句应译为：Wecamehereinhiscarthismorning.与by结合而成的词组很多，常用的有：bytheway顺便说说；byhand手工制作；byoneself独自地；bynomeans决不。Ccall［误］I'llcallatMrBrown.［正］I'llcallonMrBrown.［误］I'llcallonMrBrown'shome.［正］I'llcallatMrBrown'shome.［析］作"拜访"讲时，at后面接访问地点，而on后面接访问的人。callondropinvisitcallon比较正式的为公务的访问，如：Wewerecalledonbytheoldstudents.而dropin则是比较随便的走走，顺便拜访，如：Ifyou'refree,dropin.而visit则是更正式的外交访问或友好往来，如：Myschool'sheadmasterwillvisitAmericanextweek.can［误］Ablindmancannotjudgecolours.［正］Ablindmancannotjudgecolours.［误］Icann'tcallforyouatten.［正］Ican'tcallforyouatten.［析］can的否定形式应为cannot或can't.［误］It'sonlysixo'clock.Thatmustn'tbethepostman.［正］It'sonlysixo'clock.Thatcan'tbethepostman.［析］must用来表示一种肯定的推断，如：Shemusthavesomeproblems.Shekeepscrying.62\n但在否定句中则要用can't，要表示对过去的推测则要用"must+have+过去分词"的表达法，如：Thelightshavegoneout.Afusemusthaveblown.而对过去的否定推测则多用"can't+have+过去分词"，如：Idon'tthinkhecanhaveheardyou.Callagain.［误］Wecouldnothelptolaughatonce.［正］Wecouldnothelplaughingatonce.［正］Wecouldnothelpbutlaughatonce.［析］"couldn'thelp+动名词"表示禁不住做了某事。但couldnothelpbut与couldnotbut后面要加不带to的不定式，意思都是不得不去做某事.如：Youcouldnot(help)butrespecthim.canbeabletocan与beableto都可以用来表示能力，但can只有现在时与过去时，beableto则可用任何时态，如：Hewillbeabletoteachthechild.但要表示经过努力而达到的一次性动作则只能用beableto，如：Hefinallywasabletojumpover210meters.或：Theplanewasabletoflyoverthemountain.但要注意的是这两个词都没有进行时态，而beableto后面不接不定式的被动态。cancouldcan与could都可以用在现在时的口语中，只是用could更为礼貌，语气更委婉。如：Couldyoutellusastory?care［误］Idon'tcarecoffee.［正］Idon'tcareforcoffee.［误］Takecareforyoursteps.［正］Takecareofyoursteps.［析］carefor是"对某物感兴趣"，而careof是"关心，要当心某事"，如：Shedidn'tcareforhim.Takecareofwhatyouaredoing.［误］Idon'tcarewherewewillgoifitdoesn'train.［正］Idon'tcarewherewegoifitdoesn'train.［析］在itdoesn'tmatter,Idon'tcare,Idon'tmind,及incase引出的状语从句后面要用现在时表示将来。如：I'vegotafootballincasewehavetimeforagame.change［误］Iwanttochangemycamerawiththatone.［正］Iwanttochangemycameraforthatone.［析］changefor为"以某物为交换物"。而changewith则是"随……而变"，如：Thewood'scolourchangedwiththeseason.cheap［误］Ateacher'ssalaryisgenerallyverycheap.［正］Ateacher'ssalaryisgenerallyverylow.［析］工资的高低要用low，cheap是指价格便宜，如果要讲物美价廉则要用notexpensive,如：Thiscarisnotexpensive.choose［误］WeeachhadtohaveachooseofAorB.［正］WeeachhadtohaveachoiceofAorB.［析］choice是名词，而choose是动词。class62\n［误］TheclassiswatchingTV.［正］TheclassarewatchingTV.［析］class作主语时，如果作为整体讲则应用单数形式的谓语动词，如：Theclasswasmorethanfortyinnumber.如考虑到具体的每个成员时则应用复数形式的谓语动词，如：Theclassare,ingeneral,verybright.clean［误］Sorry,Ididn'tboughtithere.Icleanlyforgot.［正］Sorry,Ididn'tboughtithere.Icleanforgot.［析］clean可以作为副词讲，其意为"完全"，而cleanly则意为"正确地"、"干净利落地"，如：Theknifedoesn'tcutcleanly.而clean作为形容词讲时意为"清洁的"、"干净的"，如：Herfaceisnotcleannow.clever［误］I'mnotcleverinEnglish.［正］I'mnotcleveratEnglish.［析］cleverat是固定搭配，表示在某方面有特长。close［误］Itiscoldoutside.Pleasekeepthedoorclose.［正］Itiscoldoutside.Pleasekeepthedoorclosed.［析］这里的close是动词，意为"关闭"，而keep后要加形容词，所以要用close的过去分词形式closed作形容词。作形容词用的close意为"近的"、"亲密的"。［误］ComecloselysothatIcanseeyou.［正］ComeclosesothatIcanseeyou.［误］Goodteachingandgoodtestingarecloserelated.［正］Goodteachingandgoodtestingarecloselyrelated.［析］close,closely同样可以作副词用，但其意义不同，close是"靠近"、"接近"之意，而closely则是"紧密"、"严密"、"密切"之意。［误］Myschoolwasquiteclosefrommyhome.［正］Myschoolwasquiteclosetomyhome.［析］"与……接近"是closeto…，例如：Hewasclosetofifty.Thereisabusstopclosetothestation.closeshutturnshut与close是同义词，如closethedoor或shutthedoor.但要讲把某人关在门外时则只能用shutsomebodyout而不能用close，因shut语气较强，并含有隔离之意。而turnoff是指关上电视、电灯、煤气之类，有切断之意。cloth［误］Thechildrenwearverygoodclothtogotoschool.［正］Thechildrenwearverygoodclothestogotoschool.［误］Ineedalotofclothing.I'mgoingtomakeanewcloth.［正］Ineedalotofcloth.I'mgoingtomakeanewdress.［析］cloth是"布"、"布料"，没有复数形式。一块布料是apieceofcloth,而clothes统指衣服，是复数名词，"一套衣服"要讲asuitofclothes，如果是"一件件衣服"应讲shirt,dress,sweater等。而clothing是衣物的总称，是不可数名词。例如：Thisclothingisneededin62\nwarmcountries.Herclothesaremadeoffinecloth.英语中的dress是指比较正式的服装，如aschooldress(校服)，astudentdress(学生套装)，aworkingdress(工作服)。coffee［误］Pleasegivemetwowaters.［正］Pleasegivemetwocoffees.［正］Pleasegivemetwocupsofwater.［析］虽然coffee,water,tea等都是物质名词，但是只有coffee可用coffees取代若干杯coffee,而其他的却不行，其前要加acupof或aglassof.colour(color)［误］Coloursofflowersarered,yellowandwhite.［正］Flowersarered,yellowandwhite.［析］中文的"花的颜色有红色、黄色和白色"，若译为英文Coloursofflowersare…，就显得重复了。［误］Ilikegreencolour.［正］Ilikegreen.［正］Ilikecolourgreen.［析］colourgreen中的colour是green的同位语，所以这种说话方式英语是可以接受的。come［误］Icameacrosswithanoldfriendinthestreetyesterday.［正］Icameacrossanoldfriendinthestreetyesterday.［析］comeacross是"偶然碰见、遇见"，要直接加宾语，如：I'vejustcomeacrossabeautifulpoeminthismagazine.［误］Wheredoyoucomefrom?Icomefromthestation.［正］Wheredidyoucomefrom?Icamefromthestation.［正］Wheredoyoucomefrom?IcomefromChina.［析］Wheredoyoucomefrom?意为"你是什么地方的人?"而Wheredidyoucomefrom?则是"你从何处来?"［误］Thestarsarecomingoutfromthecloud.［正］Thestarsarecomingoutofthecloud.［析］comeoutof意为"从……地方出来"。comeincomeintoentercomein与comeinto的意义相同，但comeinto后面要加宾语，而comein后面不用宾语。如Ifoundsomeonecameintomyroom.Thedooropenedandthechildcamein.enter常作为及物动词使用，如：ThebusenteredtheEnglishtunnel.congratulate［误］Iwanttocongratulateyouforyoursuccesswithallmyheart.［正］Iwanttocongratulateyouonyoursuccesswithallmyheart.［析］动词congratulatesomebodyonsomething是"向某人祝贺某事"。其名词congratulation在用时一般要用复数，如：Iofferedhimmycongratulationsonhissuccess.又如：Congratulations!cook62\n［误］Myfatherisagoodcooker.［正］Myfatherisagoodcook.［析］很多动词加上er则变为执行该动作的一种人，如workworker,teachteacher.但cook即是动词"做饭"，同时名词也是"厨师"。而cooker则是"厨具"、"炊具"之意。如：Iwillcookthedinner.Iboughtagoodpresscooker(高压锅)。corner［误］Thereisapostofficeinthecornerofthestreet.［正］Thereisapostofficeatthecornerofthestreet.［误］Agirlsatatthecorneroftheroom.［正］Agirlsatinthecorneroftheroom.［析］inthecorner是在建筑物内部的角上，而atthecorner是在外部的角上，如：Thereisabigtreeatthecornerofthebuilding.cost［误］Icosttendollarsforthebook.［正］Ispenttendollarsonthebook.［误］Icosttwohourstodomyhomework.［正］Ittookmetwohourstodomyhomework.［析］cost,spend.take都可以作"花费"讲，但用法不同。cost的用法是"something+cost+somebody+时间或金钱"，如：Thebookcostmetendollars.spend的用法是"somebody+spend+时间+(in)doingsomething"，如：Ispenttwohours(in)writingthisbook.或"somebody+spend+金钱+onsomething"，如：Ispendtwodollarsonthisbook.而take的用法则要用逻辑主语it:"It+takes+somebody+时间+todosomething",如：Ittookmeanhourtocleantheclassroom.country［误］Youcanfindcowsinacountry.［正］Youcanfindcowsinthecountry.［析］country即可作"国家"讲，也可作"农村"讲。当作"农村"讲时，一定要加定冠词，而且只有单数形式。例如：［误］Farmersliveinthecountries.［正］Farmersliveinthecountry.［析］但作为"国家"讲时则可有单、复数形式，例如：JapanisanAsiancountry.Japan,China,andIndiaareAsiancountries.另外，country一般指的是地理概念上的国家，如：NewZealandisanagriculturalcountry.而nation多指民族组成的国家，如：TheChinesenation(中华民族)。state多侧重于政权方面的区域、国家范围，如：thestatefarm(国营农场)。cross［误］Therearetrafficlightsatthecross.［正］Therearetrafficlightsatthecrossing.［析］cross作为名词讲时是十字架、十字形的东西，如：RedCross(红十字会)。［误］Thelittleboyisgoingtoacrossthestreet.［正］Thelittleboyisgoingtocrossthestreet.［析］across是副词或介词，但不能作动词用。crosspasscross是指横过某地，如：Hecrossedthesquare.而pass则强调从某物体旁经过，如：ImailedsomeletterswhenIpassedthepostoffice.62\ncrowd［误］Theroomsoonwascrowdedbypeople.［正］Theroomsoonwascrowdedwithpeople.［析］crowded在这句话中应作为形容词，所以这句话不是被动语态而是系表结构，如：Theroomwascrowdedwithbooks.cup［误］Asilverglasswasgiventothewinner.［正］Asilvercupwasgiventothewinner.［误］Mymotherwaslookingforthewhiskycup.［正］Mymotherwaslookingforthewhiskyglass.［析］glass一般指由玻璃制成的器皿，而cup多指用陶瓷或金属制成的杯子，且cup尤其用在奖杯上。喝酒多用的是玻璃制成的杯子，如我们讲Idrinkaglassofwineatsupper.而不讲Idrinkacupofwineatsupper.Ddance［误］We'llinviteyouandyourwifetoadanceparty.［正］We'llinviteyouandyourwifetoadancingparty.［正］We'llinviteyouandyourwifetoadance.［正］We'llinviteyouandyourwifetoaball.(美语中常用ball作为舞会。)date［误］Hestudiedtenhoursadate.［正］Hestudiedtenhoursaday.［析］date是指具体日期。如问What'sthedatetoday?应回答具体日期："October1st1998."而day是指1日(24小时)。如Whatdayistoday?问的是星期几，应回答"It'sSunday."［误］Today'sdateisJanuaryfirst.1998.［正］Today'sdateisJanuary1，1998.［正］Today'sdateisJanuary1st，1998.［析］在日期书写中不要用序数词全写，而要用1st，2nd，3rd……如果一定要用序数词，其顺序应为：ItisthefirstofJanuary.day［误］ThisisabookabouteverydayEnglish.［正］ThisisabookabouteverydayEnglish.［正］ThisisaneverydayEnglishbook.［误］Wegotoschooleveryday.［正］Wegotoschooleveryday.［析］everyday是形容词，意为"日常的"，而everyday则是"每天"、"天天"之意。dead［误］Myfatherhasdiedfortenyears.［正］Myfatherhasbeendeadfortenyears.［析］die是瞬间动词，它可以用于完成时，如：Myfatherhasdied.但用于完成时不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。它也可以用于过去时，如：Myfatherdiedthreeyearsago［误］We'llalwaysrememberthedeadswhowerekilledinthewar.［正］We'llalwaysrememberthedeadwhowerekilledinthewar.62\n［析］形容词前如加定冠词表示一类人，如therich(富人)，thesick(病人)，thepoor(穷人)，其后的谓语动词要用复数，如：Thericharenotalwayshappy.deaddeadlydead在某些词组里是"完全"、"的确"的意思，如deadright,deadtired,deadsure。而deadly则是"致命的"，如：Therichmanhadmanydeadlyenemies.又如：Cancerisadeadlydisease.deaddieddead是形容词，如：MrsGintywasdead.而died是动词die的过去式及过去分词，如：Shediedin1960.但英语中如表达出对某人去世的伤感说法是passaway,如：Myfatherpassedaway,thismorning.deer［误］Inthezoo,therearemanydeers.［正］Inthezoo,therearemanydeer.［析］deer是单、复数同形的词，如：onedeer，twodeer，这样的名词还有fish，sheep等。但如果讲Therearemanyfisheshere.这句话应译为"这里有许多种鱼类。"而不应译为"这里有很多鱼。"desk［误］Theboysatinhisdesk.［正］Theboysatathisdesk.［析］在课桌旁坐着应用介词at,而atdesk则应译为"在学习"，attable应译为"在吃饭"。die［误］InSouthAfricamanypeoplediedfromcancer.［正］InSouthAfricamanypeoplediedofcancer.［误］Theoldmandiedofoverwork.［正］Theoldmandiedfromoverwork.［析］死于疾病应用dieof，而死于某种外因事故则多用from.［误］Hismotherisdied.［正］Hismotherisdead.［误］Theoldwomanwasdeadattheageofseventy.［正］Theoldwomandiedattheageofseventy.［析］dead是形容词，而die是动词。形容词表示状态，动词则表示动作。［误］Hediedinatrafficaccident.［正］Hewaskilledinatrafficaccident.［析］由于事故而造成的死亡一般用tobekilled.［误］Whenthedoctorcame，theoldmanhadalreadydied.［正］Whenthedoctorcame，theoldmanwasalreadydead.［正］Theoldmandiedbeforethedoctorcame.different［误］Myroomisdifferentwithyours.［正］Myroomisdifferentfromyours.［误］Thevillageisverydifferentwithwhatitwas.［正］Thevillageisverydifferentfromwhatitwas.［析］differentfrom是"与……不同"之意。difficult［误］Englishisverydifficulttobelearned.62\n［正］Englishisverydifficulttolearn.［误］Helearnedphysicsisdifficult.［正］Itisverydifficultforhimtolearnphysics.［析］要学习英语的表达法而不要生硬地按字去译中文。Itisdifficultforsomebodytodosomething.为"对于某人来说做某事很困难。"difficulty［误］Therewaslittledifficultytofindhim.［正］Therewaslittledifficultyinfindinghim.［析］这种用法还有trouble,即difficulty(trouble)indoingsomething.dinner［误］Whendidyouhavethesupper?［正］Whendidyouhavesupper?［析］英语中一日三餐前无冠词，例如：［误］Ihadalunchat12o'clock.［正］Ihadlunchat12o'clock.［析］在某些特定场合，如指某次宴会，则要加冠词，如：Thedinnerwasgiveninhonouroftheguest.dress［误］Myfatherboughtanewdressforhimselfyesterday.［正］Myfatherboughtanewsuitforhimselfyesterday.［析］一般来讲男套装用suit，女服则用dress；作男服的服装店是tailorshop(tailor's),而做女装的服装店是dressmaker's.［误］Themotherdressedtheclothesonherchild.［正］Themotherdressedherchild.［析］dress作及物动词当"穿衣服"讲时，其后不能接衣服而只能接人，如：Theboyisstilltooyoungtodresshimself.但作为一种穿着打扮的状态时，则多用其过去分词作形容词，如：Heisnotdressedinhisnewsuit.或Sheisdressedinred.词组dressup是过节日时应服装整齐，如：Theydressedupfortheholiday.dresshaveonputonwear要区别这几个动词需分清是表示动作的动词还是表示状态的动词。表示状态的动词是haveon和wear，如：Hehasonawhitecoat.Hewaswearingheavyshoes.而puton则表示穿衣的动作，如：Putonyourcoat,itiscoldoutside.而dress即可以作状态又可以作动作，作动作讲时其后面接人而不能接衣服，作穿着状态时则多用dressed的形式。如：Isawaladydressedinred.Isawagirldressingherself.drop［误］Thestudentsfelltheirvoice.［正］Thestudentsdroppedtheirvoice.［析］drop与fall都可以表示"落下、掉下"之意，有时可以互换，如：Thedictionaryfell(dropped)fromthetable.但drop还可以作及物动词，而fall一般只能作不及物动词。［误］Ishalldropinyou.［正］Ishalldropinonyou.［析］dropin是随便拜访某人，而其后要接人时应加介词on再加人称。during［误］DuringIwassick，Icouldn'teatwell.62\n［正］WhileIwassick，Icouldn'teatwell.［析］during后不能接从句，而when和while后可接从句。［误］IhavebeenstudyingEnglishduringthreedays.［正］IhavebeenstudyingEnglishforthreedays.［析］during不能表达一个动作持续多长的时间，而只能表达在某段时间内某事件的发生。即带有由during引导的时间状语的句子只能用过去时，不能用完成时。Eeach［误］Everyofthemhashishabit.［正］Eachofthemhashishabit.［析］each可以作形容词，但也可作代词，而every只能作形容词。［误］ThemanagercomestoAmericaalmosteachmonth.［正］ThemanagercomestoAmericaalmosteverymonth.［析］each与every都作形容词讲时，都有"每个"之意，但有不同。each多指个体，而every则多指整体。如：Wewanteverystudenttosucceed.each不同来表达总体概念，所以不能与almost,nearly，likely等词连用。［误］Weeachhasabook.［正］Weeachhaveabook.［析］each作同位语时，其数应与其同位的名词相同，而each作主语时则应取其单数形式。eachotheroneanothereachother与oneanother这两个词组的区别在很多语法书中强调eachother是两者之间，而oneanother是多者之间，其实不然，如：Allstudentsmustcareforeachother,mustloveandhelpeachother.事实上这两个词组是同义的，如果要讲有什么区别的话，当我们非常笼统地谈，而不特指什么人时，多用oneanother.early［误］Couldyoucomeheremoreearly?［正］Couldyoucomehereearlier?［析］单音节和少数双音节副词的比较级和最高级要用er和est来作其结尾，如fast,soon,early,hard,long,near等。earth［误］Whatontheearthdoyoumean?［正］Whatonearthdoyoumean?［析］onearth这一词组在句中为的是加强语气，其意为"究竟"、"到底"。而作为"地球"讲时则要加定冠词，如：Howfaristheearthfromthemoon.而作为"泥土"讲时则为不可数名词，如：Hefilledthepotwithearthandwantedtoplantsomeflowers.easy［误］Youcaneasyimaginemysurprise.［正］Youcaneasilyimaginemysurprise.［析］easy只在有限的词组中被用作副词，如takeiteasy(不要紧张)，goeasy,standeasy等。例如：Easycome,easygo.(钱来的容易花的也快.)Easiersaidthandone.(说的容易做着难。)east［误］JapanisontheeastofChina.62\n［正］JapanistotheeastofChina.［析］在讲述地理位置时，有3个介词常用，它们是in,on和to,其中in表示处于所表达的范围之内，如：ShanghaiisintheeastofChina.on则表示双方接壤，如：NorthKoreaisonthenortheastofChina.而表示互不相接的两部分时则用to,如：TaiwanistotheeastofFujian.either［误］-Idon'tlikeopera.-Idon'tliketoo.［正］-Idon'tlikeopera.-Idon'tlikeeither.［析］在否定句中用either表示"也"，而在肯定句中用too表示"也"。［误］EitheryouorIareright.［正］EitheryouorIamright.［析］这在语法书中被称作就近原则，即哪个主语离谓语动词近，则应采用与哪个主语相一致的谓语动词，相同用法的还有neither…nor…，notonly…butalso…，以及or在连接两个主语时。如：Youorheistogohome.Theotherswillhavetostayintheclassroom.elder［误］MyolderbrotherhasgonetoShanghai.［正］MyelderbrotherhasgonetoShanghai.［析］在表示兄姐的长幼时应用elder表示"哥哥姐姐"，如：myeldersister姐姐，但表示岁数时则多用older，如：SheistwoyearsolderthanI.empty［误］Aretheseseatsempty?［正］Aretheseseatstaken?［析］empty是指空洞的没有任何物体，如：Thehousewasempty,其意思是没有任何家具或屋内无人。但座位是否有人坐应用take.English［误］MysisterstudiedEnglishlanguageverywell.［正］MysisterstudiedtheEnglishlanguageverywell.［正］MysisterstudiedEnglishverywell.［析］在泛指某一种学科时，不应加冠词，如：Ilikehistory.但如特指某一门学科时则应加冠词，如：HelikesthehistoryofAmerica.enjoy［误］Ienjoytoplayfootball.［正］Ienjoyplayingfootball.［析］enjoy后要接动名词，而不接不定式。［误］DidyouenjoyattheEnglishevening?［正］DidyouenjoyyourselfattheEnglishevening?enough［误］I'msorry.Youarenotstudyingenoughcarefully.［正］I'msorry.Youarenotstudyingcarefullyenough.［析］enough要用在形容词或副词之后。［误］Doyouhaveenoughofmoney?［正］Doyouhaveenoughmoney?62\n［正］Doyouhaveenoughofthemoney?［误］Thecoffeeisn'tenough.［正］Thereisn'tenoughcoffee.［析］enough可以作be动词的表语，但其主语应是代词，如：That'senough.Itwasenough.如果是名词时应换用上面的句型。entrance［误］Theentranceofthecinemaisonyourright.［正］Theentrancetothecinemaisonyourright.［析］在表示通往某处时entrance后面多用to作介词。这样的用法还有keytothedoor,answertothequestion等。evening［误］Iwalkedhomeinacoldevening.［正］Iwalkedhomeonacoldevening.［析］intheevening这一词组如加上另外的修饰词则其介词应换为on.everyone［误］Everyoneofyougoestoclass.［正］Everyoneofyougoestoclass.［析］everyone其后不能接of结构。在否定句中如果要讲"每一个人都没有注意到它"，就译作：Nobodynoticedit.要注意Everyoneofusisnotright.应译为"我们不都对。"而Noneofusareright.才应译为"我们全错了。"exam［误］Wetakepartinanexam.［正］Wetakeanexam.［析］takepartin为"参加"某种活动，运动，而在学科中选择某一学科学习并进行考试应用take.except［误］Theroomiscleanexcepttwodesks.［正］Theroomiscleanexceptfortwodesks.［误］IcomehereeverydayexceptforSunday.［正］IcomehereeverydayexceptSunday.［析］在同一类物体中排除某一部分用except,在不同类物体中排除某一物体时用exceptfor。而exceptthat其后接从句，如：Sheisagoodgirlexceptthatsheiscarelesssometimes.而besides则是"包括在内"，如"我学习英语同时还学法语。"应译为：IstudyEnglishbesidesFrench.exercise［误］ThestudentsexercisespokenEnglishinthemorning.［正］ThestudentspractisespokenEnglishinthemorning.［析］exercise多指运动、训练，而practise则多指把理论付诸于实践的练习。［误］Everyoneshoulddoexerciseseveryday.［正］Everyoneshoulddoexerciseeveryday.［析］作为运动讲exercise是不可数名词，而当"练习"、"体操"、"早操"则是可数名词，例如：IdoalotexercisesintheP.E.class.Ffail62\n［误］Tomfailedhisexam.［正］Tomfailedinhisexam.［正］Tomfailedtopasstheexam.［析］fail为不及物动词，其后可用in加名词，或直接接不定式。family［误］I'msorryIhavetogo.Tom'sfamiliesarewaitingforme.［误］I'msorryIhavetogo.Tom'sfamilyiswaitingforme.［正］I'msorryIhavetogo.Tom'sfamilyarewaitingforme.［析］family是集合名词，把它当作整体看它是单数，如看作家庭中的每个成员则为复数。如：Yourfamilyareverykindtome.Myfamilyisverylarge.far［误］Myschoolistenmilesfarfromhere.［正］Myschoolistenmilesawayfromhere.［析］far一般不与实际距离连用。［误］"Didyouwalkfar?""Yes，Iwalkedfar."［正］"Didyouwalkfar?""Yes,Iwalkedalongway."［析］一般肯定句中不用far单独作状语，而用alongway.far组成的常用词组有：asfaras.①远至，一直到。如：Hewalkedasfarasthestation.②就……而言。如：Asfarashewasconcernedthesebookswereverygood.③只要。如：IcanhelpyouasfarasIcan.sofor到目前为止。例：Heisverywellsofar.fartherfurtherfar有两个比较级，即farther和further，其意思略有不同：farther主要用于表示距离的远近，如：MilanisfartherawaythanRome.而further则是指"进一步的"，如：Willweneedanyfurtherdiscussiononthismatter.fast［误］Afasttrainrunsfastly.［正］Afasttrainrunsfast.［析］fast其形容词与副词形式相同。fastsoonfast指行动本身的速度快，如：Theforeignerspeakstoofast.而soon则多指两个动作之间间隔短，时间到来的迅速，如：Shewillcomesoon.feel［误］Ifeelbadlyaboutmymistakes.［正］Ifeelbadaboutmymistakes.［析］感观动词如feel,smell等后面要接形容词而不是副词。feelgood是指某人精神好，而feelwell是指人身体状况良好。［误］Itrynottohurtherfeeling.［正］Itrynottohurtherfeelings.［析］feeling在作"感情"讲时要用复数，而作"感觉"讲则要用单数。如：Ihaveafeelingthatwewillwinthegame.few［误］Fewofthemisverygood.62\n［正］Fewofthemareverygood.［析］few意为"几乎没有"，但要用复数谓语动词。如果讲有一些人应用afew,如：Therewereonlyafewpeopleinthestreet.［误］Therearelessfarmsthanthereusedtobe.［正］Therearefewerfarmsthanthereusedtobe.［析］few的比较级为fewer，其后接可数名词；而little的比较级为less，其后接不可数名词。field［误］Heisafamousscientistonthefieldofphysics.［正］Heisafamousscientistinthefieldofphysics.［析］inthefield是"在田野上"或是"在某一学科领域内"，而onthefield则多指"在战场上"。如：Helosthislifeonthebattlefield.fill［误］Shefilledorangeintomyglass.［正］Shefilledmyglasswithorange.［析］表示要用某种物品装满某容器时要用fillwith词组，如：Theboyranbackhomefilledwithjoy.fillfullfill是动词，但有及物与不及物两种用法，当表示"充满"之意时是不及物动词，应用fillwith，如：Thelittlegirl'seyesfilledwithtears.而当表示"使……装满某物"时，是及物动词，如：Hefilledhispocketwithbooks.而befilledwith应看作系表结构，如：Theboy'smotherwasfilledwithanger.full是形容词，要用befullof这一词组，如：Theboywasfullofjoy.find［误］Hehasfindedhislostbike.［正］Hehasfoundhislostbike.［析］find是不规则动词，其过去式和过去分词均是found。但found一词又意为"建立"，它是规则动词，其过去式及过去分词均为founded.［误］Itisverydifficulttolookforasuitablejob.［正］Itisverydifficulttofindasuitablejob.［析］lookfor为"寻找"，而find是找到。寻找工作并不难，难的应是找到合适的工作。findfindoutfindout意为"找出、算出、发现"，如：Ihavefoundouthowtodoit.而find的主要侧重点在找到某物，如：Ifindmybookunderthedesk.finish［误］Ifinishedtoreadthatbooklastnight.［正］Ifinishedreadingthatbooklastnight.［析］英文中有些动词其后只能用动名词作宾语而不能用不定式作宾语，这样的动词在中考范围内有两个，即finish和enjoy。fire［误］There'snosmokewithoutafire.［正］There'snosmokewithoutfire.［析］此句应译为中文"无风不起浪"。fire作为物质名词"火"讲时为不可数名词，而作为"炉火"、"火灾"讲则是可数名词，如：Therewasafireinthenextstreetlastmonth.如要讲"62\n着火了"要用beonfire,如：Thefactorywasonfire.［误］Themanfiredtous.［正］Themanfiredatus.［析］fire(on)at均指"向某目标开火"，at用于较小目标，而on用于较大目标。first［误］IsthisyourfirstlyvisittoBeijing?［正］IsthisyourfirstvisittoBeijing?［析］除了在强调第一、第二、第三等场合中有时还可见firstly一词外，这个词已不多见，而均被first取代。first还有"首先"、"首次"、"第一次"之意。follow［误］Ireceivedaletterwhichranasfollow.［正］Ireceivedaletterwhichranasfollows.［析］asfollows是惯用法，其意为"如下"，不论在任何场合均要用follows.［误］Asfollowsarehisarguments.［正］Thefollowingarehisarguments.［析］asfollows主要用于句尾，而thefollowing则用于句首。food［误］Toomuchsweetfood,suchascakes,chocolates,pastry…mayincreaseyourweight.［正］Toomanyfoods,suchascakes,chocolates,pastry…mayincreaseyourweight.［析］food泛指食物时为不可数名词，如：Thereisnofoodforsupper.而指一种种食物时则用作可数名词。foot［误］Thereisafivefeetwidebridge.［正］Thereisafivefootwidebridge.［析］用连字符组成的形容词中所有名词均要用单数形式。［误］Wewenttocollegeonfeet.［正］Wewenttocollegeonfoot.［析］by后面加接交通工具时，不应加任何冠词，不要用名词的复数形式。如加了某些修饰词后，其前面的介词要作适当的改变，如：Icametoschoolinhiscaryesterday.Igotoshoolonatrain.for［误］Iwantedtogotothepubforhavingadrink.［正］Iwantedtogotothepubforadrink.［正］Iwantedtogotothepubtohaveadrink.［析］用for表示目的时，其后面只能接名词，而不要接动名词。［误］Iwenttotheofficeforseeingtheheadmaster.［正］Iwenttotheofficetoseetheheadmaster.［析］用不定式来表示动作的目的。［误］IwillleaveBeijingtoShanghai.［正］IwillleaveBeijingforShanghai.［正］IwillleaveforShanghai.［析］leavefor为一固定搭配，不要改动。［误］Iboughtabooktoyou.62\n［正］Iboughtabookforyou.［误］Heisafriendforus.［正］Heisafriendtous.［析］在英文中"为"一词在泛指时用to,在特指时要用for.［误］Thisfoodisgoodtous.［正］Thisfoodisgoodforus.［析］词组begood(bad)for表示"对……有好(坏)处"。［误］ForIwasfeelingquitehungry,Iwantedtohavelunch.［正］Iwantedtohavelunch,forIwasfeelingquitehungry.［析］for作为"因为"讲时一般不要置于句首，而且口气也比because弱的多。forget［误］Ileftmykey.［正］Ileftmykeyathome.［正］Iforgotmykey.［析］leave是"丢下"之意，所以一定要接地点状语，而forget是"忘记"，所以不用接地点状语。［误］Iwillnotforgettherules.［正］Iwillneverforgettherules.［误］Pleasedon'tforgetpostingmyletteronyourwayhome.［正］Pleasedon'tforgettopostmyletteronyourwayhome.［析］要注意forgettodosomething为"忘了去作某事"，而forgetdoingsomething则应译为"对已经作过的事记不起来了"。如：Heforgetreturningthebooktothelibrary.应译为"他忘记已把书还给图书馆这件事了。"同样用法的词还有remember和regret.free［误］Youcanspeakfreeinfrontofmyparents.［正］Youcanspeakfreelyinfrontofmyparents.［析］free作为副词时意为"免费"、"不必付款"，如：Youcaneatfreeinmyrestaurant.而freely则意为"自由地"、"无限制地"。French［误］ShecomesfromFrench.［正］ShecomesfromFrance.［析］French是"法语"、"法国的"，而France才是"法国"。friend［误］Henoddedtomefriendly.［正］Henoddedtomeinafriendlyfashion.［析］friendly是形容词，不是副词。在英语中应避免讲Heisafriendofmymother.又比如：Igotoschoolwithmyfriend.从语法上讲是对的但不是习惯上英语的说法。而应讲Heisafriendofmymother's.Igotoschoolwithafriend.befriendswith则是"交朋友"之意，例如：Ihopeyouwillbefriendswithme.而不应讲Ihopeyouwillbemyfriend.交朋友还有一惯用法是makefriends.from［误］Wheredoyoucomefrom?Icomefromthelibrary.［正］Wheredoyoucomefrom?IcomefromEngland.［正］Wheredidyoucomefrom?Icamefromthelibrary.［析］Wheredoyoucomefrom?应意为"你是从什么国家(地方)来的?"(即意为"你是哪的人?")62\n而Wheredidyoucomefrom?才是"你刚刚从哪来?"front［误］Therearethreetalltreesinthefrontofmyhouse.［正］Therearethreetalltreesinfrontofmyhouse.［析］infrontof是某物体外部的前面，而inthefrontof是在某物体内部的前面。如：Thebusdriverisseatedinthefrontofthebus.Ggame［误］HewenttoAmericatotakepartintheOlympicGame.［正］HewenttoAmericatotakepartintheOlympicGames.［析］game作为"运动会"讲时应用其复数形式，而具体一个游戏则可用其单数形式。如：Ourschoolteamwonthegame.German［误］TheyareGermen.［正］TheyareGermans.［误］ShecomesfromGerman.［正］ShecomesfromGermany.［析］German是"德国人"、"德国的"、"德语"，其复数形式是Germans；而Germany才是德国。gather［误］Allthestudentsandteachersaregatheredtogethernow.［正］Allthestudentsandteachersaregatherednow.［析］用了动词gather就不要再用together了。这句话还可以这样讲：Allthestudentsandteachersgottogether.give［误］Shegivesuptolookforthelostbike.［正］Shegivesuplookingforthelostbike.［析］giveup意为"放弃"，其后只接动名词作介词宾语，而不应接不定式。glad［误］Hisparentswereverygladforhissuccessinbusiness.［正］Hisparentswereverygladofhissuccessinbusiness.［正］Hisparentswereverygladtoknowhissuccessinbusiness.［析］"为……感到高兴"应是begladofsomething或begladtodosomething.glass［误］Theoldteacherhastwopairofbigglass.［正］Theoldteacherhastwopairsofbigglasses.［析］glass作为"眼镜"讲，应用复数形式，在英语中手套gloves裤子pants，剪刀scissors均用复数形式。glass作"玻璃杯"讲时则可用单数形式或复数形式，如：Iwanttwoglassesofmilk.而作为物质名词"玻璃"讲则要用作不可数名词，如：Theboybroketwopanesofglass.go［误］-Mary,couldyoucometomyhomenow?-Yes,I'mgoing.［正］-Mary,couldyoucometomyhomenow?-Yes,I'mcoming.［析］go是指离开说话人所在地，而come指的是朝向说话人的方向：如：Comehere!CanIcome62\nandhelpyou?但在口语中也有一些例外，如表示要参加到某人或者某件活动时常用come,如：Wearegoingtohaveapartytonight.Wouldyouliketocomewithus?gonebeenHehasgonetoShanghai.指此人已去上海不在此地了。HehasbeentoShanghai.指此人去过上海现已回来了。gold［误］Shebrushedhergoldhaircarefully.［正］Shebrushedhergoldenhaircarefully.［析］gold作形容词指"金质的"，如：agoldring，agoldcoin，而golden是"金色的"，如：goldenage(金色的时代)，但"金鱼"例外，为goldfish。good［误］I'vebeenwaitingforgoodtwentyminutes.［正］I'vebeenwaitingforagoodtwentyminutes.［析］agood之意为"足足"、"整整"之意。goodwellHeisgood.应译为"他是个好人。"而Heiswell.应译为"他身体不错。"Ifeelgood.即精神状态良好，而Ifeelwell.即身体状况不错。［误］Thisfoodisverygoodtoyou.［正］Thisfoodisverygoodforyou.［析］begoodfor是"对……有利、有好处"，而begoodto是指"对待某人不错"，如：Yourfriendisverygoodtome.grade［误］-Whatgradeareyouin?-I'mingrade1.［正］-Whatgradeareyouin?-I'minGread1.［析］当泛指那一年级时grade的头一个字母小写，当有具体数字时则要大写。Hhadbetter［误］Youhavebetterhurry.［正］Youhadbetterhurry.［析］hadbetter只用过去时had，不要误用成现在时have。［误］Youhadn'tbetterworry.［正］Youhadbetternotworry.［析］hadbetter后面加不带to的不定式，其否定式是"hadbetternot+动词原形"。half［误］Ihaddrivenabouthalfmile.［正］Ihaddrivenabouthalfamile.［析］"半小时"有两种讲法halfanhour,ahalfhour.而"一个半小时"应讲anhourandahalf或oneandahalfhours."半天"应讲halfaday，"半镑"应讲halfapound.但要尽量避免使用halfayear，而应用sixmonths；不用halfamonth,而用twoweeks或fifteendays.［误］Halfuscouldgotothepark.［正］Halfofuscouldgotothepark.［析］half用于名词前可用of结构也可不用of结构，但用于代词前则必须加of。如：Morethanhalf(of)myclassmatesareboys.62\n［误］Oneandhalfapplesareleftonthetable.［正］Oneandhalfapplesisleftonthetable.［析］一个半oneandhalf后面的名词要用复数，而句中的谓语动词却要用单数。［误］Halfoftheworkaredone.［正］Halfoftheworkisdone.［误］Halfofthesixapplesisred.［正］Halfofthesixapplesarered.［析］"halfof+名词"这一结构后面的谓语动词应与of后面的名词相一致，如为不可数名词或可数名词单数，要用单数谓语动词；而复数名词后面要加与复数相对应的谓语动词。hand［误］Heshookhandwithhisteacher.［正］Heshookhandswithhisteacher.［析］与某人握手要用shakehands.与hand有关的词组中有很多要用复数形式，如：changehands(转手、易手)，inthehandsof(由……控制)，joinhands(与人合作)。happen［误］Whatwashappenedtoyoulastmonth?［正］Whathappenedtoyoulastmonth?［误］Anaccidentwashappenedinthisstreetlastnight.［正］Anaccidenthappenedinthisstreetlastnight.［析］在英语中不及物动词没有被动态，作为"发生"讲的happen，takeplace和breakout都不具有被动态。happento常用来表达一件偶然发生的事，如：Ifyouhappentomeetmysisterpleaseaskhertocallme.hard［误］Ihavetostudyhardly.［正］Ihavetostudyhard.［析］hard是形容词，如：ahardwork，但它同时也是副词。hardly是hard的又一副词形式，但词意截然不同，意为"几乎不"。［误］Ihadmylegbrokenlastterm，soIcouldn'thardlystudyatall.［正］IhadmylegbrokenlasttermsoIhardlystudiedatall.［析］hardly意为"否定"，所以不要再加否定词语了，如果hardly用于句首则应采用倒装语序，如：Hardlyhadhearrivedwhenshestartedcomplaining.have［误］Ihadmyboydohishomeworkfrommorningtillnoon.［正］Ihadmyboydoinghishomeworkfrommorningtillnoon.［析］用havesomebodydosomething还是doingsomething要取决句子的意思和句中的时间状语。［误］Ihavemybiketorepair.［正］Ihavemybikerepaired.［析］havesomethingdone这一句型是让某事被别人去作，请看下面两句意义的不同：Ihaverepairedmybike.(我自己已修好了自行车。)而Ihavemybikerepaired.(我把车推出去让别人修理了。)［误］Couldyougivemesomemoneyifyouhave.［正］Couldyougivemesomemoneyifyouhaveany.［析］"如果你有的话"一句译为英文应加上any一词，如：Iwantsomebooksifthereisany.headache62\n［误］I'vegotheadache.［正］I'vegotaheadache.［析］Headache是一个规则的可数名词，所以可以讲：Mymotheroftengetsheadaches.但是"牙痛"toothache，"肚子痛"stomacheache等却都可以用作不可数名词，如：I'vegottoothache.但也可用作可数名词。hear［误］Hewasheardsinginthenextroom.［正］Hewasheardtosinginthenextroom.［析］hearsomebodydosomething这一句式用于被动语态时要把原来省略的不定式to还原回来。而在hearsomebodydoingsomething这一句式中则不会出现上述问题。如，主动态：Iheardhersinginginthenextroom.变为被动态时为：Shewasheardsinginginthenextroom.这种用法还适用于see,look,observe,watch,notice,listento等。hearlistentohear一词为听见了什么，或听到什么，强调其结果；而listento则强调有意要听，听的倾向。如：Iwanttolistentoyou,butIhearnothing.但词组hearabout(of)则为"听说过"之意，如：Iheardaboutthis.(我听说过此事。)而hearfrom则为"收到某人信件"之意：Ioftenhearfrommygirlfriend.help［误］Pleasehelpmyhomework.［正］Pleasehelpmedomyhomework.［正］Pleasehelpmewithmyhomework.［析］help其句型是helpsomebodydo(todo)something.意为"帮某人作某事"，但在较古老的语法中不带to的不定式表示句子的主语参加这个动作，如：Hehelphismothercookthemeal.即"他和母亲一起作饭。"而Hehelpmetodomyhomework.则是"他指导我做作业"。但在现代英语中这个区别则往往被取消了。所以带to与不带to的不定式在句中意思相同，并无区别。［误］WhenIreadtheplayIcan'thelptothinkofmychildhood.［正］WhenIreadtheplayIcan'thelpthinkingofmychildhood.［析］can'thelpdoingsomething是"身不由己，情不自禁做某事"。［误］Helpyourselfwithsomecakes.［正］Helpyourselftosomecakes.［析］中文中讲"你自己拿蛋糕吃"，英文中要用helpsomebodytosomething.here［误］Herethebuscomes!［正］Herecomesthebus!［析］副词在句首时一般要用倒装语序，即谓语动词的位置前移。但是，若主语如是人称代词，则还是要用正常语序，如：Hereweare!high［误］Heisveryhigh.［正］Heisverytall.［析］英语中的两个"高"high和tall，其中tall指人指物都是可以的，但high则只指物体的高，所以可以讲Thisbuildingisthehighestbuildinginthecity.但tall一般不用来指山脉的高低。hit［误］Themothergotangryandhittheboy.62\n［正］Themothergotangryandbeattheboy.［析］hit指打到某物之上，一般指一次性打击，如Hehithisheadagainstthewall.(他把头撞到了墙上。)而beat则指多次性的打击。home［误］I'mtired.It'stimeIwenttohome.［正］I'mtired.It'stimeIwenthome.［析］home此处用作副词，所以不应加to，又如：Iarrivedhomeateleventhirtyyesterdayevening.而athome除了"在家"之意外，还有像"在家里一样"之意。如Makeyourselfathome.(不要拘束就像在家一样。)homehousefamilyhome是指与亲人一起居住的地方，可以讲aletterfromhome，所以有人解释home包括住处和家人。而house的侧重点则在建筑物，如Manynewhouseswerebuiltthisyear.family一词，作为整体讲其谓语动词用单数，如：Herfamilyisahappyone.而作为家庭成员讲时要用复数谓语动词，如：Myfamilyarealllikeswimming.homgwork［误］Ihavesomanyhomeworktodotoday.［正］Ihavesomuchhomeworkgodotoday.［析］homework为不可数名词。同样的词还有work(work作为"著作"、"作品"、"工厂"讲时为可数名词)，fun，healthinformation等。hope［误］Ihopeyoutobeagoodstudent.［正］Ihopeyouwillbeagoodstudent.［析］hope一词不能接宾语再加上宾语补足语，但它可以接不定式作宾语，如：Ihopetobeascientist.而wish却可以接宾语加宾语补足语，如：Iwishyoutobeagoodstudent.［误］Idon'thopeyouwillgototheparktomorrow.［正］Ihopeyouwon'tgototheparktomorrow.［析］hope和think在否定句中的用法不同，如"我认为你错了"。应译为：Idon'tthinkyouareright.即否定在前。而hope则不能这样用。又如在答语中"我不这样认为"应译为Idon'tthinkso.或Ihopenot.［误］Ihopeyourhelp.［正］Ihopeforyourhelp.［析］hopefor为"期望某事发生"，虽然hope是及物动词，但表达期望某事情发生要用"hopefor+名词"这一结构。［误］Iwashopefultopasstheexam.［正］Iwashopefulofpassingtheexam.［析］对某事存有希望应用"hopefulof(about)+介词宾语"这一结构。hospital［误］Mymotherwasinthehospitalfortwoweeks.［正］Mymotherwasinhospitalfortwoweeks.［析］inhospital为"住院就医"。而in(at)thehospital为"在医院(工作)"。如：Heisadoctorin(at)thehospital.类似的用法还有很多，如："上学"为gotoschool，atschool为"在校就读"，gotobed为"上床睡觉"。how［误］Iwanttoknowhowtodo.62\n［正］Iwanttoknowhowtodoit.［析］how是关联副词，要注意与关联代词的不同用法。如：Iwanttoknowwhattodo.［误］Howdoyouthinkaboutit?［正］Whatdoyouthinkaboutit?［析］英文中表达你对某事的看法如何应用Whatdoyouthinkabout…这一句式。hurry［误］Let'shurry.Thereisalittletimeleft.［正］Let'shurry.Thereislittletimeleft.［误］Don'tworry.Thereislittletimeleft.［正］Don'tworry.Thereisalittletimeleft.［析］请注意英语中的惯用法："快点吧，没时间了"，或"别着急还有一点时间。"［误］Thecarishurryingthroughthestreet.［正］Thecarisrushingthroughtthestreet.［析］hurry一词只用于人而不用于物体。hundred［误］Therearetwohundredspeoplehere.［正］Therearetwohundredpeoplehere.［误］Therearehundredofpeoplehere.［正］Therearehundredsofpeoplehere.［析］hundred一词前如有数字时不论多少其后都不加s，这和thousand(千)等数量词的用法一样，而hundredsof是数百的，这一词组一定要加s.hurt［误］Idon'twanttowoundherfeelings.［正］Idon'twanttohurtherfeelings.［析］wound是指战场上的刀枪伤(名词)，或用刀枪"伤害"、"打伤"(动词)。Iif［误］IfitwillrainIwon'tgotoschooltomorrow.［正］IfitrainsIwon'tgotoschooltomorrow.［析］由if引起的状语从句要用一般时表示将来。［误］Iwanttoknowifhecomesheretomorrow.［正］Iwanttoknowifhewillcomeheretomorrow.［析］if所引起的如果是宾语从句则不能用一般现在时表示将来。［误］Iwanttoknowifitwillraintomorrowhewillcomeornot.［正］Iwanttoknowifitrainstomorrowhewillcomeornot.［析］这里的if从句是整个宾语从句的条件状语，所以，还应用一般时表示将来。ill［误］Hespentmanyyearslookingafterhisillfather.［正］Hespentmanyyearslookingafterhissickfather.［析］ill和sick都可以作表语，如：I'mill(sick).美国英语中常用sick，而英国英语中两者都可用，但ill一般不作定语。in［误］Inacoldmorning,Iwenttoschoolalone.62\n［正］Onacoldmorning,Iwenttoschoolalone.［析］在inthemorning或intheafternoon词组中，不论在这两个名词的前或后加任何修饰词，其介词in都要变为on.［误］Iwillfinishitaftertwodays.［正］Iwillfinishitintwodays.［析］中文中几天以后可以完成，或几天后来取，在译为英文时都不要用after，而要用in.如：Hewillbebackinafewdays.ininto作为副词应用in，而不能用into，如：Comein,please.又若在句中不涉及到动词的位置，只是表达空间的位置时用in，如：Theteacherintheofficeismymother.但在go,run,come,walk,dive等词后则要用into.如：Shedivesintotheriver.instead［误］Theboystayedinbedalldayinsteadtogotoschool.［正］Theboystayedinbedalldayinsteadofgoingtoschool.［析］insteadof其后要接动名词、名词或代词，而不能用不定式，如：Ichoosethisbookinsteadofthatone.［误］Thebeerhereisnotgood,soIdrinkwineinsteadofit.［正］Thebeerhereisnotgood,soIdrinkwineinstead.［析］instead是副词，而insteadof是介词短语。如：Ifyouarenotfree,youmaycomeanotherdayinstead.interest［误］Hehasagreatinterestforphysics.［正］Hehasagreatinterestinphysics.［误］Hehassomeinterestinmanycompanies.［正］Hehassomeinterestsinmanycompanies.［析］interest作为"兴趣"讲可用作不可数名词，但作为"利息"、"股份"讲时为可数名词。［误］Thisisaninterestedbook.［正］Thisisaninterestingbook.［析］修饰物时应用interesting,如，aninterestingfilm，而讲某人对某事感兴趣时要用过去分词interested，如：I'minterestedinthisplay.但"他是一个十分有趣的人"。应译为Heisaninterestingman.所以interesting是"令人感兴趣"之意，而interested则表示某人对某事物感兴趣，多用"beinterestedinsomething"这一句型。invent［误］AmericawasinventedbyChristopherColumbusin1492.［正］AmericawasdiscoveredbyChristopherColumbusin1492.［析］invent意为"发明"即从无到有，如：CompasswasinventedbytheChinesepeople.而discover则意为"发现"。it［误］Thattakesmetenyearstofinishthiswork.［正］Ittakesmetenyearstofinishthiswork.［析］it在这个句中的语法作用是形式主语，而真正的主语是句子后面的不定式。有的句子要用it作形式主语或形式宾语，如：IthinkitdifficulttolearnEnglishwell.J62\njoin［误］Didyouattendthefootballclub?［正］Didyoujointhefootballclub?［析］join经常用于参加某个团体、政党，并作为其中的一个成员；attend则重点强调出会议、到场，而不一定进行具体活动，如：Didyouattendthemeetingyesterday?而takepartin则强调参与某些具体活动或运动，如：Itakepartinthefootballgame.just［误］Ihavefinishedmyworkjustnow.［正］Ifinishedmyworkjustnow.［析］justnow意义"刚才"，所以句中的谓语动词要用过去式。［误］JustIwonthegame.［正］Ijustwonthegame.［析］just单独使用时不应放在句首，而应放于①be动词之后，如：Heisjustastudent.②名词与一般动词之间。③用在第一助动词之后，如：Ihavejustreturnedhome.但just与其他词组成词组时，如justnow,justthen,则可用于句首和句尾。如：Justthenhesawthebuscoming.justjustlyjust常用于三种含意：①恰好，如：It'sjustfiveo'clock.②仅仅，相当于only,如：Ihavejustenoughmoneytobuyadictionary.③不久前，如：Ijustmissedmyoldfriend;Heleftafewminutesago.而justly其意为"公正的"，如：Hewasjustlypunishedforhiscrimes.Ｋkeep［误］Shewaskeepingsomethingtoherfather.［正］Shewaskeepingsomethingfromherfather.［析］"对某人隐瞒某事"要用"keepsomethingfromsomebody"句型。［误］Hekepttorepeatthewordagainandagain.［正］Hekeptrepeatingthewordagainandagain.［析］keepdoingsomething为连续不断地做某事。有时可以与keepondoingsomething互换。它们的区别在于keepdoingsomething意为该动作一直不停地在进行中，如：Whenthetrainstarted,shekeptwavingherhand.而keepondoingsomething则表示该动作可能停停顿顿但却一直在进行中，如：Hekeptonmakingthesamemistakesingrammar.［误］Wemustkeepupthetimes.［正］Wemustkeepupwiththetimes.［析］这句话意为"我们必须赶上时代"，keepupwith是"赶上"之意，而keepup则是"坚持下去"的意思，如：Keepitup,don'tstopnow!key［误］Ilostthekeyofthedoor.［正］Ilostthekeytothedoor.［析］英语中讲某某的东西一般要用of，而key,entrance,answer则多用to，如："门的钥匙"为keytothedoor,"高速公路入口"为entrancetothehighway,"问题的答案"为theanswer(key)tothequestion.kind62\n［误］Thiskindofbooksarenotgood.［正］Thiskindofbooksisnotgood.［析］kind在这种句式中应作为主语，如果讲Thosekindsofbooksareverygood.则是正确的。kindsorttypekind和sort为同义词，意为"种类"，而type则为"型号"，如：Whattypeofthiscardoyouwant?(你想要这种车的什么型号?)knock［误］Someonewasknockingthedoor.［正］Someonewasknockingatthedoor.［析］knock虽可以作及物动词，如：Thecarknockedaholeinthefence.但作"敲门"讲一定要用作不及物动词：knockat(on)thedoor.know［误］Iwanttoknowtoplaythisgame.［正］Iwanttoknowhowtoplaythisgame.［析］要注意英语中在不定式前加疑问代词或疑问副词的用法。如：Iwanttoknowhowtodoit/whattodo/whentodoit/wheretogo.knowknowofIknowhim.为"我很了解他。"而Iknowofhim.则为"我听说过他。"同样的用法还有hear和hearof这一词组。Llarge［误］Hefoundalargenumberofmistakeinhishomework.［正］Hefoundalargenumberofmistakesinhishomework.［析］"alargenumberof+复数名词"，意为大量的。last［误］Thisisthenewestnews.［正］Thisisthelatestnews.［析］"最新消息"应为latestnews，因为最晚到的新闻才是最新消息，请注意英语与汉语的区别。lastthelast［误］Isawmybrotherthelastweek.［正］Isawmybrotherlastweek.［析］当谈到与目前有关的上月、上星期等概念时只能用lastmonth,lastweek,而不能加定冠词，thelast可用于表示一系列词的最后一个，如：ThatwasthelastChristmasIspentathome.但thelast可以用来表示持续到现在的一个长时期，如：Iambusyforthelastweek.late［误］YesterdayIwenthomelately.［正］YesterdayIwenthomelate.［析］late即可做形容词又可作副词；而lately则意为"最近的"，如：Ihaven'tseenherlately.latelatterlaterlatelylate有两个比较级，指时间较晚应用later，如口语中常讲：Seeyoulater.(一会见。)而latter则指按顺序讲的后者，或靠后的，其反意词为former，如：theformerpresident(前总统)。又如：Icanunderstandthelatterpartofthestory.而lately则意为"近来"、"不久前"。62\nlaughedatbyhisclassmates.中的at是不可省掉的。laughover则指"笑着谈论"某事，如Welaughoverthefilm.(我们笑着谈论那个电影。)lay［误］Weliedonthebeach.［正］Welayonthebeach.［析］英文中有三个动词易混，在考试中也频频出现，它们的现在式，过去式，过去分词以及现在分词是：lay(vt.放)laidlaidlayinglie(vi.躺)laylaincyinglie(vi.说谎)liedliedlyinglearn［误］Theteachersaid："Youmuststudythispoembyheart."［正］Theteachersaid："Youmustlearnthispoembyheart."［析］study与learn在作"学习"讲时，常常可以互换，但learn侧重于学习成果或初级阶段的模仿性学习，如：Thelittlebabyislearningtowalk.而study则多侧重于学习的过程，如：I'mstudyingatthiscollege.而learn…byheart则是"记住"、"背诵"之意。leave［误］I'llleaveBeijingtoShanghai.［正］I'llleaveBeijingforShanghai.［析］leavefor一词组为"去某地"，如对话中常讲I'llleaveforShanghai.因所离开的地点是双方都知道的则可以省略。leaveforget［误］I'veforgottenmyhomeworkathome.［正］I'veforgottenmyhomework.［正］I'veleftmyhomeworkathome.［析］如果句中有地点状语则不要用forget,而要用leave.lesson［误］IhavetwolessonsofEnglish.［正］IhavetwoEnglishlessons.［正］IhavetwolessonsinEnglish.［析］"我有两节英语课。"这一表达法如上，但美国老师讲他有两节课时则多用"Ihavetwoclasses."teachsomebodyalesson为"教训某人"，或"要吸取教训"，如：Letthisthingteachesyoualesson.lend［误］Pleaseborrowmeyourbike.［正］Pleaselendmeyourbike.［析］borrow是指"借入"，如：Iwanttoborrowsomebooksfromthelibrary.lend是"借出"，如：Icanlendyoumybike.而keep为"借多久"：如HowlongcanIkeepit?less［误］Hehasfewermoneythanshehas.［正］Hehaslessmoneythanshehas.［析］less是little的比较级，而fewer是few的比较级。要注意前者修饰不可数名词，而后者修饰可数名词。let62\n［误］Theteacherletsthestudentscleantheclassroomasapunishment.［正］Theteachermakesthestudentscleantheclassroomasapunishment.［析］虽然let,have,make有相同的用法，但make和have含有迫使某人做某事的意思。［误］Let'sgotothepark,willyou?［正］Let'sgotothepark,shallwe?［误］Letusgotothepark,shallwe?［正］Letusgotothepark,willyou?［析］Let'sgo的反意疑问句是shallwe?而Letusgo的反意疑问句则是willyou?life［误］ManypeoplelosttheirlifeintheSecondWorldWar.［正］ManyPeoplelosttheirlivesintheSecondWorldWar.［析］life作为"生命"、"性命"时应为可数名词；当泛指一般"生活"讲时则为不可数名词，如：Whichdoyouprefer,townlifeorcountrylife?又如：Lifeisnotallfun.light［误］Thereisadeskwithalitlamponit.［正］Thereisadeskwithalightedlamponit.［析］light有两个过去分词：lighted和lit，当用过去分词作形容词当定语时只能用lighted.light可以用作名词，如：Themoongetsitslightfromthesun.也可以作形容词，如：Theclassroomisverylight.还可以作动词，如：Thelittlegirllitamatch.作形容词时还有"轻"、"浅"等意，如：Thisboxislight.Ilikelightblue.like［误］Mysisterisveryasme.［正］Mysisterisverylikeme.［析］as作为连词其后要接从句，如：Sheisagoodstudentashisbrotherusedtobe.而like是介词，其后接宾语。［误］Doyoulikeswimmingwithmetonight.［正］Wouldyouliketoswimwithmetonight.［析］like作为动词当"喜欢"讲时，其后面可接不定式也可接动名词，用不定式多表达一个一次性的动作，如：I'msorryIdon'tliketogoswimmingtonight.用动名词则表示一个习惯性的动作，如：Ilikeswimmingverymuch.likealike作为形容词，alike一般不作定语，而只作表语，如；Thetwinsareveryalike.［误］Wouldyoulikeswimmingwithus?［正］Wouldyouliketoswimwithus?［析］在wouldyoulike…这一句型中，其后面只能接不定式，而不能接动名词。like的用法还要注意以下两点：①HelikesTom.为"他喜欢汤姆。"②HeislikeTom.为"他像汤姆。"第二句话的like为介词，而第一句话的like为动词。listen［误］Youshouldheartheteahcer'sadvice.［正］Youshouldlistentotheteacher'sadvice.［析］hear多侧重于听到某事或某种声音，而listento则侧重于听的倾向性。如：Welistenbuthearnothing.例句为"听取某人意见"，所以只能用listentosomeone'sadvice.little［误］Don'tworry,thereislittletime.62\n［正］Don'tworry,thereisalittletime.［误］Thereisalittlewater.ShallIgetsome?［正］Thereislittlewater.ShallIgetsome?［析］要注意中英文在同一问题上的表达法是不同的。如中文"水不多了，我去取点吧。"英文要讲"没水了，我去取点吧。"littlesmalllittle与small是近义词，在作定语时常常可以互换，如：alittlegirl或asmallgirl,但little一般不作表语，如：Thecaroverthereissmall.一句中不要用little.作定语时little常常带有感情色彩，而small则带有对比的含义。live［误］Tomliveswithhisparents'money.［正］Tomlivesonhisparents'money.［误］Helivesonteaching.［正］Helivesbyteaching.［析］"靠吃某物为生"应用liveonsomething,而liveby是"靠某种生活手段为生"。livingaliveliving侧重于生活得很好，身体不错，如：Mygrandfatherisstilllivinginhiseighties.而alive则强调没有死而是活着的，如：Isthatcataliveordead?lonely［误］Shewantedtodoherhomeworklonely.［正］Shewantedtodoherhomeworkalone.［析］lonely意为"寂寞的"、"孤单的"，如：Theoldmanfeltlonely.alone则意为"独自的"、"单独的"，如：Helivesalonebuthedoesn'tfeellonely.long［误］Ihavebeenstudyinglongfortheexam.［正］Ihavebeenstudyingforalongtimefortheexam.［析］long用作表达时间的副词时，在否定句及疑问句中最常用，但在肯定句中除与so,too,as…as连用外，一般要用foralongtime.［误］I'llcallyouaslongasthebookwillbereturned.［正］I'llcallyouaslongasthebookisreturned.［析］as…as引导的状语从句中可以用一般现在时表示将来。［误］Howlongdoyougotoseeyourparents?Onceaweek.［正］Howoftendoyougotoseeyourparents?Onceaweek.［析］因为答语为每周一次所以问的是频率，要用howoften.looklookforfindlookfor侧重于"寻找"这个动作，如：Whatareyoulookingfor?而find则侧重于结果，如：Itisverydifficulttofindajob.这里不能用lookfor，因为真正困难的是"找到"工作。其他用法还有：［例］Heoftenlooksbackonhishighschooldays.［析］lookbackonsomething为"回顾"、"回想"。［例］Iwishyouwouldn'tlookdownon(upon)thechildren'swork.［析］lookdownon(upon)为"看不起"某人或某事。［误］I'mlookingforwardtoseeyou.62\n［正］I'mlookingforwardtoseeingyou.［析］lookforwardto词组中的to是介词，所以其后要加名词或动名词，不能接不定式。lot［误］Icanbuythisdictionarynow,becauseIhavegotmuchmoney.［正］IcanbuythisdictionarynowbecauseIhavegotalotofmoney.［析］muchmoney多用于疑问句与否定句中，而在肯定句中要用alotof.lotsof与alotof之间无多大区别，两者都可以修饰可数与不可数名词，所以常常可以互换。［误］Heismorehappiernow.［正］Heisalothappiernow.［析］不可用more来修饰比较级，能修饰比较级的词有verymuch,alot,lots,any,no,rather,alittle,abit等。loudloudly这两个词含意相同，在日常用语中loud多与talk，speak,shout,laugh等动词连用，如：Don'tspeaksoloud，you'llwakethebaby.而在比较正式的场合才用loudly.loudaloudloud多指把声音放大，而aloud则指要出声不要默读。如：-Whatdidyousay?-Oh,nothing,Iwasjustthinkaloud.(我只不过自言自语。)Ｍmake［误］Thelittleboywasmaderepeatthewholestory.［正］Thelittleboywasmadetorepeatthewholestory.［误］Thefathermadehissontodohishomeworkfrommorningtillnight.［正］Thefathermadehissondohishomeworkfrommorningtillnight.［析］make的句型为"makesomebodydo(doing)something".但在被动语态中原来被省去的不定式符号to要被还原回来。［误］Ialwaysdothismistake.［正］Ialwaysmakethismistake.［析］英语中do和make是十分不易弄清的两个动词，do常用于谈论工作时或某种不确定的活动时，如：doafavour(帮个忙)，doone'sbest(竭尽全力)，dogood(有益)，doharm(有害)，而多数情况下常用make,如：makeasuggestion,makeacake,makeabed(收拾床)，makeanoise,makemoney等等。［误］Thiswinewasmadeofgrapes.［正］Thiswinewasmadefromgrapes.［析］当成品制成后，其原料的性质有所改变时应用makefrom，否则用makeof，如：Thisdoorwasmadeofiron.［误］Hardworkcanoftenmakeupalackofintelligence.［正］Hardworkcanoftenmakeupforalackofintelligence.［析］makeup是"创造"、"编织"，而makeupfor是"弥补……的不足之处"。上句应译为"勤奋工作可以弥补天资的不足。"［误］Wemadeupourmindtostudyhard.［正］Wemadeupourmindstostudyhard.［析］mind这里是可数名词，使用时要特别予以注意makeupone'smind是"下定决心"之意。［误］Ourclassismadeoftwentygirlsandtwentyoneboys.62\n［正］Ourclassismadeupoftwentygirlsandtwentyoneboys.［析］makeupof…是"某物由……组成或构成"。many［误］Ihavemanyfriends.［正］Ihavealotoffriends.［析］many和much多用于疑问句或否定句中，而在肯定句中则用处不多，尤其在非正式谈话中。如：-Howmuchmoneyhaveyougot?-I'vegotplenty.［误］Youboughtmuchtootomatoes.［正］Youboughttoomanytomatoes.［析］toomany后接可数名词，toomuch后接不可数名词，而muchtoo后面接形容词，意为"太多"。［误］Formanyaweeksitrainedalot.［正］Formanyaweekitrainedalot.［析］manya意为"好多"、"许多"，但其后面要加单数名词。matter［误］Nomatterwhatyoudid.［正］Nomatterwhatyoudid,Itrustedyou.［析］Nomatter是个词组，意为"不论"，它的语法功能是起连接作用，所以不能用于一个单独的句子。itdoesn'tmatter这个词组则不是一个连接词组，所以可以和一个单句连用，如：Itdoesn'tmaterwhatyousay.(你说什么都不要紧。)maybe［误］Maybeheisright.［正］Maybeheisright.［析］maybe是副词，不要错用为maybe.maybeperhaps这两个词的词意一样，maybe常用于非正式谈话，而perhaps则多用在正式文体中。如：Maybe/Perhapstheweatherwillgetbetter.而JuliusCaesarisperhapsthegreatestofShakespeare'searlyplays.mend［误］Iwanttohavemybikemended.［正］Iwanttohavemybikerepaired.［析］mend意为"缝补"，如：Mymothermendedmycoat.而repair是"修理"。mind［误］Couldyoumindtoclosethedoor?［正］Couldyoumindclosingthedoor?［误］Trytomakeupyourmindstudyinghard.［正］Trytomakeupyourmindtostudyhard.［析］mind用作动词时，其后加动名词；而用作名词意为"下定决心"时，其后要加不定式。要注意DoyoumindifIsmoke?的答语：如果你不介意，应回答"No,goahead."如果你不想让对方吸烟，则应讲"Yes,pleasedon't."miss62\n［误］Ifoundmybagmissed.［正］Ifoundmybagmissing.［析］missing为形容词，其意为"不见了"、"丢了"。在句中用作宾语补足语时不要误用missed，它作动词时多为及物动词，要接名词或动名词，而不接不定式。如：Imissedthefirsttrain,Idon'twanttomissseeingthefamousfootballplayer.在作补足语讲某物"不见了"时有missing,gone,lost等，如：Ifoundmybagmissing(gone,lost).mistake［误］Itookyourpenbywrong.［正］Itookyourpenbymistake.［析］bymistake是"错拿了"、"误拿了"你的东西。wrong意为"错误"，而bymistake为"弄混了"。如：［误］IfI'mnotwrong,youareMrBrown.［正］IfI'mnotmistaken,youareMrBrown.(如果我没弄错的话，您是Brown先生。)［误］Theteachersalwaysmistookmeasmybrother.［正］Theteachersalwaysmistookmeformybrother.［析］mistake…for…是"错把……当作……"之意，如：Itookyourbookformine.more［误］Thisbookismorebetterthanthatone.［正］Thisbookismuchbetterthanthatone.［析］不能用比较级来修饰比较级，而应用much,rather等来修饰比较级。［误］Moreyouread,moreyoulearn.［正］Themoreyouread,themoreyoulearn.［析］在"越……越……的"表达法中，形容词的比较级前要加定冠词。请注意morethanone这个词组的后面要跟单数名词和单数谓语动词。如：Morethanonestudentisgoingtodoparttimejobafterschool.nomorethannotmorethannomorethan应译为"只不过"、"才"，如：Hewrotenomorethanthreebooks.即他真正写了三本书。而notmorethan则意为"不会多于"，如：Hewrotenotmorethanthreebooks.即他写的书不会多于三本。又如：Heisnoshorterthanyou.应译为"你和他都不矮"，而Heisnotshorterthanyou.才应译为"他比你高。"most［误］MostofstudentsaregoodatEnglish.［正］MostofthestudentsaregoodatEnglish.［正］MoststudentsaregoodatEnglish.［析］mostof这一结构后面的名词前一定要有一个限定词。［误］Myfriendsaremostteachers.［正］Myfriendsaremostlyteachers.［析］mostly意为"大部分的"，"主要的"。much［误］Theboywasasleepverymuch.［正］Theboywasfastasleep.［析］不是所有的形容词都可以用very来修饰，如fastasleep意为"熟睡"，则是固定搭配。像interesting,exciting,surprising这些形容词化的现在分词，以及tired,interested这些形容词化的过去分词则要用very来修饰。62\nmust［误］Hemustbeintheoffice,andmustn'tgohome.［正］Hemustbeintheoffice,andcan'tgohome.［析］must加动词原形为对事情的肯定推测，而否定的推测则要用can't加动词原形。［误］Itmusthaverainednow.［正］Itmusthaverainedyesterday.［析］"must+have+过去分词"为对过去发生事情的推测。这句话应译为"昨天一定是下雨了。"又如：Imustgoandcallhim.Hemusthaveforgottenit.musthavetomust用来表示说话者觉得某件事有必要去做，如Imuststopsmoking.其意为：我自己认为我要戒烟；而haveto则多用来表达由于来自外界的因素而不得不去做的事，如：Ihavetogotoschooltomorrow.must无过去式，当用在讲过去某件必须要做的事时要用hadto,如：WhenIwasyoung,Ihadtogotothefactory.在否定句中mustn't意为：一定不要做某事，如：Youmustn'ttellthistoTom.而haven'tto则多意为没有必要去做，如：Youdon'thavetotellthistoTom.而英语中多用needn't来取代haven'tto.myself［误］Ican'tplaypingpongmyself.［正］Ican'tplaypingpongbymyself.［析］第一句并无语法错误，myself为"我亲自要去"，而bymyself为"独自一人"。这句话要表达的意思是"我一个人无法打乒乓球。"而Iwanttoplaypingpongmyself.应译为"我自己想去打乒乓球。"Ｎname［误］Shewasnamedofaflower.［正］Shewasnamedafteraflower.［析］以……命名应为nameafter，又如给某人取名应为ThefathernamedhissonTom.near［误］Wecameneartohithim.［正］Wecameneartohittinghim.［析］这句话应译为"我们几乎要打他一顿。"nearto这一用法中to为介词，其后要接宾语，所以要接名词或动名词。near作介词时其后可加to也可不加to，如：Isitnearthedoor,Isitneartothefire.bynearWelivednearthecity.与Welivedbythecity.两句话都是对的，但其表达的意义有所不同，by在表达距离时比near更近，所以bythecity是紧靠近某城市。need［误］Thisroomneedstoclean.［正］Thisroomneedstobecleaned.［正］Thisroomneedscleaning.［析］在表达某事需要做什么时，need后面如用不定式要用其被动态，如接动名词则要用主动态。［误］Weneednottodoit.［正］Weneedn'tdoit.［析］need用在否定句、疑问句中一般用作情态动词，所以无人称变化也不加to62\n，而在肯定句中则多用作实意动词，如：Weneedyourhelp.neither［误］Noneofmyparentsisateacher.［正］Neitherofmyparentsisateacher.［析］对两者的否定不能用none只能用neither,none用于三人以上的情况。［误］Idon'tdomyhomework.Neitherhedoes.［正］Idon'tdomyhomework.Neitherdoeshe.［析］这时应用倒装句。［误］NeitheryounorIareright.［正］NeitheryounorIamright.［析］neither…nor…这一句型在应用时其谓语动词应以邻近的主语一致。［误］Neitherhestudiesnorplays.［正］Neitherdoeshestudynorplay.［析］neither,hardly,seldom等否定词位于句首时，谓语动词采用倒装形式。never［误］NeverIhavebrokenmyword.［正］NeverhaveIbrokenmyword.［析］never用于句首时起强调作用，要用倒装语序。但用于句中一般放于情态动词、助动词、或be动词后面，如：Ishallneverforgottheexpressiononherface.Losttimeisneverfoundagain.用于成语中，如：Betterlatethannever.(晚做比不做强。)nevermind没关系，如："Whatdidyousay?""Oh,nevermind."news［误］Therearemanynewsabouttheaccident.［正］Thereismuchnewsabouttheaccident.［析］news是不可数名词，它没有复数形式，如果讲一条新闻要用apieceofnews.newspaper［误］Ireadthenewsontoday'snewspaper.［正］Ireadthenewsintoday'snewspaper.［析］在报纸上读到某一条新闻一定要用介词in，而onthenewspaper是指把某物放于报纸之上，如：MayIputthefloweronthisnewspaper?night［误］Icamehomeverylateyesterdaynight.［正］Icamehomeverylatelastnight.［析］"昨晚"一般要讲lastnight，而不应参照"昨天上午、下午、傍晚"的说法yesterdaymorning等套用。nononeno是个限定词，它可以用在可数名词单复数或不可数名词前，如：Nonewsisgoodnews.但如果名词前有另一限定词时则不能用no，而要用noneof，如Noneofthestudentswashere.nonot要使句子具有部分否定的意思，我们用not，如：Icanseeyoutomorrow,butnotSunday.如果是全部否定则用no，如Sorry,thereisnotimetotalk.Noonenonenoone与nobody一样不能接of结构，如：Noonewishedmegoodluck.而要用of结构时要用none,如：Noneofmyfriendswishedmegoodluck.62\nnor［误］Ineversawthepaintingbefore,ordidIhearofit.［正］Ineversawthepaintingbefore,notdidIhearofit.［析］注意在表达"既不……也不……"时不要用or作连词，而要用nor，并且要用倒装语序。not［误］Thestudentswenttothepark,butnotheteachers.［正］Thestudentswenttothepark,butnottheteachers.［析］要使一个句子或一个句子的某一部分为否定时我们要用not,而不用no.［误］Thereisnomylettertoday.［正］Thereisnoletterformetoday.［析］no是一个限定词，用在名词前时，要注意这个名词前应没有冠词、物主代词或指示代词。［误］Henotonlywasawriterbutalsoanactor.［正］Hewasnotonlyawriterbutalsoanactor.［析］在这一句型中notonly之后的词与butalso之后的词类必须一致，否则应为错句。如果这一结构用在主语位置，则谓语动词要与butalso后面的主语保持一致，如：NotonlyyoubutalsoIamwrong.nothing［误］Nothingbutbooksweresoldhere.［正］Nothingbutbookswassoldhere.［析］要注意真正的主语是nothing而不是books，所以这一结构在学生的使用中经常出错。［误］Ihavenothingtodobuttocry.［正］Ihavenothingtodobutcry.［析］在这一结构中but后面要用省to的不定式。number［误］AnumberofnewscanbeheardonTVtoday.［正］AlotofnewscanbeheardonTVtoday.［析］anumberof后接可数名词复数。［误］Thenumberofstudentsaretenthousand.［正］Thenumberofstudentsistenthousand.［析］anumberof其意为"大量的"，而thenumberof…是"某某的数量"。即thenumberofstudents意为"学生人数"，所以要用单数形式的谓语动词。Ｏo'clock［误］It'stenpastfiveo'clock.［正］It'stenpastfive.［析］o'clock所表达的时间是正点，如果要表达的时间是几点几分或差几分几点都不能用o'clock.once［误］Pleasecomeandseemeonce.［正］Pleasecomeandseemeoneday.［析］once用来谈论过去的事情，而不能谈论未来。如果要谈及未来要用oneday,sometime等。［误］ImethimonetimewhenIwasastudent.62\n［正］ImethimoncewhenIwasastudent.［析］英语中一次应用once而不用onetime，二次要用twice而不用twotimes.one［误］Mygrandfatherwantstoliveforhundredyears.［正］Mygrandfatherwantstoliveforonehundredyears.［误］Hethrewawaytheolddictionaryandwantedtobuynewone.［正］Hethrewawaytheolddictionaryandwantedtobuyanewone.［误］Hisdogisbiggerthanmyone.［正］Hisdogisbiggerthanmine.［析］一般物主代词之后不用one，除非one前有修饰词，如myoldone，否则要用名词性物主代词。［误］Oneoftheteacherisintheoffice.［误］Oneoftheteachersareintheoffice.［正］Oneoftheteachersisintheoffice.［析］One是句子的主语，其谓语动词应用单数，而of后面的名词要用复数名词。［误］Onethirdofthebooksissenttothestudents.［正］Onethirdofthebooksaresenttothestudents.［析］几分之几或百分之几这一结构用在主语位置，其谓语动词要与of后面的名词一致，如Twothirdsoftheworkisdone.open［误］Arethebanksopenedtoday?［正］Arethebanksopentoday?［析］要注意open即可用作动词、名词，还可以用作形容词，而close则不同。请看：Arethebanksclosedtoday?这一句是正确的。or［误］Hedoesn'tdrinkandsmoke.［正］Hedoesn'tdrinkorsmoke.［析］否定句中的并列连词要用or而不用and.［误］Heneitherdrinksorsmokes.［正］Heneitherdrinksnorsmokes.other［误］Wherearetheothersstudents?［正］Wherearetheotherstudents?［正］Wherearetheothers?［析］other作形容词时没有复数形式，且作为泛指讲时没有定冠词，如：Asksomeothereople.而加定冠词后为特指。theother可在句中作主语、宾语或定语，如：Nowletmeshowyoutheother.(宾语)Hehastwosons.Oneisaworker,theotherisateacher.(主语)others只能作代词，而theothers则为特指，如：Therearefivebooks.Twoofthemarenotgood.Iliketheothers.out［误］Shewentouttheclassroom,takingadictionarywithher.［正］Shewentoutoftheclassroom,takingadictionarywithher.［析］outof是指"从……里出来"，使用时不要将of丢掉。62\nＰpaper［误］Pleasegivemetwoletterpapers.［正］Pleasegivemetwosheetsofletterpaper.［析］paper作为纸讲为不可数名词。［误］Eachstudentmustwritepaperonwhathelearned.［正］Eachstudentmustwriteapaperonwhathelearned.［析］这里的paper作为论文讲，是可数名词。paper的这种用法还可以用于证件、报纸、考卷等。parent［误］MyparentsandIarebothinterestedinfootball.［正］MyparentsandIareallinterestedinfootball.［析］parents即为父母、双亲，指两个人，加上自己为三个人，所以只能用all而不能用both.pass［误］Theshippastedthechannel.［正］Theshippassedthechannel.［析］pass为动词，而past则为副词，不要混淆，如：Myfatherhasbeenillforthepasttwoweeks.Allthestudentspassedtheexam.pay［误］Pleasehelpmedothisjob,andIwillpayforyoulater.［正］PleasehelpmedothisjobandIwillpayyoulater.［析］为某工作付给工人工资应为paysomebody,而payforsomething是为某物付款，如：Youcanbuyallthethingsyouwant.I'llpayforthose.people［误］Therearefivehundredpeopleshere.［正］Therearefivehundredpeoplehere.［误］Thereisonlyonepeople.［正］Thereisonlyoneperson.［误］Peoplethereisfriendly.［正］Peopletherearefriendly.［析］people作为人讲时为复数名词，如要讲一个人应用oneperson,而不能用people,讲若干人时用people而不能加s，这样的用法还有police(警察)等，这些概念用单数时要换其他的词.如：people－aperson;police－policemanpolicewoman;youth－ayoungman/woman.picture［误］Therearesomespotsinthepicture.［正］Therearesomespotsonthepicture.［误］Thereisayoungwomanonthepicture.［正］Thereisayoungwomaninthepicture.［析］指溅落在画面上的灰尘，污物是onthepicture，即讲与画面内容无关的东西用on，而inthepicture用于讲画面的内容。pity［误］Whatpitythathermothermustalwayssuffer!［正］Whatapitythathermothermustalwayssuffer!62\n［析］pity作为遗憾之事讲常加不定冠词；但要注意作为同情、怜悯讲则不加冠词，为不可数名词，如：Ifeelpityforyou.它还可以用作动词，如：Hepitiedthepoorpeople.［误］Ihavepityforyou.［正］Ihavepityonyou.［析］可怜某人时应用have(take)pityonsomebody，这是个惯用法。place［误］LastyearhewenttoAmerica.Hetravelledfromplacetoanother.［正］LastyearhewenttoAmerica.Hetravelledfromplacetoplace(fromoneplacetoanother).［析］到处译为英文时为fromplacetoplace请不要在place之前加冠词。这种用法在有些语法书中叫作零冠词用法，如：一户挨一户为doorbydoor，手拉手为handinhand.［误］Theaccidentwastakenplaceinthatstreet.［正］Theaccidenttookplaceinthatstreet.［析］takeplace为发生，它不能用于被动态，这样的词还有happen等。［误］Thereisnoplaceinthebus.［正］Thereisnoroominthebus.［析］room这里为不可数名词，意为空间，即没有地方了。place多指场所所在之地。［误］IcameheretotakeplaceofMrSmith.［正］IcameheretotaketheplaceofMrSmith.［析］taketheplaceof意为代替、取代某人某事。play［误］Doyouwanttoplayguitar?［正］Doyouwanttoplaytheguitar?［误］Iliketoplaythebridge.［正］Iliketoplaybridge(桥牌).［析］play作为玩讲时，在各种乐器前要加冠词，在各种体育运动前则没有冠词。please［误］Myfriendpleasedmetohisbirthdaypartyyesterday.［正］Myfriendinvitedmetohisbirthdaypartyyesterday.［析］please作为动词时其词义不是请，而是高兴、愿意等意，如：Shealwaysdoeswhatshepleases.(她总是想做什么就做什么。)又如：It'shardtopleaseall.而please作为请讲时为语气词，多用于祈使句中，如：Pleasecomein.［误］Boththeteacherandthemotherwerepleasedtothelittlegirl.［正］Boththeteacherandthemotherwerepleasedwiththelittlegirl.［析］对某人表示满意、喜欢，应用bepleasedwithsomebody.对某事感到高兴和满意时多用bepleasedat或about，但有时也可用with，却不能用of.pleasure［误］Theboygavehisparentsalotofpleasures.［正］Theboygavehisparentsalotofpleasure.［析］pleasure作为高兴、愉快、享乐、娱乐讲时为不可数名词。［误］Itispleasuretoworkwithyou.［正］Itisapleasuretoworkwithyou.［析］pleasure作为一件或某件乐事、高兴之事讲时为可数名词，如：Itisoneofmypleasures.police62\n［误］Thepolicehasnotfoundthecauseoftheaccident.［正］Thepolicehavenotfoundthecauseoftheaccident.［析］police为复数名词，它没有单数形式。如果要讲一个警察要用apoliceman，两个要用twopolicemen，或apolicewoman,twopolicewomen.prepare［误］I'mpreparingtheexam.［正］I'mpreparingfortheexam.［误］We'llreturnintimeforyoutopreparefordinner.［正］We'llreturnintimeforyoutopreparedinner.［析］prepare既是及物动词，又是不及物动词。作及物动词时其后面所跟的事物是正在准备的；而作不及物动词时for后面的事物是目标。如：I'mpreparingfortheexam.应译为我正在为考试做准备。同样的用法还有search与searchfor.present［误］Don'tworry.Icanpresentthemeeting.［正］Don'tworry.Icanbepresentatthemeeting.［析］present作为出席、在场讲时，是形容词而不应用作动词。其动词意为送给;赠给;提出，如：Thereporterpresentedargumentsofhisidea.put［误］Sheputoffherreddressandputonthegreenone.［正］Shetookoffherreddressandputonthegreenone.［析］与put连用的介词很多，一般来讲on与off是一对相反的意义的介词，如：turnon(打开)，turnoff(关上)，穿衣服是puton，但脱衣服却只能用takeoff,而putoff是推迟、使某人下车、关掉之意，如：Theyputofftheexambecausethenationalholiday.(因国家假日而推迟考期。)CouldyouputmeoffattheTownHall.(请在市政厅让我下车。)Pleaseputoffthewirelessbeforeyouleave.(走之前请关掉无线电。)Ｒradio［误］Therearetworadioesintheclassroom.［正］Therearetworadiosintheclassroom.［误］Iheardtheweatherreportthroughtheradio.［正］Iheardtheweatherreportontheradio.［析］在收音机中听到某事应为hearsomethingontheradio，听收音机应为listentotheradio.这样的用法还有电视，看电视为watchTV，讲在电视上看见什么节目为watch…onTV，如：I'mwatchingthefootballmatchonTV.但注意，作为一种通信手段时应为byradio,如：Policearetalkingtoeachotherbyradio.rain［误］Thereisasmallrainfalling.［正］Thereisalightrainfalling.［误］Thereisabigrain.［正］Thereisaheavyrain.［析］大雨在英文中应为aheavyrain,raincatsanddogs为倾盆大雨，小雨为alightrain.千万不要讲abigrain或asmallrain.当作动词讲时，雨下得很大可译为：Itrainsverymuchnow/hardnow/heavilynow.reach62\n［误］Wereachedtothetownverylate.［正］Wereachedthetownverylate.［析］reach作为到达讲是及物动词，而arrive为不及物动词。但要注意reach的词组搭配，如reachfor，为伸手去拿，如：Thethiefreachedforthegun.reachout伸出手，如：Hereachedoutandtookaninterestingbook.ready［误］Youmustreadyatonce.［正］Youmustbereadyatonce.［析］ready为形容词，而不像中文中准备为动词。remember［误］Ididn'trememberclosingthedoor,sothethiefcameintotheroomdirectly.［正］Ididn'tremembertoclosethedoor,sothethiefcameintotheroomdirectly.［析］remember其后接动名词，动名词所表示的动作已经做完，如：Idon'tremembermeetingyou.其后如接不定式，不定式表达的动作还没有去做，如：Doremembertoturnoffthelightbeforeyouleave.rest［误］Therestofthestudentsisgirls.［正］Therestofthestudentsaregirls.［析］rest作剩余部分讲时，therestof…结构作主语时其谓语动词应与of后面的名词的数保持一致。这种用法还有1/3of,80%of等。［误］Therestoftheworkaredone.［正］Therestoftheworkisdone.return［误］Myfriendsreturnedbacktotheirsecondhometown.［正］Myfriendsreturnedtotheirsecondhometown.［析］return即为返回，所以back是多余的。这句话还可以表述为：Myfriendswentbacktotheirsecondhometown.rice［误］Wehadafewriceandsomebread.［正］Wehadalittlericeandsomebread.［析］rice为物质名词，为不可数名词。rice［误］Wehadafewriceandsomebread.［正］Wehadalittlericeandsomebread.［析］rice为物质名词，为不可数名词。rich［误］Thecountryisrichofoil.［正］Thecountryisrichinoil.［析］berichin为盛产……。［误］Therichisnotalwayshappy.［正］Thericharenotalwayshappy.［析］形容词加定冠词表示一类人，作主语时要作复数看待。［误］Allhisrichesisnogoodtohimifheissoill.［正］Allhisrichesarenogoodtohimifheissoill.62\n［析］riches为财富，是复数名词，没有单数形式。像这样的词还有goods(货物)，greens(青菜)，manners(礼貌)等。river［误］Welikeswimmingontheriver.［正］Welikeswimmingintheriver.［误］Welikeboatingintheriver.［正］Welikeboatingontheriver.［析］游泳用intheriver，而在湖中划船要用ontheriver.room［误］Therearealreadythreepeoplesittingonthesofa,pleasetrytomakearoomforher.［正］Therearealreadythreepeoplesittingonthesofa,pleasetrytomakeroomforher.［析］room作为空间讲时为不可数名词。leaveroomfor…为给某人留点空地；makeroomfor…为让位给某人，如：Theyoungmanmaderoomforanoldwoman.run/www.2xxyy.com江苏省中小学英语教学提供［误］Iranacrosswithanoldfriendattheschoolgate.［正］Iranacrossanoldfriendattheschoolgate.［析］runacross为偶然相遇。［误］Thetruckranacrossthecat.［正］Thetruckranoverthecat.［析］runover为从……上辗过。［误］YesterdayIrantoastormonmywayhome.［正］YesterdayIranintoastormonmywayhome.［析］runinto为撞上或撞在……上。Ｓsafe［误］Thebravemansafedtheboyfromdrowning.［正］Thebravemansavedtheboyfromdrowning.［析］safe是形容词，如：Theywishedhimasafejourney.safely是副词，如：Theyoungmandriveshiscarsafely.而safety是名词，如：safetyisland(安全岛)，Safetyfirst!(安全第一!)但save是动词。same［误］YesterdayIgotapostcard.Itisthesamethatyougotthedaybeforeyesterday.［正］YesterdayIgotapostcard.Itisthesameasyougotthedaybeforeyesterday.［析］thesamethat意为"即是"，而thesameas才能译为"像……一样的。"［误］Yourbookisnotsameasmine.［正］Yourbookisnotthesameasmine.［析］thesameas中的定冠词不能少。say［误］Hisreportwrotesheisnineteen.［正］Hisreportsayssheisnineteen.［析］中文中常讲"报告上写到"、"信上写到"，这样的"写"在英文中要用say.62\nsayspeaktalktell英文中"说"一般有四个词，其中say和tell为及物动词。tell可以加双宾语，如Pleasetellmeastory.而speak与talk为不及物动词。speak只有后面直接加"语言"时才是及物的，如：PleasespeakEnglish.请看下句：Hewentontalkingforalongtime,buthespokesofastthatfewofuscouldcatchwhathesaid.sea［误］Asaboyhisgreatambition(抱负)wastogotothesea.［正］Asaboyhisgreatambitionwastogotosea.［析］gotosea为"去当水手、海员"；而gotothesea=gototheseaside,如：Hewanttogototheseaforhisvacation.在"海中"游泳为inthesea;atsea为在"海上航行"，如：Ihaveabrotheratsea.bysea为"坐船"、"由海路运输"，如：WetravelledtoNewYorkbysea.second［误］Iwanttolearnthesecondforeignlanguage.［正］Iwanttolearnasecondforeignlanguage.［析］当作为"第二"外语，"再增加一个"时，不要用thesecond而要用asecond.thesecond强调排队的次序，asecond强调再增加一个。see［误］Hewasseenleavetheroom.［正］Hewasseentoleavetheroom.［析］see作主动态时用作toseesomebodydosomething,而用作被动态时则是somebodytobeseentodosomething.要注意惯用法letmesee(让我想想)。sheep［误］Therearefivesheepsonthegrass.［正］Therearefivesheeponthegrass.［析］sheep是单、复数同形名词，其他的还有：deer(鹿)，fish(鱼)等。ship［误］Itravelledonayacht.［正］Itravelledonaship(inayacht).［析］虽然都是船，但游艇(yacht)要用in,而ship要用on.sick［误］Thelittleboywasaillboy.［正］Thelittleboywasasickboy.［析］sick与ill作表语时都表示"有病"之意，如：Hefeelsill.或Hefeelssick.都对，但作定语时则只能用sick.since［误］HeislivinginGreecesince1978.［正］HehaslivedinGreecesince1978.［正］HehasbeenlivinginGreecesince1978.［析］由since引出的状语从句意为"自从"某时一直如何，主句要用完成时或完成进行时。［误］ShehasbeenquitedifferentsincecamebackfromAmerica.［正］ShehasbeenquitedifferentsincecomingbackfromAmerica.［析］分词短语可以用在after,before,since等介词后面。62\nsleep［误］Theboywasveryasleep.［正］Theboywasfastasleep.［析］熟睡在英文中为fastasleep.非正式英语中一般不常用He'ssleeping.而常讲He'sasleep.其形容词sleepy是"困倦的"，如：Ishallgotobednow.I'msosleepy."卧铺"英国人讲sleepingcar，而美国人讲sleeper.slow［误］Slowthedooropened.［正］Slowlythedooropened.［析］slow与slowly的用法与意思相同，在口语中和路标中多用slow，如：Tellhimtodriveslower.Slow,dangerousbend.但是如果用在动词前还是要用slowly.smile［误］Shesmiledtome.［正］Shesmiledatme.［析］"冲着某人笑"应为tosmileatsomebody.so［误］Itissuchbeautifulabookthateverychildlikesit.［正］Itissuchabeautifulbookthateverychildlikesit.［正］Itissobeautifulabookthateverychildlikesit.［析］关于so与such用法的区别有四种情况：①用于单数可数名词之前，其格式为"such+不定冠词+形容词+名词"，而"so+形容词+不定冠词"。②用于可数名词复数或不可数名词前，只能用such，如：Itissuchgoodweatherthatwewanttogoforawalk.Theyaresuchgoodstudentsthattheycanpasstheexameasily.③在只有形容词时只能用so，如：ItissogoodthatIlikeitverymuch.④在many,much,few,little这四个词前只能用so而不能用such。如：IhavesolittlemoneythatIcan'tbuythedictionary.［误］Hegotupearlysoashecouldcatchthefirstbus.［正］Hegotupearlysoastocatchthefirstbus.［正］Hegotupearlysothathecouldcatchthefirstbus.［正］Hegotupsoearlythathecouldcatchthefirstbus.some［误］Doyouhavesomelessonetoprepare?［正］Doyouhaveanylessonstoprepare?［析］在疑问句或否定句中要用any;some多用在肯定句中，如：Ihavesomemoneytobuyit.在请求，或真心希望得到肯定答复时，在疑问句中也要用some，如：Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?即真心实意希望为对方提供饮料。又如：Couldyoulendmesomemoney?即真心想要借到钱。sometime［误］IhavesometimethoughtthatIshouldliketoliveinthecountry.［正］IhavesometimesthoughtthatIshouldliketoliveinthecountry.sometimesometimessometimessometimesometime为"某个时候"、"总有一天"，如：We'llmeetagainsometimenextyear.或过去的"某一时刻"，如：IsawhersometimeinJuly.sometimes为"有时候"、"时常"、"常常"，如：Everymanisafoolsometimes,andnoneatalltimes.Sometimes为"若干次"，如：IvisitedAmericasometimes.Maybefiveorseventimes.Iamnotsure.Sometime则是"一段时间62\n"、"一些时候"，如：Iwanttoleavesometime.soon［误］Theroomassoonasbecamecrowded.［正］Theroomsoonbecamecrowded.［析］soon为"不久"、"很快"，如：I'llbethereverysoon.而assoonas意为"一……就……"，如：AssoonasIfinishedmyhomeworkIwentouttoplayfootball.sound［误］Thereportsoundswell.［正］Thereportsoundsgood.［析］sound作动词时其后接形容词而不接副词，如：Howsweetthemusicsounds!sport［误］Areyougoingtorunintheschoolsprot?［正］Areyougoingtorunintheschoolsprots?［析］sport用作可数名词单数时指具体的某项运动，如：Basketballisanindoorsport.而在泛指"运动"或"运动会"时要用其复数形式sports.spring［误］I'llvisitAmericainthisspring.［正］I'llvisitAmericainspring.［正］I'llvisitAmericathisspring.［析］英语一年四季前如果有that,this,last,next等词，则其前面不要再加介词。这样的用法还有周、月、年等。请看下面句子中的用法有何不同：Hetoldmethatshediditonthenextday.这时是指过去某一天的第二天，所以才有这种用法。如果以现在为时间基点的第二天应为I'lldoitnextday.start［误］WhattimewillyoustarttoSanFrancisco?［正］WhattimewillyoustartforSanFrancisco?［析］start与leave一样，其后接"for+目的地"。beginstartbegin与start在很多场合下是一样的意思，如：Westarted/begantostudyEnglishtwoyearsago.但在如下场合则不能用begin:①作为"启程"讲，如：Ithinkweoughttostartatsix.②表示"开始工作"，如：Thecarwon'tstart.(车子发动不起来。)③作为"开动"、"启动"讲，如：Doyouknowhowtostartthismachine.still［误］Oh,itisstillrainingnow.［正］Oh,itisstillraining.［析］因still即包含有现在仍然如何，所以now是多余词。stillyetalreadystill一般与动词连用，可放于句子中间用以说明过去开始的动作现在仍然在继续，特别用来表示我们希望它早点停止。如：I'vebeenthinkingforhours,butIstillcan'tdecide.yet一般放于句末，用在疑问句与否定句中。如：Hasthepostmancomeyet?already则与动词连用，可放于句中表示某事的发生比预期的要早，如：I'vealreadyfinishedmyhomework.stop［误］Whentheteachercameintotheclassroomthestudentsstoppedtotalk.［正］Whentheteachercameintotheclassroomthestudentsstoppedtalking.62\n［析］stoptodosomething是"停下来去做某事"，而stopdoingsomething是"停止做某事"。street［误］Thereisanarrowwindingstreetfromourvillagetothenextone.［正］Thereisanarrowwindingroadfromourvillagetothenextone.［析］street一般指城市中两旁有建筑物的"街道"，而road多指乡间的"路"。strict［误］Yououghttobestricttohim.［正］Yououghttobestrictwithhim.［析］bestrictwith是"对……严格的"。such［误］Doyouwanttohavesuchadictionary?［正］Doyouwanttohavesuchagooddictionary?［正］Doyouwanttohaveadictionarylikethat?［析］such作加强语气时一般是"such+(冠词)形容词+名词"，如：It'ssuchagoodbook.但如果名词前没有形容词则要看其名词是否具有"能显示程度的含意"，如：I'vegotsuchaheadache.Youaresuchfools!否则在such与名词之间一定要有形容词。sure［误］Iamquitesureforthatanswer.［正］Iamquitesureofthatanswer.［析］sure用于句中表示"对……事有确实把握"时应跟of或about，而不跟for，如：I'msureabout(of)hisabilitytocontrolthismachine.sweet［误］Honeytastessweetly.［正］Honeytastessweet.［析］sweet可以作为名词，意为"糖果"，是可数名词，如：MayIhaveasweet?作形容词，如：Thechildlookedverysweet.而sweetly为副词，意为"甜美地"、"悦耳地"。要注意taste为感观动词，其后面要接形容词而不是副词。Ｔtake［误］ThisyearIwanttotakethedriver'slicense.［正］ThisyearIwanttogetthedriver'slicense.［析］take可以作为动词，意为"拿"、"取"，如：Iwanttotakemymail.而要获得某种证书、证明，要用get而不用take，take在学校范围内意为"参加"或"选修"某些课程，如：ThistermIwanttotakebothFrenchandSpanish.［误］Theaccidentwastakenplaceatthestreetcorner.［正］Theaccidenttookplaceatthestreetcorner.［析］takeplace与happen一样作为"发生"讲时没有被动语态。［误］Doyoutakemeasafool?［正］Doyoutakemeforafool?［析］take…for…意为"以为是……"、"错当作……"、"误认为"，而这一意思还可以用于Itookyoutobethebestfriend.(我把你认作是最好的朋友。)［误］MyEnglishteacherwasill.Whowilltakeplaceher?［正］MyEnglishteacherwasill.Whowilltaketheplaceofher?62\n［析］taketheplaceof…意为"取代"。talk［误］YesterdayImetanoldfriend.Wetalkedmanythings.［正］YesterdayImetanoldfriend.Wetakedaboutmanythings.［析］talk是不及物动词。Team［误］Ourteamlikesseeingfilm.［正］Ourteamlikeseeingfilm.［析］team与family，class等词一样，指整体时为单数名词。如：Ourteamisexcellent,而指集体中的个体时要用作复数。than［误］Theymadefewermistakesthistermthantheymadelastlerm.［正］Theymadefewermistakesthistermthantheydidlastlerm.［析］当一个动作在同一个句子中重复时，第二次要用do来代替，以避免重复。［误］YoumakemedomorethenanybodyIknow.［正］YoumakemedomorethananybodyIknow.［误］Igotintotherestroomthansomeoneknockedatthedoor.［正］Igotintotherestroomthensomeoneknockedatthedoor.［析］than与then不要误用。then［误］Wewenttothecinema,thenwenttoaChineserestaurant.［正］Wewenttothecinema,andthenwenttoaChineserestaurant.［正］Wewenttothecinema;thenwenttoaChineserestaurant.［析］then作"然后"讲时，在then前应加分号而不用逗号，或加逗号用andthen，但是如果是倒装句则要用逗号，如：FirstcomeTom,thenMary.think［误］Ithinkyouarenotright.［正］Idon'tthinkyouareright.［析］think在肯定句中与中文的习惯用法是一致的，如：Ithinkyouareright.但在宾语从句是否定意思时，要否定think，如：Idon'tthinkyouareright.［误］Ithinkhewillcomehere,doI?［正］Ithinkhewillcomehere,wonthe?［析］think加宾语从句时，反意疑问句的主语应用宾语从句中的主语，助动词要用宾语从句中的助动词，而肯定还是否定要看主句中的情况决定：如主句用肯定句，则反意疑问句用否定句，反之亦然。［误］Peoplethinkveryhighofhiswork.［正］Peoplethinkveryhighlyofhiswork.［析］thinkhighlyof为"对某人某事评价很高"。［误］WhenwetalkaboutChinesepeoplewealwaysthinktheYellowRiver.［正］WhenwetalkaboutChinesepeoplewealwaysthinkabouttheYellowRiver.［析］thinkabout意为"想起"、"想到"。thousand［误］Hegotthousandofbooksfromasecondhandbookshop.［正］Hegotthousandsofbooksfromasecondhandbookshop.62\n［析］虽然twothousand,threethousand在thousand后都不加s，但thousandsof则为"数千"，该结构中一定要加s。through［误］IhadalongdistancecallwithJohnthroughtthetelephone.［正］IhadalongdistancecallwithJohnonthetelephone.［误］Ittookustwohourstowalkacrosstheforest.［正］Ittookustwohourstowalkthroughtheforest.［析］across是表示在一平面上进行的动作，而through则是用在三维空间的动作。如：Theriverwasfrozen,sowecouldwalkacrossit.Ipushedthroughthecrowdstotheentrance.throw［误］Hethrewastonetome.［正］Hethrewastoneatme.［析］"扔"这个词表示方向时要注意他向我扔石头是atme，我向他扔石头则为tohim，但throwat还有寻衅之意，如：Stopthrowingstonesatthecars.这时不要误用to.time［误］Thedoctorcameontimesoshewassaved.［正］Thedoctorcameintimesoshewassaved.［析］intime为"及时赶到"，如：Doyouthinkwecangetthereintimeforthefirstact.而ontime意为"准时"，如：Thetrainarrivedontime.［误］Itistimewegohome.［正］Itistimeweshouldgohome.［正］Itistimewewenthome.［析］"是该作某事的时候了"，其句形为：①Itistimeforsomebodytodosomething.②"Itistime+从句"，从句中用"should+动词原形"，或直接用动词的过去式。［误］Let'shurry.Wehaven'tmanytimes.［正］Let'shurry.Wehaven'tmuchtime.［误］IhavebeentoAmericatwotimes.［正］IhavebeentoAmericatwice.［析］time作为"时间"讲时为不可数名词，而作为"次"讲时则是可数名词。但"一次"不是onetime，而是once；"二次"不是twotimes，而是twice；"三次"则是threetimes.too［误］Thisboxistooheavytoliftit.［正］Thisboxistooheavytolift.［析］在too…to这一结构中，如果主语和不定式的宾语是一致的，则不要重复。［误］Thechildistooyoungnottogotoschool.［正］Thechildistooyoungtogotoschool.［析］too…to这一结构用来表示"太……以致于不能……"，但下面的句子则不能照此翻译：I'mtoogladtomeetyou.应译为"我见到你真太高兴了"。［误］Thereismuchtoonoise.［正］Thereistoomuchnoise.［析］"muchtoo+形容词"，而"toomuch+不可数名词"。［误］Youhaveboughttoomuchtomatoes.［正］Youhaveboughttoomanytomatoes.［析］toomany后才加可数名词。62\nalsoaswelltoo这三个词是近义词，但其用法各有不同。其一，too和aswell通常用于句末，如：Shewenttothecinemaandherbrotherwenttoo.而also则不用于句末，如：I'vealsoreadherothernovels.其二，这三个词都不用于否定句中，否定句中用not…either，或neither/nor…,如：Heisn'thereeither.trousers［误］Mytrouserisgettingsmallerandsmaller.［正］Mytrousersaregettingsmallerandsmaller.［析］英语中trousers,pants,shorts(短裤)，glasses(眼镜)都要用复数形式。［误］Thispairofglassesareverygood.［正］Thispairofglassesisverygood.［析］有了量词apairof，其后的谓语动词要与量词相一致。如：twopairsof…的谓语动词就要用复数。try误］Itriedtosendherflowersbutitdidn'thaveanyeffect.［正］Itriedsendingherflowersbutitdidn'thaveanyeffect.(我试着给她送花，但没有什么结果。)［误］Pleasetryunderstandingit.［正］Pleasetrytounderstandit.［析］"try+动名词"的意思是"试一试"，或"做某事看看会发生什么情况"，而"try+不定式"表示为达到目的要去做的事。Ｕunder［误］Thelakeistwometersundersealevel.［正］Thelakeistwometersbelowsealevel.［析］under的意思是在某物的下面，而below＝lowerthan,即"低于"。［误］Underthehelpofourteacher,allofuspassedtheexam.［正］Withthehelpofourteacher,allofuspassedtheexam.understand［误］Ithinkitisdiffculttomakemyselftounderstand.［正］Ithinkitisdiffculttomakemyselfunderstood.［析］这句话的意思是"我想让别人理解我太难了"。［误］Iamunderstandingthelessonnow.［正］Iunderstandthelessonnow.［析］understand一词没有进行时态。类似的词还有belong,find,hear,love,like等。until［误］Wewalkeduntiltheedgeoftheforest.［正］Wewalkedasfarastheedgeoftheforest.［误］Ourschoolbuscanholduntiltwentychildren.［正］Ourschoolbuscanholduptotwentychildren.［析］until与till两词的意思一样，但两个词都只能用于时间，如：I'llwaituntilIhearfromyou.［误］Iwaitedformymothertoseveno'clock,butshedidn'tcome.62\n［正］Iwaitedformymotheruntilseveno'clock,butshedidn'tcome.［误］CanyoureturnthisbookuntilMonday?［正］CanyoureturnthisbookbyMonday?［析］当我们谈目前正在进行而将来某一时刻才停止的事件时用until，而用by来表达将来某一时刻会发生的动作。［误］Wearrivedhomeuntilitbecamedark.［正］Wedidn'tarrivedhomeuntilitbecamedark.［析］until用于肯定句时表示"某动作直到……为止"，如：Theyworkeduntil5∶00P.M.用于否定句中时意为"直到……才"。所以用于肯定句中要使用延续性动词，但截止性动词却可以用在否定句中。upstairs［误］Hewenttoupstairs.［正］Hewentupstairs.［析］upstairs一词可用作副词，如：Weallhurriedupstairstoseewhathappened.也可用作名词，如；Theupstairsofthehouseneedspainting.同时也可以用作形容词，如：Ahousewiththreeupstairsroomsisquitegood.use［误］Itisnousetoaskher.［正］Itisnouseaskingher.［析］Itisnouse…与Thereisnouse…后通常用动名词，而不用不定式。［误］I'llgetusedtotreatthestudentsthisway.［正］I'llgetusedtotreatingthestudentsthisway.［析］beusedto与getusedto后要接动名词表示"习惯于"做某事。［误］Iusedtogettingupearlyinthemorning.［正］Iusedtogetupearlyinthemorning.［析］usedto表示过去习惯的动作，其后要加动词原形。［误］Oilwasusedtocooking.［正］Oilwasusedtocook.［析］这里的句型虽然也是beusedto但这里不是主动态，而是被动态，所以不能接动名词而应接不定式。［误］WeusedtogototheGreatWallthreetimes.［正］WewenttotheGreatWallthreetimes.［析］usedto只能用来表示一种习惯，而不能用来表达某事发生的次数。Ｖvery［误］Thankyouindeed.［正］Thankyouverymuchindeed.［析］indeed用来修饰verymuch,但要放其后面，而且也不要单独使用。［误］Thebabywasveryasleep.［正］Thebabywasfastasleep.［析］不是所有的形容词都可以用very来修饰，如：I'mwideawake.(我全醒了。)再如：allalone(十分孤独)，muchafraid等。［误］Thethingseemstobeveryimproved.62\n［正］Thethingseemstobemuchimproved.［析］有些语法书讲very修饰现在分词，而much修饰过去分词，这要分别对待。如果过去分词是指一个具体的动作，而且是句中主要动词的一部分就必须用much，而某些形容词化的过去分词，还是要用very来修饰的，如：Iamverytired.［误］Thereisverylesswaterintheriverthanusual.［正］Thereismuch/farlesswaterintheriverthanusual.［析］very不能修饰形容词或副词的比较级，而要用far,much等来修饰。Ｗwait［误］TomorrowIwillwaityouatthebusstop.［正］TomorrowIwillwaitforyouatthebusstop.［析］wait是不及物动词，"等人"要用waitforsomebody；而waitup为"不睡觉等候某事"，如：I'llwaituptonight.walk［误］Ithinkshewentawalkyesterday.［正］Ithinkshewentoutforawalkyesterday.［析］散步在英文中要讲haveawalk,takeawalk.如果用go要用goforawalk.want［误］Theflowerswanttowater.［正］Theflowerswantwatering.［析］want在这里作为"需要"讲，其后加动名词。这句话的意思是"这花需要浇水。"［误］Doyouwantsomeonegoalongwithyou?［正］Doyouwantsomeonetogoalongwithyou?［析］wantsomebodytodosomething为一固定用法。wash［误］Areyougoingtomakwashingthisweekend?［正］Areyougoingtodowashingthisweekend?［析］dowashing为"洗衣服"，是固定搭配。watch［误］Yourwatchiswhattime?［正］Whattimeisitbyyourwatch?［析］一定要记住英文的习惯用法。［误］Themotherwanttowatchthechildrentoplayonthegrass.［正］Themotherwanttowatchthechildrenplay(playing)onthegrass.［析］watch的用法同see,hear等词。way［误］Pleasemovethechair,itisontheway.［正］Pleasemovethechair,itisintheway.［析］intheway为"挡道"，而ontheway为"在路上"，如：onmywayhome(在回家路上)，onhiswaytothestation(在他去火车站的路上)。而bytheway是"顺便说"，如：Bytheway,haveyouheardfromJoanrecently?［误］Thestudentswereontheirwaytohome.［正］Thestudentswereontheirwayhome.62\n［析］home在这里为副词。wear［误］Thelittlegirlisoldenoughtowearherself.［正］Thelittlegirlisoldenoughtodressherself.［析］wear后接衣物而不接反身代词。what［误］Iwanttoknowwhattodoit?［正］Iwanttoknowwhattodo?［误］Iwanttoknowhowtodo?［正］Iwanttoknowhowtodoit?［析］what是疑问代词，而how是疑问副词。要注意它们用法的不同。when［误］I'dcookyounicemealwhenyou'dcomehomeintheevening.［正］I'dcookyounicemealwhenyoucamehomeintheevening.［析］在when引导的状语从句中，要用一般时表示将来，即主句中是将来时，从句中应用一般现在时，如主句中是过去将来时，从句中应用一般过去时。如：I'llbebackwhenyoucomebackfromschool.［误］Wheninthesecondgrade,hismotherboughthimabike.［正］WhenTomwasinthesecondgrade,hismotherboughthimabike.［析］复合句中只有当主句的主语与从句的主语一致的情况下，才有可能省略，如：Whenyounghehadtoworkallday.［误］We'llgototheparkwhenitdoesn'traintomorrow.［正］We'llgototheparkifitdoesn'traintomorrow.［析］if用来表示不能肯定的事如果发生会如何；而when用来表示肯定会发生或很可能会发生的事情，如：I'llseeyouinSeptemberwhenIcomeback.［误］Idon'tknowwhenhecomeshometomorrow.［正］Idon'tknowwhenhewillcomehometomorrow.［析］when所引出的宾语从句如果是表示将来的动作要用将来时，而不是像时间状语从句中用一般时表示将来。where［误］Idon'tknowwheretogoto.［正］Idon'tknowwheretogo.［析］where是疑问副词。whether［误］Itisunknownifhewillcome.［正］Itisunknownwhetherhewillcome.［析］if不能引导主语从句。上句中it是形式主语，其后的从句才是真正的主语从句。要注意以下各种情况不宜用if而要用whether:①Ididn'tknowwhetheryou'llgoornot.(因句中有ornot选项。)②Hedidn'tknowwhethertovisittheoldman.(因用于不定式前。)③I'minterestedinwhetherhe'llgo.(因作介词的宾语从句。)④Iwanttoknowthenewswhetherourteamwillwin.(同位语从句。)⑤Letmeknowwhetheryoucancome.(此句如用if则含意有所不同，其意就变为"如果你能来请通知我"。而用whether则意为"让我知道你是否能来"。)62\nwho［误］Whomdoyouthinkwouldliketocomeforagameoffootball?［正］Whodoyouthinkwouldliketocomeforagameoffootball?［析］在这个句式中"doyouthink"应看作插入语，所以原句应为Whowouldliketocomeforagameoffootball?［误］Fromwhowasthegift?［正］Fromwhomwasthegift?［正］Whowasthatgiftfrom?［析］在句首时现代英语常用who取代whom，而在紧跟介词时则不能用who来取代whom.why［误］Whynottogotothepark?［正］Whynotgotothepark?［析］whynot后面接不带to的不定式，也可以用whydon'tyougowithher?win［误］Wehavewonyourclass.［正］Wehavebeatenyourclass.［析］win是及物动词，其后的宾语应是比赛、战争、奖品、奖金，如：Whichteamwonthefootballmatch?而beat是指"打败"对手、敌人，如：Mybrotherbeatmeatpoker.(请注意，beat是不规则动词，其过去式与原形相同，而过去分词为beaten.)wish［误］Ihopeyoutobeagoodstudent.［正］Iwishyoutobeagoodstudent.［析］hope不能加宾语再加宾语补足语，而wish则可以，如：Iwishyouluck.(我祝你走运。)without［误］Ican'tdothisworkwellwithoutyouhelpme.［正］Ican'tdothisworkwellwithoutyourhelp.［析］without其后接动名词或名词而不接从句。work［误］Thisgirlislookingforaworkatthebank.［正］Thisgirlislookingforajobatthebank.［析］"找工作"一般应为tofindajob，而works作为"工作"讲为不可数名词，不能加不定冠词，也不可用复数。当work作为"作品"、"著作"讲时，为可数名词，如：Thispaintingisoneofhisgreatworks.而works作为"工厂"讲时单复数形式相同，如：anironworks或twoironworks.作主语时其谓语动词可用单数，如：Thesteelworksisclosedfortheholidays.write［误］Youmaywritewithink.［正］Youmaywriteinink.［正］Youmaywritewithapen.［析］"用……写"这一表达法要看用的是什么：如果用钢笔则应用with,如：Pleasefillinthisformwithapen.但讲用墨水时则要用in.Ｙyesterday62\n［误］Icameacrossmyoldfriendyesterdaynight.［正］Icameacrossmyoldfriendlastnight.［析］"昨晚"应译为lastnight.62
