主题群二 做人与做事主题1MoralsandVirtues道德与美德英语2023高中总复习优化设计GAOZHONGZONGFUXIYOUHUASHEJI\n内容索引主题词汇主题语篇主题写作\n主题词汇\n词汇认知项目课标词汇非课标词汇补充词汇名词(n.)moralvirtuemarriagemajorityfeeresponsescholarshiphirephysicianclinicelectiondecadestaffsavingkindergartenprincipleinsuranceaccidentoperationwhispermidnightimportexportpolelapbitechairmanmemorychaincafétearharmcourtincometensiondilemmatuitionunioncolleaguerejectionlipwaitressdisguisemaplecartdespairmightfablecharitywhaleprofessorpositionsolutionpercentchemicalcreatureeffectaccommodationidiomauthoritysourcephotographerbuttonshockelementvarietypathimagereactionfile\n项目课标词汇非课标词汇补充词汇动词(v.)illustratecomplainrespondhirerejecttendpublishretirescarereplacewhisperimportexportbiteharmfaintentrustappointelectassistdisguisespilllimpdespairseekdeterminecrashdestroysurvivefoundrecoverconcentratefreezestarecapture形容词(adj.)moralpreciouspassivesharpenergeticflexiblefaintfarawayscaredpregnantAtlanticannualamazing副词(adv.)elsewherethereforeeventually介词(prep.)per\n项目课标词汇非课标词汇补充词汇短语(phr.)moraldilemma carrysbthroughsth inneedof attimesplayakeyrole beresponsiblefor treat...as... beknownas not...anymore tendtodosth atmidnightpassaway inmemoryof onceuponatime crashinto pickoneselfup tripover intears neither...nor... makeanattempttodo indespair agreatdeal(of) succeedindoing belongtokilltwobirdswithonestonewhenthecat’saway(themicewillplay) holdyourhorses raincatsanddogsbravetheelements afterall\n词汇拓展1.moraladj.道德的;道义上的n.品行;道德;寓意→adv.道德上;道义上→n.道德;道德准则2.illustratevt.(举例)说明;阐明;给(书或文章)加插图→n.示例;插图3.marriagen.结婚;婚姻→vt.娶;嫁;为……主持婚礼→adj.已婚的4.majorityn.大部分;大多数→adj.主要的5.complainvi.&vt.抱怨;发牢骚→n.抱怨;投诉6.respondvt.回答;回复vi.做出反应;回应→n.反应;回答;答复morallymoralityillustrationmarrymarriedmajorcomplaintresponse\n7.scholarshipn.奖学金→n.学者8.rejectvt.拒绝接受;不录用→n.否决9.electvt.选举;推选→n.选举;推选;当选10.tendvt.照顾;照料vi.倾向;趋于→n.趋势11.publishvt.发表(作品);出版→n.出版(业);发行(业)12.retirevi.&vt.退休;退职;退出→n.退休13.savingn.节省物;节省;节约;[pl.]储蓄金;存款→vi.&vt.节省;储蓄14.passiveadj.被动的;顺从的→adj.主动的;积极的15.scaredadj.害怕的;对……感到惊慌或恐惧的→vt.惊吓;使害怕vi.受惊吓→adj.令人害怕的scholarrejectionelectiontendencypublishingretirementsavepositivescarescary\n16.sharpadj.(增长、下跌等)急剧的;锋利的;明显的→vt.使尖锐17.insurancen.保险;保险业→vi.&vt.投保;给……保险18.energeticadj.精力充沛的;充满活力的→n.精力;活力19.replacevt.接替;取代;更换→n.代替20.operationn.手术;企业;经营→vi.运转;经营;动手术→n.接线员;经营者21.importn.进口;进口商品vt.进口;输入;引进→n.出口;出口商品vt.出口;输出;传播22.memoryn.记忆力;回忆→vt.记忆;记住sharpeninsureenergyreplacementoperateoperatorexportmemorise\n23.harmn.&vt.伤害;损害→adj.有害的→adj.无害的24.despairn.绝望vi.绝望;感到无望→adj.绝望的25.tensionn.紧张关系;紧张;焦虑→adj.紧张的harmfulharmlessdesperatetense\n词汇应用用适当的单词填空1.Toapersonnothingismore(宝贵的)thantheirlife.2.In1954,shewaselectedtothefirstNationalPeople’sCongressand,overthenextseveral(十年),sheheldmanyimportantpositions.3.Shewasmoreinterestedintendingpatients,(发表)medicalresearchoncareforwomenandchildren,andtrainingthenextgenerationofdoctors.4.Whatwasthemain(原则)guidingDrLinthroughthechoicesinherlife?preciousdecadespublishingprinciple\n5.Manystudieshaveshownthatshy,passivechildrentendtobesocially(拒绝接受)bytheirclassmates.6.ManyAmericanscomplainedaboutthesharpincreaseinthecostofhealthcareandhealth(保险)recently.7.Oneoftheadvantagesofhiring(精力充沛的)andpositiveyoungpeopleisthattheytendtoshowinterestintheirworkandtheyareeagertolearn.8.ThestudentunionwillholdaspecialmeetinginJanuarytoelectsomeoneto(接替)thesecretary.rejectedinsuranceenergeticreplace\n9.Duringthe(手术),shesatinthewaitingroomforoveranhourworryingabouthim.10.Isawher(低语)somethingintohisear,obviouslynotwantingtobeheard.11.Facinghigher(进口)and(出口)costs,thecompanyislookingforwaystosurvive.12.Inresponsetoaquestionabout(紧张关系)betweendoctorsandpatients,somerespondentscomplainedthatmisleadingmediareportsaboutdoctorshavegreatlyharmedsociety,causingthepublictodistrustmedicalworkers.operationwhisperingimportexporttensions\n主题语篇\n考点浅析1.In1941,DrLinbecamethefirstChinesewomanevertobeappointeddirectoroftheOB-GYNdepartmentofthePUMCHospital,butjustafewmonthslater,thedepartmentwasclosedbecauseofthewar.1941年,林医生成为北京协和医学院妇产科的首位中国籍女主任,但是仅仅数月之后,妇产科就因为战争而关闭。【提炼】the+序数词+动词不定式做定语【浅析】当名词前有序数词thefirst/second/third.../last等修饰,其后需非谓语动词做定语时,常用动词不定式。\n【仿写】(1)杨利伟是中国第一位进入太空的航天员。(2)这是最后一批要发给学生的阅读材料。YangLiweiisthefirstChineseastronautinspace.Thesearethelastreadingmaterialstobehandedouttothestudents.\n2.ThenewPeople’sRepublicofChinasawDrLinQiaozhiplayingakeyrole.中华人民共和国成立后,林巧稚医生发挥了更大的作用。【提炼】时间、地点名词+see/find/witness/notice(做谓语动词)...【浅析】在英语中,有时用时间或地点名词做主语,动词see,find,witness,look,notice等做谓语动词,表示“……看见了/发现了/目睹了……”等含义,这些写作手法被称作拟人,在具体翻译时,一般把主语翻译成相应的时间状语或地点状语。【仿写】(1)近年来人们的社会流动性越来越大。(2)他独自一人漫无目的地在空荡荡的操场上徘徊。Recentyearshavewitnessedagrowingsocialmobility.Theemptyplaygroundnoticedhimwanderingaloneandaimlessly.\n3.ThoughLinQiaozhinevermarried,shewasknownasthe“motheroftenthousandbabies”,havingdeliveredover50,000babiesinherlifetime.虽然林巧稚终身未婚,但是她被称为“万婴之母”,她一生中亲手接生的婴儿有五万多名。【提炼】havingdone...【浅析】havingdone是动词-ing形式的完成式,做状语时表示该动作在句子谓语动词表示的动作之前已发生或完成,其被动形式为havingbeendone。\n【仿写】(1)确保所有的习题都认真检查过之后,他交上了试卷。(2)与他父母分离多年之后,他十分渴望回到家乡。Havingmadesurealltheexerciseswerecheckedcarefully,hehandedinhispaper.Havingbeenseparatedfromhisparentsformanyyears,hehadastrongdesiretogobacktohishometown.\n4.Afterawhile,agroupofwomencamealong,eachbalancingapotofwateronherhead.过了一会儿,一群妇女走了过来,每个人头上都顶着一罐水。【提炼】独立主格结构【浅析】eachbalancingapotofwateronherhead是“代词+动词-ing形式短语”构成的独立主格结构。独立主格结构的构成一般为:名词/代词+介词(短语)/非谓语动词。非谓语动词形式的选择根据以下原则:(1)当名词/代词与非谓语动词之间为动宾关系时,用动词-ed形式;(2)当名词/代词与非谓语动词之间为主谓关系时,表示将来的动作用动词不定式(todo/tobedone),表示正在进行的或当前的动作时用动词-ing形式。值得注意的是,独立主格结构与句子其他成分之间没有并列连词或从属连词。\n【仿写】(1)我今天给你三本书,其他的明天给你。(2)蝙蝠的寿命很长,有的长达四十年。Igiveyouthreebookstoday,theresttofollowtomorrow.Batshaveaverylongspanoflife,somelivingaslongas40years.\n语篇再现Passage1Asafive-year-oldgirl,LinQiaozhiwas1.(deep)affectedbyhermother’sdeath.Atage18,insteadoffollowingthetraditionalpathofmarriagelikethe2.(major)ofgirls,shechosetostudymedicine.“Whyshouldgirlslearnsomuch?3.(find)agoodhusbandshouldbetheirfinalgoal!”herbrothercomplained,thinkingofthehightuitionfees.Sheresponded,“I’dratherstaysingle4.(study)allmylife!”deeplymajorityFindingtostudy\nEightyearslater,LingraduatedfromPekingUnionMedicalCollege(PUMC)withtheWenhaiScholarship,thehighestprizegiventograduates.She5.(immediate)becamethefirstwomanever6.(hire)asaresidentphysicianintheOB-GYNdepartmentofthePUMCHospital.Withinsixmonths,she7.(name)achiefresidentphysician,aposition8.usuallytookfouryearstoachieve.Afterworkingforafewyears,shewassenttostudyinEuropeandthen,in1939,intheUS.Shegreatly9.(impress)herAmericancolleagues,whoinvitedhertostay.DrLin,10.,rejectedtheoffer.Shewantedtoservethewomenandchildrenathome.immediatelytobehiredwasnamedthat/whichimpressedhowever\nPassage2Onceuponatimetherewasakingwhooftenthought,“Nothinggoodcancometoanation1.peopleonlycomplainandexpectothers2.(solve)theirproblems.”Oneday,hehadanidea.Heplacedalargestoneinthemiddleofthemainstreet3.hidgoldcoinsunderthestone.Thenhehidbehindahugemapletreeandwatched.Thefirstpersondownthestreetwasamilkmanwithhiscart.Hecrashedintothestone,4.(spill)themilkeverywhere.“Whatfoolputthisstonehere?”heshouted.Hepicked5.(him)upandangrilywentaway.whosetosolveandspillinghimself\nThekingwatchedalldayasmanypeoplecomplainedaboutthestone,buthefoundnobody6.(make)anattempttomoveit.Thekingwas7.despair.“Istherenooneinthisvillagewhofeelsany8.(responsible)tokeeptheirneighboursfromharm?”Justthen,thekingsawayounggirlcomingalong.She9._______________(work)alldayandwasverytired.Butwhenshesawthestone,shesaidtoherself,“Thisstoneisadangertoanyonewhocomesdownthestreetafterdark.I’llmoveitoutoftheway.”Thegirlpushedthestonewithallhermight.Afteragreatdealofeffort,shefinallysucceededinmovingittothesideofthestreet.Imaginehersurprisewhenshesawthegoldcoins10.thestonehadbeen!makinginresponsibilityhadbeenworkingwhere\n主题写作\n写作指导该写作主题是“分享你关于一个道德故事的看法(Shareyouropinionsaboutamoralstory)”。这类文章属于故事评论,考生需要先简单介绍故事的内容:梳理故事的起因、经过和结果,并用一两句话概括故事大意。然后结合生活实际阐述故事给人们的警示作用以及所蕴含的社会意义。在介绍故事内容时尽量不使用文章原句,而是以第三人称的语气转述故事的主要情节。故事评论一般分为三段:第一段梳理故事的基本信息,包括题目、故事类型、故事梗概等;第二段对故事进行分析,包括作者的目的意图、故事的细节描写是否到位、故事是否实现了它的警示目的;第三段陈述自己的观点,包括喜欢或不喜欢故事的哪些部分,是否要把故事推荐给别人等。\n主题佳句1.ThesewordsofDrLinQiaozhigiveusalookintotheheartofthisamazingwoman,andwhatcarriedherthroughalifeofhardchoices.林巧稚医生这一席话使我们得以窥见这位非凡女性的内心世界,并了解是什么支撑她度过充满艰难抉择的一生。2.Shechargedverylowfeestotreatpatientsandoftenreducedcostsforpoorpatients.她向病人收取的治疗费用极低,而且经常为穷苦病人减免费用。\n3.Attimesshewasevenseenridingadonkeytofarawayvillagestoprovidemedicalcare.有时人们甚至会看到她骑着毛驴到遥远的村庄给人看病。4.Sinceshehadnochildrenofherown,shelefthersavingstoakindergartenandafundfornewdoctors.由于自己没有孩子,她把积蓄捐给了一家幼儿园和一项新医生基金。5.Nothinggoodcancometoanationwhosepeopleonlycomplainandexpectotherstosolvetheirproblems.如果一个国家的人民只会抱怨,而且总是期待别人来解决他们的问题,那么这个国家就不会有什么好事。\n写作训练假设你校英语俱乐部正在举办征文活动,请你根据下面这幅描述小男孩和奶奶的图画写一篇短文。内容要求:1.描述图画内容,如情景、人物、动作(奶奶正在做家务活)等;2.结合自身实际,谈谈你的感想;3.举例说明你能在尊老爱老方面做些什么。注意:1.词数不少于100。2.参考词汇:按摩massage\n范文展示Respectingtheeldersisagoodvirtue.Asisshowninthepicture,agrandsonmighthaverealisedthathisgrandmotheristiredfromdoinghouseworkandhethinksthatheshoulddosomethingaboutit.Sohegiveshisgrandmotheragentlebackmassage,hopingthatitcanreducehisgrandmother’stiredness.Thisremindsmeofmyparentsandgrandparentswhohavebeendoingwhatevertheycandotoletmehavethebesteducation.But,totallyabsorbedinmyownstudy,Iseldomtakenoticeoftheirtirednessandneveroffertodoanythingtomakethemfeelcomfortable.NowIknowIcanhelpthemwitheverydaycleaning,oratleastcleanmyownbedroom.Meanwhile,Iwilldomybesttoworkhardatmylesson,forIknowmyprogressisthebestrewardfortheirlove.\n范文点评本文是一篇提纲类作文,内容要求:描述图画内容,如情景、人物、动作(奶奶正在做家务活)等;结合自身实际,谈谈你的感想;举例说明你能在尊老爱老方面做些什么。本文采用了三段式的结构,开门见山地写出了尊老方面的事情,用了Thisremindsme等句式和meanwhile等副词有层次地写出了自己的感想,最后提出了自己的意见。本文是一篇不错的提纲类作文,词数也正好。
