北京市2022年上学期清华大学高三英语中学生标准学术能力诊断性测试试题本试卷共150分，考试时间100分钟。第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分60分）第一节（共15小题；每小题3分，满分45分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AAutumnisgreatforEuropeanwalking:pathsaremud-free,temperaturesaremild,crowdsarefewandbeautifulcolorsabound.ThefollowingarefourEuropeanadventurestowalkyourwaythroughautumn.TheunknownCilentoSouthofItaly’sAmalfiCoasthidesamuchlessdiscoveredwonderland.AfterstoppingtoviewthemarvelousGreektempleremainsatPaestum,Sherpa’snextdestinationconcentratesontheCilentoNationalPark—firstfollowingitsruggedseashorepasttheoccasionalmyrtlegrove(小树林),andsandybeach,thenleavingmodernitybehindandventuringinlandtomedieval(中世纪的)hilltoptowns.Home-cookeddinnersconcludeexcitingdaysofgoattracksandghostvillagesbeforeascenicpathleadsbacktotheseaside.Fournights£630halfboard,includingtransport,luggagetransfersandwalkingnotes.LastdepartureOctober31.TurkishdelightsFollowanimpressivesectionofTurkey’sexpansiveLycianWay,graduallymovingfromcliffstocoastline.You’llbegininpine-filledpeaks,typicallyonshadedpathstoseaviews,andstopatbothapool-boastingupscalehotelandoneoftheYanartasregion’sever-burningflames—possiblyfueledbyamonsterbelow.Afinefishrestaurantcomesnext,thenamile-longsandybeachaheadoftwodaysonlonelyCapeGelidonya,finishingbyitslighthouse.Sixnights£790,includingtenothermeals,transport,luggagetransfersandwalkingnotes.LastdepartureinearlyNovember.CarpathianclambersPolandandSlovakiaareseparatedbytheCarpathianMountainsandtheirlargeforest-filledvalleys.StartingandendinginKrakow,thistripcoversbothcountries.Somedaysincludetheoptionofclimbingtosnowypeaksortakingeasier,lower-altitudeoptions,andyou’lllikelymeettheGorals—aculturally-distinctgroupknownas“highlanders”.Mostmemorableactivitywillbewalkingalongthe300m-highDunajecRivertospatownSzczawnica.Sevennights£630,includingtransport,luggagetransfersandwalkingnotes.LastdepartureOctober24.FlowersandfetaGreece’sPelionPeninsulaisaplaceknownasthe“LandoftheCentaurs(人首马身的怪物)”foritsassociationwiththemythologicalhorse-humanhybrids.Betweenvillagesofwhitewashed,flower-decoratedstonehouses,walkerscanfollowoldpathsontomountainsides,andwanderthrougholivegrovesorbesidetheglitteringAegeanSea.Somedaysyieldswimmingopportunities,andothersthechancetorechargeinalocalpubofsomebeansoupandfeta-cheesebread.Sevennights£535,includingtransport,luggagetransfersandwalkingnotes.LastdepartureOctober23.1．WhatcanyoudowhenyouareintheunknownCilento?A．Swiminapool.B．Haveaspa.C．Exploremedievaltowns.D．Walkthrougholivegroves.7/72．WhichdestinationisyourbestchoiceifyouintendtotraveltoEuropeafterOctober?A．Turkey.B．Cilento.C．Greece.D．Krakow.3．Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?A．ItisamonsterthatfuelsthefireinYanartasregion.B．Mealsarefreewhenyouaretakingthefirstadventure.C．YoucanenjoyaspafromGoralsinthetownSzczawnica.D．BeansoupcanbeservedinthepubofGreece’sPelionPeninsula.BLouGehrig(1903-1941)wasabaseballplayerwiththeNewYorkYankeesfor17seasons.Hewasapowerfulhitterknownas“TheIronHorse”.Gehrigwasastrong,toughandverymoralman.Hisfatherwasoftenout-of-workbecausehewasanalcoholicandhismotherwasamaid.Histwosistersandonlybrotherdiedyoung.Asayoungboy,Gehrighelpedhismotherwithherwork.However,heneverlethistoughstartholdhimback.HestartedplayingfortheYankeesin1923afterattendingColumbiaUniversity,settingmanymajorleaguerecordsduringhiscareer.Thisincludedthemostconsecutivegamesplayed(2130games),arecordonlybroken56yearslaterin1995.Sadly,attheageof36,hestartedtotiremid-seasonandhisspeedandcooperationabilityfaded.Heresigned.Soonafterhewasdiagnosedwithaformofmotorneurondiseasenamedamyotrophiclateralsclerosis(ALS).Hedeliveredhisfarewell-to-baseballspeechtohisteammatesandfanson4JulyofthesameyearattheYankeeStadium.Afterhisspeech,thecrowdstoodandclappedforalmosttwominutes.TheNewYorkTimesreportedthatitwas“oneofthemosttouchingsceneseverwitnessedonaballfield”.Gehrigdiedtwoyearslaterofthedisease.Thisincreasedawarenessofthediseaseanditssymptoms;inNorthAmericaitisstillcommonlyknownas“LouGehrig’sdisease”.TheLouGehrigMemorialAwardisgiveneachyeartotheMajorLeagueBaseballplayerwhobestexhibitsGehrig’sintegrityandcharacter.4．WhendidLouGehriggivehisspeech?A．in1903.B．in1923.C．in1939.D．in1940.5．WhoaretheaudienceforLou’sspeech?A．Hisfamily.B．Hisfriends.C．Hisopponents.D．Hissupporters.6．Whyistheillnessknownas“LouGehrig’sdisease”?A．LouGehrignamedthedisease.B．Thisdiseaseisrelatedtoplayingbaseball.C．PeoplegettoknowthediseaseduetoLouGehrig.D．ThediseasehadneverappearedbeforeLouGehrigcaughtit.7.WhatwordcanbestdescribeLouGehrigaccordingtothepassage?A．Determinedandpersistent.B．Emotionalandpatient.C．Wealthyandhumorous.D．Gentleandgenerous.CWeknowthatthepandemic(流行病)hashadafar-reachingimpactonourminds—somuchsothatitmayhavechangedtheveryfabricofoursocietyaltogether.Mentalhealthprofessionalsthinkthatthosewithsocialanxietywillnotemergefromthepandemicunaffected.CounsellingDirectorymemberBeverleyBlackmansays,“Forpeoplewithsocialanxiety,lockdownwillmakethemdeeplyanxiousinoneway,andyetareliefinanother.”Headded,“Ononehand,apersonwithsocialanxietymayfeelrelievedthattheynolongerhavetosocializeinperson,buttheymayalsofeelthattheyhavelosttheopportunitytosocializewiththepeopletheyfeelsafeandsecurespendingtime7/7with,meaningthattheyfeelanewlevelofisolationandadifferentlevelofanxietyaboutsocializinginanyform.Withoutthesecurityofthosetheyfeelsafewith,self-confidencemayverywelldecreaserapidly.Lockdownmayhavehadanegativeimpactonthosewithsocialanxiety.”DrDariaJ.Kuss,associateprofessorinpsychologyatNottinghamTrentUniversity,says:“Followingthelockdown,peopleinthiscountrywereallowedtomeetupagain,whichforindividualswithsocialanxietymayhaveledtostressandworry.Theymaynotbecomfortablebeingexpectedtobe‘social’again,especiallywheninlargergroups,andmayworryaboutsayingthewrongthingsandaskingthewrongquestionsastheyarereintegratingintotheirofflinesociallives.”Furthermore,Beverleysaysourevenbiggerrelianceonsocialmediaanddigitalcommunicationinthemidstoflockdowncouldalsohaveanegativeimpactonpeoplewithsocialanxiety.Shesays“Forsomepeoplewithsocialanxiety,communicationbymediacanbeevenharderthancommunicationinperson.Weknowthatwordsformonlyroughly7-10%ofthewayinwhichwecommunicateandthatwerelyonbodylanguage,facialexpression,toneofvoice,andunconscioussignalsbehindwordstoconveyourthoughtsandfeelings.”Whenitcomestowhatpeoplewithsocialanxietycandotofeelbetterasthelockdownsituationcontinuestoshift,Dr.Kusssays“Irecommendbeingopenandhonestwiththeirsocialenvironments.Friendsandfamilywillempathizewhentheconcernsarevoicedopenly.Engaginginfocusedbreathingandrelaxationmayalsohelpalleviatefeelingsofworryanddiscomfort.Finally,negativethinking(e.g.,“Idon’tknowwhattosay”)maybereplacedwithpositiveones(e.g.,“Iamgoodenough”and“Myfriendswanttoseeme”).”8．Whydopeoplewithsocialanxietyfeelrelievedduringthelockdown?A．Thereisnoonedisturbingtheirlife.B．Thereisnoneedforthemtosocialize.C．Theyhaveincreasedtheirself-confidence.D．Peoplecannolongercommunicatewitheachother.9．Whatdoestheunderlinedwordmeaninthethirdparagraph?A．Stimulate.B．Relieve.C．Begin.D．Develop.10．Whatcanbethegoodadviceforthosewithsocialanxietyduringthelockdown?A．Stayathomealone.B．Communicateonline.C．Openhearttostrangers.D．Takeapositiveattitude.11．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Staywithsafepeoplecanbringmoreconfidence.B．Lockdowncanhelppeopleovercomethefeelingofanxiety.C．Forpeoplewithsocialanxiety,lockdownisadouble-edgedsword.D．Itisasuitablewayforpeopleofsocialanxietytocommunicatebymedia.DMostofthe500whalesstranded(搁浅)offTasmaniahavenowdied.DozensmorestrickenwhaleshavebeenfoundinAustralia’slargestevermassstranding.Theestimatedtotalnowstandsataround500,withthemajorityofthatnumberdeadandatenthrescuedbyauthoritiesontheIslandstateofTasmania.Expertsbelievealloftheanimalswouldhavebeenpartofonelargegroup.Officialsbeganworkingtorescuesurvivorsamonganestimated270whalesfoundonMondayonabeachandtwosandbarsneartheremotecoastaltownofStrahan.Thenanother200whaleswerespottedfromahelicopteronWednesdaylessthan10kilometres(sixmiles)tothesouth.All200hadbeenconfirmeddeadbylateafternoon.Theywereamongthe380whalesthathavediedoverall,withestimatesfromearliertodaysuggestingthat30thatwerealivebutstrandedand50hadbeen7/7rescuedsinceTuesday,MrDeka,WildlifeServicemanagerexplained.Headded,“We’llcontinuetoworktofreeasmanyoftheanimalsaswecan.We’llcontinueworkingaslongasthereareliveanimals.”Itisnotknownwhatcausedtheanimalstorunaground.Whilestrandingeventsarenotunheardof,theyareveryrareinsuchlargenumbers.About30whalesintheoriginalstrandingweremovedfromthesandbarstoopenoceanonTuesday,butseveralgotstrandedagain.AboutathirdofthefirstgrouphaddiedbyMondayevening.Australia’slargestmassstrandinghadpreviouslybeen320pilotwhalesneartheWesternAustraliantownofDunsboroughin1996.Thisweek’sincidentisthefirstinvolvingmorethan500whalesinTasmaniasince2022.MarineConservationProgrammewildlifebiologistKrisCarlyonsaidthelatestmassstrandingwasthebiggestinAustraliaintermsofnumbersstrandedanddied.MarinescientistVanessaPirottasaidtherewereanumberofpotentialreasonswhywhalesmightbecomebeached,includingnavigationalerrors.Sheexplained,“Theydohaveaverystrongsocialsystem;theseanimalsarecloselybondedandthat’swhywehaveseensomanyinthiscaseunfortunatelyinthissituation.Rescuingthemdoesnotalwayswork,becausetheyarewantingtoreturnbacktothegroup,theymighthearthesoundsthattheothersaremaking,orthey’rejustdisorientedand,inthiscase,extremelystressed,andjustprobablysoexhaustedthattheyinsomecasesdon’tknowwheretheyare.”sheadded.12．Whatcanbeinferredfromthefirstparagraph?A．270whaleswererescuedonMonday.B．380whaleswerefounddeadonTuesday.C．500whaleswerefoundstrandedanddead.D．200whalesspottedfromahelicopterweredead.13．WhydidKrisCarlyonsaythiseventisthebiggestinAustralia?A．Rescueworkisnotdoneintime.B．Thenumberofthedeathislarge.C．Thecauseoftheeventisstillamystery.D．Therewasnoothersimilareventinrecentyears.14．WhichofthefollowingisNotthecauseofthestrandingofthewhales?A．Navigationalerrors.B．Overhuntingofthehumanbeings.C．Whales’grouplivingstyle.D．Whales’confusionandexhaustion.15．Wheredoesthispassagepossiblycomefrom?A．Anewspaper.B．Amagazine.C．Atextbook.D．Atravelbrochure.第二节（共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Goingonholidaydoesn’thavetobebadfortheenvironment,andtherearestillplentyofwaysinwhichyoucanhaveamuch-deservedbreakwithoutharmingtheenvironment.ForgetPlanesWhilemostformsoftransportproducecarbondioxide,oneofthegassesresponsibleforglobalwarming,planeshaveamassivecarbonfootprintbecauseofthehugenumberofmilestheytravel.____16____There’ssomuchtoseeanddointheUKyetmostofusoverlooktheendlesspossibilities.There’stheunparalleledbeautyoftheCornishcoastandthePeakandLakeDistrict.7/7EnjoythehistoryofastunningWelshcastle,tryboatingontheNorfolkBroadsorridethe‘HogwartsExpress’acrossScotland.OrtrytakingthetrainovertoEurope—withinsixhoursofLondonareAmsterdam’sfamousartgalleries.Alternatively,takethecartoCannesinjustoverhalfadayortheferrytoScandinaviaforholidaysyou’dnormallyonlydreamof.____17____Hotelscanbehugeproducersofgreenhousegasses—thinkaboutthewaterthat’swasted,allthebathroomproductsthrownouthalfusedandallthebuffetfoodthatgoesuneaten.Sochooseaneco-friendlyoptioninstead.Campingorahomestay—whereyoulivewithafamilyintheirownhome—aretwoofthebestoptions.____18____someofthethingstolookoutforarehotelsmadefromsustainablematerials,whichareenergyefficientorusetheirownsolarenergyandthatrecycle.Somealsohaveplantingprogramstoattractwildlife.PackwithcareThelessyoutake,thelighteryourcarbonfootprintbecausetheheavieryourluggageis,themorefuelittakestocarry.Sopacklightandpackresponsibly.____19____Alloftheirbottles,fromshampooandconditionertobodywashandmoisturizers,arenowmadefromrecycledplasticthatcanbere-purposedagainandagainsononewplasticisproduced.Andtheiriconicsoapbarsnowalsocomeinplastic-freepackaging.BuygiftsresponsiblyBringingbackgiftsforfriendsandlovedonesispartofthefunofaholiday.____20____Avoidanythingplastic,orifitisplasticmakesureitis100%recyclable,andmakesureyourfriendswilllovewhateveryougivethemsoitisn’tjustthrowninthebinheadedforlandfill.Trytobuypresentsmadebylocalcraftsmenthatwillbenefitthecommunityandhelptheireconomy.Anddon’tbringbackanythingmadefromshells,coraloranimalproducts,becauseyoudon’tknowifthey’refromsustainablesources.A．Considerlivinginaneco-friendlyhotelB．Thinkabouteco-friendlyaccommodationC．Butifyouinsistonstayinginthehotel,D．Butmakesureyouchooseitemscarefully.E．Sowhynotskipflyinginfavorofaholidayclosertohome?F．Ratherthanlieonabeach,whynothelpourpreciousplanetwhenyou’reaway?G．Takeenvironmentally-friendlybeautyandbathingproductswithyou,suchasDove’srange.第二部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分55分）第一节完形填空（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Whenmychildrenwereteenagers,I____21____afridgemagnetwithwhatwassaidtobeaFirstNationorNativeAmericanprayer.I____22____itonthedoorofourrefrigeratorinfullview.Ifoundthewordstobethought____23____andhopedtheywouldteachmychildrentohavemorepatienceandbemore____24____ofothers.Althoughmychildrenare____25____now,withhomesoftheirown,I’vekeptthemagnetonour____26____doorforthepasttwenty-fiveyears.Duringthattime,I’veoftenfoundthatthe____27____hashelpedmeseesituationsfromadifferentperspective.Forexample,anumberofyearsago,Iwasonmywaytoafarewellfunctionwithseveralcolleagues.Aswewereleavingtheoffice,we____28____ourothercolleague,Wendy,whohadpreviouslyplannedtoattendtheeventwithus.IaskedWendyifshewantedustowaitforher,and7/7sherespondedinafairlyrudemanner,____29____ourinvitation.Oneofmyothercolleagueswasquite____30____andclearlyangryoverWendy’sbehavior.“Idon’tknowwhyyouevenbotheredto____31____her,”shesaid.____32____onhowtiredWendyappearedassherushedawayfromus,IcommentedthatperhapsweshouldjustgiveWendya____33____andforgiveherforbeingrudeatthelastminute.Shewas____34____havingabadday,anditwasn’tworthholdingagrudge(怨恨)againstherifweweren’tawareofwhat____35____herunusualbehavior.Aweeklater,IlearnedthatwhenwecameacrossWendy,shewasreturningtotheofficefromamedicalappointment____36____shewastoldshehadpancreaticcancer.Shediedayearlater.Wendywasn’tbeingrudetous;shehadjustreceivedavery____37____diagnosis.Whetherit’safamilymemberwholetmedown,afriendwho____38____aconfidence,oradifficultcolleague,thequoteonmyfridge____39____me.Althoughit’snotalwayseasytoforgive,I’vebeenableto____40____alotofgrudgeovertheyearsbyfocusingonmymantra.21．A．missedB．lostC．purchasedD．sold22．A．spottedB．carriedC．droppedD．placed23．A．meaningfulB．interestingC．familiarD．unexpected24．A．awareB．forgivingC．ashamedD．confident25．A．workersB．parentsC．seniorsD．adults26．A．kitchenB．fridgeC．bedroomD．bathroom27．A．dreamB．messageC．targetD．relief28．A．bumpedintoB．sawoffC．knockeddownD．dealtwith29．A．demandingB．acceptingC．decliningD．delaying30．A．curiousB．amazedC．anxiousD．annoyed31．A．convinceB．promiseC．ignoreD．invite32．A．ReflectingB．CountingC．LookingD．Concentrating33．A．breakB．partyC．danceD．lesson34．A．suddenlyB．obviouslyC．passivelyD．naturally35．A．discoveredB．avoidedC．causedD．created36．A．whereB．thatC．whichD．what37．A．confusingB．shockingC．unusualD．casual38．A．builtB．lostC．betrayedD．possessed39．A．doubtedB．evaluatedC．guidedD．ordered40．A．takedownB．breakthroughC．comeaboutD．getridof第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下列短文，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。TheDoubleNinthFestival____41____(celebrate)ontheninthdayoftheninthlunarmonth.Itisalsoknown____42____theSeniorCitizens’Festival.Thefestival____43____(base)onthetheoryofYinandYang,thetwoopposingprinciplesinnature.Theancientsbelievedthatallnatural____44____(phenomenon)couldbeexplainedbythistheory.Numbersarerelatedtothistheory.EvennumbersbelongtoYinandoddnumberstoYang.Theninthdayoftheninthlunarmonthisaday____45____thetwoYangnumbersmeet.SoitiscalledChongyang.____46____(appreciate)chrysanthemum(菊花)anddrinkingchrysanthemumwinehavealwaysbeenatraditionduringtheDoubleNinthFestival.Chrysanthemumsareregardedasakindofflower____47____(have)thefunctionofanantitoxin(抗毒素)andcandrivetheevilaway.Asnineispronounced“jiu”meaninglonginChinese,sopeopleusethewordjiu____48____(express)themeaningoflongevitywithaperson’slife.Intheyearof1989,theDouble7/7NinthFestivalwasdesignatedasSenior’sDay—adaytorespecttheelderly.Membersofafamilyalso____49____(company)theirelderstohavea____50____(relax)dayinanaturalsettingwhilewishinghealthandhappinessuponthem.第三部分写作（共两节，满分35分）第一节短文改错（共10小题；每小题l分，满分10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。OfallthepeopleIhaveencounteredinmylife,apersonIadmiremostismyEnglishteacher.Workingforourclassteacher,shehastoworkaroundtheclocktotakegoodcareofusaswellasgivinglecturesandgradehomework.Shealwayswalkstowardsthebusstop,carryingabagfullofnotebookorabigfolderwithassessmentreportsshemakesthenightbefore.Sheistheonewhomwespendmajorpartofourdayandsheistheonewhoconstantencouragesustobreakbarriersandtobeextraordinary.Weoweallofoursuccesstohim.IwillnotforgetherinstructionsbutIwouldliketoexpresstomydeepestgratitudetoher.第二节书面表达（满分25分）你注意到同学们浪费食物的现象比较严重。请你为班级英语角写一篇短文，呼吁同学们珍惜粮食，杜绝浪费。内容包括：1．浪费食物的现象;2．杜绝浪费的原因;3．你的呼吁。注意:1．词数100左右;2．题目已为你写好。Don’twastefood!________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________7/7
