中学生标准学术能力诊断性测试2021年1月测试英语试卷本试卷共150分，考试时间100分钟。第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分60分）第一节（共15小题；每小题3分，满分45分）AWe’reallfamiliarwiththe“hoponhopoff”busesthattouraroundbigcities.Itseemsthere’snowanewoptioncomingthat’sbiggerandbetterthanthosethathavegonebefore.Nextyear,expeditioncompanyAdventuresOverlandissettolaunchanew“hoponhopoff”busservicethatwilltravel20,000kmfromIndiatoEngland.Thevehicle,whichwillhavespacefor20people,issettocross18countriesin70daysandpassengerswillbeabletostopoffincitiesalongtheway.Peoplelookingtobookthetripwillbeabletochooseiftheywanttotaketheentirejourney,oroneofthefourlegs(SoutheastAsia,China,CentralAsia,Europe).IfyoutaketheroutethatbeginsinDelhi,thebuswilltraveltoThailand,beforegoinguptoChina,thenontoRussiaandEuropeancitiessuchasWarsaw,PragueandBrussels—beforefinishinginLondon.AdventureOverland’sbusroutewaspartlyinspiredbytheHippieTrailbusesthatcrossedtheworldinthe50sand60s.Despitebeingthe“longestbusjourneyintheworld”,guestsareboundtobecomfortablewithfeaturessuchasbusinessclassseats,Wi-Fi,in-seatphonechargingpoints,privatelockersandindividualentertainmentsystemswithAUXandUSBports.Anyonelookingtobookthegreatvoyagemustbewillingtopartwithaconsiderableamountofmoney.Ticketsforthejourneyarepricedat£15,300andthefirstdepartureiscurrentlysetforMay2021.“ThebesttimetodothisjourneyisbetweenAprilandJune,becausethat’swhentheweatherisfavorabletostartthejourneyfromIndiathroughtoMyanmar,andtocrossthehighmountainsofChinaandKyrgyzstan,”AdventuresOverlandco-founderTusharAgarwaltoldCNN.“Therearealotofpeople,travelers,whowanttoexperiencetheseoverlandjourneys,buttheydon’twanttodrive.”1.Wherecanbethedestinationofthebusservice?A.China.B.Thailand.C.England.D.Russia.2.WhichofthefollowingisNotthefeatureofthe“hoponhopoff”buses?A.Comfortableseats.B.Privatelockers.-22-
C.AccessibleInternet.D.Computergames.3.Whenisthebesttimetotakethejourney?A.January.B.May.C.July.D.October.【答案】1.C2.D3.B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍一种新型的汽车旅行“hoponhopoff”。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“anew“hoponhopoff”busservicethatwilltravel20,000kmfromIndiatoEngland.”（一项新的公交服务hoponhopoff：将要从印度旅行20000千米到英国）可知，旅行的起点是印度，终点是英国，故选C项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“guestsareboundtobecomfortablewithfeaturessuchasbusinessclassseats,Wi-Fi,in-seatphonechargingpoints,privatelockersandindividualentertainmentsystems”（旅客们一定会很舒服的，因为有商务舱的座椅，Wifi，座位可以为手机充电，私人寄存柜和个人娱乐系统。）可知，这趟列车有舒服的座椅，可连接的网络，私人寄存柜，故选D项。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“ThebesttimetodothisjourneyisbetweenAprilandJune”（旅行最好的时间在四月和六月之间）可知，旅客们可以选择4月--6月的任意时间，故选B项。BWeneverknewwhymyfathertookoverstorytellingforhisthreelittlegirls,butwealwayssuspecteditwastosaveusfromSleepingBeauty.WaltDisney’smasterworkhitthebigsuburbanscreensin1959withamessageforgirlsasvividasitswidescreenTechnirama:Ifyou’reprettyenough,aprincewillrescueyou.Myfatherinventedaseriesofbedtimestoriesfeaturingthreeprincesseswhohappenedtobejustouragesandevenlookedlikeus.Forsomereason,thegrownupswereneveraroundwhendangerstruck.So,nightafternight,itwasuptothethreesisterstosavethevillage,whichtheyalwaysmanagedtodojustaboutthetimethatoneofusfellasleep.Itdidoccurtousthatthisvillagewaseitherhighlyunfortunateoritsadultsincrediblyclumsythatsomuchfelltotheselittlegirls.Wealsosawthatourparentswantedustobestrong.Thesegirlsdidn’tneedtoberescued.Theywerealert,wise,andbold.Thatwasenough.-22-
Buthowtocarrythisstorylineintolifewasnotobvious.Inmyearlyexperience,womenwerejustbeginningtobeadmittedtowhathadbeenmen-onlycolleges,andteachingjobsfollowed.Ilovedtotellmynetworkaboutthewelcomedinnerfornewgraduatestudentsinvast,candlelitGothichall.Isatnexttothedeanofthegraduateschool,whosefirstwordstomewere:“Idon’tknowwhythegraduateschoolisnowadmittingwomen.You’llalljustgetmarried,havebabies,andyoureducationwillbewasted.”Afterafewdaystorecover,Ibegantellingfriendsthisstoryandfoundtheirlaughterandsupportencouraging.Soon,Ihadaccumulatedmanysuchstories.Then,oneofthemhithard.AcolleagueItrustedurgedme,seriously,toquitteaching,because“Ifyoudon’tleavepoliticalscience,youwillloseeverythingfeminineaboutyou.”Ilaughed.Whilelosingsomeoneelse’sideaoffemininitymighthaveseemedagreatloss,losingweaknesssurelywasnot!Thepowerofthatpromisesupportedme.Itaughtpoliticalscienceforsevenmoreyearswithagreatsenseofappreciationfortheopportunity,untiltakingupjournalism,whichIlovedmore.Stillwaitingforaprince?Beone.4.Whydidfatherinventbedtimestoriesforhisthreelittlegirls?A.Tohelpthemfallasleep.B.Tomaketheirlifecolorful.C.Toencouragethemtobestrong.D.Tomaketheminterestedinstories.5.What’sthedean’sattitudetowardwomen?A.Positive.B.Objective.C.Prejudiced.D.Ambiguous.6.Whichofthefollowingmighttheauthormostagreewith?A.Womencanworkbetterthanmen.B.Atnotimeshouldwomenbelabeledasweak.C.Itisawasteoftimeforwomentogotocollege.D.Womenshouldgiveupeverythingtobefeminine.7.Whichsayingcanbestdescribethispassage?A.Greatmindsthinkalike.B.Judgenotabookbyitscover.C.Failureisthemotherofsuccess.D.Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.【答案】4.C5.C6.B7.B【解析】-22-
这是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了父亲为了鼓励三个女儿坚强勇敢、自强独立而给她们编了一系列睡前故事来教导她们。作者也因此受到父亲影响，接受高等教育，从教政治学以及新闻工作等，活出了女性的精彩而不是被对女性的偏见所束缚。【4题详解】推理判断题。由文章第二段“Myfatherinventedaseriesofbedtimestoriesfeaturingthreeprincesseswhohappenedtobejustouragesandevenlookedlikeus.Forsomereason,thegrownupswereneveraroundwhendangerstruck.So,nightafternight,itwasuptothethreesisterstosavethevillage,whichtheyalwaysmanagedtodojustaboutthetimethatoneofusfellasleep.”（我父亲发明了一系列睡前故事，讲的是三位公主，她们恰好和我们年龄相仿，甚至长得像我们。出于某种原因，当危险来临时，大人们总是不在场。所以，夜复一夜，只能靠三姐妹来拯救村子了，她们总是在我们其中一个睡着的时候成功拯救村子），根据此故事内容以及第三段“Wealsosawthatourparentswantedustobestrong.（我们也看到我们的父母希望我们变强大）”，再结合下文作者接受高等教育，从教政治学以及新闻工作等经历可知作者变得独立自强，而这得益于父亲以前通过给她编故事进行教导。由此可以推断，父亲以前给他三个女儿编睡前故事是为了鼓励女儿要变得强大。故选C项。【5题详解】推理判断题。由文章第四段“Isatnexttothedeanofthegraduateschool,whosefirstwordstomewere:“Idon’tknowwhythegraduateschoolisnowadmittingwomen.You’llalljustgetmarried,havebabies,andyoureducationwillbewasted.”（我坐在研究生院院长旁边，他对我说的第一句话是：我不知道为什么研究生院现在招收女生。你们都会结婚生子，你们的教育就白费了）”可知，这位院长对作者第一句话就是“我不知道为什么研究生院现在招收女生。你们都会结婚生子，你们的教育就白费了”，话语间体现的是对女性的不屑与偏见。故选C项。【6题详解】推理判断题。由文章最后一段“Whilelosingsomeoneelse’sideaoffemininitymighthaveseemedagreatloss,losingweaknesssurelywasnot!Thepowerofthatpromisesupportedme.（虽然失去别人对（我）女性特质的看法可能是一个巨大的损失，但失去别人对（我）软弱的看法绝对不是（损失）！这个承诺的力量支撑着我）”可知，作者认为失去别人对自己女性特质的看法（让别人认为自己没有女性特质）可能会是很大的损失，但失去别人对自己软弱的看法（让别人觉得自己不软弱）绝对不是损失。由此可推断作者认为女性并不应该就是软弱的，不应该给女性贴上软弱的标签。故选B项。【7题详解】-22-
主旨大意题。由文章总结段最后一段“Whilelosingsomeoneelse’sideaoffemininitymighthaveseemedagreatloss,losingweaknesssurelywasnot!Thepowerofthatpromisesupportedme.（虽然失去别人对（我）女性特质的看法可能是一个巨大的损失，但失去别人对（我）软弱的看法绝对不是（损失）！这个承诺的力量支撑着我）”以及全文作者讲到的一系列关于女性被以偏见待之，以及作者想表达的女性要独立自强、女性也可以强大的观点可知，B项“不要以貌取人”的说法最能总结描述这篇文章。故选B项。CWithreportssuggestingasecondwaveofcoronavirus(新冠病毒)maybeonitsway(orherealready),itmakessensetogiveyourselvesacheckifwe’restilldoingalltherightthings.Washinghandsisoneofthosethingsthatwewerehopefullyalreadydoing,butrealizedinthewakeofthepandemicthatwecouldalwaysbedoingitmoreandforlonger.Butwhataboutwashingourfood?Giventhenewsthattherehavebeenoutbreaksinfoodfactoriesandprocessingplants—fromBernardMatthewstoMr.Kiplinglocations—itdoesmakesensetothinkaboutit.Althoughthegovernmenthaveconfirmedthatthechanceofcatchingcoronavirusfromfoodandfoodpackagingis“veryunlikely”,washingfoodbeforeeatingisapartofgoodhabitthatcanreducethatsmallrisk.SallyBloomfield,chairofthescientificadvisoryboardoftheInternationalScientificForumonHomeHygienetellspeople,“Becausetheitemsyoupickofftheshelvesinthesupermarketwillhavebeentouchedbyotherpeople,thereisachancethatthepackagingmayhavebecomeharmfulviatheirhands.Washingyourshoppingisnotaquestionofwhetheritisnecessary,it’saboutminimizingrisk—andifsomeoneinthehomeisatincreasedriskofinfection,thisbecomesmoreimportant.”Dr.PerpetuaEmeagi,alecturerinHumanBiologyandBiologicalSciencesatLiverpoolHopeUniversity,says,“IfsomeonewithCOVID-19askedyouifyouwantedabiteoftheirsandwich,youclearlywouldn’tgoanywherenearit.”Andthesamecautionhastobetakenwitheverythingyoubringhomefromthesupermarket,asyousimplydon’tknowwho’sbeenhandlingitbeforeyou.ImagineascenewheresomeonewithCOVID-19hassneezedintotheirhandsbeforeenteringthestoreandpickingupatinofbeans.Thesamepersonchangeshismind,putsthetinofbeansbackontheshelf,onlyforyoutocomeandplaceitinyourbasketshortlyafterwards.Onthescienceside,shecontinues,“Officially,PublicHealthEnglandtellsusthattheamountofinfectiousvirusonanysurfaceislikelytohavedecreasedsignificantlyby24hours,andevenmoresoby48hours.Butthere’salsosome-22-
evidencetosuggesttheviruscouldsurviveforuptosevendaysoutsidethehumanbody.Surfaceslikecardboardandplastic—commonsupermarketpackagingproducts—areknowntoeffectivelyharborCOVID-19.Andmyadvicewouldbethis:washorwipedowneverythingyoubringhomethoroughlybeforeeitherputtinginyourcupboardsorconsumingit.”8.Whydidtheauthormentioncoronavirusinthefirstparagraph?A.Toleadtothetopic.B.Toattractyoungreaders.C.Togivesomeevidence.D.Torelatethelatestevent.9.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtoparagraph2?A.Peoplecanbynomeanscatchavirusfromfood.B.Washingfoodbeforeeatingisapositiveandnecessaryaction.C.Theitemsyoupickfromthesupermarketcanhavealotofviruses.D.Thegovernmenthasconfirmedthatthereisnoneedtowashfoodbeforeeating.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordmeaninparagraph3?A.Cause.B.Destroy.C.Carry.D.Protect.11.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.Isitnecessarytowashfoodbeforeeating?B.Howcanwestopthespreadofcoronavirus?C.Whatarethebestwaystopickupgroceries?D.Whatshouldwedoifwewereinfectedwithcoronavirus?【答案】8.A9.B10.C11.A【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了吃东西前清洗食物的必要性及重要性。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Withreportssuggestingasecondwaveofcoronavirusmaybeonitsway(orherealready),itmakessensetogiveyourselvesacheckifwe’restilldoingalltherightthings.（有报道称，第二波新冠病毒可能即将到来(或者已经到来)，我们有必要检查一下自己是否还在做正确的事情。）”可推断，作者提到新冠病毒是为了引出文章主题——是否要清洗食物。故选A项。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Althoughthegovernmenthaveconfirmedthatthechanceof-22-
catchingcoronavirusfromfoodandfoodpackagingis“veryunlikely”,washingfoodbeforeeatingisapartofgoodhabitthatcanreducethatsmallrisk.（尽管政府已经证实，通过食品和食品包装感染冠状病毒的可能性“非常小”，但吃之前清洗食物是一个好习惯的一部分，可以降低这种小风险。）”可知，吃前清洗食物是一个好的且有必要的举措。故选B项。【10题详解】词义猜测题。根据文章第三段划线词前句“Butthere’salsosomeevidencetosuggesttheviruscouldsurviveforuptosevendaysoutsidethehumanbody.（但也有一些证据表明，这种病毒可以在人体之外存活7天。）”可知，食品包装也会携有（carry）病毒。故选C项。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Butwhataboutwashingourfood?Giventhenewsthattherehavebeenoutbreaksinfoodfactoriesandprocessingplants—fromBernardMatthewstoMr.Kiplinglocations—itdoesmakesensetothinkaboutit.（但是清洗食物呢?从伯纳德·马修斯到吉卜林先生所在的食品厂和加工厂已经爆发了疫情，考虑到这一点是有意义的。）”及全文内容可知，文章主要论述吃前清洗食物是否有必要。所以短文的最佳标题为“吃前清洗食物是否有必要”。故选A项。DScientistsbelievethatbirdsinNorthAmericaareshrinkingbecauseofrisingtemperaturesassociatedwithclimatechange.Astudypublishedinthepeer-reviewedEcologyLettersfoundnotonlythatbirds’bodiesareshrinking,butalsothattheirlegsaregettingshorterandwingsaregettinglonger.DavidWillard,studyco-author,measured70,716NorthAmericanmigratorybirdsof52differentspeciesfrom1978to2016.Fornearly40years,scientistsandresearcherswokeupatabout3:30a.m.tocollectandmeasurebirdsthatcrashedintothemuseum’swindowsduringthespringorfallmigrationperiod,accordingtotheFieldMuseum.“Itstartedasaverycasualstudy—someonementionedthatbirdssometimesrunintoMcCormickPlace,andIwascurious,soIwentforawalkaroundthebuildingonemorning,”Willardsaidinthemuseum’spressrelease.“IfoundsomedeadbirdsandIbroughtthembacktothemuseum.”Willarddiscoveredthatovertimethebirds’massdecreasedbyabout2.6%andleglengthdecreasedbyabout2.4%.Healsofoundthattheirwinglengthincreasedbyabout1.3%.Scientistsalsomeasuredtemperature,precipitation,vegetationandotherfactors.Theyfoundthatwarmer-22-
temperatureswereassociatedwithasmallerbodysize.Co-authorBenjaminWinger,whoalsostudiestheevolutionandecologyofbirdsatUniversityofMichigan,toldTheWashingtonPostthatwarmertemperatureshavehadan“almostuniversaleffect”onshrinkingotheranimals.Thefindingswereconsistentwitha2017studythatresearchedthebreedingofwildzebrafinchesacrossarangeoftemperatures.Scientistsfoundthatahotterclimateduringbreedingperiodsproducedsmallerbirds.Authorsofthemostrecentstudy,however,alsonotedthatothercomplicationsofclimatechange,suchasfoodlimitationandenvironmentalpollution,couldhavesomethingtodowithbodysizereduction.12.WhathappenedtothebirdsinNorthAmerica?A.Theylackfood.B.Theysufferfromdrought.C.Theirbodysizesdecrease.D.Theydieofclimatechange.13.WhydidWillardwalkaroundMcCormickPlace?A.Toseehowthebirdsmigrate.B.Tofindoutthereasonofthebirds’death.C.Tomakecausalobservations.D.Tocheckiftherearedeadbirds.14.Whatdoweknowaboutazebrafinchaccordingtothepassage?A.It’sabirdaffectedbywarmtemperature.B.It’sakindofzebrathatlivesinthewild.C.It’sabirdwhosewinglengthhasincreasedby1.3%.D.It’sakindofzebraofasmallsize.15.Whichofthefollowinghasnoconnectionwithbirds’shrinking?A.Foodlimitation.B.Temperature.C.Vegetation.D.Environmentalpollution.【答案】12.C13.D14.A15.C【解析】这是一篇说明文。科学家们认为，北美的鸟类体型正在变小是因为气候变化导致的气温上升，研究发现，不仅鸟类的身体在萎缩，它们的腿也在变短，翅膀在变长。文章介绍了研究人员是如何开展这项研究以及他们得到的一些发现。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“ScientistsbelievethatbirdsinNorthAmericaareshrinkingbecauseofrisingtemperaturesassociatedwithclimatechange.Astudypublishedinthepeer-reviewedEcology-22-
Lettersfoundnotonlythatbirds’bodiesareshrinking,butalsothattheirlegsaregettingshorterandwingsaregettinglonger.(科学家们认为，北美的鸟类体型正在变小是因为气候变化导致的气温上升。发表在同行评议的《生态学快报》上的一项研究发现，不仅鸟类的身体在萎缩，它们的腿也在变短，翅膀在变长)”可知，北美鸟类的体型变小了。故选C。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Fornearly40years,scientistsandresearcherswokeupatabout3:30a.m.tocollectandmeasurebirdsthatcrashedintothemuseum’swindowsduringthespringorfallmigrationperiod,accordingtotheFieldMuseum.“Itstartedasaverycasualstudy—someonementionedthatbirdssometimesrunintoMcCormickPlace,andIwascurious,soIwentforawalkaroundthebuildingonemorning,”Willardsaidinthemuseum’spressrelease.“IfoundsomedeadbirdsandIbroughtthembacktothemuseum.”(菲尔德博物馆表示，近40年来，科学家和研究人员每天凌晨3点半起床，收集和测量那些在春季或秋季迁徙期间撞到博物馆窗户上的鸟类。Willard在博物馆的新闻发布会上说：“这开始时是一项非常随意的研究——有人提到鸟儿有时会跑到麦考密克广场，我很好奇，于是有一天早上我就在大楼周围散步。我发现了一些死鸟，我把它们带回了博物馆。”)”可知，Willard在麦考密克广场转悠，是为了查看是否有死鸟。故选D。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Thefindingswereconsistentwitha2017studythatresearchedthebreedingofwildzebrafinchesacrossarangeoftemperatures.Scientistsfoundthatahotterclimateduringbreedingperiodsproducedsmallerbirds.(这些发现与2017年的一项研究一致，该研究研究了在不同温度范围内野生斑胸草雀的繁殖情况。科学家们发现，在繁殖期，较热的气候会产生较小的鸟类)”可知，斑胸草雀是一种受温暖气候影响的鸟。故选A。【15题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“ScientistsbelievethatbirdsinNorthAmericaareshrinkingbecauseofrisingtemperaturesassociatedwithclimatechange.(科学家们认为，北美的鸟类体型正在变小是因为气候变化导致的气温上升)”以及最后一段“Authorsofthemostrecentstudy,however,alsonotedthatothercomplicationsofclimatechange,suchasfoodlimitationandenvironmentalpollution,couldhavesomethingtodowithbodysizereduction.(然而，这项最新研究的作者也指出，气候变化带来的其他问题，如食物限制和环境污染，可能与体型缩小有关)”可知，食物限制、温度和环境污染都与鸟类体型变小有关，而没有提到C项“植被”。故选C。-22-
第二节（共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Nomatterhowwellyoudoinaninterview,arrivingmorethanafewminuteslateforajobinterviewislikelytohaveanegativeeffectonanemployer’simpressionofyou._____16_____.Insituationswhereyoujustcan’thelpbeinglate,usethesetipsaseffectivelyaspossible.CallinAdvanceIfyou’rerunninglateforajobinterview,andifyou’redoubtfulwhetheryou’llmakeitontime,alwayscallinadvance.Informwhoeveranswersthephonethatyou’rerunninglateforajobinterview._____17_____.SincerelyApologizeEarnestlyacknowledgeyourmistakeandexpressregretoverhavingmadeyourinterviewerwait._____18_____.Nobodylikeshavingtowaitforsomebodywho’slate,especiallyemployerswhohavebusyschedules._____19_____Crazytraffic,defective(有缺陷的)alarmclocks,orworkdelayssoundlikeweakexcusestoanemployerwhosettimeasidespecificallytotalktoyouaboutajob.Anythingbutafamilyemergencyorsevereaccidentisunlikelytoconvinceyourinterviewer.Whenarrivinglatetoajobinterviewisunavoidable,honestyisabetterchoice.PutYourGameFaceBackOnAstiredasyoumightfeelaboutbeinglate,takeamomenttobreathedeeply,gatheryourthoughts,andregainyourcalmbeforemeetingtheinterviewer._____20_____.A.AvoidmakingupexcusesB.PreparefortheInterviewinadvanceC.Giverealistictimeframeofwhenyou’llarriveD.YoushouldattachimportancetotheinterviewE.Don’tletyourtiredfaceruintheentireinterviewF.Thenrespectfullymoveonanddon’tfocusonyourdelayG.Yourbeinglatemayinfluenceyourchancesofgettingthejob【答案】16.G17.C18.F19.A20.E-22-
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了，参加面试时忍不住要迟到的情况下，应对的方法。【16题详解】由上一句“Nomatterhowwellyoudoinaninterview,arrivingmorethanafewminuteslateforajobinterviewislikelytohaveanegativeeffectonanemployer’simpressionofyou.”（无论你在面试中表现如何，迟到几分钟参加面试都可能使雇主对你的印象产生负面影响。）可知，面试迟到会使雇主对应聘者印象不好，结合常识可知，这直接会影响得到工作的机会，上下句顺承关系，承接上文，G选项“你迟到可能会影响你得到这份工作的机会”切题。故选G项。17题详解】本文主要讲，参加面试时忍不住要迟到的情况下，应对的方法。由上两句“Ifyou’rerunninglateforajobinterview,andifyou’redoubtfulwhetheryou’llmakeitontime,alwayscallinadvance.Informwhoeveranswersthephonethatyou’rerunninglateforajobinterview.”（如果你面试要迟到了，如果你怀疑自己能否准时到达，一定要提前打电话。告诉接电话的人你面试要迟到了。）可知，你觉得自己要迟到了，无法准时到达，所以要给出应对方法，即打电话告知对方自己面试要迟到，和大约什么时候到达参加面试，承接上文，C选项“给出你到达的实际时间框架（范围）”切题。故选C项。【18题详解】由上一句“Earnestlyacknowledgeyourmistakeandexpressregretoverhavingmadeyourinterviewerwait.”（诚恳地承认你的错误，并对让面试官久等表示遗憾。）和下一句“Nobodylikeshavingtowaitforsomebodywho’slate,especiallyemployerswhohavebusyschedules.”（没有人喜欢等迟到的人，尤其是那些工作繁忙的雇主。）可知，面试迟到后，诚恳地承认错误，鉴于雇主都很忙，所以接下来要恭敬地进行面试，不要再浪费时间纠结于迟到问题了，上下文是顺承关系，承接上下文，F选项“然后恭敬地继续前进，不要把注意力集中在你的拖延上”切题。故选F项。【19题详解】由下两句“Crazytraffic,defective(有缺陷的)alarmclocks,orworkdelayssoundlikeweakexcusestoanemployerwhosettimeasidespecificallytotalktoyouaboutajob.Anythingbutafamilyemergencyorsevereaccidentisunlikelytoconvinceyourinterviewer.-22-
”（疯狂的交通，有缺陷的闹钟，或者工作延误，对于一个专门留出时间和你谈论工作的雇主来说，这些听起来都是软弱的借口。除了家庭紧急情况或严重事故，任何事情都不可能说服面试官。）可知，对面试官而言，除了家庭紧急情况或严重事故，诸如交通堵塞等任何借口都不可能说服面试官，因此不要试图为自己的迟到编造借口（这不奏效），承接下文，A选项“避免编造借口”切题。故选A项。【20题详解】由本段小标题“PutYourGameFaceBackOn”（严肃点）和上一句“Astiredasyoumightfeelaboutbeinglate,takeamomenttobreathedeeply,gatheryourthoughts,andregainyourcalmbeforemeetingtheinterviewer.”（尽管你可能会因为迟到而感到疲倦，但在与面试官见面之前，花点时间深呼吸，集中思想，恢复平静。）可知，面试是一件很严肃的事，所以即使因为迟到而疲惫，也要花时间整理自己，使自己精神状态变好，严肃对待面试，因为疲惫/精神状态差会让面试官认为你不重视面试，这于面试结果不利，毁了你的面试，承接上文，E选项“别让你疲惫的脸毁了整个面试”切题。故选E项。第二部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分55分）第一节完形填空（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。WhenIwasinjuniorhighschoolwhatmy_____21_____thoughtofmewasreallyimportanttome.Duringthoseyears,Igrewmuchtallerthanmostofmypeers.Beingsotallmademefeel_____22_____,forIcan’t_____23_____myfriends’tease.Tokeepthefocusoffmeandmyunusual_____24_____,Ijoinedinthosewhowould_____25_____otherkidsatschool.Beingoneoftheclassclownsgavemeawayto_____26_____thatthejokesweredirectedatothersandnotatme.Iwouldpullallkindsoftricksthatwere_____27_____,andsometimesevenharmfultoothers.OncemyfriendsandIputacaterpillarontheneckofagirl.She_____28_____withfright.Ithoughtitwasgoingtobe_____29_____butitendedupthatnoonethoughtitwas—leastofallmyfather.Myparentsdidn’talwaysthinkthatmy______30______wasfunny.They______31______meaboutthegoldenrule:totreatothersasyouwouldliketobetreated.Manytimes,Iwas______32______forthehurtfulwaythatIwastreatingothers.WhatIwasdoingwas______33______otherkids,andinturnhurtingmy______34______aswell.Myparentswantedmetobea______35______whowasagoodexampletoothers.Theytaughtmeto______36______myowngoals,andtodothebesttoachievethem.SoIwentallouttofollowmyfather’s______37______.Isometimeshaveto______38______andthinkbeforeIact,andI-22-
makemistakesoccasionally—everyoneishuman.ButIcontinuetolookforopportunitieswhereIcanmakea______39______becauseofmyfather’sadvice.Inowpassitontoyou.“Bealeader,Shag,nota______40______.Sincepeoplealreadyhavetolookuptoyou,givethemagoodreasontodoso.”21.A.parentsB.roommatesC.teachersD.friends22.A.delightedB.uncomfortableC.amusedD.disappointed23.A.bearB.considerC.receiveD.appreciate24.A.habitB.personalityC.heightD.hobby25.A.getalongwithB.giveintoC.communicatewithD.playjokeson26.A.findoutB.pointoutC.makesureD.buildup27.A.interestingB.enjoyableC.sorrowfulD.hurtful28.A.blewB.screamedC.sleptD.laughed29.A.equalB.efficientC.funnyD.beneficial30.A.behaviorB.feelingC.inventionD.plan31.A.confusedB.remindedC.saddenedD.urged32.A.disciplinedB.betrayedC.cheatedD.arrested33.A.hurtingB.assistingC.scoldingD.punishing34.A.positionB.gradesC.emotionD.reputation35.A.companionB.teacherC.doctorD.leader36.A.setB.accomplishC.abandonD.grasp37.A.explanationB.adviceC.accountD.charge38.A.travelB.stopC.runD.jump39.A.fussB.livingC.differenceD.point40.A.visitorB.loserC.followerD.employer【答案】21.D22.B23.A24.C25.D26.C27.D28.B29.C30.A31.B32.A33.A34.D35.D36.A37.B38.B39.C40.C-22-
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述作者上高中的时候特别在意朋友的看法。那时候作者长的比同龄人高很多，这让他很不自在，为了转移他人的注意力，他开始跟一些人一起捉弄别的同学，作者的父母不认同作者的做法，他们提醒作者要想得到他人的尊重，必须先尊重他人。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我上高中的时候，朋友们对我的看法对我来说很重要。A.parents父母；B.roommates室友；C.teachers老师；D.friends朋友。根据上文“WhenIwasinjuniorhighschool（当我上高中的时候）”以及下文“forIcan’t___3__myfriends’tease（因为我不能忍受朋友的嘲笑。）”可知作者很在意朋友的看法。故选D。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：长这么高让我很不自在。A.delighted开心的；B.uncomfortable不自在的；C.amused愉快的；D.disappointed失望的。根据下文“forIcan’t__3__myfriends’tease.（因为我不能忍受朋友的嘲笑。）”可知，他害怕因为他长的高被朋友们嘲笑，所以他因为自己长的高而不自在。故选B。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：因为我不能忍受朋友的嘲笑。A.bear忍受；B.consider考虑；C.receive收到；D.appreciate感激。根据第一句“WhenIwasinjuniorhighschool,whatmy__1___thoughtofmewasreallyimportanttome.（当我上高中的时候，朋友的对我的看法对我来说很重要。）”可知，作者很在意朋友的看法，所以不能忍受朋友的嘲笑。故选A。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了转移他们对我和我不同寻常的身高的注意力，我开始跟一些人一起捉弄别的同学。A.habit习惯；B.personality性格；C.height高度；D.hobby爱好。根据上文“Igrewmuchtallerthanmostofmypeers.（我长的比同龄人高很多。）”可知，作者想转移别人对他的身高的关注。故选C。【25题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我开始跟一些人一起捉弄别的同学。A.getalongwith与……相处；B.giveinto屈服于；C.communicatewith与……交流；D.playjokeson捉弄。根据下文“Beingoneoftheclassclownsgavemeawayto___6___thatthejokesweredirectedatothersandnotatme.（成为班里的小丑让我有了一种方法来确保那些捉弄是直接针对别人而不是我。）”可知，作者跟一些人一起捉弄别的同学。故选D。-22-
【26题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A.findout查明；B.pointout指出；C.makesure确保；D.buildup逐步增强。根据上文“Tokeepthefocusoffmeandmyunusual__4___,（为了转移他们对我和我不同寻常的身高的注意力，）”可知，作者的目的是确保别人不再关注他。故选C。【27题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我会耍各种各样的伤害人的花招，有时候甚至是对别人有害的。A.interesting有趣的；B.enjoyable愉快的；C.sorrowful悲伤的；D.hurtful有害的，伤感情的。根据下文“Iwas___12___forthehurtfulwaythatIwastreatingothers.（我因为这种伤害人的对待别人的方式受到了惩罚。）”可知，此处为伤害人的。故选D。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她害怕地尖叫。A.blew吹；B.screamed尖叫；C.slept睡觉；D.laughed嘲笑。根据上文“OncemyfriendsandIputacaterpillarontheneckofagirl.（有一次我朋友和我把一只毛虫放在一个女孩的背上。）”可知，女孩害怕地尖叫。故选B。【29题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我原以为这会很有趣。A.equal平等的；B.efficient高效的；C.funny有趣的；D.beneficial有益的。根据下文“Myparentsdidn’talwaysthinkthatmy__10__wasfunny.（我父母并不总是认为我的行为是有趣的。）”，可知作者原以为自己的行为很有趣。故选C。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我父母并不总是认为我的行为是有趣的。A.behavior行为；B.feeling感觉；C.invention发明；D.plan计划。根据上文“OncemyfriendsandIputacaterpillarontheneckofagirl.（有一次我朋友和我把一只毛虫放在一个女孩的背上。）”可知，此处指作者捉弄别人的行为。故选A。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们提醒我黄金法则：对待别人就像你希望别人对待你一样。A.confused使困惑；B.reminded提醒，使想起；C.saddened使伤心；D.urged敦促。根据下文“totreatothersasyouwouldliketobetreated.（对待别人就像你希望别人对待你一样。）”可知父母是想提醒作者想要怎样被对待，就怎样对待别人。故选B。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我因为这种伤害人的对待别人的方式受到了惩罚。A.disciplined惩戒；B.betrayed出卖；C.cheated欺骗；D.arrested逮捕。根据上文“Myparentsdidn’talwaysthink-22-
thatmy__10__wasfunny.（我父母并认为我的行为是有趣的。）”可知，父母不赞同作者的做法，因此惩戒了他。故选A。33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我做的事情伤害了别的孩子，相应地也会伤害我的名声。A.hurting伤害；B.assisting帮助；C.scolding责骂；D.punishing惩罚。根据上文“Iwas___12___forthehurtfulwaythatIwastreatingothers.（我因为这种伤害人的对待别人的方式受到了惩罚。）”可知，作者的行为是伤害了别的孩子。故选A。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我做的事情伤害了别的孩子，相应地也会伤害我的名声。A.position位置；B.grades分数；C.emotion情感；D.reputation名声。根据前半句“WhatIwasdoingwas___13____otherkids,（我做的事情伤害了别的孩子，）”可知，作者的行为伤害了别人，相应地别人对他的评价也不好，即损害名声。故选D。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我父母想让我成为一个能为别人树立好榜样的领导者。A.companion同伴；B.teacher老师；C.doctor医生；D.leader领导者。根据下文“Bealeader,做一个领导者”可知，父母希望他成为领导者。故选D。【36题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们教我设定自己的目标，并且竭尽全力去实现它们。A.set设定；B.accomplish完成，实现；C.abandon抛弃；D.grasp抓紧。根据下文“andtodothebesttoachievethem.（并且竭尽全力去实现它们。）”可知，父母教他先设定目标，然后为之奋斗。故选A。【37题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以我竭尽全力听从我父亲的建议。A.explanation解释；B.advice建议；C.account账户；D.charge负责。根据下文“ButIcontinuetolookforopportunitieswhereIcanmakea___19___becauseofmyfather’sadvice.（因为我父亲的建议，我可以在我能产生影响的地方继续寻找机会。）”可知，此处是父亲给的建议。故选B。【38题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：有时候在我行动之前我不得不停下来思考。A.travel旅行；B.stop停下；C.run跑，经营；D.jump跳。根据下文“thinkbeforeIact（在行动之前思考）”可知，行动之前停下来思考。故选B。【39题详解】-22-
考查固定搭配。句意：因为我父亲的建议，我可以在我能产生影响的地方继续寻找机会。A.fuss忙乱，大惊小怪；B.living生计；C.difference不同；D.point点。makeafuss“大惊小怪”；makealiving“谋生”；makeadifference“起作用，产生影响”；makeapoint“重视”。故选C。【40题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：Shag，要做一个领导者而不是一个跟随者。A.visitor参观者；B.loser失败者；C.follower跟随者；D.employer雇主。根据下文“Sincepeoplealreadyhavetolookuptoyou,givethemagoodreasontodoso.（因为人们已经开始崇拜你了，给他们一个这么做的好的理由。）”可知，要做领导者而不是追随者。与前面的leader形成对比，故选C。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下列短文，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。AnewstudyatSanDiegoStateUniversity(SDSU)findsaconnectionbetweenhappinessandsocioeconomicstatus,_____41_____(include)incomeandeducation,hasbeengrowingsteadilystronger.UsingdatafromtheGeneralSocialSurvey,SDSUpsychologistJeanTwengeandherLynnUniversityco-authorA•BellCooper_____42_____(explore)dataon44,198U.S.adultsfrom1972to2016.Thefindings_____43_____(publish)intheAmericanPsychologicalAssociationJournalEmotion.Thefindingsshowthat,onaverage,themoreincomesomeonemakes,the_____44_____(happy)theyare.Twenge’sresearchalsodiscoveredhappinessismore_____45_____(strong)relatedtoincomenowthan_____46_____wasinthe1970sand1980s.Twengeconcludesmoneyindeedcanbuymorehappinessnow_____47_____itdidinthepast.Anotherpossible_____48_____(explain),Twengesaid,couldbelinkedto_____49_____(marry).______50______therateswereoncesimilarbetweenlowerandhigher-incomeAmericans,lower-incomeAmericansnowarelesslikelytomarry,andmarriedpeoplearereportedlyhappieronaverage.【答案】41.including42.explored43.werepublished44.happier45.strongly46.it47.than-22-
48.explanation49.marriage50.Though/Although【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了圣地亚哥州立大学的一项新研究发现，幸福与社会经济地位（包括收入和教育）之间的联系一直在稳步增强。文章介绍了这项研究的一些发现和背后的原因。【41题详解】考查介词。句意：圣地亚哥州立大学的一项新研究发现，幸福与社会经济地位（包括收入和教育）之间的联系一直在稳步增强。结合句意表“包括……在内”，后跟名词作宾语，应用介词including。故填including。【42题详解】考查动词时态。句意：利用《综合社会调查》的数据，圣地亚哥州立大学心理学家JeanTwenge和她的林恩大学合著者A•BellCooper研探索了44198名美国成年人从1972年到2016年的数据。描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填explored。【43题详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：该研究结果发表在美国心理学协会的期刊《情感》上。描述过去发生的事情用一般过去时，且主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为findings，谓语动词用复数。故填werepublished。【44题详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：研究结果表明，平均而言，一个人赚的钱越多，他们就越幸福。此处为句型“the+比较级，the+比较级”，表示“越……，越……”，故应填形容词比较级happier。故填happier。【45题详解】考查副词。句意：Twenge的研究还发现，与上世纪七八十年代相比，现在的幸福感与收入的关系更为密切。修饰短语berelatedto，应用副词strongly，作状语。故填strongly。【46题详解】考查代词。句意：Twenge的研究还发现，与上世纪七八十年代相比，现在的幸福感与收入的关系更为密切。指代上文happiness，应用代词it。故填it。【47题详解】-22-
考查连词。句意：Twenge得出结论说，现在金钱的确可以买到比过去更多的幸福。根据上文比较级morehappiness，可知应填than，表示“比……更……”。故填than。【48题详解】考查名词。句意：Twenge说，另一种可能的解释可能与婚姻有关。空处作主语，表示“解释”应用名词explanation，表抽象概念，不可数。故填explanation。【49题详解】考查名词。句意：Twenge说，另一种可能的解释可能与婚姻有关。空处作宾语，表示“婚姻”应用名词marriage，表抽象概念，不可数。故填marriage。【50题详解】考查状语从句。句意：虽然低收入和高收入美国人的结婚比率曾经相似，但低收入美国人现在结婚的可能性较小，而且据报道已婚人士平均来说更幸福。引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然”应用though或although，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Though/Although。第三部分写作（共两节，满分35分）第一节短文改错（共10小题；每小题l分，满分10分）51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。Lastweekend,ourclassmatesaccompaniedbyourEnglishteachergotovisittheWestHillPark.Thatwasthefineday,whichmadeusrelaxing.Whenwearrivedattheparkinthemorning,ourteachersaskedustoappreciatethebeautifulscenery.Wenoticedsomeleavesturningyellowandsomestillremainingingreen.Thewholeparklookedjustasagreatpainting.Somestudentsbegantotakephotosinorderkeepthemomentforever.Wewalked,sangsomesongsandlaughedhappy.Wealwaysloseourselvesinstudyingbutforgettoeyethebeautyofnatureinperson.Idowishthattheirschoolcouldorganizemoreactivitieslikethisinthefuture.【答案】1.go→went2.the→a-22-
3.relaxing→relaxed4.teachers→teacher5.去掉remaining后的in6.as→like7.order后加to8.happy→happily9.but→and10.their→our【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述我们班同学和英语老师一起参观西山公园的经历。【详解】1.考查时态。句意：上周末，我们班同学和我们英语老师去参观西山公园。根据“Lastweekend”可知，陈述的是过去的事情，用一般过去时，故将go改为went。2.考查冠词。句意：那天天气晴朗，使我们都感到很放松。此处泛指一天，fine的发音以辅音音素开头，故将the改为a。3.考查形容词。句意：那天天气晴朗，使我们都感到很放松。修饰人用-ed结尾的形容词，故将relaxing改为relaxed。4.考查名词。句意：当我们早上到达公园的时候，我们的老师邀请我们一起欣赏漂亮的景色。根据上文“ourEnglishteacher”可知，只有一位英语老师，故使用名词单数。故将teachers改为teacher。5.考查系动词。句意：我们注意到一些树叶变黄，一些树叶仍然保持绿意。remain作为系动词，其后直接加形容词，意为“保持某种状态”。故将remaining后in删除。6.考查介词。句意：整个公园看起来就像一幅极好的油画。根据名词短语agreatpainting可知，应用介词like表示“好像”。故将as改为like。7.考查不定式。句意：为了将此刻永久保存，一些学生开始拍照。根据固定搭配“inordertodosth.”表示“为了做某事”。故在order后加to。8.考查副词，句意：我们散步，唱歌，开心地笑。根据句子结构可知，应用副词修饰动词laughed，故将happy改为happily。9.考查连词。句意：我们总是沉浸在学习中，并且忘记亲自去发现自然的美。“loseourselvesin-22-
studying”和“forgettoeyethebeautyofnatureinperson”是两个并列成分，故将but改为and。10.考查形容词性物主代词。句意：我希望我们的学校在将来可以组织更多这样的活动。根据“ourclassmates”及“ourteacher”可知，这次参观西山公园是我们学校组织的，故将their改为our。第二节书面表达（满分25分）52.目前越来越多的学生集中在有免费Wi-Fi的地方，而去图书馆的人却寥寥无几。请你分析产生这一现象的原因；并谈谈你的看法。【答案】WiththeincreasingpopularityofInternet,moreandmorestudentsrelyontheInternetandsmartmobilephones,floodingintotheplaceswithfreeWIFI,insteadofvisitingthepubliclibraries.Wellhowdoesithappen?Firstly,withthehelpofinformationtechnology,wecansurfourgadgetsfordifferentkindsofinformation,includingtexts,pictures,videosandthingsalike.What’smore,themobilephoneusersmayfinditmoreconvenienttoreadandstudyontheirsmartequipment,savingthemthetimetravelingtoandfromthelibraries.Inmyview,theknowledgeweobtainfromthemobilegadgetsistrivialandfragmented,butweneedmoresystematicknowledgetogainabetterunderstandingoftheconstantlychangingworld.Allinall,weshouldneverignorethepoweroflibraries.【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于议论文，要求考生就越来越多的学生集中在有免费Wi-Fi的地方，而去图书馆的人却寥寥无几这一现象分析背后的原因以及谈谈自己的看法。【详解】第一步：审题体裁：议论文时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时。结构：总分法总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。要求：目前越来越多的学生集中在有免费Wi-Fi的地方，而去图书馆的人却寥寥无几。请你分析产生这一现象的原因；并谈谈你的看法。第二步:列提纲（重点词组）-22-
theincreasingpopularityof;relyon;smartmobilephones;floodinto;withthehelpof;differentkindsof;convenient;equipment;trivial;systematicknowledge;gainabetterunderstandingof;allinall;ignore第三步：连词成句1.WiththeincreasingpopularityofInternet,moreandmorestudentsrelyontheInternetandsmartmobilephones,floodingintotheplaceswithfreeWIFI,insteadofvisitingthepubliclibraries.2.Firstly,withthehelpofinformationtechnology,wecansurfourgadgetsfordifferentkindsofinformation,includingtexts,pictures,videosandthingsalike.3.What’smore,themobilephoneusersmayfinditmoreconvenienttoreadandstudyontheirsmartequipment,savingthemthetimetravelingtoandfromthelibraries.4.Inmyview,theknowledgeweobtainfromthemobilegadgetsistrivialandfragmented,butweneedmoresystematicknowledgetogainabetterunderstandingoftheconstantlychangingworld.5.Allinall,weshouldneverignorethepoweroflibraries.根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）1.表文章结构顺序：Firstly2.表并列补充关系：Whatismore3.表转折对比关系：but连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。【点睛】[高分句型1]WiththeincreasingpopularityofInternet,moreandmorestudentsrelyontheInternetandsmartmobilephones,floodingintotheplaceswithfreeWIFI,insteadofvisitingthepubliclibraries.(运用了动名词作宾语)[高分句型2]What’smore,themobilephoneusersmayfinditmoreconvenienttoreadandstudyontheirsmartequipment,savingthemthetimetravelingtoandfromthelibraries.(运用了现在分词作状语)-22-
