兰州第一中学2022-2022学年高一12月月考英语试题第I卷第一部分:阅读理解(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共10小题;每小题2分,满分20分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。AElectricShocInjuriescausedbyelectricshocarefairlymon.Whenapersonhasreceivedanelectricshoc,nooneshouldgonearhim/heruntilthecurrenthasbeenturnedoff.Ifashococcurringatwororathomecausessomeonetoloseconsciousness(知觉),electricalconnectionmustbebroenbeforeanyonetriestogiveassistance.Youshouldeitherturnofftheswitchatthemainsor,ifthatisnotpossible,pushthepersonawaywithadrypieceofwood.TreatmentofShocLoooutforsignsofshoc.Peoplewhohavebeeninjuredorwhomayhavelostalotofblood,orthosewhohavehadheartattacs,maybeindeepshoc.Thesignstolooforarefaintness,paleness,amoist,sticysin,shallow,rapidbreathingandafastbutweaheartbeat.Shoccanprovefatal,anditisessentialtodosomethingtopreventitsdeveloping.Thebestwaytotreatorpreventshocistoeepthepatientlyingdown,betterwiththelegshigherthanthehead;ifpossible,raisethelowerpartofthebodyonarolled-uppacetorsimilarobject.Maethepatientasfortableaspossible,looseninganytightclothing,andforthim/herbecausefrightincreasestheeffectsofshoc.1.Whatwouldhappenifyoudidn’tturnoffthecurrentwhenyouhadtotreatanunconsciouspersonwhohadjustreceivedanelectricshoc?A.Hewouldregainhisconsciousnesssoon.B.Hewoulddiesoon.C.Electricalconnectionwouldbebroen.19/19D.Youwouldbeindangerofgettingtheshocyourself.2.Matchthepictureswiththepassages.A.Picture2.ElectricShoc;Picture3.TreatmentofShocB.Picture1.ElectricShoc;Picture4.TreatmentofShocC.Picture4.ElectricShoc;Picture2.TreatmentofShocD.Picture3.ElectricShoc;Picture1.TreatmentofShoc【答案】1.D2.D【解析】本是一篇介绍说明文。文章介绍了触电及触电后如何急救的相关知识。【1题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中的Whenapersonhasreceivedanelectricshoc,nooneshouldgonearhim/heruntilthecurrenthasbeenturnedoff.及第二段中的Ifashococcurring…electricalconnectionmustbebroenbeforeanyonetriestogiveassistance.可推知,如果你在治疗一个刚刚遭受电击的昏迷病人时没有关掉电流,你自己也有被电击的危险。故D选项正确。【2题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段可知,第3幅图描绘的是"ElectricShoc",由最后一段第二句Thebestwaytotreat...orsimilarobject."可判断出第1幅图描绘的是"TreatmentofShoc".故D选项正确。BMichaelFaradaywasthesonofablacsmith.Therewerefourchildreninhisfamilyand,withhisfatheroftenillandunabletowor,MichaelFaradayhadtoearnhislivingfromanearlyage.Thismeantlittleornoschooling.However,thefamilybelongedtoareligiousgroup,andFaradaylearnttoreadandwriteatSundaySchool.Whenhewasonlyfourteen,Faradayfoundajobasaboobinder(装订工).Heusedtoreadthebooshewasgiventobindandhebecameveryinterestedinthescientificboos,particularlytheonesabout19/19electricity.Hisinterestsoontooapracticalpathandhebeganconductinghisownexperiments.ThesewereverybasicbecauseFaradayhadtomaeallofhisequipmenthimself.However,hewasverycarefulandeptaclearwrittenrecordofallhisfindings.OnedayhewasgivenanentranceticettotheRoyalInstitutechemistrylecture,givenbyHumphryDavy.Determinedtoworforthisgreatscientist,hesentDavyajobapplicationandincludedhislaboratoryreportsontheexperimentshehadcarriedout.In1813DavyofferedFaradayajobasoneofhislaboratoryassistants.Faradaylearntquiclyandsoonwasrecogniedasaveryableanalyticalchemist.LaterhewenttoworattheRoyalInstitute.MichaelFaradaywas,perhaps,thegreatestpracticalscientistofthe19thcentury.Asachemist,hediscoveredthebenene(苯),whichisnowthefocalpointofchemicalstudy.Healsoprovedtherelationshipbetweenelectricityandchemicalbonding(化学键合).Asaphysicist,heinventedthedynamo,whichledtothelaterinventionoftheelectricmotor.Healsodiscoveredtheeffectofmagnetism(磁)onlightrays.3.WhydidFaradayattendSundaySchool?A.Hehadtoworforaboobinderatweedays.B.Hehopedtoreadmanyofthescientificboosthere.C.Hewouldlietolearnreligiousnowledge.D.Hisfamilycouldn'taffordhisnormalschooleducation.4.Whenworingasaboobinder,Faraday______.A.publishedhisgreatfindingsonelectricityB.madehisownequipmentforhisexperimentsC.readmanyboosbyHumphryDavyD.gainedhisfameasapracticalscientist5.InordertogetachancetoworforDavy,Faraday______.A.boughtticetstoattendDavy'slectureB.senthisexperimentreportstoDavyC.wenttotheRoyalInstitutetovisitDavyD.offeredtodolaboratoryworforfree19/196.WhichofthefollowingistherightorderofFaraday'slife?a.Alaboratoryassistant.b.AstudentofSundaySchool.c.Aboobinder.d.Ananalyticalchemist.A.abcdB.bcdaC.bcadD.cbad【答案】3.D4.B5.B6.C【解析】本文记叙文。文章主要讲述了MichaelFaraday如何成长为一名伟大的学家(物理学家及化学家)以及他在物理和化学领域取得的研究成果。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段第二句至第四句可知,Faraday年幼时家境贫寒,上不起正规的学校,只好上了主日学校。故D选项正确。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二、三句可知,Faraday做图书装订工作的时候,为自己的实验亲自动手制作实验器材。故B选项正确。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知,为了能为Davy工作,Faraday递交了自己的实验报告。故B选项正确。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据文章描述可知,Faraday先是在主日学校学习,后来成为图书装订工,然后又做了实验室助理,最后成为了一名分析化学家。故C选项正确。CDrivingacarisnotjusthandlingcontrolsandjudgingspeedanddistance.Itrequiresyoutopredictwhatotherroaduserswilldoandgetreadytoreacttosomethingunexpected.Whenalcoholisconsumed,itentersyourbloodstreamandactsasadepressant(抑制药),damagingeyesight,judgmentandcoordination(协调),slowingdownreactiontimeandgreatlyincreasingtherisofaccidents.Evenbelow19/19thedrindrivinglimit,drivingwillbeaffected.Alcoholmaytaeafewminutestobeabsorbedintothebloodstreamandstartactiononthebrain.Absorptionrateisincreasedwhendriningonanemptystomachorwhenconsumingdrinsmixedwithfruitjuice.Togetridofalcoholfromthebodyisaveryslowprocessanditisnotpossibletospeeditupwithanymeasureslietaingashowerorhavingacupofteaorcoffee.ThepresentRoadTrafficOrdinancestatesclearlythatthelimitofalcoholconcentrationis:50milligramsofalcoholper100mlofblood;or22microgramsofalcoholper100mlofbreath;or67milligramsofalcoholper100mlofurine(尿液).Driverswhocausetrafficaccidents,orwhomitamovingtrafficoffenceorarebeingsuspectedofdrindrivingwillbetested.Anydriverfounddriningbeyondthelimitwillbecharged.ThedriverdeclaredguiltymaybefinedamaximumofH25000andbesentencedtoupto3yearsinprisonandpunishedfor10drivingoffencepoints;ortemporarilybannedfromdriving.Thesamepunishmentappliestofailingtoprovidespecimens(样本)forbreath,bloodorurinetestswithoutgoodexcuse.Drindrivingisacriminaloffence.Bearesponsibledriver,thinbeforeyoudrin.Forthesafetyofyourselfandotherroadusers,neverdriveafterconsumingalcohol.7.Thefirstparagraphismainlyabout________.A.theintroductionofdrivingsillsB.thedamageofdriningtoyourbodyC.theprocessofalcoholbeingabsorbedD.theeffectofdriningondriving8.Theunderlinedword“it”inthesecondparagraphrefersto“________”.A.processB.absorptionC.bloodD.alcohol9.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Driningbelowthedrindrivinglimithasnoeffectondriving.19/19B.Alcoholistaeninmorequiclywhendrunwithfruitjuice.C.Havingacupofteahelpstogetridofalcoholfromthebody.D.50milligramsofalcoholper100mlofbreathisbelowthedrindrivinglimit.10.Adriversuspectedofdrindriving________.A.willbeforbiddentodrivefor3yearsB.shouldprovidespecimensfortestingC.willbepunishedfor10drivingoffencepointsD.shouldpayamaximumofH25000【答案】7.D8.A9.B10.B【解析】【分析】本文为介绍说明文。文章主要介绍了驾车不光控制车速和车距,还要求司机能预测其他司机的行为,并对各种突发事件做出及时的反应,然而酒后驾车影响人的视力,判断力和协调力。进而使人的反应速度降低,增加了发生车祸事故的可能性。本文主要介绍了酒后驾车产生的影响及危险性,以及酒后驾车的一些相关规定。【7题详解】段落大意题。根据文章第一段的主要内容,酒精进入人体的血液,影响人的视力,判断力和协调力。进而使人的反应速度降低,增加了发生车祸事故的可能性。由此可知,文章第一段的主要内容就是酒后驾车的影响。故D选项正确。【8题详解】代词指代题。根据文章内容的理解,使酒精排出人体是一个非常缓慢的过程,不管采取任何措施都不可能加剧这个过程的速度。由此可知,“it”指代的就是这个酒精排出人体的过程。故A选项正确。【9题详解】细节理解题。选项A来自于文章中的Evenbelowthedrindrivinglin,drivingwellbeaffected.由此可知,A选项错误。C选项来自于文章中的itisnotpossibletospeeditupwithanymeasureslietaingashowerorhavingacupofteaorcoffee.由此可知,C选项错误。D选项来自于文章中的50milligramsofalcoholper100mlofblood由此可知,D选项错误。B选项来自于文章中的Absorptionrateisincreasedwhendriningonanemptystomachorwhenconsumingdrinsmixedwithfruitjuice.由此可知,B选项正确。故19/19B选项正确。【10题详解】细节理解题:本题考查对文章中的相关细节的寻找和把握,属于较易难度的题。根据文章内容,题目来自于文章中的whomitamovingtrafficoffenceorarebeingsuspectedofdrindrivingwillbetested.由此可知,疑似酒后驾车的司机应该接受检查。故B选项正确。【点睛】代词指代题要求同学们根据语境的逻辑关系、判断画线的人称代词或指示代词在文章中指代的对象,包括考查it(指动物,无生命的事物、特定的事件或人),they/them(指代人、物、事件的复数名词),he/she等人称代词的指代意义,以及指示代词this,that,these,those等在文章中的指代意义,考查同学们对文章中叙述特定的人,物,事件的认知能力。解答这类题时,同学们要认真阅读画线词所在句和前后临近句的内容,分析人称转换和动作变换的详细过程,理清来龙去脉和前后的因果关系,从而准确推断其指代的对象。例如,在第2小题中,根据文章内容的理解,使酒精排出人体是一个非常缓慢的过程,不管采取任何措施都不可能加剧这个过程的速度。由此可知,“it”指代的就是这个酒精排出人体的过程。故A选项正确。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。HowtotreatyourguestsatadinnerpartyAlmosteveryonehasattendedadinnerpartywheretheyfeltawward.____11____Soit’sverynecessarytopreventunpleasantpartysituationsforyourguestswiththefollowingusefultipsandfindouthowtotreatyourguestsatadinnerparty.Asguestsarrive,greetthematthedoorsaying“Hello”andashowtheyare._____12_____Ifthereisawinetable,showthemtothetableandallowthemtomixwithotherguests.Ifaguestarriveswhodoesn’tnowthemajorityofthepeopleintheroom,announcehispresenceandintroducehimtoeveryone.____13____Bemodestaboutyourfoodevenifthefoodisgreat.Anddon’tapologieeither—yourguestsmaythintheyshouldn’ttryyourfood.Serveyourguestsorallowgueststoservethemselvesiffoodhasbeenplacedonaservingtable.____14____Maesurethattheyareasfortableaspossible.Asyouandyourguestsdine,playa“gettonoweachother”game.Havetheguestsgoaroundthe19/19roomandgiveafunfactaboutthemselves,theirfavoritethingstodo,wheretheywouldlietoliveandtheirworstorbestcooingexperience._____15_____Afterthemaincourseisserved,offeryourguestsdessert.Haveadessertwinereadytoserveincaseaguestwouldlietopairwinewithdessert.A.Thiswouldhelphimfeelmorefortable.B.Thisisagreaticebreaeraswell.C.Taetheircoats,welethemandmaethemfeelathome.D.Asyourguestsofteniftheyneedmorefood.E.Choosingaspecificthemeforyourpartyisdefinitelyagreatidea.F.Stillmorepeoplerememberdinnerpartieswheretheydidn’thaveagoodtime.G.Agreatdinnerpartyallowsyoutoenjoyoneononetimewithyourguests.【答案】11.F12.C13.A14.D15.B【解析】【分析】本文为介绍说明文。文章讲述如何在宴会上招待你的客人,文中讲了客人到达时、吃饭时、主人该如何做,以及怎样打破僵局等。【11题详解】考查上下文和句意理解。根据上句“几乎每个人都参加过他们感到尴尬的晚宴”可知,F项“还有更多的人记得他们在宴会上很不开心”符合此处语境,讲述的都是晚宴不好的经历。故F选项正确。【12题详解】考查上下文和句意理解。根据上句“当客人到达时,在门口迎接他们,向他们问好”可知,C项“帮他们拿外套,欢迎他们,让他们有宾至如归的感觉”顺承上文,符合此处语境。故C选项正确。【13题详解】考查上下文和句意理解。上句说如果来的客人不认识在座的大多数人,就要宣布他的到来并把他介绍给每一个人,可知下句应是这样做的结果,A项“这应该帮助他感觉更舒适”符合此处语境。故A选项正确。19/19【14题详解】考查上下文和句意理解。根据这一段主要是关于食物的,D项中的"needmorefood."是关键词,故D选项正确。【15题详解】考查上下文和句意理解。该段讲的是一个游戏,而B项中的"This"就是指代这个游戏,而且这个游戏也确实能打破僵局,使气氛活跃。故B选项正确。【点睛】该类题型要求从短文后的七个选项中(均为完整的句子)选出五个能填入文章空处的最佳选项,主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握,分析篇章结构,把握全篇文脉,找准文章中与选项中的关键词相对应的词组是很解题的关键。如第4小题,设空段落主要是关于食物的,food多次出现,而D选项中的needmorefood是关键词组,与此处语境相符,由此得出正确答案。第二部分:英语知识运用(共四节,满分65分)第一节完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)阅读下面短文,从短文后各题的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出适合填入对应空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。Oneofthemostremarablethingsaboutthehumanmindisourabilitytoimaginethefuture.Inour___16___wecanseewhathasnotyethappened.Forexample,whilewearelooingforwardto___17___anewplaceorcountry,we___18___whatitwillbelie.Wepredictthe___19___peoplewilleat,dressandact.Ofcourse,wedonotalwayspredictthings___20___.Thingsareoftenverydifferentfromthewaywe___21___themtobe.Oneofthe___22___dreamsinhistoryisthedreamofaGermanscientist,eller,whohadbeen___23___toworoutaverydifficultprobleminphysics.Hehad___24___andanalyed(分析)theproblemfromeveryanglefordays,butthere____25____tobenowayof____26____outtheanswer.Thenonenighthewenttobedanddreamed.Whenhe____27____up,herealiedthathenewtheanswer.Hehadsolvedtheprobleminhis____28____.Thehypnotist(催眠者)satinthechairoppositehimandspoe____29____:Iwantyoutoconcentrateonmyvoice.Thinabout____30____.Younownothingbutmyvoice.Andasyoupayattentiontomyvoice,your____31____willgetheavier.Soonyou'llbeasleep.Youwillhearmyvoiceand____32____mywords,butyourbodywillbeasleep,youreyesaretooheavy.Youare____33____asleep,andwhenyouwaeupyouwill____34____nothing.Youwillforgeteverything.19/19NowIamgoingto____35____slowlyfromonetofive.One,two,three,four,five.16.A.brainsB.sensesC.sightsD.minds17.A.seeingB.visitingC.reachingD.discovering18.A.guessB.nowC.feelD.imagine19.A.customB.habitC.wayD.style20.A.quiclyB.correctlyC.simplyD.neatly21.A.requiredB.expectedC.leftD.wished22.A.funnyB.dullC.sillyD.famous23.A.thiningB.tryingC.managingD.hoping24.A.discussedB.learnedC.studiedD.researched25.A.usedB.oughtC.hadD.seemed26.A.maingB.findingC.turningD.letting27.A.woeB.satC.gaveD.got28.A.lessonB.dreamC.researchD.exercise29.A.firmlyB.loudlyC.slowlyD.softly30.A.everythingB.somethingC.nothingD.anything31.A.headB.feetC.eyesD.body32.A.understandB.repeatC.taeD.believe33.A.reallyB.extremelyC.almostD.actually34.A.acceptB.receiveC.hearD.remember35.A.addB.sayC.countD.spea【答案】16.D17.B18.D19.C20.B21.B22.D23.B24.C25.D26.B27.A28.B29.D30.C31.C32.A33.C34.D35.C【解析】【分析】本为介绍说明文。这篇文章讲述了我们的大脑有一个非常值得注意的事情,就是我们的大脑能够想象到未来的事情,我们能够看到还没有发生的事情。【16题详解】19/19考查名词辨析。A.brains大脑;B.senses意识;C.sights视野;D.minds思想。句意:在我们的脑海中,我们可以看到尚未发生的事情。根据句意可知,此处指抽象概念“思维,思想”。故D选项正确。【17题详解】考查动词辨析。A.seeing寻找;B.visiting参观;C.reaching达到;D.discovering发现。句意:例如,在我们期待参观一个新地方或国家的时候。根据语境可知,此处指“参观一个新地方或国家”。故B选项正确。【18题详解】考查动词辨析。A.guess猜想;B.now知道;C.feel感受;D.imagine想象。根据语境可知,此处指“我们想象着它会是什么样子的”。故D选项正确。【19题详解】考查名词辨析。A.custom习俗;B.habit习惯;C.way方式;D.style风格。根据语境可知,此处指“我们预测人们的饮食、穿着和行为方式”。theway“什么的方式”。故C选项正确。【20题详解】考查副词辨析。A.quicly迅速地;B.correctly正确地;C.simply简单地;D.neatly整洁地。句意:我们不能总是准确地预测。故B选项正确。【21题详解】考查动词辨析。A.required需要;B.expected预期;C.left离开;D.wished希望。句意:事情经常与我们预期的不同。故B选项正确。【22题详解】考查形容词辨析。A.funny有趣的;B.dull迟钝的;C.silly愚蠢的;D.famous有名的。句意:历史上一个最有名的梦想是德国学家的梦想。故D选项正确。【23题详解】考查动词辨析。A.thining思考;B.trying尝试;C.managing管理;D.hoping希望。句意:他尝试着去解决物理学方面的一个难题。故C选项正确。【24题详解】考查动词辨析。A.discussed讨论;B.learned学习;C.studied研究;D.researched探索。句意:他从各个角度研究和分析问题。故C选项正确。【25题详解】19/19考查动词辨析。A.usedtodo过去常常做;;B.oughttodo应该做;C.hadtodo必须做;D.seemedtodo好像做。句意:但是似乎没有……故D选项正确。【26题详解】考查动词辨析。A.maing制作;B.finding找到;C.turning转向;D.letting让,允许。句意:但是仍然没有一个找到答案的方法。故B选项正确。【27题详解】考查动词辨析。A.woe唤醒;B.sat坐;C.gave给;D.got得到。句意:当他醒来的时候。故A选项正确。【28题详解】考查名词辨析。A.lesson课程;B.dream梦;C.research研究;D.exercise锻炼。句意:在他的梦里,他解决了这个问题。故B选项正确。【29题详解】考查副词辨析。A.firmly坚定地;B.loudly大声地;C.slowly慢慢地;D.softly温柔地。句意:催眠者坐在他的对面,温柔地说话。故D选项正确。【30题详解】考查代词辨析。A.everything每一件事情;B.something一些事情;C.nothing没什么;D.anything任何事情。句意:什么也不想。故C选项正确。【31题详解】考查名词辨析。A.head头;B.feet脚;C.eyes眼睛;D.body身体。句意:你的眼睛将会变的沉重,很快就睡着了。故C选项正确。【32题详解】考查动词辨析。A.understand理解;B.repeat重复;C.tae带走;D.believe相信。句意:你将听到我的声音、明白我的话。故A选项正确。【33题详解】考查副词辨析。A.really真地;B.extremely极其;C.almost几乎,差不多;D.actually事实上。句意:你差不多睡着了。故C选项正确。【34题详解】考查动词辨析。A.accept接受;B.receive收到;C.hear听到;D.remember记得。根据下文Youwill19/19forgeteverything可知,此处指“当你醒来时,你将什么也不记得”。故D选项正确。【35题详解】考查动词辨析。A.add增加,补充道;B.say说;C.count计数;D.spea讲。句意:现在我将慢慢从一数到五。故C选项正确。【点睛】对于此类说明文章,学生在答题时需要把握好答题的方法,首先对文章进行整体的阅读,这个题型重在对单词词义的考察及其整个文章语言逻辑关系的判断。所以在平时的学习中除了多去积累记忆单词外,还需要适当做题,保持良好的语感与阅读的习惯。第二节单词适当形式填空36.Theoldmanr_________theboywithasmileforhelpinghim.37.Itmustbe__________(明显的)toallofyouthathehasmadeamistae.38.Thecapitalisthepoliticalandc____________centerofacountry.39.Theman’s___________(幸存)wassurprising,asthedoctorsthoughthewoulddie.40.Womenarestillstrugglingfortrue___________(平等)withmen.41.Youngpeopleshouldbee___________onhowtoprotectnature.42.Someofthegamesarefullofv__________.Toomuchfightingisnotgoodforyoungidstoplay.43.Whenwilltheyfinishthe___________(装修)ofthebathroom?44.H__________(希望),wewillarrivebeforedar.45.Sheisd__________(深爱)toherchildren.【答案】36.rewarded37.evident38.cultural39.survival40.equality41.educated42.violence43.decoration44.Hopefully19/1945.devoted【解析】【36题详解】考查动词。句意:老人以微笑回报帮助他的男孩。reward“回报”,根据句意可知,此处描述的过去的事情,应使用一般过去时。故填rewarded。【37题详解】考查形容词。句意:你们大家都必须清楚,他犯了一个错误。evident“明显的”。故填evident。【38题详解】考查形容词。句意:首都是一个国家的政治和文化中心。cultural“文化的”,与political共同做center的定语。故填cultural。【39题详解】考查名词。句意:这个人的生还令人吃惊,因为医生们认为他会死。survival名词“幸存”。故填survival。【40题详解】考查名词。句意:妇女仍在争取与男子真正的平等。equality名词“平等”。故填equality。【41题详解】考查动词。句意:应该教育年轻人如何保护大自然。educate“教育”,根据句意及句子结构可知,此处为被动语态,应使用过去分词。故填educated。【42题详解】考查名词。句意:有些游戏充满了暴力。太多的打架对小孩子来说是不好的。violence“暴力”为不可数名词。故填violence。【43题详解】考查名词。句意:他们什么时候才能完成浴室的装修?decoration“装修”为不可数名词。故填decoration。【44题详解】考查副词。句意:希望我们能在天黑前到达。hopefully“有希望地”,此处修饰整句话,应使用副词形式。故填Hopefully。【45题详解】19/19考查动词。句意:她很疼爱她的孩子devote“致力于,奉献”,bedevotedto“专心于/致力于……的”。故填devoted。第三节:语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求,在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。Elias’StoryElias,apoorworerinSouthAfrica,saidthatthetime___46___hefirstmetNelsonMandelawasaverydifficultperiodofhislife.In1952,hewenttoseeNelsonMandela,ablaclawyerforadvice.Mandelawasgenerouswithhistime,for___47___Eliaswasverygrateful.Hebeganschoolatsix,buthehadtoleaveschooltwoyearslater_____48_____hisfamilycouldn’taffordtheschoolfeesandthebusfare.____49____aresult,hehadverylittleeducation.After____50____(try)hard,hegotajobinagoldmine.However,toliveinJohannesburg,onehadgottohaveapassboo.Nothavingone,becausehewasnotbornthere,heworriedabout____51____hewouldbeeoutofwor.ThenMandelahelpedhim,tellinghimhowtogetthecorrectpapers____52____(stay)inJohannesburg.HebecamemorehopefulabouthisfutureandlaterjoinedtheANCYouthLeague____53____(organie)byMandela.JustasMandelaputit,theblacsweresobadlytreatedthattheyhadreachedastage____54____theyhadalmostnorightsatall.In1963,hehelpedMandelablowupsomegovernmentbuildings.Henewthatonlybyansweringviolence____55____violencecouldtheyachievetheirdreamofmaingblacandwhitepeopleequal.【答案】46.when47.which48.because49.As50.trying51.whether52.tostay53.organied54.where55.with【解析】本文为记叙文。文章讲述了黑人斗士伊莱亚斯的故事。19/19【46题详解】考查定语从句。先行词是time,从句中不缺少成分,NelsonMandela是met的宾语。只能增加一个状语,用关系副词when来充当时间状语,引导定语从句。故填when。【47题详解】考查定语从句。句意:曼德拉很慷慨,为此伊莱亚斯表示非常感谢。此处为非限定性定语从句,指代主句描述的事情,应使用关系代词which引导。故填which。【48题详解】考查原因状语从句。句意:他六岁开始上学,但是两年后他不得不离开学校,因为他的家庭负担不起学费和车费。故填because。【49题详解】考查固定短语。固定短语:asaresult“结果”。句意:结果,他几乎没有受过什么教育。故填As。【50题详解】考查非谓语动词。after后没有主语,应为介词,后接现在分词形式。句意:经过努力之后,他在金矿找到了一份工作。故填trying。【51题详解】考查宾语从句。句意:没有工作,因为他不是在那里出生的,他担心自己是否会失业。此处为介词about的宾语从句,只能用whether“是否”引导。故填whether。【52题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:然后曼德拉帮助他,告诉他如何得到正确的文件留在约翰内斯堡。根据句意及句子成分分析可知,此处应使用不定式作宾语补足语。故填tostay。【53题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:他对自己的未来充满了希望,后来加入了由曼德拉组织的非洲人国民大会青年团。根据句意及句子成分分析可知,此处为过去分词做后置定语。故填organied。【54题详解】考查定语从句。句意:正如曼德拉所说,黑人受到如此恶劣的对待,以至于他们已经到了几乎没有任何权利的地步。根据句意及句子成分分析可知,此处为定语从句,先行词为stage,从句主谓宾齐全,缺少地点状语,应使用关系副词where引导。故填where。【55题详解】19/19考查介词。句意:他知道,只有以暴制暴,他们才能实现黑人和白人平等的梦想。此处指“用暴力回应暴力”,应使用介词with。故填with。第四节短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)56.假段定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(),并在其下面写出该加的词。删除:把多余的词用(\)划掉。修改:在错的词下画一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。DearMs.Smith,IamsecretaryoftheCityStudentUnion(CSU).Wewereorganiinganartexhibitionforhighschoolstudentsincity.Thiswillbeheldonthe9thofJulyintheExhibitionHallofBeihai.Morethan1000paintingwillbeonshow,buthighschoolstudentsandteachersfromalltheeightdistrictswilletotheevent.AsyouareverypopularlywithusChinesehighschoolstudents,we’dlietoinviteforyoutotheexhibition.Wewouldbegratefulwhenyoucouldjointhemthatday.Looingforwardtohearfromyousoon.Yours,LiHua【答案】56.were改成are57.In后面加The58.painting改成Paintings59.but改成and60.popularly改成popular61.our改成us62.去掉for63.when改成if64.them改成Us65.hear改成Hearing【解析】1.从上下文中可以看出,要用现在进行时,而非过去进行时态。19/192.这里的城市我所在的城市,当然要加定冠词。3.this指代是上一句中的anartexhibition,要用it.4.painting为可数名词,既然是1000多幅,要用复数。5.这里是承接上一句的意思,而非转折。6.bepopularlywith中要用形容词,因为这里作表语,而非修饰动词。7.invite为及物动词,后面不必接介词。8.这里表示的是虚拟语气,要用if.9.这是一份邀请函,应是加入到我们之中。10.在looforwardto中to是介词,后接动词时要动名词形式。笫二节书面表达(满分25分)57.假定你是李华,自制了一些中国结(Chinesenot),给开店的美国朋友Tom写封信,请他代卖,要点包括:1.外观(尺寸、颜色、材料);2.象征意义;3.价格注意:1.词数100个左右;2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。DearTom,Howareyou?_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Looingforwardtoyourreply.19/19Yours,LiHua【答案】DearTom,Howareyou?I’mwritingtoasyoutodomeafavor.IhavemadesomeChinesenotsmyself,whicharedesignedfordecorations.IhopeyoucanhelpmeselltheminyourInternetstore.TheseChinesenotsaremadefromgoodredsil,eachoneaboutthreecentimetersacross.Asiswell-nowntousall,aChinesenotmeansreunion,friendliness,warmth,peaceandlove.Ithintheywillsellwell.EachChinesenotIwillsenttoyouisworthaboutonedollar.Amongthemtherearetwointendedforyou.Wouldyoulietosellthemforme.Looingforwardtoyourreply.Yours,LiHua【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文,要求写一封信。【详解】第1步:根据提示可知,本篇为一封信件;假定你是李华,自制了一些中国结(Chinesenot),给开店的美国朋友Tom写封信,请他代卖。人称应为第一、第二人称,时态应为一般现在时。第2步:根据写作要求,确定关键词(组),如:domeafavor(给我帮忙),Chinesenots(中国结),Internetstore(店),bemadefrom(由……制成的)等。第3步:根据提示及关键词(组)进行遣词造句,注意主谓一致和时态问题。第4步:连句成文,注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡,书写一定要规范清晰,保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。【点睛】范文内容完整,语言规范,语篇连贯,词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式,如定语从句IhavemadesomeChinesenotsmyself,whicharedesignedfordecorations.;Asiswell-nowntousall,aChinesenotmeansreunion,friendliness,warmth,peaceandlove.;同位语TheseChinesenotsaremadefromgoodredsil,eachoneaboutthreecentimetersacross.全文中没有中国式英语的句式,显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外,文章思路清晰、层次分明,上下句转换自然,为文章增色添彩。欢迎访问“高中试卷网”——http://sj.fjjy.org19/19