2022版高考英语阅读理解一轮练题（6）李仕才APersuasionistoconvincesomeonetoagreewithyou,justlikeartwhichalsocallsforspecialtechniquestoaccomplish.AccordingtotheancientGreeks,therearethreebasictoolsofpersuasion:ethos,pathosandlogos.Ethosisaspeaker’swayofconvincingtheaudiencethatheistrustworthy,honestandreliable.Onecommonwayaspeakercandevelopethosisbyexplaininghowmuchexperienceoreducationhehasinthefield.Afterall,you’remorelikelytolistentoadviceabouthowtotakecareofyourteethfromadentistthanafireman.Pathosisaspeaker’swayofconnectingwithanaudience'semotions.Forexample,apoliticianwhoistryingtoconvinceanaudiencetovoteforhimmightsaythathealonecansavethecountryfromaterriblewar.Thesewordsareintendedtofilltheaudiencewithfear,thusmakingthemwanttovoteforhim.Similarly,ananimalcharitymightshowanaudiencepicturesofinjureddogsandcatstomaketheviewersfeelpity,sotheywillbemorelikelytodonatemoney.Logosistheuseoffacts,statisticsorotherevidencetosupportyourargument.Anaudiencewillbelieveyouifyouhaveconvincingdatatobackupyourclaims.Presentingthisevidenceismuchmorepersuasivethansimplysaying“believeme”.Althoughethos,pathosandlogosallhavetheirstrengths,theyareoftenmosteffectivewhenusedtogether.So,thenexttimeyoulistentoaspeech,watchacommercialorlistentoafriendtrytoconvinceyoutolendhimsomemoney,beonthelookoutfortheseancientGreektoolsofpersuasion.1.Whatisthepurposeofpersuasion?A.Toadvisesomebodytosupportyou.B.TohelpsomeonehavespecialskillC.Toconvincesomebodytorealizehisaim.D.Totalksomeoneintobeinghonest.2.Whatisaspeaker’swayofconvincingtheaudiencetotrusthim?A.Pathos.B.Ethos.10\nC.Logos.D.Education.3.Whatdoapoliticianandananimalcharityhaveincommon?A.Bothpreventthemselvesfrombeinghurt.B.Bothsavepeoplefromterriblewars.C.Bothmaketheaudiencesupportthem.D.Bothpersuadepeopletodonatemoney.4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.ConvincetheAudienceB.ThreeBasicToolsofPersuasionC.BelieveMeD.StrengthofPersuasion【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了源自于古希腊且一直沿用至今的说服他人的艺术，其中包括ethos、pathos、logos三种方式以及用这三种方式说服他人在各个领域应用的可能性。1.A【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段第一句话“Persuasionistoconvincesomeonetoagreewithyou,justlikeartwhichalsocallsforspecialtechniquestoaccomplish.”可知，说服是为了建议人们支持你。故选A。3.C【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Forexample,apoliticianwhoistryingtoconvinceanaudiencetovoteforhimmightsaythathealonecansavethecountryfromaterriblewar.”和最后一句“Similarly,ananimalcharitymightshowanaudiencepicturesofinjureddogsandcatstomaketheviewersfeelpity,sotheywillbemorelikelytodonatemoney.”可知，政治家可能会说他会独自一人从可拍的战争中挽救一个国家为了说服观众为他投票，动物慈善机构向观众展示受伤的猫或者狗的图片是为了让观众感到可怜，更可能捐款。因此可知，政治家和慈善机构的共同之处是他们都想让听众支持他们。故选C。4.B【解析】标题判断题。纵观全文可知，文章主要介绍了说服人的艺术，包括ethos、pathos、logos三中不同的方式，以及这三种方式在各个领域应用的可能性。因此推断B项“说服的三种基本方式”为最佳标题，概况了文章中心主旨。故选B。10\nB(2022·山西太原模拟一)JunotDiaz,TheBriefWondrousLifeofOscarWaoThewinnerinCulturecritics’surveyisJunotDiaz’sfirstnovel,aboutabookwormcalledOscar,whodreamsoffindinglove.Italsowasnamedasthenumber-onebookbymostcritics.“Itisabigdealformetofallinlovewithabookwhosetopicissciencefiction,fantasyandimagination,”saysElizabethTaylor,theChicagoTribune’sliteraryeditor.EdwardP.Jones,TheKnownWorldSetin1855ontheplantationofHenryTownsend—bornaslave,nowaslave-owner—TheKnownWorldisasuccess,leadingreadersintoacomplexmoraltimewithoutmakingsimplejudgments.Facinganearlydeath,Townsendthinksaboutthefutureofhis50-acreVirginiaplantationandtheslaveshetreatsthewayhisformerowner,nowhisteacher,taughthim.HilaryMantel,WolfHallMantel’sboldlyreimaginedlegendof16thCenturyEurope,toldfromthepointofThomasCromwell,winningtheManBookerandNationalBookCriticsCircleawards,was10\nadaptedtothestageandhasbeenfilmedasanewBBCminiseries(短剧).MaryAnnGwinn,SeattleTimesbookeditorwrites,“Ihaveneverfeltsocompletelyburiedintoacharacter’smind,nottomentionalongagoandfar-awayplace.”MarilynneRobinson,GileadRevJohnAmes,asmalltownminister,describeshislifeandanti-slaverytraditiontohisyoungsoninbeautifullanguageinthisfirstpartofRobinson’strilogy(alongwithHomeandLila).“Ican’tthinkofalivingnovelistwhowritesmoreseriouslyandprofoundlyaboutreligiousfaith,whichhasbecomeanalmostforbiddentopicinmodernliterature,”writesDawnRaffel,whorankedGileadfirstonherlist.CriticKarenR.Longsays,“Thismulti-generationalstorytellsadesirefortranscendence(超越),andmakesacaseforspirituallifeinthe21stcentury—itsownkindofmiracle.Gileadwillbereadin100years.”1.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Oscarlikesreadingbooks. B.Townsendworkedinachurch.C.RevJohnAmeslikesfarming. D.ThomasCromwellwonanOscarAward.2.WhatdoesMaryAnnGwinnthinkofthebook“WolfHall”?A.Shethinksit’stoodull. B.Shedoesn’tlikethecharacterinthebook.C.Shethinksit’sfascinating. D.Shedoesn’tlikesomecontentsinthebook.3.Whichofthefollowingbookswillhaveafar-reachinginfluenceinthefuture?A.Gilead.B.WolfHall.C.TheKnownWorld.10\nD.TheBriefWondrousLifeofOscarWao.1.A 细节理解题。根据第一段中的abookwormcalledOscar以及第三句“Itisabigdealformetofallinlovewithabookwhosetopicissciencefiction,fantasyandimagination...”可知Oscar是书虫,热爰读书。2.C 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Ihaveneverfeltsocompletelyburiedintoacharacter’smind,nottomentionalongagoandfar-awayplace.”可知,MaryAnnGwinn认为自己从来没有如此沉迷于一本书,可知她认为这本书是很吸引人的。3.A 细节理解题。根据文章最后一句可知这本书将会在未来的100年中继续被阅读,所以此书对未来有深远的影响。CMoreoversmartphone,theintelligentwatchisabouttotakeyourspotasthelatesthi techcurrent,allowingwearerstoglanceatmessagesandeventakecallswithouttouchingtheirphones.Thei'mWatch,availablesince2022,istheflagshipproductofanItaliancompany—i'm.Thissmartwatchisanassisttothesmartphone,withwhichitcancommunicatebyBluetoothwirelesstechnology.Itmeansyoucanleaveyourphoneinyourpocketasyouanswerorrejectacall,reviewe mailsorreadupdatesfromfriendsonTwitterorFacebook.Thei'mWatchalsohasitsownapplications,suchasi'mSport,whichlinkswithaheartratedetector(检测器)toallowarunnertocheckhispulse.Suchfunctionsalreadyexistinspecializedsportswatchesbutnotonwatchesthatarelinkedtosmartphones.Withasquareshape,a3.8 centimetertouchscreenandvariouscolors,thei'mWatchsellsforaminimumof300Euros($390)forthebasicmodelandpricesclimbto16000Eurosforaluxurymodelinsilverordecoratedwithdiamonds.Sofar,thewatchhasalreadyfound30000buyers,80percentofwhomaremenaged25to50.“SeventypercentareiPhoneusers,25percentSamsungandtherestareothertelephonesusingGoogle'sAndroidoperatingsystem，”saidMassimilianoBertolini,amanagerofthecompany,whichaimstosellmorethan200000watchesthisyear.Thecompany'stargetmarketisthepersonwhoisalwaysgluedtohissmartphone,eveninmeetingsoratthemovies,orpeoplewhowishtokeepaneyeontheirheartbeatduringexercise.Theywillespeciallytargetwomenwithadvertisementsemphasizingitsdesignratherthanitstechnology.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一款最新的智能手表。10\n1．Thetextismeantto________.A．advertiseahand helddeviceB．showanexampleofhigh techC．introduceanewtypeofwatchD．comparethephonewiththewatch答案：C 写作意图题。根据文章第一段第一句“Moreoversmartphone,theintelligentwatchisabouttotakeyourspotasthelatesthi techcurrent...”和对全文的整体理解可知，本文主要介绍最新的科技产品：智能手表，故答案C符合文义。2．Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthei'mWatch?A．Economical.B．Typical.C．Multifunctional.D．Traditional.答案：C 推理判断题。根据文章第一段最后两句“Thissmartwatchisanassisttothesmartphone...reviewe mailsorreadupdatesfromfriendsonTwitterorFacebook.”可推知，文中介绍的智能手表是多功能的，故答案C符合文义。3．Whyisthei'mWatchsuperiortootherspecializedsportswatches?A．Itprovidesabetterservice.B．Itislinkedtosmartphones.C．Ithasaheartratedetector.D．Itownsfancyappearance.答案：B 细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句“Suchfunctionsalreadyexistinspecializedsportswatchesbutnotonwatchesthatarelinkedtosmartphones.”可知，答案B符合文义。4．Whichgroupofpeoplemaybeattractedbythei'mWatch?A．Sportslovershavingsmartphones.B．Womenpreferringadvertisements.C．PeopleusingAndroidsystem.D．iPhoneusersseekingconvenience.答案：D 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段第二句“SeventypercentareiPhoneusers...”可知，答案D符合文义。5．Whatcanwelearnaboutthei'mWatchaccordingtothetext?A．Itcancontrolarunner'spulse.B．Ithasawiderangeofprices.C．Itcanreplacethesmartphones.D．Itispopularamongteenagers.10\n答案：B 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“aminimumof300Euros...to16000Euros...withdiamonds.”可推知，根据i'mWatch这款智能表的款式和材质不同，它的售价有很大的范围，故答案B符合文义。D(2022·福建福州适应性练习)NohumanhassetfootontheMoonsince1972.Now,aftermorethanfourdecadesofinactivity,interestinputtinghumansbackontheMoonisfinallyheatingupagain.Butwhowillgettherefirst?CHINAOn14December,2022,ChinasuccessfullylandeditsJadeRabbitrover(探测车)ontheMoon.Itisnowworkingonitsnextexplorationmission.NamedChang’e4,themissionisscheduledtotouchdownintheAitkenBasinneartheendof2022.Ifsuccessful,itwillbethefirstlandingontheMoon’sfarside.RUSSIARussiaplansamannedMoonlandingin2030.ItiscurrentlyworkingonaprojectwhoseideaisthatthelanderswillexplorethesouthpoleoftheMoon,exploringforresourcessuchasmineralsandwatericetobeusedtoprovideforahumanoutpost(前哨站).INDIAFollowingthesuccessofitsChandrayaan-1in2022,Indiaannouncedafollow-onmission.Chandrayaan-2wasmeanttocooperatewithRussia.ButwhentheRussiansfailedtodeliverthepromisedlanderin2022,Indiadecidedtogoitalone.Chandrayaan-2isabouttobesentupin2022.TheUSAInDecember2022,NASAplanstosenduptheExplorationMission1,anuncrewedtestoftheirOrionastronautcapsuleinwhichthecraftwillcirclearoundtheMoonbefore10\nreturningtotheEarth.Allbeingwell,acrewedcapsulewillfollowin2023.Shouldthemissionproveasuccess,theastronautswillbethefirsthumanstoseethefarsideoftheMoonwiththeirowneyessinceApollo17in1972.1.WhatwillChinadoinitsnextspacemission?A.ImproveitsJadeRabbitrover.B.Workwithothercountries.C.LandChang’e4ontheMoon.D.ExplorethesouthpoleoftheMoon.2.WhydidIndiatrytocarryoutitsfollow-onmissionalone?A.Itcouldn’tfindapartner.B.Itdidn’tgetthelanderasplanned.C.TheRussiansrefusedtoworkwithIndia.D.ItplannedtolaunchChandrayaan-2inadvance.3.WhichcountryisinterestedinresourcesontheMoon?A.Russia. B.China.C.India.D.TheUSA.4.Whatcanweknowfromthetext?A.RussiahasbuiltahumanoutpostontheMoon.B.ChinawillbethefirsttoseethefarsideoftheMoon.C.TheUSAwillsendacrewedcapsuletotheMooninthefuture.D.HumanshavekeptactiveinexploringtheMoonsince1972.1.C 细节理解题。根据第二段第三句可知,嫦娥四号将在2022年底降落在月球AitkenBasin地区。据此可知,中国的下一步空间计划是嫦娥四号登月,故C项正确。2.B 细节理解题。根据第四段第二句可知,由于俄罗斯没能给印度提供着陆器,故印度决定自己实施登月计划,故B项正确。3.A 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知,当前俄罗斯正启动一项工程,其思路是登陆器将探索月球的南极,寻找矿物质和水冰等资源以供人类前哨站使用。故A项正确。4.C 推理判断题。根据第五段第二句“Allbeingwell,acrewedcapsulewillfollowin10\n2023.”可知,如果一切顺利,美国将于2023年发送载人太空舱登月,据此可知,美国将在未来实施载人登月计划,故C项正确。EGoodhealthisthemostvaluablethingapersoncanhave.Itisimportanttorememberthatthebodyneedspropercareinordertobehealthy.Therearethreethingsthatapersoncandotohelpstayingoodshape:eatrightfood,getenoughsleep,andexerciseregularly.Propernutrition(营养)isimportantforgoodhealth.Yourbodycannotworkwellunlessitreceivestheproperkindof“fuel”.Don’teattoomuchfoodwithlotsofsugarandfat.Eatplentyoffoodshighinprotein(蛋白质),likemeat,fish,eggsandnuts.Vegetablesandfruitsareveryimportantbecausetheyprovidenecessaryvitaminsandminerals.However,don’tovereat.Itisnothelpfultobeoverweight.Gettingtheproperamountofsleepisalsoimportant.Ifyoudon’tgetenoughsleep,youfeeltiredandeasilygetangry.Youhavenoenergy.Overalongperiodoftimealittleamountofsleepmayevenresultinachangeofpersonality(个性).Besuretoallowyourselffromseventoninehoursofsleepeachnight.Ifyoudo,yourbodywillfeelstrongandrefreshed,andyourmindwillbesharp.Finally,getplentyofexercise.Exercisemakesthebodystrongandpreventsyoufromputtingonweight.Italsoimprovesyourheartandlungs.Ifyoufollowaregularexerciseprogram,youwillprobablyincreaseyourlife-span(寿命).Anykindofexerciseisgood.Mostsportsareverygoodforkeepingthebodyingoodshape:basketball,swimming,bicycling,runningandsoon,aregoodexamples.Sportsarenotonlygoodforyourbody,buttheyareenjoyableandinteresting,too.Ifeverybodyweretoeattherightfoods,getplentyofsleepandexerciseregularly,theworldwouldbeahappierandhealthierplace.Wewouldalllivetobemucholderandwiser.1.Thepassagemainlytellsusthat . A.howwecankeepfit10\nB.whyhealthisimportantforusC.nutritionisimportantforhealthD.sleepismoreimportantthannutritionandexercise答案:A解析:主旨大意题。短文第一段最后一句是本文的主题句“Therearethreethingsthatapersoncandotohelpstayingoodshape:eatrightfood,getenoughsleep,andexerciseregularly.”。2.Inordertokeepgoodhealth, . A.weshouldeatalotofsweetsB.oneneedsalargeamountoffatC.peopleshouldeataccordingtothefoods’nutritionD.wemusttrytosleepnowandthen答案:C解析:推理判断题。由第二段可推知,要想保持健康,注意事项的其中之一是必须根据食物的营养来吃。3.Eatingmoreandsleepingless . A.canhelpkeephealthyB.arenogoodforyouC.getyoumoreenergyD.willkeepyourpersonality答案:B解析:推理判断题。由第二段和第三段可知,吃得过多和睡得太少对身体没有好处。10
