专题检测卷(二十四)阅读理解(建议用时:25分钟)A(2022·南宁模拟)体裁说明文题材科普知识词数253 Americanscientistssaymusicaltrainingseemstoimprovecommunicationskills.Theyfoundthatdevelopingmusicalskillsinvolvesthesameprocessinthebrainaslearninghowtospeak.Thescientistssaythatcouldhelpchildrenwithlearningdisabilities.NinaKraussisaneurobiologistatNorthwesternUniversityinIllinois.Shesaysmusicaltraininginvolvesputtingtogetherdifferentkindsofinformation.Shesaystheprocessinvolveshearingmusic,lookingatmusicalnotes,touchinganinstrumentandwatchingothermusicians.Shesaystheprocessisnotmuchdifferentfromlearninghowtospeak.Bothinvolvedifferentsenses.ProfessorKrausssaysmusicaltrainingandlearningtospeakmakeusthinkaboutwhatwearedoing.Shesaysspeechandmusicpassthroughastructureofthenervoussystemcalledthebrainstem(脑干).Thebrainstemcontrolsourabilitytohear.Untilrecently,expertshavethoughtthebrainstemcouldnotbedevelopedorchanged.ButProfessorKraussandherteamfindthatmusicaltrainingcanimproveaperson’sbrainstemactivity.Thestudyinvolvedpeoplewithdifferentlevelsofmusicalability.Theywereaskedtowearanelectricaldevicethatmeasuresbrainactivity.Thepeopleworethedevicewhiletheywatchedavideoofsomeonespeakingandapersonplayingamusicalinstrument.Thestudyfoundthatthemoreyearsoftrainingpeoplehad,themoresensitivetheyweretothesoundandbeatofthemusic.ProfessorKrausssaysthestudyshowstheimportanceofmusicaltrainingtochildrenwithlearningdisabilities.1.Themainideaofthepassageis .A.learninghowtospeakB.thatthebrainstemisimportantforspeechC.thatmusicaltrainingisimportantforcommunicationskillsD.thatpeoplewhohavereceivedmusicaltrainingaremoresensitive2.Whycanmusicaltrainingimprovecommunicationskills?Because .A.itgivespeoplemoreknowledgeB.itcanimproveaperson’sbrainstemactivityC.ithasakindofmagicD.itcanmakepeoplespeak3.WhichsentenceisTRUEaccordingtothetext?A.Thebrainstemcontrolsourabilitytospeak.B.Themusicaltrainingprocessinvolvesonlyhearingmusic.C.Expertsthinkthebrainstemcan’tbedeveloped.D.Thebrainstemhassomethingtodowithourabilitytohear.4.Theunderlinedword“device”means .A.apieceofequipmentforsomeexperimentB.apieceoffurnitureforalabC.acellphoneD.aheadphone-5-\nB体裁议论文题材大脑的研究词数390 Whatmakeshumanssmarterthanotheranimals?We’vegotabiggerbrain,ofcourse.Butwhenitcomestobrains,isbiggeralwaysbetter?Traditionally,scientistshavethoughtthathumans’superiorintelligencederived(源于)mostlyfromthefactthatourbrainsarethreetimesbiggerthanthoseofournearestlivingrelatives,chimpanzees.Peopleevenusedtobelievethatbecausemenhaveslightlylargerbrainsthanwomenthatmenaresmarter.This,however,isnotthetruth.ScientistsatUniversityCollegeLondonintheUKhavefoundthatbrainorganization,andnotbrainsize,isthekeytothesuperiorityofhumanintelligence,reportedLiveScience.Throughmillionsofyearsofevolution,ourancestorswereconstantlypushedtogetsmartersothattheycouldmeetthedemandsofnewenvironments.However,holdingthisgrowingintelligenceinincreasinglylargebrainswasnotthebestchoicebecausebiggerbrainsrequiremoreenergytopower.“Thisiswhenreorganizationmaycomeintoplay,”saidChristopheSoligo,amemberoftheLondonresearchteam.Inthestudy,scientistslookedatthebrainsof17speciesofprimates(灵长目动物),includingmonkeys,apesandhumans.Theyfoundthatintheprocessofevolution,brainsdidn’tkeepgrowingasawhole.Certainregionsofthebraingrewpriortoothersinresponsetospecies’needs,andinthiswaytheycouldmakethebestuseoftheirlimitedbrainspace.Forexample,whenearlyhumanswerestrugglingtosurvive,thebrainregioninchargeofusingtoolsandfindingfoodgrewinsizemorethanotherregions.Butinmoderntimes,theprefrontalcortex(前额皮质)—theregioninchargeofsocialcognition(认知),moraljudgmentsandgoal-directedplanning—grewmorethantherestofthebrain.Thinkofthebrainasaroom.Ifabigroomispoorlyorganized,itdoesn’tnecessarilystoremorestuffthanasmallerone.PaulManger,professorattheUniversityoftheWitwatersrand,SouthAfrica,explainsthisprincipleusingtheexampleofwhales.HetoldScientificAmerican:“Whaleshavebigbrains,absolutely.Butifyoulookattheactualstructureofthebrain,it’snotverycomplex.Brainsizeonlymattersiftherestofthebrainisorganizedproperly.”5.Ithasrecentlybeenfoundthathumansaresmarterthantheotheranimalsmainlybecause .A.theyareaspeciesofprimatesB.theyhavemuchlargerbrainsC.theirbrainstructureismorecomplexD.theywereconstantlypushedtogetsmarter6.Accordingtothearticle,inrecenthumanevolution, .A.thebrainkeptgrowinginsizetoadapttonewenvironmentsB.mostregionsofthebraindidn’tchangeC.theprefrontalcortexgrewmorethantherestofthebrainD.humans’brainsbecameincreasinglysimplesothathumanscouldsurvive7.Whatcanweconcludefromthearticle?A.Gendermakesadifferenceinintelligence.B.Thesizeofthebrainhasnothingtodowithintelligence.C.Specieswhosebrainisorganizedproperlytendtobesmarter.D.Largerbrainsareusuallyorganizedbetterthansmallerones.8.Themethodthewriterusestodevelopthelastparagraphis .-5-\nA.bypresentingresearchdataB.bygivingexamplesC.bymakingacomparisonD.byanalyzingcauseandeffectC(2022·淮南模拟)体裁说明文题材年度单词词数273 EveryyearChrisBroganpostshisthreewordsforanewyear.ManyothersandIhavefollowedhisleadforthepastthreeorfouryears.Theyhelpedmealot.Mywordsforlastyearwere“passion”,“focus”and“delegate”andIstayedtruetothem.Thisyear,2022,mygoalsaremorepersonalandlessprofessional.FOCUSFocusismakingarepeatappearanceonmylistthisyearbecauseI’mtoomuchofamultitasker.TheproblemisthatIhavetroublefinishingonethingwithsomanythingscallingme.WhenIwasworkingasawriter,allmyprojectswerehandledviaaschedule,I’mputtingafitnessandhousekeepingroutineintomyschedule.HEALTHIgetsobusytakingcareofeveryoneelse,andIforgettotakecareofmyselfandthishastochange.Myhealthsuffersandmyweightsuffers.Ihavetogetmyhealthincheck,notonlyformebutbecauseIpromisedmy9-year-oldson.I’llmakegoodfoodandlifestylechoices.Imissbeingthin,andit’stimetogetitback.CELEBRATEWhatgoodishavingitifI’mnottakingtimetoenjoyit?Ihaveawonderfuljob,ahappyfamily,andsomuchtobethankfulfor.SohowcomeIspendallmytimeworking?Lastsummermyfamilytookourfirstvacationinfouryears,thebestthingI’vedoneformyselfandmyfamilyinalongtime.Thisyear,I’mmakingsuretotaketimetoenjoylifeandcelebrateitsmanyblessings.Doyouhaveanywordsfor2022?9.Theunderlinedword“multitasker”probablyreferstoapersonwho .A.makesalivingbywritingB.alwaysfailstofinishataskontimeC.hasseveralthingstodoatthesametimeD.paysmoreattentiontofitnessandhousekeeping10.Whydoesthewriterhave“HEALTH”asoneofhisthreewords?A.Hewantstotakebettercareofothers.B.He’sgainingweightandfeelingbad.C.Hedidnottakeanyexerciseinthepast.D.Hegottheideafromhisson.11.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Theword“CELEBRATE”canremindthewritertoenjoylife.B.Thewriterhasavacationwithhisfamilyeveryfouryears.C.Theword“FOCUS”canhelpthewriterfocusonhisfamily.D.Thewriterusedtobeoverweightforlackofexercise.12.Thebesttitleforthepassagemightbe .A.ThreeWordsfor2022B.HealthShouldGoFirstC.KeepOrganizedD.Goalsfor2022【拓展训练】-5-\n阅读B篇文章,翻译并分析长难句。Traditionally,scientistshavethoughtthathumans’superiorintelligencederivedmostlyfromthefactthatourbrainsarethreetimesbiggerthanthoseofournearestlivingrelatives,chimpanzees.句意:_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________分析:第一个that引导________从句,第二个that引导________从句,强调________的内容。答案解析【文章大意】文章主要讲述了音乐训练会改善我们的交际技巧。1.【解析】选C。主旨大意题。文章第一段首句是主题句,由此可知文章主要讲述音乐培训对于交际技巧很重要。2.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三段的“ButProfessorKraussandherteamfindthatmusicaltrainingcanimproveaperson’sbrainstemactivity.”可知。3.【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段最后一句“Thestudyfoundthatthemoreyearsoftrainingpeoplehad,themoresensitivetheyweretothesoundandbeatofthemusic.”可知人们接受这种训练的时间越长,对于声音和音乐的节奏越敏感,由此推断脑干与听力有关。4.【解析】选A。词义猜测题。根据device后的that引导的定语从句“thatmeasuresbrainactivity”可知能测量大脑活动的肯定是一种“仪器”,故选A。【文章大意】是不是大脑越大越聪明?看看科学家们是怎么说的吧。5.【解析】选C。细节理解题。由第三段的“...havefoundthatbrainorganization,andnotbrainsize,isthekeytothesuperiorityofhumanintelligence,reportedLiveScience”可以推知C为正确答案。6.【解析】选C。细节理解题。由倒数第三段的“Butinmoderntimes,theprefrontalcortex—theregioninchargeofsocialcognition,moraljudgmentsandgoal-directedplanning—grewmorethantherestofthebrain.”可知C正确。7.【解析】选C。推理判断题。由最后一段的“Butifyoulookattheactualstructureofthebrain,it’snotverycomplex.Brainsizeonlymattersiftherestofthebrainisorganizedproperly.”可以推知,以一种合适的方式建构的相对复杂的大脑趋向于更聪明,故C正确。8.【解析】选B。逻辑结构题。最后一段以鲸鱼为例来说明并非大脑越大,就越聪明,故选B。【文章大意】作者介绍了2022年自己的三个重要单词:focus,health,celebrate,说明了选择这三个单词的原因。9.【解析】选C。词义猜测题。从第二段的句子TheproblemisthatIhavetroublefinishingonethingwithsomanythingscallingme.可知这个单词是“一次有很多任务的人”。10.【解析】选B。细节理解题。从第三段的句子Myhealthsuffersandmyweightsuffers.Ihavetogetmyhealthincheck可知作者的健康和体重出了问题。11.【解析】选A。细节理解题。从倒数第二段的句子I’mmakingsuretotaketimetoenjoylifeandcelebrateitsmanyblessings可知celebrate这个词提醒作者要享受生活。12.【解析】选A。推理判断题。从最后一段的句子Doyouhaveanywordsfor2022?可知这篇文章讲的是2022年的三个单词。【拓展训练】科学家们习惯上认为人类的高智商主要源于我们的大脑比我们的近亲——猩猩的大脑大三倍这个事实。-5-\n宾语同位语fact-5-
