专题12七选五易错点1忽视词汇和关键信息衔接导致的错误(1)忽视词汇线索——代词Untilrelativelyrecently,thevastmajorityofhumanbeingslivedanddiedwithouteverseeingacity.Thefirstcitywasprobablyfoundednomorethan5,500yearsago...Infact,nearlyeveryonelivedonfarmsorintinyrural(乡村的)villages.Itwasnotuntilthe20thcenturythatGreatBritainbecamethefirsturbansocietyinhistory—asocietyinwhichthemajorityofpeopleliveincitiesanddonotfarmforaliving.Britainwasonlythebeginning.2Theprocessofurbanization—themigration(迁移)ofpeoplefromthecountrysidetothecity—wastheresultofmodernization,whichhasrapidlytransformedhowpeopleliveandwheretheylive.D.Soonmanyotherindustrialnationsbecameurbansocieties.【错因分析】考生容易因忽视代词线索或者没有分析清楚代词所指代的对象而误选其他答案。【正确答案】D英语表达中，代词出现的频率极高。代词是指代名词或句子的，通过代词在句中的成分，可以判断它所指代内容的类型。在详读文章和选项的过程中，一定要注意句子中出现的人称代词或者指示代词，特别是选项中以及空格附近句子中出现的代词。根据代词的单复数和其在句子中所作的成分，我们可以找出代词指代的名词或者句子，从而帮助我们解题。(2)忽视词汇线索——同义词/近义词36\nBusinessmanagementisatermusedtodescribethetechniquesofplanning,direction,andcontroloftheoperationsofabusiness.3Oneistheestablishment(制定)ofbroadbasicpolicieswithrespecttoproduction;sales;thepurchaseofequipment,materialsandsupplies;andaccounting.G.Planninginbusinessmanagementhasthreemainaspects.【错因分析】有些学生容易忽视词汇复现而误选其他答案。【正确答案】G七选五段落前后往往有同义词、近义词、近义表达语甚至相同词汇的重复使用，这是我们解题的一个很好的判断线索。复现是保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段。作者在文章中会对同一个概念重复描述，从而使得同样的意思在文章不同的地方重复出现。词汇复现通常有同义词复现、近义词复现、反义词复现等。七选五中，词汇线索是一个十分重要的解题方法，所以，浏览文章过程中圈出关键词十分重要。易错点2语意理解错误Makinggoodchoicesaboutyourownhealthrequiresreasonableevaluation.Akeyfirststepinbetteringyourevaluationabilityistolookcarefullyatyoursourcesofhealthinformation.Reasonableevaluationincludesknowingwhereandhowtofindrelevantinformation,howtoseparatefactfromopinion,howtorecognizepoorreasoning,andhowtoanalyzeinformationandthereliabilityofsources…Gototheoriginalsource.Mediareportsoftensimplifytheresultsofmedicalresearch.Findoutforyourselfwhatastudyreallyreported,anddeterminewhetheritwasbasedongoodscience.Thinkaboutthetypeofstudy.____2____36\nWatchformisleadinglanguage.Somestudieswillfindthatabehavior＂contributesto＂oris＂associatedwith＂anoutcome;thisdoesnotmeanthatacertaincoursemustleadtoacertainresult…Carefullyreadorlistentoinformationinordertofullyunderstandit.Useyourcommonsense.Ifareportseemstoogoodtobetrue,probablyitis.Beespeciallycarefulofinformationcontainedinadvertisements…Evaluate＂scientific＂statementscarefully,andbeawareofquackery(江湖骗术).G.Thefollowingsuggestionscanhelpyousortthroughthehealthinformationyoureceivefromcommonsources.【错因分析】学生容易因对语意理解有误而误选其他答案。【正确答案】G设问在段尾所选答案应引出下一段的内容。如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时可考虑与下一段开头是否有关联。认真阅读下一段开头几句，看是否与选项紧密相连。注意分析其与前文是转折还是对比关系。此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折、对比的关联词，同时注意选项中所讲内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立、对比关系。如果在第一段的段尾设题，要认真阅读，看此处是细节还是主题。通常文章第一段要提出文章的主题，如果在段尾提出主题，会用一些信号词，如转折词来引出来，正确答案中应有这样的特征词。段尾通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如：therefore，asaresult，thus，hence，inshort，tosumup，toconclude，inaword等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。易错点3逻辑结构衔接理解错误4Aspartofahealthydiet,eatmorefruitsandvegetableseachday.Vitamins(维生素)CandEhelpprotecteyesightandpromoteeyehealth.36\nA.Eatyourgreens.【错因分析】本题学生容易误认为所填句子与文章逻辑结构无关而误选其他答案。【试题解析】这是一道小标题的试题，位于整个段落的最前面，这样的选项，往往是对下面整个段落内容的概括和总结，反映整个段落的主旨和大意。这种试题往往需要从下面的整段中搜索核心词汇，找出做题的线索。空白处后文的内容是：作为健康饮食的一部分，每天要吃更多的水果和蔬菜。维生素C和E帮助保护视力，促进眼睛健康。这里根据下文的核心词汇fruitsandvegetables，Vitamins可知，A项＂Eatyourgreens.(吃点绿色蔬菜)＂能够概括本段大意。故选A项。【正确答案】A1.假如问题出现在段首，它通常是段落主题句认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。另外着重阅读后文第一、二句，锁定线索词，然后在选项中查找相关特征词。通常正确答案的最后一句与空白后的第一句在意思上是紧密衔接的，因此这两句间会有某种衔接手段。2.语篇标记语语篇标记语是指语篇中表明各种逻辑连接关系，并对语篇连贯起指示作用的词语。语篇标记语可以是表示时间顺序的first，then，next等；表达作者组织语篇方式的forexample，inotherwords，inshort等。语篇标记语不仅能表达相邻句子之间的关系，还能表明某一特定语篇的总体走向。因此，对语篇标记语了解得越多，就越可以更好地理解文章的结构和要表达的内容。3.空前空后一篇文章的句与句之间必然有一定的逻辑关联，如果我们把其中一句抽掉，必然会影响其逻辑意义的顺畅发展。比如说空前空后的两句讨论的不是同一个主题，那么空格处所在的句子一般会起转折、改变话题等作用。(1)从行文逻辑上判断——例证关系前后句的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式具有多样性，思维过程基本是归纳(从例子到观点)和推理(从观点到例子)。36\nProtectagainstUVrays(紫外线).Long-termstayinthesuncreatesrisktoyoureyes.Nomatterwhattheseasonis,it’sextremelyimportanttowearsunglasses.2C.Theycanproperlyprotectyoureyes.【解析】空白处前面的句子Nomatterwhattheseasonis，it’sextremelyimportanttowearsunglasses.意为＂无论是什么季节，戴太阳镜是极其重要的＂，属于总结概括句。选项C意为＂它们可以适当地保护你的眼睛＂，本句是对上句观点的举例说明，能很好地顺接语境。故选C。【答案】C(2)从行文逻辑上判断——转折关系转折关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句构成逆转的逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间有however(然而)，nevertheless(然而，不过)，still(还，仍然)，though(可是，不过，然而)，yet(然而)，onthecontrary(正相反)，incontrast(与此相反，相比之下)，incomparison(比较起来，与……比较)，bycomparison(相比之下)等词，则表明前后两句话存在逻辑上的逆转，空格处很有可能表示转折。Don’tforgettoforgiveyourself.5Butitcanrobyouofyourself-confidenceifyoudon’tdoit.E.Forsomepeople,forgivingthemselvesisthebiggestchallenge.【答案】E(3)从行文逻辑上判断——因果关系做题时最重要的是要在读懂空格前后的句子的基础上，依据彼此的关系来确认答案。有时，前后的句子之间出现asaresult(结果)，thus/therefore(因此)，so(such)...that(如此……以至于)等标志性词语，表明前后句有着原因和结果的关系，说明前因后果或者前果后因等情况。Largecitieswereimpossibleuntilagriculturebecameindustrialized.Eveninadvancedagriculturalsocieties,ittookaboutninety-fivepeopleonfarmstofeedfivepeopleincities.36\n4A.Thatkeptcitiesverysmall.【解析】空格的上一句话提到了，即使在先进的农业社会，也需要大约95个农民养活5个城市人，这只有一个结果，就是使得城市很小，与A项信息呼应。【答案】A(4)从行文逻辑上判断——递进关系递进关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句是一种顺承逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间有also(也，而且)，further(进一步地，而且)，furthermore(而且，此外)，likewise(同样地，也)，similarly(相同地，类似地)，moreover(而且，此外)，inaddition(另外，加之)，what’smore(更重要的是)，notonly...butalso(不但……而且……)等连接词或词组，则表明前后两句是逻辑上的递进关系，空格处很有可能是个递进的句子。Overthepasttwocenturies,theIndustrialRevolutionhasbrokenthisbalancebetweenthecityandthecountry._____5____Today,insteadofneedingninety-fivefarmerstofeedfivecitypeople,oneAmericanfarmerisabletofeedmorethanahundrednon-farmers.F.Modernizationdrewpeopletothecitiesandmadefarmersmoreproductive.【答案】F(5)从行文逻辑上判断——并列关系如果空格前后两句话之间有first(首先，第一)，second(第二)，third(第三)；firstly(第一，首先)，secondly(第二(点)，其次)，thirdly(第三)；first(第一)，next(其次)，then(那么，然后)；inthefirstplace(第一，首先)，inthesecondplace(第二，其次)；foronething(首先，一则)，foranother(其次)；tobeginwith(首先，第一)等词或词组，则表明前后两句是逻辑上的并列关系，空格处很有可能是个并列的句子。36\nOneistheestablishment(制定)ofbroadbasicpolicieswithrespecttoproduction;sales;thepurchaseofequipment,materialsandsupplies;andaccounting.4Thethirdrelatestotheestablishmentofstandardsofworkinalldepartments.E.Thesecondaspectrelatestotheapplicationofthesepoliciesbydepartments.【解析】根据上文所提到的One和下文所提到的Thethird可知，这里是按照顺序排列，此处应该是第二条，与E项Thesecondaspect...相呼应。【答案】E【解题步骤】1.通读全文快速浏览文章，把握文章结构及主要内容，寻找主题句。2.定位选项明确各备选选项的含义，抓住其关键词语，围绕文章的整体结构与具体内容，将选项填入文中，填写时尤其要注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段及句中的衔接标志词。3.通读复检将所选答案代入文中，再次通读全文，重点检查逻辑关系。4.确定排除研究多余选项，确定排除理由，以防造成易混选项误选，最终确定答案。【解题策略】熟练利用三种衔接手段——词汇衔接、逻辑衔接、结构衔接。1.词汇衔接词汇衔接可分为：（1）代词英语表达中代词出现的频率很高，代词的作用是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，利用指代关系或根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。（2）同义词/近义词英语前言后语之间常有同义词、近义词、近义表达结构甚至相同词汇的重复使用，这是解题的很好的判断线索。36\n（3）上下义词/同一范畴词什么是上下义词或同一范畴词？举例说明。如：job和driver之间就是上下义词，因为前者包含了后者。driver和doctor之间则是同一范畴的关系，都属于job。1.逻辑衔接逻辑衔接可分为：（1）解释关系：前后句之间含有解释的逻辑关系，这样的逻辑关系较隐蔽。（2）例证关系：前后句的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。（3）因果关系：前后句的逻辑是因果关系，常见的逻辑表达有：because,for,since,as,thereasonisthat,resultin/from,dueto,inresponseto等。（4）顺逆关系：如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上的逆转，则空格处很可能是表转折意义的句子。（5）总分结构关系：英语文章大多数都是总分结构。2.结构衔接结构衔接包括：（1）描述性结构（主要介绍事物、问题的特点或对人物进行描述，因此时间、地点往往是出题的重点）；（2）释义性结构（解释某一理论、学科、事物，主要用举例、比喻来阐述）；（3）比较性结构（把两个人或事物的功能、特点、优缺点进行对比）；（4）原因性结构（这种结构主要分析事物的成因，有客观的、主观的、直接的和间接的等）；（5）驳斥性结构（这种结构主要是先介绍一种观点，然后对其进行评论或驳斥，再分析其优点、危害性，最后阐明自己的观点）。【特别注意】辨别语境线索：语境线索主要指反应上下文关系的衔接手段，如篇章结构、词语重现、逻辑、连接、指称、同构等。词语重现是指词语的重复出现，不是指词语的简单重现，而是指某词语可能以不同词类、词性、数、格、时态、语态等形式出现，还可能是以同义词、近义词甚至反义词等形式出现。（关键词）逻辑是事物之间内在的、必然的联系，包括时间先后关系、空间位置关系、因果关系、归纳总结关系、总分关系等。连接是指用连接词或连接语表明上下文之间的逻辑关系，如and,however。（并列关系、转折关系）指称是指用代词替代前文已出现的人物、事件、物品等，如he,she,they。同构是指上下文使用了同一或类似的句式。【答题探究】36\n一、选项特点(1)主旨概括句（文章整体内容）(2)过渡性句子（文章结构）(3)注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义）二、解题技巧1.查看有无主题句：段首或段尾2.看空前空后内容，分析之间的逻辑性3.观察语法关系：同义词或近义词的重复使用、名词单复数及动词时态的变化、动宾搭配等4.注意代词或定冠词：it,they,this,the…5.注意特殊疑问词及标点符号:why,where,when,what…6.注意连词:however,so,though,notonly…butalso,also...7.灵活掌握答题顺序8.看选项，初步排除含有无关内容的选项。三、七选五解题的三个切入点1.从语境入手在做题时最重要的是要读懂空白前后的句子，明白这几句话的确切意思，然后根据意思的连贯性或逻辑性从选项中选取正确答案。在读懂意思的基础上，再利用线索特征词等进一步确认答案。2.从词汇入手做题时很重要的一点是保持对一些线索词的敏感，最主要的线索特征词是空白前后的名词和动词，寻找答案时注意在选项中查找同义词、近义词、反义词或表示同一类事物的词语等。其次是代词、数词、表示时间/年代的词、地点/名称等专有名词等。尤其是在读不懂句子的情况下，利用这样的线索词寻找答案是很有效的方法。3.从逻辑关系入手由于英语的句、段之间经常会运用关联词表示衔接和过渡，使文章逻辑更清楚和连贯，因此文章中和选项中表示各种逻辑关系的路标性信号词在选择答案时都是很重要的线索。在做题时可将这三个层面的线索很好地结合起来。例如，在看到表示并列或递进关系的关联词时，一般表示前后句子的名词或句意具有同指性；而表示转折让步关系的词则往往表示前后句子的名词同指，但句意对立，或褒贬对立或肯否对立；而表示例证关系的词则意味着在举例之前或之后有表述概念或某一观点的句子，往往会有复数名词出现。常见的关联词主要有：并列与递进关系：and,or,also,neither,nor,either,or,likewise,similarly,equally,inthe36\nsameway,thatistosay,aswellas,thesameas,besides,additionally,furthermore,moreover,inadditionto,what’smore等。因果关系：because,for,since,as,thus,hence,therefore,so,sothat,consequently,accordingly,dueto,thanksto,asaresult,becauseof,inthat,forthisreason,ofcourse等。转折关系：but,however,yet,onthecontrary,bycontrast,ontheotherhand,unfortunately,while,whereas,unlike,ratherthan,insteadof,itistruethat,ofcourse,although,though,eventhough,evenif,nevertheless,despite,inspiteof等。时间关系：afterwards,atfirst,atlast,finally,first,firstly,inthefirstplace,tostartwith,inthemeantime,last,later,next,second,secondly,then,third,thirdly,tobeginwith等。四、解题步骤具体答题步骤如下：1.通读全文，理解大意，画出关键词先快速浏览全文，寻找主题句，快速掌握文章的主题及主要内容。在浏览完全文，对全文的大意有所了解后，我们应该顺次浏览一下所有的选项。在浏览的过程中，要特别注意选项中出现的与原文相同或者相似的词语，如果遇到这种情况，可以试着把选项代入原文，看看是否符合上下文逻辑。2.分析衔接手段，初步试填文章正文部分通常分为若干小段落。详细阅读，明确各段的主旨，并找出各个小段落的关键词，为解题做好铺垫。然后再明确各选项的含义，抓住其关键词语。一般来说，文章的行文需要通过一定的衔接手段来实现。文章的衔接手段有：重复使用某一词语或其近义词，用总称指代具体事物或用具体事物指代整体，使用代词避免重复，使用语篇标记语连接句子等，即词汇衔接、逻辑衔接、结构衔接。我们要对文章汇总出现的衔接手段保持敏感度。有时候我们在读文章时即使没有发现明显的衔接手段，也能感觉到字里行间千丝万缕的逻辑关联。3.做好标记，排除干扰项一旦确定一个选项，就在该选项上做出标记(如删除符号)，以避免其干扰和分散我们的注意力。我们在选完答案后，还要注意对多余选项进行对比分析。由于多余选项可能会与某个正确选项的内容相近，所以我们要对其进行研究，确定排除理由，从而选出正确答案。4.代入重读，确定答案最后，我们还需要将选项代入到文章重读，检查文章逻辑是否合理、语义是否清晰、语句是否连贯通畅，从而判断所选答案是否正确。【特别注意】36\n解七选五类型的题目需注意以下几点：1.根据解题技巧可能发现有两处或三处与该空格有关系，此时必须要冷静分析哪一个选项与该段或整篇文章关系最紧密。2.对该题型大家关注的内容主要是空格前后的内容，在把握好整篇文章主题的前提下，无需对离空格太远的句子进行分析。3.分析选项中的时态是否与全文时态吻合，不能吻合的选项可直接排除。【巧学妙记】七选五做题口诀口诀一：七选五，重结构；给标题，猜大意；段首句，主题句；空前后，靠逻辑；陈述否定祈使句。看标点，大小写；冠名代，特关键；K(=keywords)F(=foretelling)C(=connection)，细品味；主旨过渡细节类。口诀二：文章标题猜大意，段首段尾主题句；空前空后逻辑性，同义举例与对比；代词冠词大小写，标点符号关键词；相似句式或排比，多个条款要对起。高考真题题组一2022年真题Passage1（2022·新课标全国卷I）36\nColorisfundamentalinhomedesign–somethingyou’llalwayshaveineveryroom.Agraspofhowtomanagecolorinyourspacesisoneofthefirststepstocreatingroomsyou’lllovetolivein.Doyouwantaroomthat’sfulloflife?Professional?Orareyoujustlookingforaplacetorelaxafteralongday?36,coloristhekeytomakingaroomfeelthewayyouwantittofeel.Overtheyears,therehavebeenanumberofdifferenttechniquestohelpdesignersapproachthisimportantpoint.37,theycangetalittlecomplex.Butgoodnewsisthatthere’rereallyonlythreekindsofdecisionsyouneedtomakeaboutcolorinyourhome:thesmallones,themediumones,andthelargeones.38.They’rethelittlespotsofcolorlikethrowpillows,mirrorsandbasketsthatmostofususetoaddvisualinteresttoourrooms.Lesstiringthanpaintingyourwallsandlessexpensivethanbuyingacolorfulsofa,smallcolorchoicesbringwiththemthesignificantbenefitofbeingeasilychangeable.Mediumcolorchoicesaregenerallyfurniturepiecessuchassofas,dinnertablesorbookshelves.39.Theyrequireabiggercommitmentthansmallerones,andtheyhaveamorepowerfuleffectonthefeelingofaspace.Thelargecolordecisionsinyourroomsconcernthewalls,ceilings,andfloors.Whetheryou’relookingatwallpaperorpaint,thetime,effortandrelativeexpenseputintoitaresignificant.40.A.WhileallofthemareusefulB.Whateveryou’relookingforC.Ifyou’reexperimentingwithacolorD.Smallcolorchoicesaretheoneswe’remostfamiliarwithE.It’snotreallyagoodideatousetoomanysmallcolorpiecesF.Soitpaystobesure,becauseyouwanttogetitrightthefirsttimeG.Colorchoicesinthisrangeareastepupfromthesmallonesintwomajorways【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了室内设计中颜色的选择问题。36\n38.D【解析】本空是一个主题句，总说选择小颜色是我们很熟悉的方法。后文分说小颜色的具体用途。故选D。Passage2（2022·新课标全国卷II）Ifyouarealreadymakingthetimetoexercise,itisgoodindeed!Withsuchbusylives,itcanbehardtotryandfindthetimetoworkout.___36___Workingoutinthemorningprovidesadditionalbenefitsbeyondbeingphysicallyfit.Yourproductivityisimproved.Exercisingmakesyoumoreawakeandreadytohandlewhateverisaheadofyoufortheday.___37___Yourmetabolism(新陈代谢)getsaheadstart.___38___Ifyouworkoutinthemornings,thenyouwillbegettingthecalorie(卡路里)burningbenefitsforthewholeday,notinyoursleep.___39___Studiesfoundthatpeoplewhowokeupearlyforexercisesleptbetterthanthosewhoexercisedintheevening.Exerciseenergizesyou,soitismoredifficulttorelaxandhaveapeacefulsleepwhenyouareveryexcited.___40___Ifyouworkoutbrightandearlyinthemorning,youwillbemorelikelytosticktohealthyfoodchoicesthroughouttheday.Whowouldwanttoruintheirgoodworkoutbyeatingjunkfood?Youwillwanttocontinuetofocusonpositivechoices.Therearealotofbenefitstoworkingout,especiallyinthemornings.Setyouralarmclockanhourearlyandpushyourselftoworkout!Youwillfeelenergizedalldaylong.A.Youwillsticktoyourdiet.B.Yourqualityofsleepimproves.C.Youpreferhealthyfoodtofastfood.D.Thereisnoreasonyoushouldexerciseinthemorning.36\nE.Youcankeepyourheadclearfor4-10hoursafterexercise.F.Afteryouexercise,youcontinuetoburncaloriesthroughouttheday.G.Ifyouareplanningtodoexerciseregularly,oryou’redoingitnow,thenlistenup!【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。列举了早晨锻炼对人体的四条好处，号召人们早点起床，进行身体锻炼。36.G【解析】根据空前的内容“生活忙碌没有时间锻炼”和空后的内容“晨练除了身体健康之外，还能带来其他好处”，下文接着列举了晨练的其他好处。由此可知，此处缺一个承上启下句。G项中thenlistenup!（那么请仔细听!）很好的起到了承上启下的作用。故选G。37.E【解析】根据上一句Exercisingmakesyoumoreawake（锻炼能让你更清醒），E项（你可以在运动后保持头脑清醒4-10个小时。）是对上一句的进一步解释。故选E。39.B【解析】此处缺一个主题句。空后句子解释了早起锻炼的人比晚上锻炼的人睡得更好。B项（你的睡眠质量提高了。）是对后面内容的总述。故选B。40.A【解析】根据空后句子“Ifyouworkoutbrightandearlyinthemorning,youwillbemorelikelytosticktohealthyfoodchoicesthroughouttheday.（如果你在早晨锻炼身体，你将更有可能坚持健康的食物选择。）”，A项(你将坚持你的饮食。)符合本段内容，是主题句，起到统领下文的作用。故选A。Passage3（2022·新课标全国卷III）Beforetherewasthewrittenword,therewasthelanguageofdance.Danceexpressesloveandhate,joyandsorrow,lifeanddeath,andeverythingelseinbetween.___36___WedancefromFloridatoAlaska,fromnorthtosouthandseatosea.Wedanceatweddings,birthdays,officepartiesandjusttofillthetime.“Iadoredancing,”saysLesterBridges,theownerofadancestudioinIowa.“Ican'timaginedoinganythingelsewithmylife."Bridgesrunsdanceclassesforallages."Teachingdanceiswonderful.____37____It'sgreattowatchthem.Formanyofthem,it'sawayofmeetingpeopleandhavingasociallife."___38___"Icantellyouaboutoneyoungcouple,"saysBridges.“They'relearningtodo36\ntraditionaldances.Theyarriveattheclassinlowspiritsandtheyleavewithasmile._____39_____”So,dowedanceinordertomakeourselvesfeelbetter,calmer,healthier?AndreaHilliersays,“Dance,likethepatternofabeatingheart,islife.Evenafteralltheseyears,Iwanttogetbetterandbetter.____40____Ifindithardtostop!DancingremindsmeI'malive."A.Sowhydowedance?B.DanceintheU.S.iseverywhere.C.Ifyoulikedancingoutdoors,cometoAmerica.D.Myolderstudentssayitmakesthemfeelyoung.E.IkeeppracticingevenWhenI'mextremelytired.F.Dancingseemstochangetheirfeelingcompletely.G.Theystayedupallnightlongsinginganddancing.【文章大意】本文为说明文。文章主要介绍了跳舞的好处。36.B【解析】根据空后的内容WedancefromFloridatoAlaska,fromnorthtosouthandseatosea.Wedanceatweddings,birthdays,officepartiesandjusttofillthetime.可知，这里是说遭美国都有人跳舞从弗罗里达到阿拉斯加，从北到南等，因此B项符合题意。38.A【解析】根据第四段后句，是通过举例介绍人们跳舞的原因，故选A。39.F【解析】根据前句theyarriveattheclassinlowspiritsandtheyleavewithasmile,所以他们的心情彻底改变，故选F。40.E【解析】根据文章前后句可知，此处人称为第一人称，所以E符合语境，作者结合自己的跳舞经历介绍了跳舞给自己带来的好处。Passage4（2022·浙江卷）Movingintoanewhomeinanewneighborhoodisanexcitingexperience.Ofcourse,youwanttomakesurethatyoubecomeanacceptableandvaluablepartofyourneighborhood.theeasiestwaytoaccomplishthisistomakesureyouconductyourselfasagoodneighborshould.___31_____36\nPerhapsoneofthemostimportantthingsyoucandoasagoodneighboristokeepyourproperty(房产)neat,clean,andingoodrepair._____32___Bychoosingtokeeptheoutsideofthehomeingreatshape,youwillhelptoimprovethelookandfeelofthearea.Second,taketheoverallappearanceoftheneighborhoodseriously.Whengoingforawalk，takeasmallgarbagebag.____33_____Thissmallactwillletyourneighborsknowthatyoucareaboutthearea._____34____Ifaneighborisgoingtobeoutoftown,offertocollectmailandnewspapers.Ifaneighborsuffersanillness,offertodothegroceryshopping.Letthemknowyouaretheretohelpinanywaythatisacceptable,whilestillrespectingtheprivacyofyourneighbor._____35___Byfollowingthebasicrulesofrespectingothers,takingcareofwhatbelongstoyou,andtakingprideintheappearanceoftheneighborhoodingeneral,youwillquicklybecomeagoodneighborthateveryoneappreciate.A.Ingeneral,keepaneyeontheirpropertywhiletheyaregone.B.Agoodneighborisalsoonewholikestohelpoutinsmallways.C.Beingagoodneighborismoreorlessaboutconsideratebehavior.D.Sometimesneighborsmaygotothesupermarkettogethertodoshopping.E.Shouldyoucomeacrosswastepaperthrownoutofapassingcar,pickitup.F.Peopletendtotakeprideinkeepingeverythingintheirstreetfreshandinviting.G.Hereareafewtipstohelpyouwinovereveryoneintheneighborhoodquickly【文章大意】怎样成为一个邻居都喜欢的人，作者给了几点建议。31.G【解析】考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段讲如果你想成为邻居中一个可以接受和有价值的部分，最简单的方法就是确保你的行为举止像一个好邻居。下文是具体做法，G项：这里有一些技巧，可以帮助你迅速赢得邻居的信赖。承上启下，故选G。33.E【解析】考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段主要建议要重视社区的整体面貌，出门拿上一个垃圾袋，E项：遇到从路过的汽车里扔出的废纸，把它捡起来。与上句连接，是拿垃圾袋的作用。故选E。36\n34.B【解析】考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段是建议用邻居可以接受的方式帮助他们，同时尊重邻居的隐私。B项：好邻居就是喜欢在小的方面帮助别人的人，符合本段内容，故选B。35.C【解析】考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。最后一段是总结，只要我们考虑周到，尊重他人，照顾好属于自己的东西，为周围的人感到自豪，很快就会成为一个大家都喜欢的好邻居。C项中consideratebehavior是下文内容的概括，故选C。题组二2022年真题Passage1（2022·新课标全国卷I）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。IfanyonehadtoldmethreeyearsagothatIwouldbespendingmostofmyweekendscamping,Iwouldhavelaughedheartily.Campers,inmyeyes,werepeoplewhoenjoyedinsectbites,ill-cookedmeals,anduncomfortablesleepingbags.Theyhadnothingincommonwithme.36Thefriendswhointroducedmetocampingthoughtthatitmeanttobeapioneer.37Wesleptinatent,cookedoveranopenfire,andwalkedalongdistancetotaketheshowerandusethebathroom.ThisbriefvisitwithMotherNaturecostmetwodaysofffromwork,recoveringfromabadcaseofsunburnandthedoctor’sbillformyson’sfoodpoisoning.Iwas,nevertheless,talkedintogoingonanotherfun-filledholidayinthewilderness.38Instead,wehadapop-upcamperwithcomfortablebedsandanairconditioner.Mynature-lovingfriendshadrememberedtobringallthenecessitiesoflife.39Wehavedonealotofitsince.Recently,weboughtatwenty-eight-foottraveltrailercompletewithabathroomandabuilt-inTVset.Thereisaseparatebedroom,amodernkitchenwitharefrigerator.Thetrailerevenhasmatchingcarpetandcurtains.40Itmustbetruethatsoonerorlater,everyonefindshisorherwaybacktonature.Irecommendthatyoufindyourwayinstyle.A.This time there was no tent.B.Things are going to be improved.C.The trip they took me on was a rough one.D.I was to learn a lot about camping since then, however.E.I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping.F.Afterthetrip,myfamilybecamequiteinterestedincamping.G.Therewasnoshadeasthetreeswerenomorethan3feettall.36\n【答案】【语篇解读】三年前，作者对露营一无所知，也不认为自己会喜欢露营。然而后来有过几次露营的经历，作者和他的家人开始爱上了露营，甚至为露营购买了设备齐全的房车。作者认为露营是回归大自然的一个方式，也建议读者找到适合自己的回归自然的方式。37.C【解析】根据后文Wesleptinatent,cookedoveranopenfire,andwalkedalongdistancetotaketheshowerandusethebathroom可知作者第一次露营的条件很艰苦，C选项Thetriptheytookmeonwasaroughone.中的rough暗示了这一点，符合语境。故选C。38.A【解析】根据前文Wesleptinatent,cookedoveranopenfire,andwalkedalongdistancetotaketheshowerandusethebathroom可知作者第一次露营时住帐篷，露天生火做饭，走很远的距离去洗澡、上厕所，条件很艰苦，而后文中Instead,wehadapop-upcamperwithcomfortablebedsandanairconditioner.说明作者第二次露营有床有空调。A选项Thistimetherewasnotent＂这次没有帐篷了＂暗示作者进行了第二次露营，而且条件比较好，符合语境。故选A。40.E【解析】根据后文Itmustbetruethatsoonerorlater,everyonefindshisorherwaybacktonature.Irecommendthatyoufindyourwayinstyle.可知作者希望每个人能找到适合自己的回归自然的方法，而根据前文可知作者回归自然的方式就是露营。E选项ImustsaythatIhavecertainlycometoenjoycamping.(我必须得承认我真的开始享受露营)既是对文章第一段中作者态度转变的一个总结，也很好地衔接了后文。故选E。Passage2（2022·新课标全国卷II）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Interruptionsareoneoftheworstthingstodealwithwhileyou’retryingtogetworkdone.36,thereareseveralwaystohandlethings.Let’stakealookatthemnow.36\n37.Tellthepersonyou’resorryandexplainthatyouhaveamillionthingstodoandthenaskifthetwoofyoucantalkatadifferenttime.Whenpeopletrytointerruptyou,havesethoursplannedandletthemknowtocomebackduringthattimeorthatyou’llfindthemthen.38.Itcanhelptoeliminate(消除)futureinterruptions.Whenyouneedtotalktosomeone,don’tdoitinyourownoffice.39,it’smucheasiertoexcuseyourselftogetbacktoyourworkthanifyoutrytogetsomeoneoutofyourspaceevenafterexplaininghowbusyyouare.Ifyouhaveadoortoyouroffice,makegooduseofit.40.Ifsomeoneknocksandit’snotanimportantmatter,excuseyourselfandletthepersonknowyou’rebusysotheycangetthehint(暗示)thanwhenthedoorisclosed,you’renottobedisturbed.A.Ifyou’rebusy,don’tfeelbadaboutsayingnoB.WhenyouwanttoavoidinterruptionsatworkC.SetboundariesforyourselfasfarasyourtimegoesD.Ifyou’reintheotherperson’sofficeorinapublicareaE.It’simportantthatyouletthemknowwhenyou’llbeavailableF.ItmightseemunkindtocutpeopleshirtwhentheyinterruptyouG.Leaveitopenwhenyou’reavailabletotalkandcloseitwhenyou’renot【答案】【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。为避免工作被打断是一件令人感觉很糟糕的事，文章提出了几点建议，防止此类事件的发生。36.B【解析】根据thereareseveralwaystohandlethings可知下文是关于几种防止在工作中被别人打断的方法，此句与前半句构成一个完整的句子，根据语境故选B。37.A【解析】根据后文＂Tellthepersonyou’resorryandexplainthatyouhaveamillionthingstodoandthenaskifthetwoofyoucantalkatadifferenttime＂可知，学会在自己很忙的时候去拒绝别人。故选A。36\n39.D【解析】根据后文＂it’smucheaseiertoexcuseyourselftogetbacktoyourworkthanifyoutrytogetsomeoneoutofyourspaceevenafterexplaininghowbusyyouare＂可知，此句中it指代前文＂don’tdoitinyourownoffice＂，也就是说此段中作者认为比起在自己的办公室解释，不在自己的办公室更容易。故选D。40.G【解析】根据＂Ifyouhaveadoortoyouroffice,makegooduseofit.＂可知，此段主要是讲述关于如何利用自己办公室的门来防止被打扰。故选G。Passage3（2022·新课标全国卷III）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Lotsofpeoplefindithardtogetupinthemorning,andputtheblameonthealarmclock.Infact,thekeytoeasymorningwake-upliesinrestingyourbodyclock.36Here’showtomakeone.●37Inordertomakeachange,youneedtodecidewhyit’simportant.Doyouwanttogetupintimetohavebreakfastwithyourfamily,getinsomeexercise,orjustbebetterpreparedforyourday?Onceyouareclearaboutyourreasons,tellyourfamilyorroommatesaboutthechangeyouwanttomake.●Rethinkmornings.Nowthatyouknowwhyyouwanttowakeup,considerre-arrangingyourmorningactivities.Ifyouwanttimetohavebreakfastwithyourfamily,savesometimethenightbeforebysettingoutclothes,shoes,andbags.38That’saquarter-hourmoreyoucouldbesleepingifyouboughtacoffeemakerwithatimer.●Keepyoursleep/wakescheduleonweekends.Ifyou’retiredoutbyFridaynight,sleepinginonSaturdaycouldsoundwonderful.Butcompensatingontheweekendsactuallyfeedsintoyoursleepinessthefollowingweek,arecentstudyfound.39●Keeparecordandevaluateitweekly.Keeptrackofyoureffortsandwritedownhowyoufeel.Afteryou’vetriedanewmethodforaweek,takealookatyourrecord.40Ifnot,takeanotherlookatothermethodsyoucouldtry.A.Getasleepspecialist.B.Findtherightmotivation.C.Abetterplanforsleepcanhelp.D.Andconsidersettingasecondalarm.36\nE.Ifthestepsyoutakeareworking,keepitup.F.Sticktoyoursetbedtimeandwake-uptime,nomattertheday.G.Reconsiderthe15minutesyouspendinlineatthecafetogetcoffee.【答案】【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何帮助人们制订一个计划去调节生物钟，确保起床不再是一件令人头疼的事。38.G【解析】根据下句内容可知，作者建议人们买一个可以定时的咖啡机，这样可以节约15分钟的喝咖啡时间，能够多睡15分钟，文中的aquarter-hour和选项中的15minutes相呼应，是信息提示词。故选G。Passage4（2022·浙江卷）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。HowtoDoMan-on-the-StreetInterviewsTheman-on-the-streetinterviewisaninterviewinwhichareporterhitsthestreetswithacameramantointerviewpeopleonthespot.31Butwiththesetips,yourfirstman-on-the-streetinterviewexperiencecanbeeasy.●Whenyourbossorprofessorsendsyououttodoman-on-the-streetinterviewsforastory,thinkaboutthetopicanddevelopalistofabouttengeneralquestionsrelatingtoit.Forexample,ifyourtopicisaboutenvironmentalproblemsinAmerica,youmightask,＂WhydoyouthinkenvironmentalprotectionisimportantinAmerica?＂32●Hitthestreetswithconfidence.33Say,＂Excuseme,IworkforXYZNews,andIwaswonderingifyoucouldshareyouropinionaboutthistopic.＂Thisisaquickwaytogetpeopletowarmuptoyou.36\n●Moveontothenextpersonifsomeonetellsyousheisnotinterestedintalkingoncamera.Don’tgetdiscouraged.●34Eachinterviewthatyougetonthestreetshouldn’tbelongerthantenminutes.Assoonasyougettheansweryouneed,moveontothenextperson.Makesurethatasyougofrominterviewtointerview,youaregettingavarietyofanswers.Ifeveryoneisgivingyouthesameanswer,youwon’tbeabletouseit.Asafenumberofinterviewstoconductisaboutsixtoten.35●Ifyournewsstationorschoolrequiresintervieweestosignreleaseformstoappearontheair,don’tleaveworkwithoutthem.A.Limityourtime.B.Asyouapproachpeople,bepolite.C.Ifyoudon’townacamera,youcanbuyone.D.Fornewreporters,thiscanseemlikeachallengingtask.E.Togetgoodandusefulresults,askthemthesamequestion.F.Thatnumberofinterviewsshouldgiveyoualltheanswersyouneed.G.Withaquestionlikethis,youwillgetmorethana＂Yes＂or＂No＂reply.【答案】【语篇解读】本文主要讲了进行街道随机采访的若干技巧。31.D【解析】根据空格后一句中的＂yourfirstman-on-streetinterviewexperiencecanbeeasy＂可知这是对于记者新人所提出的建议，而选项D中的＂newreporters＂正好与其相承接，故选D。34.A【解析】根据空格后一句＂Eachinterviewthatyougetonthestreetshouldn’tbelongerthantenminutes.＂可知这一段的建议是要限制采访的时间，故选A。35.F【解析】空格前一句是＂Asafenumberofinterviewstoconductisaboutsixtoten＂，而选项F中＂Thatnumberofinterviews…＂正好与其相呼应，故选F。【名师点睛】36\n本文34题属于七选五阅读中最常见的设空在段首，那么选择的通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。本题我们根据空格后一句＂Eachinterviewthatyougetonthestreetshouldn’tbelongerthantenminutes.＂可知这段要求我们采访时要限制时间。故A项为本段主题句。当七选五阅读设空在句首时，还可能存在以下两种情况：1.属于段落间的过渡句。这时要前瞻后望找启示，即阅读上一段结尾部分，通常正确答案与上一段结尾有机地衔接起来，并结合下一段内容，看所选的答案是否将两段内容连贯起来。2.与后文是并列、转折、因果关系等。着重阅读后文第一、二句，锁定线索信号词，然后在选项中查找相关特征词。通常正确答案的最后一句与空白后的第一句在意思上是紧密衔接的，因此这两句间会有某种衔接手段，尤其当选项是几句话时。比如，如果选项中出现时间年代时，往往要注意与原文中年代的前后对应关系。 题组三2022年真题Passage1(2022·新课标全国卷I)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Secretcodes(密码)keepmessagesprivate.Banks,companies,andgovernmentagenciesusesecretcodesindoingbusiness,especiallywheninformationissentbycomputer.Peoplehaveusedsecretcodesforthousandsofyears. 36 Codebreakingneverlags(落后)farbehindcodemaking.Thescienceofcreatingandreadingcodedmessagesiscalledcryptography.Therearethreemaintypesofcryptography. 37 Forexample,thefirstlettersof＂Myelephanteatstoomanyeels＂spelloutthehiddenmessage＂Meetme.＂ 38 Youmightrepresenteachletterwithanumber,forexample.Let’snumberthelettersofthealphabet,inorder,from1to26.Ifwesubstituteanumberforeachletter,themessage＂Meetme＂wouldread＂135520135.＂Acodeusessymbolstoreplacewords,phrases,orsentences.Toreadthemessageofarealcode,youmusthaveacodebook. 39 Forexample,＂bridge＂mightstandfor＂meet＂and＂out＂mightstandfor＂me.＂Themessage＂Bridgeout＂wouldactuallymean＂Meetme.＂ 40 However,itisalsohardtokeepacodebooksecretforlong.Socodesmustbechangedfrequently.A.Itisveryhardtobreakacodewithoutthecodebook.B.Inanylanguage,somelettersareusedmorethanothers.36\nC.Onlypeoplewhoknowthekeywordcanreadthemessage.D.Aslongastherehavebeencodes,peoplehavetriedtobreakthem.E.Youcanhideamessagebyhavingthefirstlettersofeachwordspellitout.F.Withacodebook,youmightwritedownwordsthatwouldstandforotherwords.G.Anotherwaytohideamessageistousesymbolstostandforspecificlettersofthealphabet.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了密码的设置和破解的方法。比如利用该字母在字母表中排序的数字来代表该字母，或者利用一些单词的首字母来组成一个密码等。 38.G【解析】上一段介绍了第一种密码类型，本段介绍的是第二种类型，再根据空后的内容可知，空处选G(另外一种隐藏信息的方式是用符号来代表字母表中的特定字母)。Passage2(2022·新课标全国卷II)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Agardenthat’sjustrightforyouHaveyouevervisitedagardenthatseemedjustrightforyou,wheretheatmosphereofthegardenappearedtototalmorethanthesum(总和)ofitsparts? 36 .Butitdoesn’thappenbyaccident.Itstartswithlookinginsideyourselfandunderstandingwhoyouarewithrespecttothenaturalworldandhowyouapproachthegardeningprocess.● 37 Somepeoplemaythinkthatagardenisnomorethanplants,flowers,patternsandmassesofcolor.Othersareconcernedaboutusinggardeningmethodsthatrequirelesswaterandfewerfertilizers(肥料). 38 .However,thereareanumberofotherreasonsthatmightexplainwhyyouwanttogarden.Oneofthemcomesfromourearliestyears.●Recall(回忆)yourchildhoodmemories36\nOurmodelofwhatagardenshouldbeoftengoesbacktochildhood.Grandma’srosegardenandDad’svegetablegardenmightbegoodorbad,butthat’snotwhat’simportant. 39 —howbeinginthosegardensmadeusfeel.Ifyou’dliketobuildapowerfulbondwithyourgarden,startbytakingsometimetorecallthegardensofyouryouth. 40 .Thengooutsideandworkoutaplantotranslateyourchildhoodmemoriesintoyourgrown-upgarden.Havefun.A.KnowwhyyougardenB.FindagoodplaceforyourowngardenC.It’sourexperienceofthegardenthatmattersD.It’sdelightfultoseesomanybeautifulflowersE.StillothersmaysimplyenjoybeingoutdoorsandclosetoplantsF.Youcanproducethatkindofmagicalqualityinyourowngarden,tooG.Foreachofthosegardens,writedownthestrongestmemoryyouhave【语篇解读】本文属于说明文，美丽的花园能给我们带来美好的视觉享受，文章中给出了两个自己建设花园的具体建议。 37.A【解析】考查子标题。根据下文中的＂anumberofotherreasonsthatmightexplainwhyyouwanttogarden＂可知，本段的主题应与你想要种植花园的原因有关，故选A项。 38.E【解析】考查上下文的衔接。根据上文的＂Somepeoplemaythink...＂和＂Othersareconcernedabout...＂可知此处表达的是人们种植花园的不同原因，而E项中的＂Stillothersmaysimplyenjoy...＂与上下文衔接自然，故选E项。39.C【解析】考查上下文的衔接。根据上文的＂...butthat’snotwhat’simportant＂和下文中的＂howbeinginthosegardensmadeusfeel＂可知此处讲的应是什么是重要的，故C项符合语境。40.G【解析】考查上下文的衔接。上文的＂thegardensofyouryouth＂以及下文的＂yourchildhoodmemories＂与G项中的＂thosegardens＂和＂thestrongestmemoryyouhave＂相呼应，故选G项。Passage3(2022·新课标全国卷III)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。36\nEveryoneknowsthatfishisgoodforhealth. 36 Butitseemsthatmanypeopledon’tcookfishathome.Americanseatonlyaboutfifteenpoundsoffishperpersonperyear,butweeattwiceasmuchfishinrestaurantsasathome.Buying,storing,andcookingfishisn’tdifficult. 37 Thistextisabouthowtobuyandcookfishinaneasyway. 38 Freshfishshouldsmellsweet:youshouldfeelthatyou’restandingattheocean’sedge.Anyfishyorstrongsmellmeansthefishisn’tfresh. 39 Whenyouhaveboughtafishandarrivehome,you’dbetterstorethefishintherefrigeratorifyoudon’tcookitimmediately,butfreshfishshouldbestoredinyourfridgeforonlyadayortwo.Frozenfishisn’tastastyasthefreshone.Therearemanycommonmethodsusedtocookfish. 40 First,cleanitandseasonitwithyourchoiceofspices(调料).Putthewholefishonaplateandsteamitinasteampotfor8to10minutesifitweighsaboutonepound.(Alargeronewilltakemoretime.)Then,it’sreadytoserve.A.Donotbuyit.B.Theeasiestistosteamit.C.Thisishowyoucandoit.D.Itjustrequiresalittleknowledge.E.Thefishwillgobadwithinhours.F.Whenbuyingfish,youshouldfirstsmellit.G.Thefatsinfisharethoughttohelppreventheartdisease.【语篇解读】本文向大家介绍了如何用简单的方法购买和烹制鱼。36.G【解析】考查与首句语意的一致性。由空后的句意表示转折可知，转折前的句子在语意上应该保持一致，即说明吃鱼对健康的益处。故选G。39.A【解析】考查段落中句子间语意的连贯性和代词的正确使用。空前提到，浓烈的气味说明鱼已不新鲜，故不能买这种鱼。据此可知A项正确。36\n40.B【解析】考查段落中句子间语意的连贯性。本段的主题为如何烹制鱼，下文讲到了烹制鱼的步骤：首先，洗净鱼；其次，添加调料；最后，将装有鱼的盘子放入蒸锅中，蒸8至10分钟即可食用(以重约为一磅的鱼为例)。故选B项＂最简单的方法是蒸＂。Passage4(2022·北京)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。TheScienceofRisk-SeekingSometimeswedecidethatalittleunnecessarydangerisworthitbecausewhenweweightheriskandthereward,theriskseemsworthtaking. 71 Someofusenjoyactivitiesthatwouldsurpriseandscaretherestofus.Why?Expertssayitmayhavetodowithhowourbrainswork.Thereasonwhyanyofustakeanyrisksatallmighthavetodowithearlyhumans.Risk-takerswerebetterathunting,fighting,orexploring. 72 Asthequalityofrisk-takingwaspassedfromonegenerationtothenext,humansendedupwithasenseofadventureandatoleranceforrisk.Sowhyaren’twealljumpingoutofairplanesthen?Well,even200,000yearsago,toomuchrisk-takingcouldgetonekilled.Afewdaringsurvived,though,alongwithafewstay-in-the-cavetypes.Asaresult,humansdevelopedarangeofcharactertypesthatstillexiststoday.Somaybeyoulovecarracing,ormaybeyouhateit. 73 Nomatterwhereyouareontherisk-seekingrange,scientistssaythatyourwillingnesstotakerisksincreasesduringyourteenageyears. 74 Tohelpyoudothat,yourbrainincreasesyourhungerfornewexperiences.Newexperiencesoftenmeantakingsomerisks,soyourbrainraisesyourtoleranceforriskaswell. 75 Fortherisk-seekers,apartofthebrainrelatedtopleasurebecomesactive,whilefortherestofus,apartofthebrainrelatedtofearbecomesactive.Asexpertscontinuetostudythescienceofrisk-seeking,we’llcontinuetohitthemountains,thewavesortheshallowendofthepool.A.Italldependsonyourcharacter.B.Thosearetherisksyoushouldjumptotake.C.Beingbetteratthosethingsmeantagreaterchanceofsurvival.D.Thus,thesewell-equippedpeoplesurvivedbecausetheywerethefittest.E.Thisiswhenyoustarttomoveawayfromyourfamilyandintothebiggerworld.36\nF.However,wearenotallusingthesamereferencestandardtoweighrisksandrewards.G.Newbrainresearchsuggestsourbrainsworkdifferentlywhenwefaceanervoussituation.【答案】【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文，作者讲的是有关冒险的科学的探索方面的内容。 73.A【解析】前文说人们有各种不同的性格，因此你可能喜欢赛车，或者讨厌赛车，故A项＂这完全是由你的性格决定的＂符合语境。 74.E【解析】根据上文的＂yourwillingness...teenageyears＂及下文的＂hungerfornewexperiences...＂可知E项符合语境。 75.G【解析】根据空后的＂Fortherisk-seekers...becomesactive＂可知，此处讲的是面对紧张的局面时我们的大脑会有不同的反应，故G项符合语境。【名师点睛】七选五解答方案： 1.先看选项。跟完形填空不一样，七选五的答案选项较少，并且给出的都是句子，因此，我们可以通过句子的完整性或者句子后面的标点符号来判断该句在文章中的位置。另外，通过阅读选项，有可能找出跟其他选项表达完全不同意思的句子，这样的话我们就可以直接将该选项排除。 2.再看空前空后。由于七选五空出的是整个句子，而这些句子与句子之间，必然有一种联系，因此我们可以通过选项中某个名词或动词跟空前或空后的一致性或者相关性来确定这两个句子之间有一种关联性，从而选择正确的答案。3.注意代词或定冠词。在做这类题目的时候，一定要注意句子中出现的人称代词或者指示代词，因为我们知道，代词是指代一个名词或者一个句子的，然后通过代词在句子中所做的成分我们可以推断出它指代的句子的类型，我们要做的就是从选项中找这类句型就可以了。 4.注意一些特殊疑问词。如果选项中或空前出现特殊疑问词，一定要把这句话仔细读几遍，因为对于不同特殊疑问词的回答方式是不一样的，比如对why的回答，后面要有because等表原因的词，对when的回答，后面要有表时间的状语，对where的回答，后面要有表地点的名词，对how的回答，后面要有方式状语等。36\n5.注意一些连词。如一些表示转折的连词，but，However，yet，though，nevertheless等，另外还有一些表示并列关系的连词如and，also，aswellas，neithernor，eitheror，notonly...butalso，ononehand....ontheotherhand等。因为这些连词可以表现句子与句子之间的关系，通过不同的连词我们可以推知句子与句子之间不同的关系。Passage5(2022·四川)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Bothmenandwomenarelivinglongerthesedaysinindustrializedcountries.36Ingeneral,theycanexpecttolivesixorsevenyearsmorethanmen.Onereasonforthisisbiological.Oneimportantbiologicalfactorthathelpswomenlivelongeristhedifferenceinhormonesbetweenmenandwomen.37Betweentheagesofabout12and50,womenproducehormonesthatareinvolvedinfertility(生育能力).Thesehormonesalsohaveapositiveeffectontheheartandbloodflow.Infact,womenarelesslikelytohavehighbloodpressureortodiefromheartattacks.38Theyhelpthebodydefenditselfagainstsomekindsofinfections.Thismeansthatwomengenerallygersicklessoftenandlessseriouslythanmen.Thecommoncoldisagoodexample:women,onaverage,getfewercoldsthanmen.39Scientistsarestillnotexactlysurehowinfluenceaging,buttheybelievethattheydo.Somethinkthatawoman’sbodycellshaveatendency(倾向)toagemoreslowlythanaman’s.Othersthinkthataman’sbodycellshaveatendencytoagemorequickly.40A.However, women, on average, live longer.B.The biological factor plays an important part.C. Women are also helped by their female genes.D. The female hormones also protect the body in another way.E. Recent research seems to support both of these possibilities.F. Therefore, women are more healthy than men and can live a better life.G. Hormones are chemicals which are produced by the body to control carious body functions.【答案】36\n【语篇解读】本文介绍了女性比男性寿命长的原因。38.D【解析】根据下句＂它们帮助身体本身抵抗各种感染＂可知此空的意思是：女性荷尔蒙也用另一种方式保护身体。故选D。39.C【解析】根据下句＂科学家仍然没有确切地表明基因怎样影响变老，但是他们认为基因确实在影响变老＂可知上句：女性基因也在帮助女性。40.E【解析】根据空格前两句＂一些人认为女性的身体细胞有比男性老化慢的倾向，另一些人认为男性的身体细胞有老化较快的倾向＂可知E项＂最近的研究似乎支持这两种可能＂符合题意。故选E。【名师点睛】在做七选五时一定要注意空格前后句子的暗示词，可以准确确定空格上的选项。比如第40小题，Somethinkthatawoman’sbodycellshaveatendency(倾向)toagemoreslowlythanaman’s.Othersthinkthataman’sbodycellshaveatendencytoagemorequickly.40句中的Some…Others…，是关键词，从这里知道这是两种观点。根据空格前两句：一些人认为女性身体细胞有一个比男性老化慢的倾向，另一些人认为男性身体细胞有一个老化快的倾向。可知E项符合题意。＂最近研究似乎支持这两种可能＂。故选E。经典演练Passage1(2022届四川省双流中学高三模考)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Whileyouaretravellingabroad,culturalmistakesaremoreseriousthanlinguisticmistakes,whichcanleadtoseriousmisunderstandingandevenill-feelingbetweenindividuals. 1 ●TouchingSomeone 2 InMediterraneancountries,ifyoudon’ttouchsomeone’sarmwhentalkingtothemorifyoudon’tgreetthemwithkissesorawarmhug,you’llbeconsideredcold.Butbackslap(拍背)someonewhoisn’tafamilymemberoragoodfriendinKorea,andyou’llmakethemuncomfortable.InThailand,theheadisconsideredsacred-neverevenpatachildonthehead.36\n●TalkingOverDinnerInsomecountries,likeChina,JapanandsomeAfricannations,thefood’sdiething,sodon’tstartchattingaboutyourday’sadventureswhileeveryoneelseisdiggingintodinner. 3 It’snotbecauseyourgroupisunfriendly,butbecausemealtimesareforeating,nottalking.●RemovingYourShoesorNotTakeoffyourshoeswhenarrivingatthedoorofaLondondinnerpartyandthehostesswillfindyouuncivilized,butfailtoremoveyourshoesbeforeenteringahomeinAsia,Hawaii,orthePacificIslandsandyou’llbeconsidereddisrespectful.So,ifyouseearowofshoesatthedoor,startundoingyourlaces. 4 Onceyouareonthegroundofadifferentcountry,remainhighlysensitivetonativebehavior. 5 Anddon’tfeeloffendedifsomethingseemsoffensive-likequeuejumping.Afterall,thisisaglobalvillage,andweareallverydifferent.A.Ifnot,keeptheshoeson.B.You’lllikelybemetwithsilence.C.Neverbecompletelysurprisedbyanything.D.Personalspacevariesasyoutraveltheglobe.E.Asiansconsiderremovingshoesimpoliteathome.F.Lookoutforthefollowingculturalmistakesandtrytoavoidthem.G.Thelinguisticmistakemeansthatsomeoneisnotfullyexpressinghisidea.【文章大意】国家不同，文化有所差异，所以一定要注意当地的风俗。1.F【解析】前面提到出国旅游时，一定要注意文化差异造成的错误所带来的后果，而后面内容讲述了该注意的应避免的几个事项。所以此处是对后文的综述。故选F。4.A【解析】前一句“So,ifyouseearowofshoesatthedoor,startundoingyourlaces.”说如果在门口有一些鞋子，那么你也要脱掉；相反，如果没有，你就可以穿着鞋子进入房间。故选A。5.C【解析】根据后面的“Afterall,thisisaglobalvillage,andweareallverydifferent.”可知，国家不同，文化有所差异，所以对遇到的情况不要感到惊讶。故选C。36\nPassage2(2022届安徽省江淮十校高三次联考)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。“JaneEyre”waspublishedin1847.Itisnotjustaromancenovel,butaneducationalstory.WomencanlearnsomuchfromthisgreatVictorianheroine.ThisisnottosuggestthatJanedidn’thaveshortcomings. 1 Youcanovercomeyourpast,howeverbaditis.JaneEyreismademiserableasachildbyherhorriblerelatives. 2 Heconstantlyremindsherthatshe’sanorphan(孤儿).ButshelearnsalotaboutlettinggowhensheissenttoaboardingschoolandmakesfriendswithHelen. 3 Janenotes,“Theworldwasavariedfieldofhopesandexcitementwaitingforthosewhohadthecouragetogoforth.”IfJanehadn’tbeenbrave,shemighthavereturnedtothecruelwomanwhoraisedher.Don’tbeafraidtospeakyourmind.Sheisnotscaredtovoiceheropinionswhennecessary.Itismuchbettertotalkaboutthingsthantohideunspokenanger. 4 Bepositive.WhenJanewasyounger,shehadatendencytofeelsorryforherself. 5 Butasshegetsolder,shelearnstobehappydespiteherpast.A.Youcandecideyourlife.B.Thepossibilitiesforlifeareendlessforthosewhotakerisks.C.Talkingalsohelpshealrelationshipsaswell.D.Hercousin,John,istheworst.E.Itisweakandsillytosayyoucan’tbearwhatitisyourfatetoberequiredtobear.F.Still,there’smuchtobelearnedfromthewayshechoosestolive.G.Herlifewasmiserable.【文章大意】本文主要介绍了《简爱》的女主简身上有很多值得我们学习的地方。2.D【解析】根据本空前的“JaneEyreismademiserableasachildbyherhorriblerelatives.”可知，此处将提到一个可怕的亲戚，同时又与本空后的He一致，D项中的Hercousin符合这一点。3.B【解析】根据本空后的“Theworldwasavariedfieldofhopesandexcitementwaitingforthose36\nwhohadthecouragetogoforth.”可知，此处是说对于敢于冒险的人来说，生活充满了各种可能性。4.C【解析】根据本空前的“tismuchbettertotalkaboutthingsthantohideunspokenanger.”可知，此处承接上文，讲的是交谈的好处。5.G【解析】根据本空前的“WhenJanewasyounger,shehadatendencytofeelsorryforherself.”可知，此处是说她的生活很悲惨。Passage3根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Birdsarewonderfulbothaspetsandasvisitorstothegarden.Ifyou’reconsideringbirdownership,thecarerequirementsincludeprovidinggoodhousing,nutritiousfoodandkeepinganeyeonthebird’shealth.Choosethebirdspecieswithcare. 1 Itisveryimportanttolearnasmuchasyoucanaboutthespeciesbeforedecidingwhichbirdyouwillchoose.Thebirdmustmatchyourlifestyle,interestsandabilitytotakegoodcareofit. 2 Thecagesizeshouldbebigenoughforthebirdtoputitswingsoutstraightfromsidetoside.Sincesmallcagestendtoleadtobehaviorproblems,spaceinthecageisimportant—thebiggerthespaceinthecage,thebetter.Feedthebirdregularlyataboutthesametimeeachday.Thiscouldbewhenyoueat,ormaybeearlier. 3 Sothebirdknowswhentoexpectitsfood.Besides,providethebirdwithaveragetemperaturewaterandchangeitdailytoensurethefreshness.Keepthecageproperlyandregularlycleaned.Acleancagereducestheriskofyourbirdsufferingfrombacteria.Regularremovalofbirddroppingsisveryimportantforkeepingthebirdhealthy. 4 Givethebirdlotsofattention.Talktoyourbirdasitridesaroundthehouse.Thisisnecessaryduringthefirstcoupleofyears. 5 Forexample,somebirdswillperfectlymimic(模仿)thesoundofyoumovingthecleaningclothoverthestoveortable.A.Notallbirdspeciesareappropriateaspets.B.Anyhow,chooseatimeandtrytosticktoit.C.Purchasetherightkindofcageforhousingthebird.D.Ifyourbirdgetslotsofattention,heorshewillbehappierasawhole.36\nE.Identifytheexactfoodneededbythespeciesofbirdyou’recaringfor.F.Birdsarefastlearnersandwillsurpriseyouwiththeirrangeofsoundeffects.G.Moreover,abirdlivinginacleanenvironmenttendstobemoreactiveandhappier.【文章大意】本文是说明文，主要介绍了养鸟方面的内容。2.C【解析】根据空后的"Thecagesizeshouldbebigenoughforthebirdtoputitswingsoutstraightfromsidetoside"和"spaceinthecageisimportant—thebiggerthespaceinthecage,thebetter"可知，本段主要介绍的是鸟笼的大小、空间方面的内容，故C项"购买合适的笼子来安置鸟"符合语境。3.B【解析】根据本段的主题句"Feedthebirdregularlyataboutthesametimeeachday"及空后的"Sothebirdknowswhentoexpectitsfood"可知，空处内容与给鸟喂食有关，且与空后一句构成因果关系，故B项"无论如何，选择一个时间并努力坚持下去"符合语境。易错点拨：本题易错选E项。虽然E项内容有关"食物"，但与下文的内容不构成一定的逻辑关系，故可排除。4.G【解析】根据空前的"Acleancagereducestheriskofyourbirdsufferingfrombacteria.Regularremovalofbirddroppingsisveryimportantforkeepingthebirdhealthy"可知，空处的内容应该与保持鸟笼干净的重要性或好处有关，故G项"此外，生活在洁净环境中的鸟往往会更活泼，更快乐"符合语境。5.F【解析】根据空前的"Talktoyourbirdasitridesaroundthehouse"及空后所举的例子可知，此处内容应是关于给予鸟关注，与鸟说话的结果。F项中的"theirrangeofsoundeffects"与下文中的"perfectlymimic(模仿)thesound"相呼应，故选F。【易错点拨】本题易错选D项。虽然D项中的"birdgetslotsofattention"与最后一段的主题句"Givethebirdlotsofattention"相呼应，但D项中的"鸟会更快乐"与下文所举的事例之间无关联，故可排除D项。Passage4根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Businessistheorganizedapproachtoprovidingcustomerswiththegoodsandservicestheywant.Thewordbusinessalsoreferstoanorganizationthatprovidesthesegoodsandservices.36\nMostbusinessesseektomakeaprofit（利润）—thatis,theyaimtoachieveincomethatismorethanthecostsofoperatingthebusiness._____1_____Commonlycallednonprofits,theseorganizationsareprimarilynongovernmentalserviceproviders._____2_____Businessmanagementisatermusedtodescribethetechniquesofplanning,direction,andcontroloftheoperationsofabusiness.3Oneistheestablishment（制定）ofbroadbasicpolicieswithrespecttoproduction;sales;thepurchaseofequipment,materialsandsupplies;andaccounting.4Thethirdrelatestotheestablishmentofstandardsofworkinalldepartments.Directionisconcernedprimarilywithsupervision（监管）andguidancebythemanagementinauthority.5A.Planninginbusinessmanagementhasthreemainaspects.B.Inthetheoryofbusinessmanagement,organizationhastwomainaspects.C.Thesecondaspectrelatestotheapplicationofthesepoliciesbydepartments.D.However,somebusinessesonlyseektoearnenoughtocovertheiroperatingcosts.E.Inthisconnectionthereisthedifferencebetweentopmanagementandoperativemanagement.F.Controlincludestheuseofrecordsandreportstocompareactualworkwiththesetstandardsforwork.G.Examplesofnonprofitbusinessincludesuchorganizationsassocialserviceagenciesandmayhospitals.【答案】【语篇解读】文章第一段描述了business的两个含义：一是提供顾客所要商品和服务的方法；二是提供这些商品和服务的组织。文展第二段则细述了商务管理是用来描述计划、指导以及控制公司运作技巧的术语，并在下文中对这三方面进行了一一阐述。2.G【解析】根据文意，前文提到的theseorganizationsareprimarilynongovernmentalserviceproviders中的theseorganizations实指nonprofitsorganizations，所以此处第2题的内容应该是对nongovernmentalserviceproviders（非政府服务提供商）的进一步解释。纵观选项，只有答案G是在举例子，而且也出现了关键词nonprofit，所以正确答案为G。36\n4.C【解析】还是依靠＂指路词＂，文中出现过了第一和第三，所以本空肯定描述的是第二方面。纵观选项，只有答案C出现了thesecond，所以答案为C。5.F【解析】观察第二段可知，商务管理中涉及的techniquesofplanning,direction均已经提到，只差最后一个control（控制）还未提及，所以本空一定和control有关。纵观选项，只有答案F出现了关键词control，所以答案为F。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________36
