第二步 通览全局，写作分类突破李仕才第一讲 如何写概要一、题型特点读写任务型作文的写作内容一般分为两个部分，即写作内容一为概括短文大意，以及写作内容二，就某个主题发表看法。“读写任务”是“读”和“写”的有机结合，“读”的材料是为了后面的“写”提供情景；同样，“写”也是对“读”的材料的思考和延伸。二、写作技巧1.写作步骤摘要通常要求写30词左右，一般由“主题句＋支撑句”构成。写作时可按以下步骤进行。(1)寻找关键词。文章的关键词可结合写作内容中的“就……”主题发表自己的看法的要求来确定。如，要求你“以约120词讲述一次你(或你的朋友)想家的经历”，那么所阅读的文章的主题词就应是homesick。(2)确定主题句。文章的主题句首先可通过所给阅读材料的标题来确定，阅读材料的标题即是文章的论点或主题句。没有标题的文章，我们就应注意第一段(总起段)和最后一段(总结段)，或每一段的第一句或第二句(总起句)和最后一句(总结句)。没有主题句的需要自己根据段落大意进行总结。(3)重构主题句。主题句要能概括全文中心，并能涵盖后面支撑句的所有内容。(4)重组支撑句。支撑句的意义在逻辑上受制于主题句，对主题句进行补充或者提供证据。2.概括的形式：“主题句＋支撑句”即“主题＋主题的什么”文体主题句支撑句议论文文章论点文章论据记叙文故事的写作目的/主题故事大意说明文说明的对象/观点/现象解释/分述5\n[名师点津] 写概要时不要照搬原文中的句子，而必须用自己的话来转述。概括可采用总→分的形式，即第一句话是主题句，清楚明白地告诉读者文章的主要内容(这句话举足轻重)，后面的句子对主题句进行解释和支撑，主题之外的内容要毫不吝啬地予以剔除。【典例示范】请阅读下面短文，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。(江苏卷)Whenwereadnewspapers,weoftencomeacrosssuchEnglishwordsas“AIDS”and“PK.”WhenwewatchTV,wefrequentlyhearwordslike“NBA”or“PM2.5.”Whenwespeak,weautomaticallyusewordslike“OUT”or“Bye-bye.”Englishwordsandexpressionslikethesearegettingpopular.Theyhavealreadybecomepartofourdailylanguage.And239EnglishwordshavebeenincludedinthelatestDictionaryofContemporaryChinese.Theinclusionhasstartedaheateddiscussion.AgroupofscholarssignedaletterofcomplaintovertheinclusionoftheseEnglishwords,which,theythink,goesagainstChineselanguagepolicies.TheynotonlyworrythatChineseisborrowinganincreasingnumberofEnglishwordsbutarealsoconcernedthattheinclusionmayhurtthedignityoftheChineselanguage.However,othersareinfavoroftheinclusionbecauseitishardtosaywhetheritwillthreatentheChineselanguage.Theybelievetheselectionismostlyaresultoftheirfunctionanduseindailylife.[写作内容]1.用约30个单词写出上文概要；2.用约120个单词发表你的观点，内容包括：(1)支持或反对汉语词典收录英语词汇；(2)用2～3个理由或论据支撑你的观点。[写作要求]1.可以支持文中任一观点，但必须提供理由或论据；2.阐述观点或提供论据时，不能直接引用原文语句；3.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；4.不必写标题。[评分标准]内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。[参考范文1]5\nToday,moreandmoreEnglishwordsfindtheirwayintotheChineselanguage.EventheDictionaryofContemporaryChineseincludes239Englishwords.Somepeoplesupportitwhileothersdonot.[参考范文2]WithEnglishwordsgettingpopularinbothmediaanddailylife,aChinesedictionaryhasincluded239ofthem,leavingthepublicdividedintotwoopposinggroups:“For”and“Against.”能力提升练1阅读下面的短文，然后以约30个词概括下文的主要内容。(2022·江苏张家港市模拟)JohnwastravelingbyshiptoEuropewhenaterriblestormcame.Agreatleakwasfillingtheshipwithwater.Nomatterhowhardthesailorsandpassengersworkedatthepumps,thewaterwasstillrising.Theshipwassinkingfast.Thereseemedtobenohope.Butthecaptaintoldthemnottogiveuphope.Hesaidthattherewashopesolongastheshipremainedabovewater.Hepromisedthatiftheydidn’tgiveuphope,hewouldlandthemsafely.Thecaptain’spowerfulwillmovedthemall.Intheendhedidlandthemsafely.Aftertheylanded,Johnfoundthecaptaintoshowhisappreciation.Buttohissurprise,thecaptainsaidtohimthathewastheboyof30yearsagowhoboughtageographybookinhisbookstore.Johnsuddenlythoughtoftheboy.Atthattimetheboydidn’thaveenoughmoney,buthehadgonefromshoptoshopandbelievedhecouldgetwhathewanted.Finally,hemadeit.Now,itwasthesamewillpowerofhimthatsavedthelivesofallthepassengers.[参考范文]Inthestory,acaptainalwaysinsistedondoingsomething,evenwhenhewasalittleboy.Inonevoyage,itwasjusthiswillpowerthatmadehimsaveallthepassengers’lives.能力提升练2阅读下面短文，然后以约30个词概括下文的主要内容。(2022·江苏盐城阜宁一中学情调研)StudentsinChinaspendalotoftimelearningEnglish.Butmostofthemcannotuseittocommunicate.Someexpertsthinkthereason5\nliesinthetestingsystem,becausethecurrentEnglishtestingsysteminChinaputstoomuchpressureonstudentstogethighmarksandpaynoattentiontothedevelopmentoftheiroverall(全面的)languageabilities.Consideringthis,recentlymanyexpertsarecallingforreforms(改革)oftheEnglishlanguagetestingsystemtomakeitmoreeffectivelytodevelopactuallanguageabilities.TheysaychangesarenecessaryforthedevelopmentofthenationalEnglisheducationsystem.[参考范文]Recently,thetopicofwhetherEnglishtestsystemshouldbechangedhascausedaheateddiscussion.Manypeoplethinkthecurrenttestingsystempreventsstudentsfromdevelopingoveralllanguageabilitiesandthereforeargueforareform.能力提升练3阅读下面短文，然后以约30个词概括下文的主要内容。(2022·江苏盐城市高三联考)ChenYifan,thestudentfromalocalseniorhighschool,hitaBMWcarparkingalongthestreetwhenhewaspassingbyonabicycleonFebruary4,leavingtherearviewmirrorbrokenandseveralscratchesoverthebodyofthecar.Chenleftaletterofapologytothecarowner,togetherwithanenvelopeof311yuanhehadearnedfrompart-timejobsduringthewinterholiday.Heputthemattheinsideofadoorhandle.ThecarownersurnamedXuefoundtheletterandcashthenextdayandgotsotouchedbyChen’shonesty.WiththehelpoflocalpoliceXuelocatedthestudentonFebruary10inthehopeofreturningthemoney.HetoldthepolicethathealsowantstofundChen’seducationifthefamilycannotaffordit.OnFebruary11,Chen’smother,afterknowingwhathersonhaddone,voluntarilycontactedXuetryingtocompensatefortherepairof13，000yuan.ButXueturnedherdownfirmly.Thenextday,Xue’sdaughtervisitedChen’sfamilywithagrantof10，000yuanforhiseducation.[参考范文]ChenYifanandhismomdecidedtopayalltheycouldaffordforcompensationafter5\nChenaccidentallybumpedintoaparkedBMW.Movedbyhisdeed,thecarownerdeclinedandofferedtosponsorChen’seducation.5
