阅读理解提升练(五) 主旨大意题A(2022·6浙江)BenjaminWest,thefatherofAmericanpainting,showedhistalentforartwhenhewasonlysixyearsofage.Buthedidnotknowaboutbrushesbeforeavisitortoldhimheneededone.Inthosedays,abrushwasmadefromcamel’shair.Therewerenocamelsnearby.Benjamindecidedthatcathairwouldworkinstead.Hecutsomefurfromthefamilycattomakeabrush.Thebrushdidnotlastlong.SoonBenjaminneededmorefur.Beforelong,thecatbegantolookragged(蓬乱).Hisfathersaidthatthecatmustbesick.Benjaminwasforcedtoadmitwhathehadbeendoing.Thecat’slotwasabouttoimprove.Thatyear,oneofBenjamin’scousins,Mr.Pennington,cametovisit.HewasimpressedwithBenjamin’sdrawings.Whenhewenthome,hesentBenjaminaboxofpaintandsomebrushes.Healsosentsixengravings(版画)byanartist.ThesewerethefirstpicturesandfirstrealpaintandbrushesBenjaminhadeverseen. In1747,whenBenjaminwasnineyearsold,Mr.Penningtonreturnedforanothervisit.HewasamazedatwhatBenjaminhaddonewithhisgift.HeaskedBenjamin’sparentsifhemighttaketheboybacktoPhiladelphiaforavisit.Inthecity,Mr.PenningtongaveBenjaminmaterialsforcreatingoilpaintings.Theboybeganalandscape(风景)painting.WilliamWilliams,awell-knownpainter,cametoseehimwork.WilliamswasimpressedwithBenjaminandgavehimtwoclassicbooksonpaintingtotakehome.Thebookswerelonganddull.Benjamincouldreadonlyalittle,havingbeenapoorstudent.Buthelatersaid,“Thosetwobooksweremycompanionsbyday,andundermypillowatnight.”Whileitislikelythatheunderstoodverylittleofthebooks,theywerehisintroductiontoclassicalpaintings.Thenine-year-oldboydecidedthenthathewouldbeanartist.1.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Benjamin’svisittoPhiladelphia.B.Williams’influenceonBenjamin.C.ThebeginningofBenjamin’slifeasanartist.D.ThefriendshipbetweenBenjaminandPennington.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph3suggest?A.Thecatwouldbecloselywatched.B.Thecatwouldgetsomemedicalcare.C.Benjaminwouldleavehishomeshortly.D.Benjaminwouldhaverealbrushessoon.5\n3.WhatdidPenningtondotohelpBenjamindevelophistalent?A.Hetookhimtoseepaintingexhibitions.B.Heprovidedhimwithpaintingmaterials.C.HesenthimtoaschoolinPhiladelphia.D.Hetaughthimhowtomakeengravings.4.Williams’twobookshelpedBenjaminto . A.mastertheuseofpaintsB.appreciatelandscapepaintingsC.gettoknowotherpaintersD.makeuphismindtobeapainter〚导学号44994012〛B(2022·11浙江)It’ssurprisinghowmuchsimplemovementofthebodycanaffectthewaywethink.Usingexpansivegestureswithopenarmsmakesusfeelmorepowerful,crossingyourarmsmakesyoumoredeterminedandlyingdowncanbringmoreinsights(领悟).Soifmovingthebodycanhavetheseeffects,whatabouttheclotheswewear?We’reallwellawareofhowdressingupindifferentwayscanmakeusfeelmoreattractive,sportyorprofessional,dependingontheclotheswewear,butcantheclothesactuallychangecognitive(认知的)performanceorisitjustafeeling?AdamandGalinskytestedtheeffectofsimplywearingawhitelabcoatonpeople’spowersofattention.Theideaisthatwhitecoatsareassociatedwithscientists,whoareinturnthoughttohavecloseattentiontodetail.Whattheyfoundwasthatpeoplewearingwhitecoatsperformedbetterthanthosewhoweren’t.Indeed,theymadeonlyhalfasmanyerrorsasthosewearingtheirownclothesontheStroopTest(onewayofmeasuringattention).Theresearcherscalltheeffect“enclothedcognition,”suggestingthatallmannerofdifferentclothesprobablyaffectourcognitioninmanydifferentways.Thisopensthewayforallsortsofclothes-basedexperiments.Isthewriterwhowearsafedoramorecreative?Isthepsychologistwearinglittleroundglassesandsmokingacigarmoreinsightful?Doesachef’shatmaketherestaurantfoodtastebetter?FromnowonIwillonlybeeditingarticlesforPsyBlogwhilewearingawhitecoattohelpkeepthetypingerrorcountlow.HopefullyyouwillbedoingyourpartbyreadingPsyBloginacapandgown(学位服).5.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Bodymovementschangethewaypeoplethink.5\nB.Howpeopledresshasaninfluenceontheirfeelings.C.Whatpeoplewearcanaffecttheircognitiveperformance.D.Peopledoingdifferentjobsshouldweardifferentclothes.6.AdamandGalinsky’sexperimenttestedtheeffectofclothesontheirwearers’ . A.insights B.movementsC.attention D.appearance7.Howdoestheauthorsoundinthelastparagraph?A.Academic.B.Humorous.C.Formal. D.Hopeful.〚导学号44994013〛C(2022·浙江杭州七校联考)Doyoufeellucky?Youprobablydon’t.Youmaythinkyou’vegotwhereyouaretodaythroughwillpowerandhardwork.Wetendtooverlookluck’srole,andthisseemstogetworsethericherweget;surveysshowthatthewealthiestareleastlikelytoowetheirfortunestogoodfortune.Manysuchpeopleopposetaxation(税收)andgovernmentspending:whyshouldothersgetahandout(救济品)iftheydon’tneedone?Moreoftenthannot,theyvoteagainsttheverypoliciesthathelpedthemgetluckytobeginwith.InarecentAtlanticessay,RobertFrank,aneconomistwhohasstudiedattitudestochance,quoted(引用)EBWhite:“Luckisnotsomethingyoucanmentioninthepresenceofself-mademen.” However,ifweseethisjustasaproblemofthesuper-richpeople,wemaylettherestofusofftooeasily.Anyonelivinginahighlydevelopedeconomyin2022isalreadytheonewhobenefitsfromluck—forexample,notlivinginthemodern-dayCentralAfricanRepublic,wherefewpeoplecanlivealonglife.Infact,weareluckytohavebeenbornhuman.Youmighthavebeenabatteryhen,oramayflywithonlyonedaytolive.Ourblindnesstosuchtruthsisn’tonlybecausewe’reself-absorbedbutalsoweattachmoresignificancetothingsthatareeasiertocalltomind.It’snothardtorecallcountlesstimeswhenyouputintheefforttosucceed:strugglingthroughuniversityfinals,preparingforjobinterviews,toleratingalong-distancetraveltowork.Ontheotherhand,it’sratherdifficulttorealizeyou’reprivileged—likenotbeingborninawarzone,orbeforeantibiotics(抗生素),andsoforth.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph1mean?A.Self-mademendon’tliketobetalkedabout.B.Successfulpeopleowetheirachievementstoluck.5\nC.Successfulpeopletendtooverlooktheroleofluck.D.Self-mademenaremorelikelytoshowofftheirfortune.9.Accordingtotheauthor,youarefortunateifyouarenot . A.strugglingthroughuniversityfinalsB.preparingforinterviewsC.toleratingalongdistancetravelD.livinginawarzone10.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A.LuckIsaBlessingB.WeAreLuckyC.HowtoBeLuckyD.WhoIsLucky〚导学号44994014〛参考答案阅读理解提升练(五) 主旨大意题A【语篇导读】本杰明·韦斯特从六岁时就表现出了绘画的天分。没有画刷,他就从猫身上割下毛发自制画刷。他的表兄被他的画作所吸引,给他寄来了画刷和颜料,这是他第一次使用画刷和颜料绘制作品。当本杰明九岁的时候,他的表兄带他去了费城,给了他绘制油画的材料。大艺术家威廉·威廉姆斯被本杰明的画作所吸引,给了他两本古典绘画图书,这两本书成了他古典绘画的启蒙老师,促使他立志成为一名艺术家。1.C 主旨大意题。本文介绍了本杰明·韦斯特在六岁到九岁时对绘画的热爱,他所面临的问题以及大艺术家威廉·威廉姆斯对他的影响及帮助,引导着他走上了艺术家的道路。故选C项。2.D 句意猜测题。画线句是第三段的段首,其作用应是引出本段的内容。由上文可知,本杰明没有画刷就从猫身上割毛制作画刷。画线句后面的意思是,本杰明的表兄给他带来了画刷和颜料。故画线句子的意思应该是与本杰明需要画刷有关,故选D项。3.B 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“...hesentBenjaminaboxofpaintandsomebrushes.”以及最后一段中的“Inthecity,Mr.PenningtongaveBenjaminmaterialsforcreatingoilpaintings.”可知,表兄给本杰明提供了画刷等绘画材料来帮助他学习绘画,故选B项。4.D 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“...theywerehisintroductiontoclassicalpaintings.Thenine-year-oldboydecidedthenthathewouldbeanartist.”可知,这两本书对他的影响更多的是在精神方面,而不是知识方面,这两本书坚定了他的梦想,引导着这个九岁的男孩走上了绘画的道路。故选D项。B5\n【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。着装影响人的认知表现。Adam和Galinsky做了一个关于人们穿着白大褂对于注意力影响的实验。实验表明,穿白大褂的人表现更为出色,他们的错误率是那些穿自己普通衣服的人的一半。5.C 主旨大意题。根据第二段“...butcantheclothesactuallychangecognitive(认知的)performanceorisitjustafeeling?”及下文所做的实验可知,本文主要讲述着装对人的认知的影响。6.C 细节理解题。根据第三段“AdamandGalinskytestedtheeffectofsimplywearingawhitelabcoatonpeople’spowersofattention.”及第四段“Indeed,...ontheStroopTest(onewayofmeasuringattention).”可知,Adam和Galinsky的实验是测试着装对人们注意力的影响。7.B 推理判断题。文章讲述的是着装影响人的认知表现,最后一段作者说自己以后要穿白大褂上班编辑文章,以减少打字错误。他希望读者也能穿上学位服阅读PsyBlog的文章。由此可推断出作者是用一种幽默的语气调侃着装认知理论。C【语篇导读】很多成功人士会把自己的成功归功于毅力和付出,而往往忽视运气的成分,而事实上,我们每个人都是很幸运的。8.C 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Youmaythinkyou’vegotwhereyouaretodaythroughwillpowerandhardwork.Wetendtooverlookluck’srole,andthisseemstogetworsethericherweget;surveysshowthatthewealthiestareleastlikelytoowetheirfortunestogoodfortune.”可知,很多成功人士会把自己的成功归功于毅力和付出,而往往忽视运气的成分。故选C项。9.D 细节理解题。根据最后一段可知,如果出生在了战乱地区,这是很难改变的状况。所以,这是很不幸的。因而,如果你没有出生在战乱地区,你就是很幸运的了。故选D项。10.B 主旨大意题。很多成功人士会把自己的成功归功于毅力和付出,而往往忽视运气的成分,而事实上,我们每个人还是很幸运的。故选B项。5
