专题检测卷(二十三)阅读理解 第一节(建议用时:25分钟)A(2022·日照模拟)体裁科普文题材地球变暖词数381MoveEarth—It’sNotScienceFictionLONDON—Scientistshavefoundanunusualwaytopreventourplanetfromoverheating:moveittoacoolerspot.Allyouhavetodoissendafewcomets(彗星)inthedirectionofEarth,anditsorbitwillbechanged.Ourworldwillthenbesentspinningintoasafer,colderpartofthesolarsystem.ThisideaforimprovingourclimatecomesfromagroupofUSNationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration(NASA)engineersandAmericanastronomers.Theysaytheirplancouldaddanothersixbillionyearstotheusefullifetimeofourplanet—effectivelydoublingitsworkinglife.TheplanputforwardbyDr.Laughlin,andhiscolleaguesDonKorycanskyandFredAdams,needscarefullydirectingacometorasteroidsothatitpassesclosebyourplanetandsendssomeofitsgravitationalenergytoEarth.“Earth’sorbitalspeedwouldincreaseasaresultandwewouldmovetoahigherorbitawayfromtheSun,”Laughlinsaid.EngineerswouldthendirecttheircometsothatitpassedclosetoJupiterorSaturn.Thecometwouldpickupenergyfromoneofthesegiantplanets.LateritsorbitwouldbringitbacktoEarth,andtheprocesswouldberepeated.Intheshortterm,theplanprovidesanidealwaytoglobalwarming,althoughtheteamwasactuallyconcernedwithamuchgreaterdanger.TheSuniscertaintoheatupinaboutabillionyearsandso“seriouslycompromise”ourbiosphere(生物圈)—bycookingus.That’swhythegroupdecidedtotrytosaveEarth.Theplanhasoneortwoworryingaspects,however.Forastart,spaceengineerswouldhavetobeverycarefulabouthowtheydirectedtheirasteroidorcomettowardsEarth.Thesmallestmiscalculation(误算)inorbitcouldfireitstraightatEarth—withdeadlyconsequences.ThereisalsothequestionoftheMoon.AsthecurrentissueofScientificAmericanmagazinepointsout,ifEarthwaspushedoutofitscurrentposition,itis“mostlikelytheMoonwouldbestrippedawayfromEarth”.Thiswouldgreatlychangeourplanet’sclimate.1.WhatmakesthescientistsplantomoveEarth?A.AfewcometsaremovingtothedirectionofEarth.B.Earth’sworkinglifeiscomingtoanendsoon.C.Earthwillbecometoohotformankindtokeepalive.D.ThemoonismovingfartherandfartherawayfromEarth.2.Iftheplanissuccessful,Earthwillhaveaworkinglifeof years.A.12billion B.6billionC.18billionD.24billion3.Whatseriousproblemsmighttheplancauseaccordingtothepassage?A.ThecometmighthitEarthandmanmightlosetheMoon.-5-\nB.Earthmightbemovedtoofarawayandmanmightbefrozentodeath.C.ThecometmighthitJupiterorSaturnandneverreturntoEarth.D.Earth’sworkinglifemightbegreatlyshortened.4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“compromise”mean?A.Provide.B.Benefit.C.Share.D.Endanger.B(2022·扬州模拟)体裁记叙文题材梅西介绍词数378EverytimeLionelMessibreaksarecord,itseemsappropriatetocomparehimtothelegendsthatcamebeforehim.In2022,herewrotesoccerhistoryonmultipleoccasions,andhislatestrecordcamewhenhescoredhis86thgoalofthecalendaryear,breakingGerdMuller’spreviousmark,beforewrappinguptheyearwith91goals.AllstatisticsindicatethatMessiiscurrentlythebestplayerintheworld,andthathewillgodowninhistoryasthetopfootballerofhisgeneration.Butwhenheisjudgedagainstall-timegreatslikePeleandDiegoMaradona,hestillhasworktodo.Wedon’tknowwhethertheBarcelonastrikerwillhaveanotheryearinwhichherecordsmorethan90goals,buthemuststillsustain(维持)asimilarlevelofproductionforthenextseveralseasons.MessihasalreadytakenpartinthreeofBarcelona’svictoriousChampionsLeague(冠军联赛)campaigns,andheplayedanimportantroleintwoofthem.Inordertofirmlyestablishhimselfasthegreatestclubfootballplayerinhistory,hemustwinthetournamentafewmoretimes.Mostimportantly,theArgentine(阿根廷人)needstowinontheinternationalstage.RegardlessofwhatMessidoesforBarcelona,hislegacywillbeincompleteifhecannotwintheWorldCupwithArgentina.BothPeleandMaradonaledtheircountriestothetopofinternationalsoccerduringtheircareers,andMessi’sperformancesforhiscountryhavebeenseverelydisappointing.Whilehewasstillateenagerin2022-andhislackluster(平淡的)showingisexcusableduetohisyouth—hecannotbrushoffthedisappointmentthatcharacterizedArgentina’sperformancein2022.Butthe4-0losstoGermanyinthe2022WorldCupQuarterFinalseemstohavesparkedMessi.Hescored12timesforArgentinalastyear,andthenextWorldCupcouldfinallybeMessi’sbreakoutperformanceinblueandwhitestripes.Duetoallofhisaccomplishments,itiseasytoforgetthattheextraordinaryfootballerisjust25yearsold.Ifhecanavoidinjuryorlengthyslumps(低潮状态)untilhisspeedandskillsstarttodeclineduetoage,hemaycontinuetobreakrecordsandwintrophies.5.WhatwillMessihavetodoinordertobecompleteinhissoccercareer?A.HemustwintheWorldCupwithArgentina.B.Hemustwinthetournamentafewmoretimes.C.HemustdefeatPeleandMaradona.D.Hemustavoidinjuryorlengthyslumps.6.HowwasMessi’sperformancein2022WorldCup?A.Excellent.B.Inspiring.C.Disappointing.D.Normal.7.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Messihasfirmlyestablishedhimselfasthegreatestclubsoccerplayerinhistory.B.MessiwilltryhisbesttowinthenextWorldCupwithArgentina.-5-\nC.Messicanavoidinjuryandlengthyslumpstobreakrecordsandwintrophies.D.PeleandMaradonaledtheircountriestothetopofinternationalsoccerduringtheircareers.8.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.LionelMessi,theBestSoccerPlayerofAllTimeB.LionelMessi,theGreatestSoccerPlayerinHistoryC.BarcelonaandLionelMessiD.WorldCupandLionelMessiC(2022·南京模拟)体裁说明文题材旅游指南词数326NOmatterwhichtouristdestinationyouvisit,chancesareyou’llseeLonelyPlanetguidebooksinthehandsoftravelers.LonelyPlanetisoneoftheworld’slargesttravelguidebrands,publishingmorethan500differentguidesineightlanguages.Thisyearmarksthecompany’s40thanniversary.Thepopularbrandalsoproducestelevisionshows,websitesandpodcasts,alldedicatedtotravel.SomepeoplepraiseLonelyPlanetbooksbecausetheymaketravelingeasyandaffordable.Theysaveyoutimeandkeepyoufrommissingtheverybestthingsinaplace.Andofcourse,theirreviewsofhostels,hotelsandrestaurants,inadditiontoticketinformationaboutyourdestination,areuseful.Thiscanbegreatifyou’reanervoustraveler,orifyouhaven’ttraveledbyyourselfbefore.Ifyou’reinacountrywhereyoudon’tspeakthelanguage,sometimesthere’snothingbetterthangettingintoataxiandopeningupaguidebook.Yousimplypointtoamap,directingthetaxidrivertoahostelthat’scheapandclean,withfriendlystaffandcoldbeer.ButotherscriticizeLonelyPlanetandothertravelguidepublishers.Theysayguidebookstakethefunandspontaneity(自发性)outoftraveling,andthatpartoftheenjoymentoftravelcomesfromthefactthatanythingcanhappen.Theyalsolament(哀叹)thatifyoufollowaguidebook,you’llendupdoingthesamethingsandhavingthesameexperiencesaseveryoneelse.Youmightendupseeingthesamegroupofpeopleoverandover,becauseeveryoneisreadingthesamebookandfollowingthesametrail.Anothercriticismoftravelguidesisthattheyhaveanoverly(过度的)largeinfluenceonlocalcommunities.Forexample,somelocalsdedicatetheirlivessolely(仅仅)tobehavinginwaysthatattracttourists.Theyfakeatraditionallifestyle,weartraditionalclothesandliveintraditionalhousesjusttoattracttourists’dollars.9.TheLonelyPlanetguidebookcanbringyouthefollowingadvantagesEXCEPTthat .A.itcanhelpyoutosavetimeandmoneywhentravelingB.youwillnotmissthebestthingswithouthavingtomakechoicesC.itprovidesalotofusefulinformationaboutyourdestinationD.youcaneasilyfindaniceplacetostayinastrangecity10.WhowillfindaLonelyPlanetguidebookveryuseful?A.Someonewhoalwaystakesataxiwhentraveling.B.Atouristwholikestorepeatothers’experiences.C.Apersonwho’snervoustouringanunfamiliarplace.D.Anativetravelerwhoistravelingalone.11.Peoplecriticizetheguidebookbecause .-5-\nA.theguidebookisnotasusefulasmosttravelersexpectB.travelersusingitwillbeboredwithmeetingthesamepeopleontheirjourneyC.travelersusingitmaynotgetthechancetohaveunexpectedadventuresD.localpeoplekeeptheiroldlifestyleundertheguidebook’sinfluence12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“fake”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A.mistakeB.learnC.pretendD.create13.Whatdoweknowaboutthe“TheLonelyPlanetguidebook”fromthetext?A.Itisaworld-famousbrandthatonlyproducesguidebooksfortravelers.B.Itispopulararoundtheworldprovidingtravelerswithguidanceinseverallanguages.C.Itinfluencesmanytravelers’travelingexperiencesbutisofnousetolocalpeople.D.Thewriterlovesitverymuchbecauseoftheconvenienceitbringstotravelers.答案解析【文章大意】科学家们找到了一种非同寻常的阻止地球过热的方法。1.【解析】选C。细节理解题。文章首句说科学家们找到了一种非同寻常的办法防止地球过热,第六段又提供了解决地球变暖问题的理想办法,但科学家们真正关心的是更大的危险:大约十亿年以后太阳肯定会更炙热,以至于将人类化为灰烬。2.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据文章第二段末句可知答案。注意关键词语:anothersixbillionyears,doublingitsworkinglife。3.【解析】选A。细节理解题。最后两段分别指出该计划可能带来的两大恶果:一是万一轨道计算出错会使被控星体撞向地球,二是地球脱离原轨道后很可能会失去月球,从而导致气候巨变。4.【解析】选D。词义猜测题。本题可用排除法排除不符合文意的答案。句意:大约十亿年以后太阳肯定会更加炙热,从而严重损害地球的生物圈——把人类化为灰烬!【文章大意】本文介绍了足球明星梅西到目前为止在足球方面取得的成就,以及他今后要努力的方向。5.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据文章第六段“hislegacywillbeincompleteifhecannotwintheWorldCupwithArgentina”可知。6.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三段“hecannotbrushoffthedisappointmentthatcharacterizedArgentina’sperformancein2022”可知。7.【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据文章第六、七段可知。8.【解析】选A。主旨大意题。根据文章主要介绍了球星梅西的经历和成就,故选A。【文章大意】本文介绍了世界最大的旅游指南品牌之一的LonelyPlanet以及人们对它的评价。9.【解析】选B。细节理解题。文章的第三、四段讲述了人们喜爱TheLonelyPlanetguidebook的理由,A、C、D都可以找到相应的出处,只有选项B,前部分“youwillnotmissthebestthings”是正确的,但后部分“withouthavingtomakechoices”和文章相违背,guidebook列出很多东西同样要选择。10.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第四段ifyou’reanervoustraveler可以确定C正确。A和D是对第四段中有关inacountrywhereyoudon’tspeakthelanguage和乘坐taxi的误解。B项在第五段有相联系的信息,但那是人们对guidebook的批评,不属于本题(guidebook的优点)的范畴。11.【解析】选C。推理判断题。文章的第五、六段是人们对guidebook的批评,是本题的信息源。“Theysayguidebookstakethefunandspontaneityoutoftraveling,andthatpartoftheenjoymentoftravelcomesfromthefactthatanythingcanhappen.”告诉读者选项C正确。选项A是文章中没有提到的内容。“Youmightendupseeingthesamegroupofpeopleoverandover,becauseeveryoneisreadingthesamebookandfollowingthesametrail”的意图是要批评guidebook造成游客选择相同的旅游线路,造成旅游的单一和乏味,并不是真的说游客走到哪里都会遇见相同的人,选项B是对这句话的误解;在guidebook的影响下,-5-\n当地居民并不是“keep”(保持)他们的传统生活方式,而是“fake”了所谓的传统生活方式来取悦游客。12.【解析】选C。词义猜测题。从上下文可知“fake”一词具有贬义,因为此段是对guidebook的批评,所以当地人不是“learn”(学习),也不是“create”(创造)了传统生活模式,而是“weartraditionalclothesandliveintraditionalhouses”,“pretend”(假造)了一种传统生活方式来取悦游客而已。13.【解析】选B。推理判断题。从文章的第二段可知B项正确和A项错误——“onlyproducesguidebooks”。Guidebook不但影响了游客也影响了当地居民,因此C项错误。作者的态度是中立的,把正反双方的观点都客观陈述了出来,并没有表明个人立场,D项错误。-5-
