专题五 动词时态和语态常考点在高考英语中，动词的时态和语态是重中之重，试题在考查固定句式中的时态和语态的同时，注重在上下文语境中考查时态和语态。要了解几种时态的一些常规规则，答题时要研读题干，搜索出尽可能多的“时间参照信息”，尤其要注意时态的呼应情况。时态主动语态形式被动语态形式一般现在时am/is/are/do/doesam/is/aredone一般过去时was/were/didwas/weredone现在完成时has/havedonehas/havebeendone现在完成进行时has/havebeendoing/现在进行时am/is/aredoingam/is/arebeingdone过去进行时was/weredoingwas/werebeingdone过去完成时haddonehadbeendone将来完成时will/shallhavedonewill/shallhavebeendone一般将来时will/shalldoam/is/aregoingtodoam/is/arecoming/leavingam/is/aretodoam/is/areabouttodowill/shallbedoneam/is/aretobedone过去将来时woulddowasgoingtodowascoming/leavingwastodowasabouttodowouldbedonewas/weretobedone将来进行时will/shallbedoing/ 一般现在时一般现在时表示动作的经常性或真理；表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词；在条件、时间、让步状语从句中用一般现在时或现在完成时表示将来；表示预计或规定；方位副词或介词短语放在句首，主语是名词，且全部倒装时，用一般现在时表示正在发生的动作；还可使用于文学作品和文学评论中。用所给词的适当形式填空：①I'llgothereafterI________(finish)mywork.②Thewaterwillbefurtherpollutedunlesssomemeasures________(take)．③Mytrain________(leave)at6：30.④Asnow________(expect)tocomenextweek.⑤Onthewall________(hang)apicture.⑥Thiskindofcloth________(wash)well.⑦Don'ttakeitaway.It________(belong)tome.\n⑧Hesaidwater________(boil)at100℃.【答案】①finish ②aretaken ③leaves ④isexpected ⑤hangs ⑥washes ⑦belongs ⑧boils 一般过去时和现在完成时一般过去时(标志词：yesterday，justnow，lastyear，theotherday等)表示动作发生在过去，和现在毫无关系。现在完成时(标志词：since，inthepast/lastyears，just，recent(ly)，lately，sofar＝uptonow＝upuntilnow＝bynow，already，yet，several/many/...times)则强调的是对现在的影响和结果，动作到现在刚完成或还在继续。请区别下列几组句子：①HehaslivedinLondonforthreeyears.(现在还住在伦敦)HelivedinLondonforthreeyears.(现在不在伦敦了)②It'stwoyearssincehesmoked.(他不抽烟已两年了)It'stwoyearssincehebegantosmoke.(他抽烟已有两年了)③Thisisthefirst/second/...time(that)Ihave_visitedtheschool.Thiswasthefirst/second/...timeIhad_visitedtheschool.④Hewaswritingabooklastyear.(去年他在写一本书)Hewroteabooklastyear.(去年他写了一本书)⑤IthoughthewasanAmerican.(我原以为他是美国人)IthinkheisanAmerican.(我想他是美国人)用所给词的适当形式填空：①—Ihaven'tseenyouforages.Haven'tyougraduatedfromcollege?—Yes.I________(study)EnglishforfouryearsinNanjingUniversity.②Where________you________(put)mybook?Ican'tfinditanywhere.③Althoughhehaslivedwithusforyears，he________(notleave)usmuchimpression.④Mybrotherisanactor.He________(appear)inseveralfilmsinthepastfewyears.⑤—LiPinmaynotcometonight.—Buthe________(promise)．【答案】①studied ②have；put ③hasn'tleft ④hasappeared ⑤promised 过去完成时和将来完成时过去完成时表示一件事情发生在过去，而另一件事情先于它发生(即表示“过去的过去”)。常用的时间状语有：bythen，bythattime，bytheendof，before2000，bythetime，hardly/scarcely/rarely...when...和nosooner...than...[注]表示原打算做但未做的几种表达：①Ihadhoped/expected/meant/intended/...todo...，but...＝Ihoped/expected/...tohavedone...，but...\n＝Iwouldlike/lovetohavedone...，but...＝Iwastohavedone...，but...＝Iwasgoingtodo...，but...＝Iwouldhavedone...，but...②Iwascoming/leaving/arriving/...,but...将来完成时表示到将来某一时间，某一动作将会完成，常用的时间状语为“by＋将来的某个时间”。如：Theywillhavecompletedtheprojectbytheendofnextyear.用所给词的适当形式填空：①Helen________(leave)herkeysintheofficesoshehadtowaituntilherhusband________(come)home.②I________(hope)tomeetMr.Thompsonthismorning，butIfoundnobodyleftintheroom.③Bythetimehe________(return)home，theworkhadbeenfinished.Bythetimehereturnshome，thework____________(finish)．④WeplantoreachtheNorthPoleinmid－July，andbythenwe____________(walk)forsixweeks.【答案】①hadleft；came ②hadhoped ③returned;willhavebeenfinished ④willhavewalked 现在进行时，过去进行时，现在完成进行时和将来进行时现在进行时表示现在正在进行的情况，计划、安排要做的事，还可以表示反复出现的动作，往往含有赞赏、厌恶、遗憾等情绪，常与always，continually，constantly连用；过去进行时表示过去某一刻或一段时间内正在进行的动作，还可以表示过去的将来动作；现在完成进行时表示动作的未完成性和暂时性，还可以表示感情色彩；将来进行时表示将来某个时候或某段时间正在进行的动作。用所给词的适当形式填空：①—Haveyoumovedintothenewhouse?—Notyet.Therooms____________(paint)．②Myfather________(fall)whilehe________(ride)hisbicycleand________(hurt)himself.③—Whyarehereyesred?—She____________(cry)．④He____________(fly)overtheAtlanticatthistimetomorrow.⑤You________always________(watch)TV.Whynotdosomethingmoreactive?⑥—Didyoufindthemissingcoupleinthemountainyesterday?—No，butwe________(try)togetintouchwiththemeversince.【答案】①arebeingpainted ②fell；wasriding；hurt ③hasbeencrying ④willbeflying ⑤are；watching ⑥havebeentrying\n 一般将来时注意区别willdo，begoingtodo，beabouttodo，bedoing，betodo：①willdo表示事物的固有属性或必然趋势，此外，还表示临时决定；②begoingtodo表示计划、打算要做某事，还表示根据现在的迹象，对未来进行推断；③beabouttodo表示立即的将来，因此，不与表示将来的具体时间状语连用；④有些动词如come，go，arrive，leave，begin等，其一般现在时、现在进行时亦可表示按计划或安排将来要发生的动作或状态；⑤betodo表示按计划或安排要做的事，意为“应该；想，打算；注定会”。用所给词的适当形式填空：①Ladiesandgentlemen，pleasefastenyoursafetybelt.Theplane________(take)off.②Lookatthetimetable.Flight4026________(take)offat18：20.③Ifyou____________(succeed)，youshouldworkhard.④Lookatthedarkclouds.It____________(rain)．⑤—Thelightisstillon.—Sorry.I________(go)andturnitoff.【答案】①istaking ②takes ③aretosucceed ④isgoingtorain ⑤willgo get＋过去分词“get＋过去分词”可以表示被动，此结构比较口语化。用所给词的适当形式填空：①Thepatient________(treat)onceaweek.②Hefelloffthebuildingand________(kill)．【答案】①getstreated/istreated ②gotkilled/waskilled 主动形式表示被动意义需用主动形式表示被动意义的情况：①当系动词feel，look，smell，taste，sound，prove，remain，stay等后面接形容词时；②当cut，read，sell，wear，write等词有状语easily，well等修饰时；③measure，weigh，addupto后接数字时；④在“be＋形容词＋todo”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动形式表示被动意义。如：Theproblemiseasytosolve.⑤need，want，require，deserve后接动名词主动形式，相当于tobedone。如：Thewatchneedsrepairing.\nHedeservespraising.⑥beworth后接动名词主动形式表示被动意义。如：Thebookiswellworthbuying.⑦固定短语betoblame，betolet。①Thewater________coolwhenIjumpedintothepoolformorningexercise.A.wasfeltB.wastofeelC.feltD.wastobefelt②Ifeelitisyourhusbandwho________forthespoiledchild.A.istoblameB.isgoingtoblameC.istobeblamedD.shouldblame③Doctorsandmedicalsupplies________tothesceneoftheaccidentsoonafterthecoalmineexplosion.A.hadrushedB.wererushedC.wererushingD.rushed④Themomentthe28thOlympicGames________open，thewholeworldcheered.A.declaredB.havebeendeclaredC.havedeclaredD.weredeclared⑤—Whydidyouleavethatposition?—I________abetterpositionatIBM.A.offerB.offeredC.amofferedD.wasoffered⑥—Howaretheteamplaying?—Theyareplayingwell，butoneofthem________hurt.A.gotB.getsC.wereD.is⑦IwanttobuythatkindofclothbecauseI________thecloth________well.A.havetold；washesB.havebeentold；washesC.wastold；waswashedD.havebeentold；iswashed【答案】①C ②A ③B ④D ⑤D ⑥A ⑦B 感官动词和使役动词的被动语态感官动词和使役动词的宾补是动词原形，改成被动语态时要加to。\n将下列句子改为被动语态：①Isawhimfalldown.Hewasseen____________．②Imadehimwashthedishes.Hewasmade____________．【答案】①tofalldown ②towashthedishes “据说/据报道/……”的表达Somebodyis(was)said/reported/believed/thought/knownto...意为“据说/据报道/大家认为/众所周之/人们认为……”。此时，动词不定式有三种形式，即todo,tobedoing和tohavedone。到底用哪种形式，可用下面的方法来辨别：把不定式的动作发生的时间和谓语的动作发生的时间相比较：动词不定式动作先于谓语动作发生：用tohavedone；动词不定式动作与谓语动作同时发生：用tobedoing；动词不定式动作发生在谓语动作之后或同为经常性：用todo。①Thebankisreportedinthelocalnewspaper________inbroaddaylightyesterday.A.beingrobbedB.havingbeenrobbedC.tohavebeenrobbedD.robbed②WangMingissaid________abroad,butIamnotsurewhichcountryitwas.A.tostudyB.tohavestudiedC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudying③Lindaisthought________inAfrica,butIreallydon'tknowwhatcountryshe'sworkingin.A.tohaveworkedB.toworkC.tobeworkingD.working【答案】①C ②B ③C 不用被动语态的动词或动词短语appear，disappear，occur，benefit，end，begin，happen，last，spread，breakout，takeplace，belongto，comeabout，sufferfrom等。用所给词的适当形式填空：①Theplacecaughtfirethreetimesinthelastcentury,andlittleoftheoriginalbuilding____________(remain)now.②Themedicine____________(prove)vitalforreducingfeverandhelpingstoppain.【答案】①remains ②hasproved\n1.(2014·湖南卷)Wheneveryou________apresent,youshouldthinkaboutitfromthereceiver'spointofview.A.boughtB.haveboughtC.willbuyD.buy2.(2014·江西卷)—Tony,whyareyoureyesred?—I________uppeppersforthelastfiveminutes.A.cutB.wascuttingC.hadcutD.havebeencutting3.(2014·江苏卷)—HowmuchdoyouknowabouttheYouthOlympicGamestobeheldinNanjing?—Well,themedia________itinavarietyofforms.A.coverB.willcoverC.havecoveredD.covered4.(2014·重庆卷)Jameshasjustarrived,butIdidn'tknowhe________untilyesterday.A.willcomeB.wascomingC.hadcomeD.came5.(2014·重庆卷)You'dbetterwritedownherphonenumberbeforeyou________it.A.forgetB.areforgettingC.forgotD.willforget6.(2013·浙江卷)Duringthelastthreedecades，thenumberofpeopleparticipatinginphysicalfitnessprogrammes________sharply.A.wasincreasingB.hasincreasedC.hadincreasedD.willbeincreasing7.(2013·江苏卷)—CouldIuseyourcartomorrowmorning?—Sure.I________areportathome.A.willbewritingB.willhavewrittenC.havewrittenD.havebeenwriting8.(2013·山东卷)Ididn'tthinkI'dlikethemovie，butactuallyit________prettygood.A.hasbeenB.wasC.hadbeenD.wouldbe9.(2013·江西卷)I________tovisityoulaterthatday，butIhadtophoneandcancel.A.comeB.came\nC.amcomingD.wascoming10.(2012·江苏卷)ThemanagerissaidtohavearrivedbackfromPariswherehe________someEuropeanbusinesspartners.A.wouldmeetB.ismeetingC.meetsD.hadmet【答案】1.D 2.D 3.C 4.B 5.A 6.B 7.A 8.B9.D 10.D1.Unfortunately，whenIgottoherflat，she________，sowehadonlytimeforafewwords.A.justleftB.hadjustleftC.hasjustleftD.wasjustleaving2.Kate________onhernewnovel，whichissupposedtocomeoutnextmonth.A.hasbeenworkingB.hadworkedC.willbeworkingD.wasworking3.Profitsinhiscompanywentupby25%lastyear，and________sofarthisyearthoughthefinancialsituationisbad.A.haven'tdecreasedB.didn'tdecreaseC.haven'tbeendecreasedD.weren'tdecreased4.—Jeff，youlooksoexcitedtoday.—SureIam，I________agoodjobinabigcompany，youknow.A.offeredB.willofferC.havebeenofferedD.wasoffered5.—Areyouabouttohavedinner?—Yes，it________inthedining－room.A.isservingB.servesC.isbeingservedD.isserved6.—Iranintothebackofatruckyesterdayanddamagedmycarbadly.—Isupposeyou________toofast.A.haddrivenB.droveC.havedrivenD.weredriving7.Ifacomputercrashes，youwilllosethefileyou________onifyoudon'tsaveitearlyenough.A.areworkingB.workC.willworkD.worked\n8.Idon'tunderstandwhyyou________yourmindconstantly！Wehaven'tbeenabletodecidewheretospendourholiday，youknow?A.changeB.willchangeC.arechangingD.havechanged9.—Ringmeat5：00a．m.?Nobetternotsoearly！I________．—Igotit.A.willsleepB.sleepC.amsleepingD.willbesleeping10.—I'llcometoseeyourperformanceat9：00tomorrowevening.—I'msorry，butbythenmyperformance________andI________reportersinthemeetingroom.A.willend；willmeetB.willhaveended；willbemeetingC.willbeended；amgoingtomeetD.istoend；willmeet11.MissLi________asasecretaryforfiveyearsinthecompany，andnowsheisgeneralmanagerofit.A.servesB.servedC.hadservedD.hasserved12.—Weallhadalotoffunatthebarbecueyesterday.Pityyouweren'tthere.—IreallyshouldhavegonewithyoubutI________onsomeremainingproblems.A.wasworkingB.wouldworkC.workedD.wouldhaveworked13.—Listen，someoneisknockingatthedoor.—Yes.________answerit.A.IwasgoingtoB.I'llC.IplantoD.Iamto14.—Isn'titamazingthatImetFrancisattheChristmasparty?—Really？Forhowmanyyears________eachother?A.didn'tyouseeB.haven'tyouseenC.hadn'tyouseenD.don'tyousee15.I________tohelpyoutodohomeworkbutIcouldn'tspareanytime.I________acompositionlastnightandI'llfinishittoday.A.wanted；wroteB.hadwanted；waswritingC.havewanted；wrote\nD.wanted；havebeenwriting16.Nowtheworld'sattention________thestockingmarkets，astheyhavegreatinfluenceontheworld'seconomy.A.isfixingonB.isbeingfixedonC.hadbeenfixedonD.hasfixedon17.—Ithoughtyouweregoingtoseeyoursisterlastweekend.—I________，butatthelastminuteshecalledmetosaythatshehadtodealwithsomethingurgent.A.wastohaveB.wasgoingtohaveC.wouldliketoD.would18.Inthisexperiment，theyarewokenupseveraltimesduringthenight，andaskedtoreportwhatthey________．A.hadjustbeendreamingB.arejustdreamingC.havejustbeendreamingD.hadjustdreamt19.—Canyougivemetherightanswer?—Sorry，I________．Wouldyourepeatthatquestion?A.hadn'tlistenedB.haven'tlistenedC.don'tlistenD.wasn'tlistening20.Itiscertainthatyouwereinagreathurry;you________yourjacketinsideout.A.woreB.hadwornC.werewearingD.arewearing21.Foodsuppliesintheflood－strickenarea________.Wemustactimmediatelybeforethere'sleft.A.haverunoutB.arerunningoutC.havebeenrunoutD.arebeingrunout22.Iwon'ttellthestudenttheanswertothemathsproblemuntilhe________onitformorethananhour.A.willhaveworkedB.hadworkedC.hasbeenworkingD.willhavebeenworking\n23.—Jerryloveshisnewdog,doesn'the?—Yes,he________itoutforawalkeverydaysincehepickeditup.A.takesB.tookC.hastakenD.hasbeentaking24.—HaveyoubeentotheUnitedStates?—Yes,onlyonce.I________thereonlyforsevendays.A.havestayedB.wasstayingC.stayedD.hadstayed25.—I'msorry,butIdon'tquitefollowyou.DidyousayyouwantedtoreturnonSeptember20?—Sorry,I________myselfclear.WewanttoreturnonOctober20.A.hadn'tmadeB.wouldn'tmakeC.don'tmakeD.haven'tmade26.LookattheprideonTom'sface.He________tohavebeenpraisedbythemanagerjustnow.A.seemedB.seemsC.hadseemedD.isseeming27.EveryyearafloodoffarmersarriveinShenzhenforthemoney－makingjobsthey________beforeleavingtheirhometowns.A.promisedB.werepromisedC.havepromisedD.havebeenpromised28.—Haveyouheardaboutthatfireinthemarket?—Yes,fortunatelynoone________．A.hurtB.washurtC.hashurtD.hadbeenhurt29.ThediscoveryofgoldinAustralialedthousandstobelievethatafortune________．A.ismadeB.wouldmakeC.wastobemadeD.hadmade30.Mymindwasn'tonwhathewassaying,soI'mafraidI________halfofit.A.wasmissingB.hadmissedC.willmissD.missed【答案】1.D 2.A 3.A 4.C 5.C 6.D 7.A 8.C9.D 10.B 11.B 12.A 13.B 14.C 15.B 16.B17.A 18.C 19.D 20.D 21.D 22.C 23.D 24.C 25.D 26.B 27.D 28.B 29.C 30.D
