专题08家庭与社会生活【美文阅读1】EmptyNestSyndromeWhileincomeworryisarathercommonproblemoftheaged,lonelinessisanotherproblemthatagedparentsmayface.Ofallthereasonsthatexplaintheirloneliness,alargegeographicaldistancebetweenparentsandtheirchildrenisthemajorone.Thisphenomenoniscommonlyknownas“EmptyNestSyndrome”.Inordertoseekbetterchancesoutsidetheircountries,manyyoungpeoplehavegoneabroad,leavingtheirparentsbehindwithnoclearideaofwhentheywillreturnhome.Theirparentsspendcountlesslonelydaysandnights,takingcareofthemselves,inthehopethatsomedaytheirchildrenwillcomebacktostaywiththem.ThefactthatmostoftheseyoungpeoplehavegonetoEuropeanizedorAmericanizedsocietiesmakesitunlikelythattheywillholdastightlytothevalueofdutyastheywouldhaveiftheyhadnotlefttheircountries.Whateverthecase,ithasbeennotedthatthevaluestheyholddonotnecessarilymatchwhattheyactuallydo.Thisgeographicalandculturaldistancealsopreventsthegrown-upchildrenfromprovidingresponseintimefortheiragedparentslivingbythemselves.Thesituationinwhichgrown-upchildrenlivefarawayfromtheiragedparentshasbeendescribedas“distantparentphenomenon”,whichiscommonbothindevelopedcountriesandindevelopingcountries.Oursocietyhasnotyetbeenwellpreparedfor“EmptyNestSyndrome”.空巢综合征收入焦虑是老年人普遍存在的问题，而孤独则是老年父母可能面临的另一个问题。在所有解释他们孤独的原因中，父母和孩子之间的地理距离是主要原因。这种现象通常被称为“空巢综合症”。为了在国外寻求更好的机会，许多年轻人出国了，留下的父母不清楚他们什么时候回国。他们的父母花了无数孤独的日日夜夜，照顾自己，希望有一天他们的孩子会回来和他们在一起。事实上，这些年轻人中的大多数已经进入了欧洲化或美国化的社会，这使得他们不太可能像当初离开自己的国家时那样，紧紧抓住责任的价值。不管是什么情况，人们注意到，它们所持有的价值并不一定与它们实际所做的相符。这种地理和文化上的距离也阻止了成年儿童及时为他们年迈的父母独自生活作出反应。成年儿童远离父母居住的情况被称为“远亲现象”，这种现象在发达国家和发展中国家都很普遍。我们的社会还没有为“空巢综合症”做好准备。生词注解：\n1.geographical [dʒi:əˈgræfik(ə)l]a.地理(学)的2.phenomenon[fiˈnɔmənən]n.现象，迹象；非凡的人，特殊的事物3.nest[nest]n.巢，窝vi.筑巢4.syndrome[ˈsindrəum]n.综合症状；一系列表现(事件等)5.response[riˈspɔns]n.回答，答复；反应，响应词汇拓展：1.prevent…from【辨析】prevent…from,keep…from和stop…frompreventsb.fromdoingsth.防止...做什么(以预防为主)stopsb.fromdoingsth.停止...做什么(已经在做了,要停止)keepsbfromdoingsth.制止...做…（from不可以省略）protectsb.frombeing...保护...免遭…（强调“保护”）【例句】1)Theteacherwantstostopherstudentsfromjumpingonthetables.老师想阻止学生跳到桌子上去。2)Theteacherputamatonthefloortopreventstudentsfromhurtingthemselves.老师在地上铺上垫子，防止学生受伤。3)Themanagerwantstoprotecthersecretaryfrombeingfired.经理不想让她的秘书被解雇。2.provide…with【辨析】provide…with和supply…with两者均可表示“供应；供给”，指对于缺乏或不足的事物进行补充或供给。supply常与to／for或with连用，其结构是：supplysth.to／forsb.或supplysb.withsth.两者均可表示“供应；供给”，指对于缺乏或不足的事物进行补充或供给。provide常与for或with连用，其结构是：providesth.orsb.或providesb.withsth.【例句】1)Theysupplyfoodto／forthesurvivors.＝Theysupplythesurvivorswithfood.他们供应食物给幸存者。2)Heprovidesfoodandclothesforhisfamily.＝Heprovideshisfamilywithfoodandclothes.\n他给家人提供衣食。语法点拨：Thesituationinwhichgrown-upchildrenlivefarawayfromtheiragedparentshasbeendescribedas“distantparentphenomenon”,whichiscommonbothindevelopedcountriesandindevelopingcountries.【归纳】inwhichgrown-upchildrenlivefarawayfromtheiragedparents为定语从句，其先行词为situation.whichiscommonbothindevelopedcountriesandindevelopingcountries为非限制定语从句，其先行词为distantparentphenomenon.类似situation,其后定语从句引导词常用inwhich或where的还有case,stage,point等。如：Theargumenthascometoastagewherewemustsitdownandhaveaheart-to-hearttalk.我们目前应当坐下来好好谈谈了.【美文阅读2】AwaytobewithcustomersInthesummervacationof1997,Iwasfixedwithajob.Iworkedasa(n)assistantatMr.Breen’sfruitshop.Thefruitshopdidgoodbusiness.Mostofthetradecamefromthehousewiveswholivedintheneighborhood,buthealsohadregularcustomerswhoarrivedoutsidetheshopincars.MrBreenknewthemallbynameandtheysometimesevenhadtheirorderalreadymadeup,alwaysgettingmetocarryitouttotheircar.Theywereclearlylong-standingcustomers,andIsupposetheymusthavestayedfaithfultohimbecausehehadpromisedtosellgoodqualityfruit.Hehadawaywiththem—Ihadtoadmitthat.Hecalledeverywoman“madam”forastart,eventhosewhoclearlywerenot,butwhenhesaidit,itdidnotsoundlikeflattery.Itjustsoundedpoliteinanold-fashionedway.Hewasagreatchatteraswell.Ifhedidnotknowthem,hewouldgreetthemwithafewwordsabouttheweather,butifhedid,hewouldaskabouttheirfamiliesormakejokes,alwayscuttinghisclothaccordingtohiscustomers.Whatevertheirbillscameto,healwaysgavethembackthefewoddpence,andIamsuretheythoughthewasverygenerous.ButIthoughthewastheopposite.Heneverthrewanythingaway.Hewasalwayslookingforsomethingfornothing.与客户相处的方式\n在1997年的暑假，我得到了一份工作。我在布林先生的水果店当助理。水果店生意不错。大部分的交易都来自住在附近的家庭主妇，但他也有一些常客，他们开车来到店外。布林先生知道他们的名字，他们有时甚至已经订好了订单，总是让我把订单送到他们的车上。他们显然是长期的顾客，我想他们一定对他忠心耿耿，因为他答应过卖高质量的水果。他对他们有办法-我不得不承认。他一开始就叫每个女人为“夫人”，即使那些显然不是的女人，但当他这么说的时候，听起来并不像是奉承。只是用一种老式的方式听起来很礼貌。他也是个健谈的人。如果他不认识他们，他会用几句话问候他们的天气，但如果他认识他们，他就会问他们的家人或开玩笑，总是根据顾客的要求来剪裁衣服。不管他们的账单是多少，他总是把那几便士还给他们，我相信他们认为他很慷慨。但我认为他恰恰相反。他从不丢弃任何东西。他总是白白找东西。生词注解：1.faithful['feiθful]a.忠诚的；尽职的；如实的，准确可靠的2.flattery['flætəri]n.奉承；谄媚的举动3.oddpence零钱4.generous['dʒenərəs]a.慷慨的；宽厚的；大量的，丰富的词汇拓展：promise【导学】1)n.诺言，约定，(有)希望，预示makeapromise 许下诺言keepone'spromise 保守诺言breakone'spromise 打破诺言，说话不算数2)v.允诺，约定，预示，有可能promisesb.todosth. 答应某人做某事【例句】1)Idon'ttrusthispromisetocomeforavisit.我不相信他会如约前来访问。2)Shehashighpromiseofapianist.她大有希望成为钢琴家。3）Ipromisetoreturnyourbicycleongoodcondition.我答应一定完好无损地还你的自行车。语法点拨：\n1.Whatevertheirbillscameto,healwaysgavethembackthefewoddpence【归纳】whatever引导让步状语从句，此处相当于nomatterwhattheirbillscameto.whatever也可引导名词性从句，如：Youshouldn’thavebelievedwhateverhesaid.你本不该相信他所说的一切。2.Hewasalwayslookingforsomethingfornothing.【归纳】bealwaysdoing表示“总是在做着…”，表达说话人的一种感情，如赞扬或者批评等。如：Mystudentsarealwaysstudyinghard.我的学生总是在努力学习。＂家庭和社会生活＂是高中新课程标准主要话题之一，该话题包括人与人之间的关系、矛盾冲突和问题的解决、社会政治、经济、文化等方面。在高考试题当中，社会交往类话题占了较大比例，常以社交礼仪、社会价值观、文化碰撞等为主题。此话题多包含爱恋、友谊、信任、尊重和感恩等，贴近学生日常生活，并为他们所熟悉。以这些话题命题有利于促进学生身心健康成长，形成良好的价值观和积极向上的舆论导向。该话题为高考热点话题，近几年的高考英语命题当中，各种题型如听力、完形填空、阅读理解、七选五、语法填空、短文改错、书面表达等该话题频频出现，2018~2020高考试题中均出现过此类话题。特别是，2017年新课标卷I的阅读理解B篇和七选五、2017年新课标卷II的短文改错、2016年全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解B篇、2016全国卷Ⅱ完形填空、2016年四川卷阅读理解B篇；2016年北京卷阅读理解A篇；2013年山东卷完形填空；2012年山东完形填空等。【相关词汇】I.话题单词1.abandonvt.抛弃，舍弃，放弃2.abusevt.虐待；辱骂；滥用3.accompanyvt.陪伴；陪同；伴奏4.acquaintancen.相识(的人)；熟人5.admirableadj.值得赞赏的；可钦佩的6.adoptvt.收养；采用；通过7.ancestorn.祖宗；祖先8.appreciatevt.欣赏；感激\n9.arguevi.争辩，争论10.argumentn.争论，辩论11.associatevt.使联合12.attituden.态度13.barriern.屏障，障碍14.beneficialadj.有利的，有帮助的，有用的15.benefitn.益处，好处；v.受益；有益于16.bothervt.打扰；麻烦17.blamevt.责备，指责18.briden.新娘19.bridegroomn.新郎20.buryv.埋葬；埋藏；遮盖21.closeadj.关系亲密的；靠近的22.companionn.同伴；同事；伴侣23.complainv.抱怨；投诉24.condemnvt.谴责，指责；宣判25.conflictn.冲突26.congratulatevt.祝贺27.congratulationn.祝贺28.consciencen.良心；良知29.cooperatevi.合作30.colleaguen.同事；同僚31.divorcevt.离婚32.directv.管理；指挥33.enthusiasticadj.热情的34.familiaradj.熟悉的35.frictionn.摩擦36.friendlyadj.友好的37.forgivevt.原谅38.generationn.代；世代；一代人39.gratefuladj.感激的40.harmonyn.和睦；和谐41.harmoniousadj.和谐的42.headmastern.(中小学)校长43.headteachern.班主任；(中小学)校长44.householdn.一家人；家庭45.juniorn.年幼者；低年级学生46.mercifuladj.宽大的；仁慈的47.misunderstandvt.误会；不理解48.modestadj.谦虚的；谦逊的49.neighbourhoodn.社区；街坊50.nephewn.侄子；外甥51.partnern.伙伴；搭档；同伴52.teenagern.青少年53.patientadj.有耐心的54.patientlyadv.耐心地；有毅力地55.politelyadv.礼貌地56.preciousadj.珍贵的57.prejudicen.偏见，成见58.privateadj.私人的；个人的；私有的；；秘密的；私立的59.promotevt.促进；提升60.quarreln.&vi.争吵；吵架61.relativen.亲戚62.relationshipn.关系63.reliableadj.可信赖的，可靠的64.respectvt.尊重；尊敬65.respectfuladj.恭敬的，有礼貌的66.seniorn.年长者；高年级学生\n67.separatev.使分离，分开68.sharevt.分享；合用；分摊；n.股份；份额69.sincereadj.真诚的70.tensionn.紧张局势71.tolerancen.忍受72.treatvt.&vi.治疗；对待；n.款待II.话题短语1.alackofunderstanding缺乏理解2.beconcernedfor/about对……担心/关心3.befamiliarto为……所熟悉4.beinharmonywith...与……和谐相处/协调5.beongoodterms(与某人)关系好6.betolerantwith包容7.betoblame应受责备8.breakup分手；解散；结束9.bringup养育；抚养；教育10.carefor喜欢11.depend/relyon依靠，相信，信赖12.fitinwith与……相适应/合得来13.geton/alongwellwithsb.与某人相处融洽14.getintouchwith与……取得联系15.gowrong出毛病；失败16.have...incommon有共同之处17.havewordswith与……发生口角18.keepcool保持冷静19.keepintouchwith与……保持联系20.lookdownupon/on鄙视，看不起21.makeup和解22.sharefeelingsandideaswith与……分享情感和想法23.showrespectfor尊重24.splitup分开；分手25.seesb.off为某人送行26.turndown拒绝\n27.watchout当心28.wavesb.goodbye向某人挥手告别29.wishsb.apleasantjourney祝某人旅途愉快III.话题佳句1.Ididn'trealizetheimportanceofcooperatingwithothersuntilIwaschosenmonitorofmyclassinmyseniormiddleschool.直到上高中我被选为班长时我才意识到与他人合作的重要性。2.Justasthesayinggoes,"Onetreedoesn'tmakeaforest"，oursuccessisbasedoncooperatingwithothers.正如谚语所言："独木难成林"，我们的成功是建立在与他人合作的基础上的。3.Weshouldbekindtooneanother,whichisessentialtoenjoyingaharmoniouslife.我们应当彼此友善，这对于享受和谐的生活是绝对必要的。4.Withfriendship,lifeishappyandharmonious.Withoutfriendship,lifeishostileandunfortunate.拥有友谊，生活就会快乐又和谐；没有友谊，生活就会充满敌意与不幸。5.AsfarasI'mconcerned,tobuildagoodrelationship,weshouldtrusteachotherfirst.就我个人而言，要建立良好的关系，我们首先应该彼此信任。6.Asisknowntousall,childrenspendlesstimehavingheart?to?hearttalkswiththeirparentswhentheygrowolder.众所周知，当孩子们长大的时候，他们与他们的父母进行知心交谈的时间更少了。7.Asweallknow,makingfriendscanhelpusestablishgoodinterpersonalrelationships,andbuildaharmonioussociety.众所周知，交友有助于我们建立良好的人际关系，也有利于构建和谐社会。8.ItwasyourhelpandkindnessthatmademystudyandlifeintheUKspecialandenjoyable.正是你的帮助和热心让我在英国的学习和生活既特别又快乐。9.IhopewecanstayintouchwitheachothersothatwecancommunicatewitheachothertoknowmoreabouttheChineseandBritishculture.我希望我们之间能相互保持联系，这样我们就可以相互交流，从而了解更多的中国和英国的文化。10.Therefore,weshouldkeepcalmnomatterwhathappensinthefuture.Onlyinthiswaycanwedealwiththingscorrectlyandmaintainourfriendship.\n因此，不管将来发生什么事情我们都应该保持冷静，只有用这种方式我们才能恰当地处理问题并维护好我们的友谊。IV.连句成篇1.一个获得过诺贝尔奖的作家在他15岁的时候过着非常艰苦的生活。（定语从句）2.为了照顾生病的母亲，他不得不靠为报纸写文章谋生。3.他的老板对他要求非常严格，这导致了一个事实，即他在写作方面很有经验。（非限制性定语从句，同位语从句）4.他的一本书获得了2010年最佳畅销书称号，并得到了全世界的关注。5.很多人情不自禁地学习他的乐观精神，所以他的成功给我们树立了好榜样。Awriter who wontheNobelPrizeledaverytoughlifeattheageof15.Therefore,inordertolookafterhissickmother,hehadtoearn hislivingbywritingarticlesforanewspaper. However,hisbosswasverystrictwithhim,whichresultedinafactthathewasexperiencedinwriting. Tohisdelight,oneofhisbookswasgiventhetitleofTheBestSellerin2010,andgottheworld’sattention. Asaresult,manypeoplecouldn’thelplearninghispositivespirit,sohissuccess setagoodexampletous.I.阅读理解阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AAfter21yearsofmarriage,mywifewantedmetotakeanotherwomanouttodinnerandamovie.Shesaid,''Iloveyou,butIknowthisotherwomanlovesyoutoo,andshewouldlovetospendsometimewithyou.''TheotherwomanthatmywifewantedmetovisitwasmyMOTHER,whohasbeenawidowfor19years,butthedemandsofmyworkandmythreechildrenhadmadeitpossibletovisitheronlyoccasionally.ThatnightIcalledtoinvitehertogooutfordinnerandamovie.''What'swrong,areyouwell?''sheasked.Mymotheristhetypeofwomanwhosuspectsthatalatenightcallorasurpriseinvitationisasignofbadnews.''Ithoughtthatitwouldbepleasanttospendsometimewithyou,''Iresponded.''Just\nthetwoofus.''Shethoughtaboutitforamoment,andthensaid,''Iwouldlikethatverymuch.''ThatFridayafterwork,asIdroveovertopickherup,Iwasabitnervous.WhenIarrivedatherhouse,Inoticedthatshe,too,seemedtobenervousaboutourdate.Shewaitedinthedoorwithhercoaton.Wewenttoarestaurantthat,althoughnotelegant,wasveryniceandcozy.MymothertookmyarmasifsheweretheFirstLady.Afterwesatdown,Ihadtoreadthemenu.Hereyescouldonlyreadlargeprint.Halfwaythroughtheentries,IliftedmyeyesandsawMomsittingtherestaringatme.Anostalgicsmilewasonherlips.Duringthedinner,wehadanagreeableconversation--nothingextraordinarybutcatchinguponrecenteventsofeachother'slife.Wetalkedsomuchthatwemissedthemovie.Aswearrivedatherhouselater,shesaid,''I'llgooutwithyouagain,butonlyifyouletmeinviteyou.''Iagreed.Afewdayslater,mymotherdiedofamassiveheartattack.IthappenedsosuddenlythatIdidn'thaveachancetodoanythingforher.Sometimelater,IreceivedanenvelopewithacopyofarestaurantreceiptfromthesameplacemotherandIhaddined.Anattachednotesaid:''Ipaidthisbillinadvance.Iwasn'tsurethatIcouldbethere;butnevertheless,Ipaidfortwoplates--oneforyouandtheotherforyourwife.Youwillneverknowwhatthatnightmeantforme.Iloveyou,son.''Atthatmoment,Iunderstoodtheimportanceofsayingintime:''ILOVEYOU''andtogiveourlovedonesthetimethattheydeserve.Nothinginlifeismoreimportantthanyourfamily.Givethemthetimetheydeserve,becausethesethingscannotbeputofftill''someothertime''.1.Whenthemotherhearditwastheson'scall,shewas_______.A.surprisedB.worriedC.suspiciousD.puzzled2.Whatdidthemothermainlytalkabouttotheauthorduringthedinner?A.Herlifeaftertheauthor'smarriage.B.Hermemoryabouttheauthorasachild.C.Herlifesincetheauthor'slastvisit.D.Herexpectationaboutfuturereunions.3.What'sthepurposeoftheauthor'swritingthispassage?A.Toteachushowtocherishourfamily.\nB.Totellustoenjoythepresentlife.C.Toconveytheimportanceofshowingrespectforourparents.D.Towarnusnottoputoffwhatweshoulddotillsometimelater.4.What'sthebesttitleofthepassage?A.Mother'sloveB.NexttoneverC.PreciousunionD.AspecialdateBIwastellingmyboySonnythestoryofthehareandthetortoise.Intheend,Isaid,“Son,remember:Beslowandsteady,andthatwillwintherace.Don’tyouthinkthere’ssomethingtolearnfromthetortoise?”Sonnyopenedhiseyeswide,“DoyoumeannexttimewhenI’menteringforthe60-metreraceIshouldwishthatBilly,TonyandSandywouldallfallasleephalfway?”Iwasshocked,“Butthetortoisedidn’twishthattheharewouldfallasleep!”“Hemusthavewishedthat,”Sonnysaid,“Otherwisehowcouldhebesofoolishastoracewiththehare?Heknewverywellthehareranahundredtimesfasterthanhehimselfdid.”“Hedidn’thavesuchawish,”Iinsisted.“Hewontheracebyperseverance(坚忍不拔的),bypushingonsteadily.”Sonnythoughtawhile.“That’salie,”hesaid.“Hewonitbecausehewaslucky.Iftheharehadn’thappenedtofallasleep,thetortoisewouldneverhavewontherace.Hecouldbeassteadyasyoulike,orahundredtimessteadier,buthe’dneverhavewontherace.That’sforsure.”Igaveup.Today’schildrenarenotlikewhatweusedtobe.They’rejusthopeless.5.Thewriterarguedwithhissonbecause______________.A.helikedtortoiseswhilehissonlikedharesB.theydisagreedaboutwhetherthetortoisewasfoolishC.hetriedtoteachhissonamoral(品德)lessonbutthesonhadtotallydifferentopinionD.helikedthestoryofthehareandthetortoisewhilehissondidn’t.6.Sonnybelievedthatthetortoise______________.A.wontheracebyhisownhardworkingB.tookariskbyagreeingtorunaraceC.wasnotgivenafairchanceintherace\nD.infactdidwintheraceluckily7.Billy,TonyandSandymustbe_______________.A.boyswhowereunknowntoSonny’sfatherB.boyswhoSonnyhasrunraceswithbeforeC.boyswhoSonnyhasneverracedwithbeforeD.boyswhoSonnydidnotexpecttoracewithagain8.Accordingtothepassage,whodoyouthinklearntalesson?A.ThetortoiseB.SonnyC.ThehareD.Sonny’sfatherCIt’s13:30and28-year-oldMartenPella'ssmartphonestartspinging,asignalthatit’stimeforustostopworkingaroundhislivingroomtableandinsteadstartourworkoutroutinetogether.Acartooncharacterwearingbrightredshortsonvideobeginsinstructingustodostar-jumpsandsit-upsaroundhisapartment.Pella,aresearchassistantatStockholmUniversity,ispartoftheHofficemovement,whichinvitesworkers-freelancers（自由职业者）orfull-timeemployeeswhocandotheirjobsremotely—toworkateachother’shomestoincreaseproductivityandenjoyanactivesociallife.ThoseattendingHofficeeventsadvertisedonFacebookaretypicallyaskedtoworksilentlyin45-minuteblocks,beforetakingshortbreakstogethertoexercise,orsimplychattingoveracoffee.Inaddition,eachparticipantsharesdailyobjectiveswiththerestofthegroupuponarrival,andisinvitedtoreportbackonwhetherornottheyhaveachievedthemattheendoftheday.“OftenwhenIamalone,IcanworkfocusedforacoupleofhoursbutthenI’measilydistracted（分心）.Thehelpofothersmakesmesomuchmoredisciplined.”saysPella,whoattendsHofficeeventsasbothaguestandahost.Lunchesmeannetworkingandconnectingwithnewcontacts.“Peoplearecomingfromreallydifferentareasandhavedifferentprofessionssotherecanbereallyinterestingdiscussions,”hesays.TheHofficemovementhasgrownquicklysinceitwasfoundedin2014bySwedishpsychologistChristoferFranzen,now37.Hehadbeengivinglecturesonthebenefitsofcollective（集体的）intelligence,butrealisedhewasspendingmostofhisowntimeworkingaloneathiskitchentable.\n“Iwantedtotestmorestructuredhomeco-workingwithfriendsinsimilarsituations,”hesays.Franzensaysthatholdingeventsinhousesandapartmentscreatesauniqueatmosphere,becausethere’sasenseofcommunityanddesiretocontribute.He’slookingforwaystoexpandthesocialvalueofHoffice,bymatchingupmemberswithrelevantskillstoshareandevenencouragingjobseekerstojoinitsgatherings.9.WhereisPellawhenhissmartphonestartspinging?A.Inhisownhome.B.Inhisoffice.C.Inanotherperson’shome.D.AtStockholmUniversity.10.WhatdopeopleattendingHofficeeventsdofirstwhentheymeet?A.Watchanexercisevideo.B.Worksilentlyfor45minutes.C.Telleachothertheirdailyplans.D.Reportwhattheyhaveachieved.11.WhatdoesFranzenreallymeanbysaying“friendsinsimilarsituations”?A.Theyusuallyworkalone.B.Theyoftengivelectures.C.Theystudycollectiveintelligence.D.Theyhavetoworkatakitchentable.12.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.SharingComfortableWorkplacesB.ANewWaytoMakeNewFriendsC.BenefitsofCollectiveIntelligenceD.WorkingfromOthers’HomesDTheWuhanInstituteofShipbuildingTechnologywasusedasaquarantinesite(隔离区)fromFeb8toMarch28.ChengShining,ajuniorofCentralChinaNormalUniversityinWuhan,wasresponsibleforcollectinganddistributingsuppliesforquarantinedpeopleandmedicalstaff.Astheyoungestvolunteeratthissite,healsochosetolivetheresothathecouldshowupwheneverhewasneeded.OnedayChengandtwoothervolunteerstookmorethan3hourstomoveall1,462boxesofmineralwatertostoragewith50firemen'shelp.Chengsays."Asingleperson'sstrengthislimited,butweknowthewholecountryishelpingus."ChengwasavolunteerfortheMilitaryWorldGamesheldinWuhanlastOctober.Itwasthefirsttimehesawhishometownundertheworld'sspotlight."I'veexperiencedthehighlightof\nWuhan,andnowwhenmyhometowntouchedalowpoint,Iwanttogetthroughthedifficultytogetherwiththecity,"Chengsays.LikeCheng,28-year-oldWuhanlocalZhuAobingalsovolunteeredtohelphishomecity.Hesigneduprightawaytobeavolunteerforthevaccine.Atotalof108WuhanlocalsbecamethefirstgroupofCOVID-19vaccinevolunteersinMarch.Theyarehealthyadultsagedfrom18to60selectedfromthousandsofpeoplewhoapplied."Sincethelockdown,I'vealwaysbeenthinkingwhatIcandoformyhometownduringtheepidemic,"hesays.ZhuisafreshmanofHubeiUniversityofTechnologyinWuhan.Hejoinedthearmywhenhewas18yearsoldandservedforfiveyears.However,Zhudidn'twanttomissthechancetostudyfurther,sohedecidedtogotocollegelastyear."NomatterhowlongIhavefinishedmymilitaryservice,Ialwayshavetheresponsibilitytogotothefrontlinewhenthecountryneedsme,andwhenfacingthispandemic(疫情)，beingavaccinevolunteeriswhatIshoulddo,"hesays.13.HowdoesChengsoundwhentalkingaboutthehelpfromthefiremen?A.DescriptiveandseriousB.GenerousandexcitingC.AppreciativeandoptimisticD.Cautiousandsupportive14.HowcanZhuhelphishomecity?A.ByservingtheMilitaryWorldGames.B.Byhelpingrunaquarantinesite.C.Bystudyingfurtherincollege.D.Bybeingavaccinevolunteer.15.WhatdoChengandZhuhaveincommon?A.TheyareWuhanlocals.B.Theyservedinthearmy.C.Theyareofthesameage.D.Theygraduatedfromuniversity.16.WhichofthefollowingismostlikelysaidbyPresidentXitothemduringtheepidemic?A.Diligenceiscrucialforthedevelopmentofourcountry.B.Chinesedreamiswhatpushesthewholecountryahead.C.Lifeisabookandyouareresponsibleforyourownpage.D.TheChineseyouthoftheneweracanshouldergreatmissions.\nA【答案】1.B2.C3.A4.B【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲叙了作者在妻子的要求下和母亲共度了一个夜晚。结果几天后，母亲死于严重的心脏病发作。过了一段时间，作者收到了一个信封，里面是作者母亲吃饭时的餐馆收据的复印件和母亲留给自己的话。那一刻，作者明白了及时说出“我爱你”以及给予我们所爱的人他们应得的时间的重要性。生活中没有什么比家庭更重要。多花些时间陪陪他们，因为这些事情不能被推迟到“改天”。1.推理判断题。根据第二段的''What'swrong,areyouwell?''sheasked.(她问：“你怎么了，你还好吗？”)可推测，当作者的妈妈知道是作者打来电话时很担心。B.worried(担心的)符合以上推测，故选B项。2.细节理解题。根据第五段的Duringthedinner,wehadanagreeableconversation--nothingextraordinarybutcatchinguponrecenteventsofeachother'slife.(在晚饭期间，我们谈得很愉快——没有什么特别的事，就是各自最近的生活)可知，在晚饭期间作者的妈妈谈论了她自己的生活。C.Herlifesincetheauthor'slastvisit.(自作者上一次拜访以来的生活)符合以上说法，故选C项。3.推理判断题。根据最后一段中Nothinginlifeismoreimportantthanyourfamily.Givethemthetimetheydeserve,becausethesethingscannotbeputofftill''someothertime''.可知，生活中没有什么比家庭更重要。多花些时间陪陪他们，因为这些事情不能被推迟到“改天”。由此可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是想告诉我们应当珍惜我们的家庭。A.Toteachushowtocherishourfamily.(为了教会我们如何珍惜家人)符合以上推测，故选A项。4.主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其最后一段的Givethemthetimetheydeserve,becausethesethingscannotbeputofftill''someothertime''.(多花些时间陪陪他们，因为这些事情不能被推迟到“改天”。)可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是告诉我们，家人非常重要，我们应该多花些时间陪陪他们，因为这些事情不能被推迟到“改天”，由此可知B.Nexttonever(不要推到下次)可以作为本文标题，故选B项。B【答案】5.C6.D7.B8.D【解析】文章大意：父亲本想通过龟兔赛跑的故事教育儿子，但是最终却没能说服自己的儿子，因为儿子说的也很有道理。5.细节理解题。从文章的内容和第一段的句子：Don’tyouthinkthere’ssomethingtolearnfromthetortoise?”可知作者和儿子争论是因为他想教儿子故事中的寓意，但是儿子拒绝了。故C正确。6.细节理解题。从文章第六段的句子：Sonnythoughtawhile.“That’salie,”hesaid.“Hewon\nitbecausehewaslucky.可知乌龟赢得比赛完全是出于幸运。故D正确。7.推理判断题。根据文章第二段DoyoumeannexttimewhenI’menteringforthe60-metreraceIshouldwishthatBilly,TonyandSandywouldallfallasleephalfway?可知索尼以前肯定和这三个人进行过赛跑比赛。故B正确。8.推理判断题。从文章的内容：可知作者想教儿子故事中的寓意，但是儿子拒绝了，从和儿子的辩论中，作者了解到他这一代人和Sonny这一代对于人生有不同的看法，可知是Sonny的父亲最后得到一个教训。故D项正确。考点：考查故事类短文阅读C【答案】9.A10.C11.A12.D【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要围绕“Hoffice行动”展开，即邀请自由职业者或可以远程工作的全职员工在彼此的家中工作，以提高工作效率，避免与社会隔绝,享受积极的社交生活。9.细节理解题。根据第一段“MartenPellassmartphonestartspinging,asignalthatit’stimeforustostopworkingaroundhislivingroomtable”可知下午1点半，28岁的马腾·配拉(MårtenPella)的智能手机响了起来，这表示我们不能继续围坐在他家客厅的桌子旁工作了，该锻炼身体了。所以MartenPella电话响起的时候他在客厅，是在自己家里，故答案为A。10.细节理解题。根据第三段“Inaddition,eachparticipantsharesdailyobjectiveswiththerestofthegroupuponarrival,andisinvitedtoreportbackonwhetherornottheyhaveachievedthemattheendoftheday.”可知，另外，每位参与者都要在开始工作前与其他人分享自己每天的目标，然后在一天的工作结束时汇报自己是否实现了目标。所以人们见面后先谈论告诉对方他们的日常计划。故答案为C。11.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段Hehadbeengivinglecturesonthebenefitsofcollectiveintelligence,butrealisedhewasspendingmostofhisowntimeworkingaloneathiskitchentable.可知，他一直在讲集体智慧的好处，但他意识到自己大部分时间都是独自一人在餐桌旁工作。由此可推断Franzen的意思是他们这些人相似的处境就是总是独自一人工作，故答案为A。12.主旨大意题。主要围绕“Hoffice行动”展开，即邀请自由职业者或可以远程工作的全职员工在彼此的家中工作，以提高工作效率，避免与社会隔绝,享受积极的社交生活。由此判断出，短文的最佳标题为“放弃办公桌到陌生人家里办公”。故答案为D。D【答案】13.C14.D15.A16.D\n【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章分别讲述了两位来自武汉的志愿者在疫情期间做出的贡献。13.推理判断题。根据第二段的Asingleperson'sstrengthislimited,butweknowthewholecountryishelpingus.可知，在程看来，虽然个人的力量有限，但他知道整个国家都在帮助他们。由此推测，他一方面有对于国家援助的感激之情，另一方面也能感受到战胜疫情的信心。C.Appreciativeandoptimistic(感激并且乐观)符合以上推测，故选C项。14.细节理解题。根据第四段第一二句LikeCheng,28-year-oldWuhanlocalZhuAobingalsovolunteeredtohelphishomecity.Hesigneduprightawaytobeavolunteerforthevaccine.(像程一样，28岁的武汉当地人，朱奥兵也自愿帮助自己的家乡。他立刻报名成为疫苗的志愿者。)可知，朱帮助自己城市的方式就是申请成为疫苗志愿者。D.Bybeingavaccinevolunteer.(通过成为疫苗志愿者)符合以上说法，故选D项。15.细节理解题。根据第三段的ChengwasavolunteerfortheMilitaryWorldGamesheldinWuhanlastOctober.Itwasthefirsttimehesawhishometownundertheworld'sspotlight.(程是去年世界军人运动会的志愿者。这是他第一次看到自己的家乡成为世界的焦点。)和第四段的28-year-oldWuhanlocalZhuAobing(28岁的武汉当地人朱)可知，两位志愿者都是武汉人。A.TheyareWuhanlocals.(他们是武汉当地人)符合以上说法，故选A项。16.推理判断题。根据第一段的ChengShining,ajuniorofCentralChinaNormalUniversityinWuhan,wasresponsibleforcollectinganddistributingsuppliesforquarantinedpeopleandmedicalstaff.Astheyoungestvolunteeratthissite,healsochosetolivetheresothathecouldshowupwheneverhewasneeded.(程，武汉华中师范大学二年级学生，负责为隔离区和医护人员收集和分发供给品。作为这个点最小的志愿者，他也选择了住在这里，这样他就可以在任何需要他的时间出现)和最后一段的NomatterhowlongIhavefinishedmymilitaryservice,Ialwayshavetheresponsibilitytogotothefrontlinewhenthecountryneedsme,andwhenfacingthispandemic，beingavaccinevolunteeriswhatIshoulddo(不管我已经服完兵役多久，当国家需要我的时候我都有责任去到最前线，当面对疫情时，成为疫苗志愿者就是我应该做的)可知，两位志愿者虽然年轻但都能为国家为大局挺身而出负起责任，由此推断D.TheChineseyouthoftheneweracanshouldergreatmissions.(中国新时代的年轻人能肩负伟大的职责)更有可能是习总书记对他们说的话,故选D项。
