2013年高考第二轮复习英语山东版题型技法指导专题三 阅读理解真题试做(2012山东高考)AThePacificislandnationofNauruusedtobeabeautifulplace.Nowitisanecologicaldisasterarea.Nauru'sheartbreakingstorycouldhaveonegoodconsequence—othercountriesmightlearnfromitsmistakes.Forthousandsofyears，PolynesianpeoplelivedontheremoteislandofNauru，farfromwesterncivilization.ThefirstEuropeantoarrivewasJohnFearnin1798.HewastheBritishcaptainoftheHunter，awhalingship.HecalledtheislandPleasantIsland.However，becauseitwasveryremote，NauruhadlittlecommunicationwithEuropeansatfirst.Thenwhalingshipsandothertradersbegantovisit，bringinggunsandalcohol.Theseelementsdestroyedthesocialbalanceofthetwelvefamilygroupsontheisland.Aten yearcivilwarstarted，whichreducedthepopulationfrom1400to900.Nauru'srealtroublesbeganin1899whenaBritishminingcompanydiscoveredphosphate(磷酸盐)ontheisland.Infact，itfoundthattheislandofNauruwasnearlyallphosphate，whichisaveryimportantfertilizerforfarming.Thecompanybeganminingthephosphate.Aphosphatemineisnotaholeintheground；itisastripmine.Whenacompanystrip mines，itremovesthetoplayerofsoil.Thenittakesawaythematerialitwants.Strip miningtotallydestroystheland.Gradually，thelovelyislandofNaurustartedtolooklikethemoon.In1968，Naurubecameoneoftherichestcountriesintheworld.Everyyearthegovernmentreceivedmillionsandmillionsofdollarsforitsphosphate.Unfortunately，theleadersinvestedthemoneyunwiselyandlostmillionsofdollars.Inaddition，theyusedmillionsmoredollarsforpersonalexpenses.Soonpeoplerealizedthattheyhadaterribleproblem—theirphosphatewasrunningout.Ninetypercentoftheirislandwasdestroyedandtheyhadnothing.By2000，Nauruwasalmostfinanciallyruined.Expertssaythatitwouldtakeapproximately$433,600,000andmorethan20yearstorepairtheisland.Thiswillprobablyneverhappen.56．Whatmightbetheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?A．ToseekhelpforNauru'sproblems.B．Togiveawarningtoothercountries.C．Toshowtheimportanceofmoney.D．Totellaheartbreakingstoryofawar.57．WhatwasNaurulikebeforetheEuropeanscame?A．Richandpowerful. B．Modernandopen.C．Peacefulandattractive.D．Greedyandaggressive.58．TheecologicaldisasterinNaururesultedfrom______.A．soilpollutionB．phosphateoverminingC．farmingactivityD．whalehunting59．WhichofthefollowingwasacauseofNauru'sfinancialproblem?A．Itsleadersmisusedthemoney.B．Itspenttoomuchrepairingtheisland.-31-\nC．Itsphosphateminingcostmuchmoney.D．Itlostmillionsofdollarsinthecivilwar.60．WhatcanwelearnaboutNaurufromthelastparagraph?A．Theecologicaldamageisdifficulttorepair.B．Theleaderswilltaketheexperts'wordsseriously.C．TheislandwasabandonedbytheNauruans.D．Thephosphateminesweredestroyed.BOneofthegreatestcontributorstothefirstOxfordEnglishDictionarywasalsooneofitsmostunusual.In1879，OxfordUniversityinEnglandaskedProf.JamesMurraytoserveaseditorforwhatwastobethemostambitiousdictionaryinthehistoryoftheEnglishlanguage.ItwouldincludeeveryEnglishwordpossibleandwouldgivenotonlythedefinitionbutalsothehistoryofthewordandquotations(引文)showinghowitwasused.Thiswasahugetask，soMurrayhadtofindvolunteersfromBritain，theUnitedStates，andtheBritishcoloniestosearcheverynewspaper，magazine，andbookeverwritteninEnglish.Hundredsofvolunteersresponded，includingWilliamChesterMinor.Dr.MinorwasanAmericansurgeonwhohadservedintheCivilWarandwasnowlivinginEngland.Hegavehisaddressas“Broadmoor，Crowthorne，Berkshire，”50milesfromOxford.MinorjoinedthearmyofvolunteerssendingwordsandquotationstoMurray.Overthenext17years，hebecameoneofthestaff'smostvaluedcontributors.Buthewasalsoamystery.Inspiteofmanyinvitations，hewouldalwaysdeclinetovisitOxford.Soin1897，MurrayfinallydecidedtotraveltoCrowthornehimself.Whenhearrived，hefoundMinorlockedinabook linedcellattheBroadmoorAsylum(精神病院)fortheCriminallyInsane.MurrayandMinorbecamefriends，sharingtheirloveofwords.Minorcontinuedcontributingtothedictionary，sendinginmorethan10,000submissionsin20years.MurraycontinuedtovisitMinorregularly，sometimestakingwalkswithhimaroundtheasylumgrounds.In1910，MinorleftBroadmoorforanasyluminhisnativeAmerica.Murraywasattheporttowavegoodbyetohisremarkablefriend.Minordiedin1920，sevenyearsbeforethefirsteditionoftheOxfordEnglishDictionarywascompleted.The12volumesdefined414,825words，andthousandsofthemwerecontributionsfromaveryscholarlyanddevotedasylumpatient.61．Accordingtothetext，thefirstOxfordEnglishDictionary______.A．cameoutbeforeMinordiedB．waseditedbyanAmericanvolunteerC．includedtheEnglishwordsinventedbyMurrayD．wasintendedtobethemostambitiousEnglishdictionary62．HowdidDr.Minorcontributetothedictionary?A．HehelpedMurraytofindhundredsofvolunteers.B．Hesentnewspapers，magazinesandbookstoMurray.C．Heprovidedagreatnumberofwordsandquotations.D．HewenttoEnglandtoworkwithMurray.63．WhydidDr.MinorrefusetovisitOxford?A．Hewasshutinanasylum.B．HelivedfarfromOxford.C．Hewasbusywritingabook.D．Hedislikedtraveling.64．Prof.MurrayandDr.Minorbecamefriendsmainlybecause______.-31-\nA．theybothservedintheCivilWarB．theyhadacommoninterestinwordsC．MinorrecoveredwiththehelpofMurrayD．MurraywenttoAmericaregularlytovisitMinor65．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesDr.Minor?A．Braveanddetermined.B．Cautiousandfriendly.C．Considerateandoptimistic.D．Unusualandscholarly.66．Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A．ThehistoryoftheEnglishlanguage.B．ThefriendshipbetweenMurrayandMinor.C．MinorandthefirstOxfordEnglishDictionary.D．BroadmoorAsylumanditspatients.CSanFranciscohasitscablecars.SeattlehasitsSpaceNeedle.And，Longviewhasitssquirrelbridge.Thebridge，whichhasattractedinternationalattention，isnowalocallandmark.TheNuttyNarrowsBridgewasbuiltin1963byalocalbuilder，AmosPeters，togivesquirrelsawaytocrossthebusyroadwithoutgettingflattenedbypassingcars.TheoriginalbridgewasbuiltoverOlympiaWayonthewestedgeofthelibrarygrounds.Beforethebridgewasbuilt，squirrelshadtoavoidtraffictoandfromtheParkPlazaofficebuildingwhereofficestaffputoutanuttyfeastforthesquirrels.Manytimes，PetersandotherswhoworkedinandnearParkPlazawitnessedsquirrelsbeingrunover.OnedayPetersfoundadeadsquirrelwithanutstillinitsmouth，andthatday'scoffeebreakdiscussionturnedintosquirrelsafety.ThegroupofbusinessmencookedupthesquirrelbridgeideaandformedacommitteetoasktheblessingoftheCityCouncil(市政会)．TheCouncilapproved，andCouncilwomanBessLaRivierejokinglynamedthebridge“NuttyNarrows”．Afterarchitectsdesignedthebridge，AmosPetersandBillHutchstartedconstruction.Theybuiltthe60 footbridgefromaluminumandlengthsoffirehose(消防水带)．Itcost$1,000.Itdidn'ttakelongbeforereportsofsquirrelsusingthebridgestarted.Squirrelswereevenseenguidingtheiryoungandteachingthemtheropes.Thestorywaspickedupbythemedia，andNuttyNarrowsbecameknowninnewspapersallovertheworld.In1983，after20yearsofuse，Peterstookdowntheworn outbridge.Repairsweremadeandcrosspieceswerereplaced.ThefadedsignwasrepaintedandinJuly1983，hundredsofanimalloversattendedthecompletionceremonyofthenewbridge.Petersdiedin1984，andaten footwoodensquirrelsculpturewasplacednearthebridgeinmemoryofitsbuilderandhisdevotiontotheproject.67．TheNuttyNarrowsBridgewasbuiltinorderto______.A．offersquirrelsaplacetoeatnutsB．setupalocallandmarkC．helpimprovetrafficD．protectsquirrels68．Whathappenedoverthecoffeebreakdiscussion?A．ThecommitteegottheCouncil'sblessing.B．Thesquirrelbridgeideawasborn.C．Acouncilwomannamedthebridge.D．Asquirrelwasfounddead.69．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“teachingthemtheropes”probablymeaninthetext?-31-\nA．Passingthemarope.B．Directingthemtostorefoodforwinter.C．Teachingthemalesson.D．Showingthemhowtousethebridge.70．Whichofthefollowingistrueofthesquirrelbridge?A．Itwasreplacedbyalongerone.B．Itwasbuiltfromwoodandmetal.C．Itwasrebuiltafteryearsofuse.D．ItwasdesignedbyBillHutch.71．WhatcanwelearnaboutAmosPeters?A．Heisrememberedforhisloveofanimals.B．Hedonated$1,000tobuildthebridge.C．HewasamemberoftheCityCouncil.D．Hewasawardedamedalforbuildingthebridge.DForthosewhoaretiredofdoingthelaundry，Samsunghasfoundananswer：awashingmachinethatcantellyouwhenyourlaundryisdoneviaasmartphoneapp(application)．Strangethoughitmayseem—“mywifealreadydoesthat”wasacommonresponseamongattendeesviewingthedevicewhenitwasintroducedattheConsumerElectronicsShow(CES)thisweek—Samsungisjustoneofmanyappliancemakersracingtoinstall(安装)alargenumberofinternet connectedfeaturesinmachinesinanefforttomakethem“smart.”Lastyear，itwasarefrigeratorthattweeted.Thisyear，it'sWi Fi enabledlaundrymachinesandfridgesthatcantellyouwhenyourgroceriesaregoingbad.Thewashersanddryers，availablestartinginthespring，connecttoanysmartphonethroughadownloadableapplication.Thephonecanthenbeusedasaremotecontrol，sothemachinescanbeturnedonandoffwhiletheirownerisatworkoronthebus.Samsungsaysit'snotjustsomethingnew—theappconnectionactuallyhassomepracticaluses.“Ifyoustartedtodryclothesinthemorningandforgottotakethemout，youcangotoyourphoneandrestartyourdryerforthetimewhenyoucomehome，soyourclothesarerefreshedandreadytogo，”saidspokespersonAmySchmidt.Thecompanyalsosaysthatwithelectricityrates(电价)varyingdependingonthetimeofday，morecontroloverwhenthemachinesareusedcanhelpsavemoney.Perhaps，butwhattheywillprobablyreallyaccomplishiswhatallgoodtechnologiesdo—enablelaziness.Ratherthangettinguptocheckonwhetherthelaundryisdone，userswillinsteadmonitoritontheirphoneswhilewatchingTV.72．WhatcanbeinferredfromthecommonresponseoftheattendeesattheCES?A．Themachinewillbeabigsuccess.B．Theirwiveslikedoingthelaundry.C．Themachineisunrelatedtotheirlife.D．Thiskindoftechnologyisfamiliartothem.73．Whatcanwelearnaboutthenewlaundrymachines?A．Theycantellyouwhenyourclothesneedwashing.B．Theycanbecontrolledwithasmartphone.C．Theyaredifficulttooperate.D．Theyaresoldatalowprice.74．WecanconcludefromSamsung'sstatementsthat______.A．theappconnectionmakeslifeeasierB．itisbettertodryclothesinthemorningC．smartphonescanshortenthedryingtime-31-\nD．weshouldrefreshclothesbackathome75．Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?A．Thelaundryshouldbefrequentlychecked.B．Lazypeoplelikeusingsuchmachines.C．Goodtechnologiesalsocauseproblems.D．Televisionmayhelpdothelaundry.考向分析山东近5年高考阅读理解题材、题型统计：年份篇目题型题材细节理解题推理判断题主旨大意题词义猜测题2008A生活话题(电影节报道)56,57,605958B科技动向(手机短信报警系统)62,63,64,656166C人物故事(创业经历)67,68,7069,71D环境保护(少年环保组织)72,7473,752009A人物故事(捐献遗产，邻里互助)56,57,5958,60B生活话题(虚假广告与理性消费)62,6361,64,65C社会话题(提高烟税，尽快戒烟)6769,706668D教育就业(选择经济专业，找份稳定职业)71,72,7473752010A慈善事业(糖尿病患者建立慈善机构)56,57,58,5960B环境保护(如何应对包装浪费对环境的危害)6362,64,6561C人物故事(成长经历)66,67,6968,70D科技报道(核能电池)71,73,7472,752011A人物故事(阿瑟·米勒生平及代表作)56,5957,5860B人物故事(退休教师夫妇热心公益事业)61,62,63,6465C社会话题(学生贷款和大学学费上涨)66,68,69,7067D新闻报道(脑机接口技术的发明、原理和益处)71,72,73,74752012A环境保护(美丽富饶的岛国瑙鲁生态失衡)57,58,596056B人物故事(牛津英语词典编撰者不一般的人生)61,62,63,646566C动物保护(朗维尤松鼠桥的建立过程)67,68,707169D科技动向(智能手机控制的洗衣机)7372,7475合计573184分析近几年高考试题，可以发现阅读理解题呈现如下特点：1．话题新颖，题材、体裁多样-31-\n材料大多为时文，与社会日常生活息息相关，呈现出高度的生活化和多样化。选材真实，内容丰富，具有浓厚的时代气息，如环境保护、科技动向、人与自然等。这种关注实际生活的选材特点已呈现出明显的增强趋势。题材多样，信息丰富，包括日常生活、科普、社会、文化、政治、经济、新闻、史地、人物传记等等，体现了很好的传承性；体裁以记叙文和说明文为主，对说明文的考查呈现越来越重要的趋势。2．阅读量、信息量大考查阅读能力的一个重要方面是阅读速度，较大的阅读量、信息量对考生的阅读技能是一种有效的检测方法。近几年高考试题都保持了较大的词汇量，所涉及的内容广泛而深刻，对于词汇能力的考查也继续保持了较高的要求，为考生提供了施展阅读才能的机会和开阔的思维空间。从阅读理解部分的总词汇量来看，2008年为1826个，2009年为1775个，2010年为1913个，2011年为1966个，2012年2019个；从4篇文章的词汇量来看，2008年为1134个，2009年为1205个，2010年为1221个，2011年为1201个，2012年1260个；从设题的词汇量来看，2008年为692个，2009年为570个，2010年为692个，2011年为765个，2012年759个。3．语篇结构复杂阅读材料基本保留了其原有的语言风格，语篇结构也有一定难度。作者在阐述问题时都使用多种技巧和修辞方法，文章的展开不全是平铺直叙，而是间有倒叙、插叙等多种方式。行文的跳跃程度较大，陈述次序富于变化，隐含信息较多，再加上阅读材料的文化含量加大，文章的遣词造句趋于地道，因此，许多文段读起来感到“生涩”，有时读懂了文字，但不一定能够立刻领悟语篇的意思，常常要反复阅读几次才能读懂。4．语言难度较大具体表现在语句的长度、措辞的灵活性、一定量的生词量以及替代和省略手法的运用上。简单句、复合句、虚拟语气、结构复杂的长句、倒装句、省略句以及插入语等语言现象随处可见，而且多种时态混用。词汇运用要求更高，活用词比比皆是，一词多义、熟词生义现象更是频繁出现。要求考生掌握的词汇量一直在增加，2012年比2011年增加了105个新词，其中大多数是与网络和考生生活相关的词汇，进一步体现出引导考生关注现实生活的命题趋势。5．题型设置合理设题手法更加灵活，设题方式呈多样化的趋势。题干及选项设置科学严谨、简洁精练，信息定位具体，考点分布均匀，语言表达简洁，准确。不仅考查对文中的特定信息的理解把握，又涉及文章的主旨要义、作者的态度意图等深层理解题，更加注重考查学生的综合分析和概括能力。题型以细节理解题和推断判断题为主，主旨大意题一般每年2个左右，词义猜测题一般每年不超过1个。在2008～2012五年的100个题中，细节理解题占57个，推断判断题占31个，主旨大意题占8个，词义猜测题占4个。答题步骤1．快速浏览，掌握大意快速浏览，抓住文章中心大意以及文章的结构。浏览时不要急于做题，而要注意抓住主要信息，迅速把握文章大意和中心思想，了解文章全貌。同时通览题目，研究题目要求及选项，弄清问题所指。有的问题是针对文章中的一句话设计的，有的是针对一段话所陈述的事实设计的，有的是针对整篇文章设计的。对所提问题做到心中有数，为下一步阅读做好针对性的准备。2．细读全文，找准信息抓住文章大意、明确解题的目标后，带着问题仔细阅读文章。敏锐捕捉隐含在文中的有关信息词和信息句，推敲其中的关键词语，结合上下文把握语句的含义，排除文中不存在、片面或不合逻辑的选项，作出正确选择。做题时要本着先易后难的原则，对于比较明显的，有把握的题可立刻作出选择；对于难题，要在文章中仔细查阅，认真琢磨，找出确凿的依据，运用逻辑推理，准确选出符合要求的最佳答案。3．复读检查，验证答案-31-\n答案选出之后，快速阅读原文，重点放在与题目有关的词语、句子和段落上，核查答案，力求答案准确无误。尤其是感觉把握不大、选择时有些困难的题目，要对照原文与选项，看看是否一致、是否合乎情理、合乎逻辑。技法指导历年的高考阅读理解试题，基本上可分为四类题目：细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题、词义猜测题。1．细节理解题细节理解题常见的命题方式有以下几种：(1)WhichofthefollowingisNOTincluded/mentionedinthepassage?(2)Whichofthefollowing(sentences/statements)isNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?(3)Accordingtothepassage，allofthefollowingaretrueexcept/but______.(4)Theauthormentionsallofthefollowingexcept______.(5)Inthepassage，theauthorstatesthat______.(6)Accordingtothepassage，when(where，why，how，who，etc.)．..(7)Choosetherightorderoftheeventsgiveninthepassage.(8)Whichofthefollowingmaps/diagramsgivestherightpositionof...?(9)Whichofthedrawingsbelowgivesanideaof...?如：(2012江苏高考，B)DeputyAgricultureSecretaryKathleenMerriganseesanepidemic(流行病)sweepingacrossAmerica'sfarmland.Ithaslittletodowiththeusualchallenges，suchasflood，risingfuelpricesandcrop eatinginsects.Thecountry'sfarmersaregettingolder，andtherearefewerpeoplestandinginlinetotaketheirplace.Nationalagriculturalcensus(普查)figuresshowthatthefastest growinggroupoffarmersisthepartover65.Merriganisafraidtheaverageagewillbeevenhigherwhenthe2012statisticsarecompleted.Merrigan，aformercollegeprofessor，ismakingstopsatuniversitiesacrossthecountryinhopesofencouragingmorestudentstothinkaboutcareersinagriculture.AsidefromtryingtostopthegrayingofAmerica'sfarmers，herworkismadetougherbyarecentblogpostingthatputagricultureatNo.1onalistof“useless”collegedegrees.Topfederalagricultureofficialsaretalkingabouttheposting，andithastheattentionofagriculturalorganizationsacrossthecountry.“Therecouldn'tbeanythingthat'smoreincorrect，”Merrigansaid.“Weknowthattherearen'tenoughqualifiedgraduatestofillthejobsthatareoutthereinAmericanagriculture.”Inaddition，agrowingworldpopulationthatsomeexpertspredictwillrequire70%morefoodproductionby2050，shesaid.“Itrulybelievewe'reatagoldenageofagriculture.Globaldemandisatanall timerecordhigh，andglobalsuppliesareatall timerecordlows，”saidMattRush，directoroftheTexasFarmBureau.“Productioncostsaregoingtobevaluableenoughthatyoungerpeoplearegoingtohavetheopportunitytobeinvolvedinagriculture.”TheDepartmentofAgriculturehasprogramsaimedatdevelopingmorefarmersandatincreasinginterestinlocallygrownfood.TheNationalYoungFarmers'Coalitionhasalsobeenpushingforstateandfederalpolicychangestomakeiteasierfornewfarmers.RyanBest，presidentofFutureFarmersofAmerica，hasbeenlivingoutofasuitcase，travelingthecountryandvisitingwithhighschoolstudentsaboutcareersinagriculture.The21 year oldBesthopeshismessage—thatthisisanewtimeinagriculture—willmotivatethenextgenerationtoturnaroundthestatistics.“Never-31-\nbeforehavewehadtheinnovations(创新)intechnologywhichhaveledtoagricultureinthiscountrybeingthemostefficientithaseverbeen，”hesaid.“There'sreallyaplaceforeverybodytofitin.”59．WhatisthenewchallengetoAmericanagriculture?A．Fewerandolderfarmers.B．Higherfuelprices.C．Morenaturaldisasters.D．Loweragriculturaloutput.剖析：A 细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“Thecountry'sfarmersaregettingolder，andtherearefewerpeoplestandinginlinetotaketheirplace.”可知，对于美国的农业来说，面临的挑战是农民年龄老化和人员减少。60．WhyisMerriganvisitinguniversitiesacrossthecountry?A．Todrawfederalagricultureofficials'attention.B．Toselectqualifiedagriculturegraduates.C．Toclarifyarecentblogposting.D．Totalkmorestudentsintofarmingcareers.剖析：D 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“...inhopesofencouragingmorestudentstothinkaboutcareersinagriculture.”可知，她走访全国的大学的意图是鼓励大学生以农业为职业。61．AccordingtoMattRush，Americanagriculturewillprovideopportunitiesforyoungerpeoplebecause______.A．thegovernmentwillcoverproductioncostsB．globalfoodsupplieswillbeevenlowerC．investmentinagriculturewillbeprofitableD．Americawillincreaseitsfoodexport剖析：C 细节理解题。根据第五段可知，MattRush认为我们处在一个农业的黄金时代，需求创纪录的高、供应创纪录的低，年轻人投身农业是个机会，会有益的。细节理解题大多是根据文章中的具体信息，如事实、例证、原因、过程、论述等进行提问的。有些问题可以在文章中直接找到答案，有些则要我们在理解的基础上将有关内容进行分析才能找到，比如计算、排序、是非判断、图形比较等。这类题目较为容易，做此类题的方法一般是先用寻读法找出与问题相关的词语或句子，再对相关的部分进行细读，找出正确答案。2．推理判断题推理判断题常见的命题方式有以下几种：(1)Wecanknowfromthepassagethat______.(2)Wecaninferfromthe(first/last)passagethat______.(3)Thepassage/authorimplies/suggeststhat______.(4)Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat______.(5)Theunderlinedsentenceindicatesthat______.(6)Fromthepassagewecandrawtheconclusionthat______.(7)Theauthorseemstobeinfavorof/against______.(8)Theauthor'spurposeofwritingthispassageis______.(9)Theauthormayprobablyagreewith/support______.(10)What'stheauthor'sattitude/view/point______？(11)Howdoestheauthorfeelabout______？(12)Intheauthor'sopinion，______.如：(2012课标全国高考，D)Grown upsareoftensurprisedbyhowwelltheyremembersomethingtheylearnedaschildrenbuthaveneverpracticedeversince.Amanwhohasnothadachancetogoswimmingforyearscanstillswimaswellaseverwhenhegetsbackinthewater.Hecangetonabicycleaftermanyyearsandstillrideaway.Hecanplaycatchandhit-31-\naballaswellashisson.Amotherwhohasnotthoughtaboutthewordsforyearscanteachherdaughterthepoemthatbegins“Twinkle，twinkle，littlestar”orrememberthestoryofCinderellaorGoldilocksandtheThreeBears.Oneexplanationisthelawofoverlearning，whichcanbestatedasfollows：Oncewehavelearnedsomething，additionallearningtrialsincreasethelengthoftimewewillrememberit.Inchildhoodweusuallycontinuetopracticesuchskillsasswimming，bicycleriding，andplayingbaseballlongafterwehavelearnedthem.Wecontinuetolistentoandremindourselvesofwordssuchas“Twinkle，twinkle，littlestar”andchildhoodtalessuchasCinderellaandGoldilocks.Wenotonlylearnbutoverlearn.Themultiplicationtables(乘法口诀表)areanexceptiontothegeneralrulethatweforgetratherquicklythethingsthatwelearninschool，becausetheyareanotherofthethingsweoverlearninchildhood.Thelawofoverlearningexplainswhycramming(突击学习)foranexamination，thoughitmayresultinapassinggrade，isnotasatisfactorywaytolearnacollegecourse.Bycramming，astudentmaylearnthesubjectwellenoughtogetbyontheexamination，butheislikelysoontoforgetalmosteverythinghelearned.Alittleoverlearning，ontheotherhand，isreallynecessaryforone'sfuturedevelopment.68．Theauthorexplainsthelawofoverlearningby______.A．presentingresearchfindingsB．settingdowngeneralrulesC．makingacomparisonD．usingexamples剖析：D 推理判断题。作者在第二段中解释了thelawofoverlearning，接着在第三、四段通过具体的实例来对此进行说明。故选D项。70．Whatistheauthor'sopiniononcramming?A．Itleadstofailureincollegeexams.B．It'shelpfulonlyinalimitedway.C．It'spossibletoresultinpoormemory.D．Itincreasesstudents'learninginterest.剖析：B 推理判断题。由最后一段第一句可知，虽然突击学习可能在通过考试的分数上起一定作用，但是对于学习大学课程来说却不是一种令人满意的方法。由此推出，在作者看来突击学习的作用是有一定局限性的。故选B项。这类题目单从材料的字面意思中是找不到答案的，这就要求考生必须仔细阅读，了解文中的全部信息或事实，透彻理解文章的深层含义，运用归纳、综合、推理的逻辑思维方法，将已述和未述的含义结合起来思考，判断人物的动机、目的和性格特征，理顺事件发生的顺序或前因后果，从而找到答案。3．主旨大意题主旨大意题常见的命题方式有以下几种：(1)Thebesttitle/headlineforthispassageis______.(2)Thepassage(orthefirstparagraph)ismainlyabout______.(3)Whatisthemainidea/topic/purpose/subjectofthepassage?(4)Whichofthefollowingtitlesbestsummarizesthemainideaofthepassage?(5)Thepassagechieflydiscusses/dealswith______.(6)Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthethemeofthepassage?(7)Thepassagemainlytellsusthat______.(8)Whichofthefollowingcanbestsumupthepassage?(9)What'sthebest/mostsuitabletitleofthistext/passage?如：(2012全国高考Ⅱ，D)ADDISABABA，Ethiopia—Oneoftheworld'smostfamousfossils(化石)—the3.2-31-\nmillion year oldLucyskeleton(骨骼)unearthedinEthiopiain1974—willgoonanexhibitiontourabroadforthefirsttimeintheUnitedStates，officialssaidTuesday.EventheEthiopianpublichasonlyseenLucytwice.TheLucyonexhibitionattheEthiopianNationalMuseuminthecapital，AddisAbaba，isareplicawhiletherealremainsareusuallylockedinasecretstoreroom.AteamfromtheMuseumofNationalScienceinHouston，Texas，spentfouryearsdiscussingwiththeEthiopiansfortheU．S.tour，whichwillstartinHoustonnextSeptember.“Ethiopia'srichcultureofboththepastandtoday，isoneofthebestkeptsecretsintheworld，”saidJoelBartsch，directoroftheHoustonmuseum.Thesix yeartourwillalsogotoWashington，NewYork，DenverandChicago.OfficialssaidsixotherU．S.citiesmaybeonthetour.Buttheysaidplanshadnotyetbeenworkedout.TravelingwithLucywillbe190otherfossils.Lucy，hernametakenfromaBeatlessongthatplayedinacampthenightofherdiscovery,ispartoftheskeletonofwhatwasoncea31/2 foot tallape man(猿人)．53．Theauthorwritesthistextmainlyto______.A．introduceafewU．S.museumsB．describesomeresearchworkC．discussthevalueofanape manD．reportacomingevent剖析：D 主旨大意题。本文是一篇新闻报道，所有新闻报道的主旨通常体现在报道的开头。由报道的开头“世界上最著名的化石之一将在美国进行首次国外展览”可知作者的写作目的是为了报道一件即将发生的事情。故选D项。这类题目要求在理解全文的情况下归纳文章要点，对全文的中心思想进行概括、总结和评价。考生需要分析文章的篇章结构，认真阅读文章的第一段或每段的第一个句子或最后一句，抓住文章开头的主题句或文章最后的结论，弄清作者的写作意图，综合归纳各段要点以把握文章的主题或大意，从而找出能概括文章主旨或中心思想的标题。4．词义猜测题词义猜测题常见的命题方式有以下几种：(1)Theword“...”inthepassagemeans______.(2)Theword“...”couldbebestreplacedby______.(3)Whichofthefollowingisnearest/closestinmeaningto______.(4)Theword“...”probablyrefersto______.(5)Accordingtothepassage，theword“...”isknownas______.如：(2012课标全国高考，A)Areyoulookingforsomenewandexcitingplacestotakeyourkidsto？Trysomeoftheseplaces：·Visitartmuseums.Theyofferavarietyofactivitiestoexciteyourkids'interest.Manyofferworkshopsformakinghand madepieces，travelingexhibits，booksignings(签名)bychildren'sfavoritewriters，andevenmusicalperformancesandotherarts.·Headtoanaturalhistorymuseum.Thisiswherekidscandiscoverthepastfromdinosaurmodelstorockcollectionsandpicturesofstarsinthesky.Also，askwhatkindofworkshopsandeducationalprogramsarepreparedforkidsandanyspecialeventsthatarecomingup.·GotoaYoutheater.Lookforoneinyourareaofferingplaysforchildandfamilyvisitors.Pre showplayshopsareconductedbyareaartistsandeducatorswherekidscandiscoverthesecretaboutperformingarts.Puppet(木偶)makingandstagemake uparejustacoupleofthespecialofferingsyoumightfind.·Tryhands onscience.Visitoneofthemanyhands onsciencemuseumsaroundthecountry.Thesescienceplay landsaregreatfunforkidsandgrown upsalike.They'll-31-\nkeepyourchildmentallyandphysicallyactivethewholedaythroughwhilepushingbuttons，experimenting，andbuilding.Wheneveryoneistired，enjoyafunfamilyscienceshow，commonlyfoundinthesemuseums.58．Whatdoes“hands onscience”meaninthelastparagraph?A．Sciencegamesdesignedbykids.B．Learningsciencebydoingthings.C．Ashowofkids'sciencework.D．Readingsciencebooks.剖析：B 词义猜测题。由“Tryhands onscience.”部分倒数第二句中的“...whilepushingbuttons，experimenting，andbuilding.”可知，在这个博物馆里，孩子和成年人都可以动手操作。故hands onscience是指“通过做事情而学习科学知识”。故选B项。英语词汇具有多义性，同一种意思可有不同的表达方式。词义猜测题要求对短文中某些词、词组或句子作出解释。做题时，一定要在理解全文的基础上，判断词语在文中的确切含义，决不可脱离原文进行解释，要从被考查词汇所处的语境和上下文的联系进行分析。如果出现thisis，thatistosay或破折号等，我们可以断定，后面的内容是对前面内容的解释；如果出现but，however，yet以及表示相反结果的onthecontrary，ontheotherhand等，我们可以从画线词语的相反意义去考虑。误区警示1．细节理解题易错点(2012江苏高考，A)WhatWouldYouWantMostonaDesertIsland?Thismonth'ssurveyshowspeopleworldwidehaveanaturalunderstandingofwhattheywouldneedmostifleftaloneonadesertisland：Anotherperson.Andonetheyknowwell.Respondents(调查对象)inall16countriessurveyedsaidtheirspouse(配偶)orpartnerwouldbetheirfirstchoicetohavewiththem.Perhapsthismakessense：AnMP3playercan'thelpyoufinddrinkingwater，yourdogcan'thelpyoustartafireandwhoknowsifGeorgeClooneyorPenélopeCruzhastakencoursesinwildernesssurvivaltraining？Let'sjusthopetheSOSsignyoutwobuildgetsspottedsoonerratherthanlater!Spouse/Partner82%oftheSouthAfricanwomensurveyedwouldmostwanttheirhusband/partnerwiththem，whilejust45%oftheIndianwomensurveyedagreed.Clooney/Cruz27%ofRussianmensurveyedwouldwantacelebrity(名人)along.Only2%oftheMexicanmenagreed.Lessthan18%ofwomenworldwidechosethisoption.MP3PlayerThiswassecondchoiceoverall，particularlyamongMalaysianmen，with32%saying-31-\nthey'dmostwantanMP3playerwiththeirfavoritesongs.Just5%eachofAustralianandAmericanmenagreed.DogInFrance,28%ofrespondentsolderthan45wouldmostwanttobeleftalonewiththeirdog，whilenotasingleRussianorMalaysianinthatagegroupsurveyedwouldmostwantFidoalong.56．Accordingtothesurvey，peopleleftaloneonadesertislandwouldmostwanttheir______.A．MP3player B．dogC．spouse/partnerD．celebrity【错混透析】C 细节理解题。根据第一段可知，留在孤岛上的人最需要一个熟悉的人，16个国家的被调查对象表示他们的第一选择是他们的配偶或伙伴。58．Thesurveyresultsareanalyzedintermsoftherespondents'______.A．sex，ageandnationalityB．race，nationalityandsexC．marriage，ageandraceD．age，sexandmarriage【错混透析】A 细节理解题。被调查的对象有42岁、28岁、25岁的，有女性，也有俄罗斯、墨西哥、澳大利亚和美国的男性，并且来自16个国家，所以答案为A项。【解题指导】细节理解题常见错误类型：(1)张冠李戴。把文章作者的观点与他人的观点混淆起来，题干问的是作者的观点，选项中出现的却是他人的观点；或者题干问的是他人的观点，却把作者的观点放到选项中去。或者是选项的答案并非是题干中主语的行为或观点，而是文中其他人物的行为或观点。(2)扩缩范围。英语文章为了表达准确、严密，很注意对范围的限定，有时通过加上almostall，nearly，morethan，normally，usually等词对文意加以限制，“扩缩范围”干扰法就是通过改变或去掉限制性词语，将信息中的范围、程度、色彩等改变，使该选项看似正确，实际上却是错误的。(3)无中生有。干扰项往往是生活的基本常识和普遍接受的观点，但在原文中并无相关的信息支持点，这种选项的设置往往与问题的设问毫不相干。此外，干扰项也可能就是与所阅读的文章内容没有任何联系。(4)偷梁换柱。干扰项用了与原文相似的句型结构和大部分相似的单词，却在不易引人注意的地方换了几个词汇，造成句意的改变。(5)文不对题。这类题最不容易辨别，选项中的描述与原文完全一致，确属原文中的一个细节，这时要回到题干，看该选项是否能回答题干所提的问题。2．推理判断题易错点(2012四川高考，A)Onahill600feetabovethesurroundingland，wewatchthelinesofrainmoveacrossthescene，themoonriseoverthehills，andthestarsappearinthesky.Theviewsinvitealonglookfromacomfortablechairinfrontofthewoodenhouse.Everywindowinourwoodenhousehasaview，andtheforestandlakesseldomlookthesameasthehourbefore.Eachlookremindsuswhereweare.Thereisspaceforourthreeboystoplayoutside，toshootarrows，collecttreeseeds，buildearthhousesandclimbtrees.Ourkidshavelearnedthenamesofthetrees，andwiththenameshavecomefamiliarityandappreciation.Astheytellallwhoshowevenapassinginterest，maple(枫树)makesthebestfightingsticksandwhitepinesarethebestclimbingtrees.Theairiscleanandfresh.Thewaterfromthewellhasapleasanttaste，anditisperhapsthehealthiestwaterourkidswilleverdrink.Thoughtheyhaveoneglassadayofjuiceandtherestiswater，theyneversayanythingagainstthat.-31-\nTheseasonschangejustoutsidethedoor.Wewatchthemaplesturneveryshadeofyellowandredinthefallandnotethepoplars'(杨树)puttingoutthefirstgreenleavesofspring.Therainbowsmeltfillsthelocalstreamastheicegraduallydisappears，andthewoodfrogsstarttosinginpoolsafterbeingfrozenforthewinter.Afamilyofbirdsrulesourskiesandfliesoverthelake.41．WhatcanbelearnedfromParagraph2?A．Thescenesarecolorfulandchangeable.B．Therearemanywindowsinthewoodenhouse.C．Theviewsremindusthatweareinawoodenhouse.D．Thelakesoutsidethewindowsarequitedifferentincolor.【错混透析】A 推理判断题。本段中提到，透过每扇窗户都会看到一番风景，森林和湖泊与一小时之前所见到的都不一样。据此可知，作者身居的环境是多彩和变幻的。故选A项。42．Bymentioningthenamesofthetrees，theauthoraimstoshowthat______.A．thekidslikeplayingintreesB．thekidsareveryfamiliarwithtreesC．thekidshavelearnedmuchknowledgeD．thekidsfindtreesusefullearningtools【错混透析】C 推理判断题。根据第四段话中“Ourkidshavelearnedthenamesofthetrees...”及“Astheytellall...whitepinesarethebestclimbingtrees.”可知孩子们已经了解了关于树的很多知识。故选C项。【解题指导】推理判断题常见错误类型：(1)未经推断。把文章中已经明确介绍或说明的内容误以为推理判断的结论。(2)凭空想象。凭主观想象或自己的常识理解文章中的细节，而不是凭借文章信息进行推理，缺乏文章信息的支持。(3)断章取义。能够找到文章的信息依据，但理解片面，缺乏思维的严密性。3．主旨大意题易错点(2012课标全国高考，B)HoneyfromtheAfricanforestisnotonlyakindofnaturalsugar，itisalsodelicious.Mostpeople，andmanyanimals，likeeatingit.However，theonlywayforthemtogetthathoneyistofindawildbees'nestandtakethehoneyfromit.Often，thesenestsarehighupintrees，anditisdifficulttofindthem.InpartsofAfrica，though，peopleandanimalslookingforhoneyhaveastrangeandunexpectedhelper—alittlebirdcalledahoneyguide.Thehoneyguidedoesnotactuallylikehoney，butitdoeslikethewaxinthebeehives(蜂房)．Thelittlebirdcannotreachthiswax，whichisdeepinsidethebees'nest.So，whenitfindsasuitablenest，itlooksforsomeonetohelpit.Thehoneyguidegivesaloudcrythatattractstheattentionofbothpassinganimalsandpeople.Onceithastheirattention，itfliesthroughtheforest，waitingfromtimetotimeforthecuriousanimalorpersonasitleadsthemtothenest.Whentheyfinallyarriveatthenest，thefollowerreachesintogetatthedelicioushoneyasthebirdpatientlywaitsandwatches.Someofthehoney，andthewax，alwaysfallstotheground，andthisiswhenthehoneyguidetakesitsshare.Scientistsdonotknowwhythehoneyguidelikeseatingthewax，butitisverydeterminedinitseffortstogetit.Thebirdsseemtobeabletosmellwaxfromalongdistanceaway.Theywillquicklyarrivewheneverabeekeeperistakinghoneyfromhisbeehives，andwillevenenterchurcheswhenbeeswaxcandlesarebeinglit.63．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．WildBeesB．WaxandHoneyC．BeekeepinginAfricaD．Honey Lover'sHelper【错混透析】D 主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了能够作为蜂蜜向导的小鸟，所以标题应为Honey Lover'sHelper。-31-\n【解题指导】主旨大意题常见错误类型：(1)以偏概全。要么抓不住文章的主题、脉络，理解偏离中心或断章取义、信息紊乱、不知所云，要么就是误把细节或具体事实当作文章的主题或只抓住了主题的一个侧面就误以为是主题。(2)范围过大。归纳的主题太泛，与细节脱节或是没有对细节加以充分论证。干扰项归纳、概括笼统，超过文章实际所讨论的内容。(3)主观臆断。做题时全凭自我感觉先入为主、自以为是。所选的答案往往超出文章的内容或背离作者的意图，以自己的观点代替作者的观点。(4)繁琐冗长。不注意文章标题的特点，所选答案语言不够凝练、精彩、吸引人。4．词义猜测题易错点(2012北京高考，B)PeanutstoThisProudlyreadingmywords，Iglancedaroundtheroom，onlytofindmyclassmatesbearingbigsmilesontheirfacesandtearsintheireyes.Confused，Iglancedtowardmystone facedteacher.Havingnochoice，IslowlyraisedthereportIhadslavedover，hopingtohidemyself.“Whatcouldbecausingeveryonetoactthisway？”Quickly，IflashedbacktothedayMissLancelotgavemethetask.ThiswasthefirstrealtaskIreceivedinmynewschool.Itseemedsimple：goontheInternetandfindinformationaboutamannamedGeorgeWashington.Sincemyideaofhistorycamefromanancientteacherinmyhomecountry，Ihadneverheardofthatnamebefore.AsIsearchedthenameofthisfellow，itbecameevidentthatthereweretwopeoplebearingthesamenamewholookedcompletelydifferent!Oneinventedhundredsofusesforpeanuts，whiletheotherledsomesortofarmyacrossAmerica.Istaredatthescreen，wonderingwhichonemyteachermeant.Icalledmygrandfatherforagoldenpieceofadvice：flip(掷)acoin.Heads—thecommander，andtails—thepeanutguy.Ah!Tails，myreportwouldbeaboutthegreatmanwhoinventedpeanutbutter，GeorgeWashingtonCarver.peanutWeekslater，standingbeforethisunfriendlymass，Iwastotallylost.Ohwell，Iloweredthepaperandsatdownatmydesk，burningtofindoutwhatIhaddonewrong.Asaclassmatebeganhisreport，itallbecameclear，“MyreportisonGeorgeWashington，themanwhostartedtheAmericanRevolution.”Thewholeworldbecamequiet!HowcouldIknowthatshemeantthatGeorgeWashington?Obviously，mygradewasawful.Heartbrokenbutfearless，Idecidedtoturnthisaround.ItalkedtoMissLancelot，butsheinsisted：Nore dos;nonewgrade.Ifeltthatthepunishmentwasnotjustified，andIbelievedIdeservedasecondchance.Consequently，Ithrewmyselfheartilyintomyworkfortherestoftheschoolyear.Tenmonthslater，thatchanceunfoldedasIfoundmyselfsittingintheheadmaster'sofficewithmygrandfather，nowhavinganentirelydifferentconversation.Ismiledandflashedbacktotheembarrassingmomentatthebeginningoftheyearastheheadmasterinformedmeofmyoptiontoskipthesixthgrade.Justiceissweet!62．Theunderlinedword“burning”inPara.3probablymeans______.A．annoyed B．ashamedC．ready D．eager【错混透析】D 词义猜测题。根据本段内容不难看出，我当时有点茫然不知所措，静静地坐在位子上，急于想知道我究竟错在哪里，结果有一位同学给出了答案。故此处burning-31-\n意为“急切的”，故D项正确。【解题指导】词义猜测题常见错误类型：(1)望文生义。仅仅理解了单词或短语的字面意义，而忽略了其真实的内在意义。(2)缺乏依据。忽视画线词语所处的特定语境和上下文的信息提示。1(2012山东5月仿真冲刺一，C)WhitneyHouston，whodiedonFebruary11,2012inBeverlyHills，California，isbeingrememberedacrosstheglobeasatrailblazer(开拓者)．AmongallofHouston'soutstandingachievements，includingatotalofmorethan400careerawards，hermostsignificantachievementwasherrecord settingstringofsevenNumberOnesinglesontheBillboardHot100chart.ItbrokethepreviousrecordofsixsetbyTheBeeGeesandTheBeatles.ThestringbeganonOctober26,1985withherGrammy winninghit“SavingAllMyLoveForYou”，andendedonApril23,1988withherR&Bballad“WhereDoBrokenHeartsGo”．Itwasthefourthsinglefromheralbum“Whitney”togotoNumberOne，alsoarecordforafemaleartist.Shesoldmorethan170millionalbumsworldwideandco producedandrecordedsongsforoneofthebest sellingsoundtracks(声带)ofalltime，TheBodyguard.WhitneyHoustonwasbornthedaughterofthefamedgospel(福音)singerCissyHoustoninNewark，NewJersey.DionneWarwickwashercousinandArethaFranklinhergodmother.Shebeganasagospelsingerandpianistinhermother'schurchandsometimesperformedalongsideherinnightclubs.Atage15，WhitneysangbackuponChakaKhan's“I'mEveryWoman”，atuneshelaterperformedonTheBodyguardsoundtrack.WhitneysignedwithAristain1983andreleasedherself titleddebutalbumtwoyearslater.TheNewYorkTimescalledherfirsteffort，“animpressive，musicallyconservativeshowcase(展示)foranexceptionalvocaltalent(声乐天才)”．Shecontinuedtoachievesimilarpraiseforsubsequentalbums，whileherfast growingfanbaseputherintotheworld classentertainer.In1998，shereleasedhermostmusically diversealbumtodate，“MyLoveIsYourLove”．Thetitletrackbecameherthirdbest sellingsingleever.Thepast10yearswerefilledwithhighsandlows.WhileWhitney'scontractatAristaRecordswasrenewedfor$100million，albumsalesbegantoslide.Her14 yearmarriagetosingerBobbyBrownendedin2007，shecanceledconcertsandinterviews，andaccusationaroseofdrugabuse.HerfinalalbumILookToYou，soldmorethantwomillioncopiesandreachedtheNumberOnespotin2009.1．What'sWhitneyHouston'smostoutstandingachievement?A．Sellingmorethan170millionalbumsworldwide.B．Her400careerawards.C．Hervocaltalent.D．Herrecord settingstringofsevenNumberOnesingles.2．Accordingtothetext，Whitney______.A．wasborninagospelsingerfamilyB．releasedherfamousalbumattheageof15C．soldthemostofthealbumsworldwideD．firstsignedwithAristain19853．WhatwasWhitneyaccusedof?A．HerdivorcewithBobbyBrown.B．Herconflictwithherformerhusband.C．Thecanceledconcertsandinterviews.D．Drugabuse.-31-\n4．WhendidWhitneyreleaseherfirstself titledalbum?A．In1983. B．In1985.C．In1989.D．In1987.5．Whatisthemainideaofthefirstparagraph?A．Whitney'ssuccess.B．Whitney'sachievements.C．Whitney'sbestsingles.D．Whitney'smusictalents.2Justwhatisatigermother？AmyChuaisalawprofessoratAmerica'sYaleUniversityandherrecentbookonthesubjectismakingwaves.She'sbeencalled“dangerous”，“outrageous”，evena“monster”forherdescriptionsofhowshebroughtuphertwodaughters.HerbookBattleHymnoftheTigerMotherdescribesfightingwithadaughterforhoursatthepianotoensurethechildgetsapieceofmusicright.Sherejectedbirthdaycardsmadeforherbyhergirlsbecauseshedidn'tthinktheyhadmadeenougheffort.Shecomparedonechildnegativelywiththeother，threateningtoburntheirtoys.Herrulesinclude：schoolworkalwayscomesfirst;anA minusisabadgrade;childrenmustbetwoyearsaheadoftheirclassmatesinmath，andplayingtheviolinorthepianoisamust.Ms.ChuaconsiderstheChinesehardworkethicasawayofcreatinghappy，successfulchildren—atleastinhercase.Althoughshe'shadalargeamountofflakforhertheories，onethingcan'tbeignored—thesuccessofChinesechildrenintheeducationsystem.InBritain，shockingresearchshowsthatChinesegirls，forexample，areoutperformingallotherforeigngroupsatGCSE—79percentgetting5A CGrades，comparedwith58percentofwhiteBritishgirls.SowhatisitaboutChineseparentingthat'sleadingtohighachievers？AndhowdoAmyChua'stheoriesplayintothatsuccess?Shetoldmethatifherdaughtercamebackfromschoolwith96/100inatest，Chuawouldaskherwhathappenedtotheother4points.It'saboutalwaysknowing“youcandobetter”，shetoldme.Interestingly，inChina，thebirthplaceofthetigermother，peoplearemovingawayfromtraditionalChineseparenting.Theyarefollowingmorewesternparentingstyles.1．AfterreadingAmyChua'srecentbook，thepublic______.A．feelverysorryfortheirownchildrenB．considerheraverysuccessfulmotherC．realizetheirmethodsofbringingupchildrenarewrongD．don'tthinkhighlyofhermethodsofbringingupherchildren2．WhatcanwelearnaboutAmyChuaaccordingtoParagraph2?A．Sheisverystrictwithherchildren.B．Shedoesn'tthinkherchildrenareclever.C．Sheisveryinterestedinplayingthepiano.D．Sheknowsplayingisimportanttochildren.3．Paragraph4showsthat______.A．Chineseparentsdon'tthinkgradesareveryimportantB．ChinesechildrenareclevererthanBritishchildrenC．ChineseparentsareproudoftheirchildrenD．Chinesechildrendowellintheirstudy4．Theunderlinedword“flak”inthethirdparagraphprobablymeans“______”．A．attentionB．criticismC．curiosityD．contribution-31-\n5．Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat______.A．AmyChuawillchangehermethodsB．AmyChuaconsidershermethodsusefulC．AmyChua'schildrendon'tlovetheirmotherD．AmyChua'schildrenpreferwesternparentingstyles3MartinwasreturningtoworkinhisLondonofficeafterspendingtwoweekswithhisbrotherinNewYork.Hewascomingbackwithaheavyheart.Itwasnotjustthatitwastheendofawonderfulholiday;itwasnotjustthatheinvariablysufferedbadlyfromjetlag(时差);itwasthatMondaymorningsalwaysbeganwithateammeetingand，overthemonths，hehadgrowntohatethem.Martinwasawarethatcolleaguesapproachedthesemeetingswithhiddenagendas;theyindulgedin(沉溺于)gameplaying;andheknewthatpeoplewerenotbeinghonestandopen.Themeetingsthemselveswerebadenough—therewasallthemoaningafterwardsatthemeetinglike“Icouldhaveimprovedonthatidea，butIwasn'tgoingtosay”．Asthismorning'smeetingbegan，Martinpreparedhimselffortheusualdullnessandboredom.But，asthemeetingprogressed，hebecameawareofastrangebackgroundnoise.Atfirst，hethoughtthathewasstillhearingtheenginenoisefromtheaircraftthathadbroughthimbacktoLondon.But，asheconcentratedonthenoise，itbecamealittleclearer.Herealized，tohisamazement，thathecouldactuallyhearwhattheywerethinkingatthesametimeastheywerespeaking.Whatsurprisedhim，evenmorethantheacquisition(获得)ofthisstrangepower，wasthathediscoveredthatwhatpeopleweresayingwasnotreallywhattheywerethinking.Theywerenotmakingcleartheirreservations.Theywerenotsupportingviewswhichtheythoughtmightbepopular.Theywerenotcontributingtheirnewinsights.Theywerenotvolunteeringtheirnewideas.Martinfounditimpossiblenottorespondtohisnewknowledge.Sohestartedtomakegentleinterventions，basedmoreonwhathecouldhearhiscolleaguesthinkingthanonwhathecouldhearthemsaying.“So，John，areyoureallysaying...”“Susan，doyoureallythinkthat？”“Tom，haveyougotanideaonhowwecouldtakethisforward？”Theylookedathim，puzzled.Intruth，hefeltratherproudofhisnewly acquiredtalent.Asthemeetingprogressed，itwascleartohimthateachmemberofthemeetingwaslearninghowtohearthethoughtsoftheothers.Thegameplayingstartedtofallaway;peoplestartedtospeakmoredirectly;viewsbecamebetterunderstood;theatmospherebecamemoreopenandtrusting.Themeetingended.Aspeoplelefttheroom，Martinfoundthathecouldstillhearwhattheywerethinking.“Thatwasthebestmeetingwe'veeverhad.”“Allmeetingsshouldbelikethat.”“Infuture，I'mgoingtosaywhatIthink”．1．ItisknownfromthefirstparagraphthatMartin______.A．justcamebackfromhisbusinesstripinNewYorkB．wasfoundtosufferfromaseriousheartdiseaseduringthetripC．hadagoodtimeduringhisfortnight'sstayinNewYorkD．didn'tlikehisworkinhisLondonoffice2．WhydidMartinhatehiscompany'steammeeting?A．BecauseithadtobeheldeveryMondaymorning.B．Becausehewastiredofhostingsuchameeting.C．Becausehecouldn'tcontrolthemeetingthatwasoutoforder.D．Becausethemeetingatmospherewasn'topenandtrusting.3．Theunderlinedpart“hisnewly acquiredtalent”inParagraph5meansthat-31-\nhecould______.A．stillheartheenginenoiseoftheplanethoughhewasbackB．clearlyhearwhatthemembersofthemeetingweresayingC．actuallycontrolthethoughtsofthemembersofthemeetingD．expresswhatthemeetingmemberswerethinkingbasedontheirwordsandtheirthoughts4．WhatdoweknowaboutthisMondaymorning'smeetingfromthepassage?A．Martinmadepeoplesaywhattheywerethinkingimmediatelythemeetingbegan.B．Martinwasangryatthedullnessofthemeetingatthebeginningofthemeetingallthetime.C．Martinledpeopletoexpresstheirrealthoughtswiththemeetingprogressing.D．Manymembersofthemeetingplayedgamesandtoldliesatthemeetingallthetime.5．ItisinferredfromthelasttwoparagraphsthattowardstheendofthemeetingMartinwouldhearsuchwordsas“______”．A．Iwasthinkingofmakingasuggestion—butIcouldn'tbebotheredB．Ihavegotanideaonhowwecouldtakethisforward.Ithinkweshould...C．Theusualpeoplesaytheusualthings，soIhavenoothernewideasD．Icouldhaveimprovedonthatidea，butIwasn'tgoingtosay4Therehasbeenanoutpouringoflovefora23 year olddisabledwomanwhosedogwaskilledinfrontofherwhileagroomer(美容师)triedtotrim(修剪)itsclaws.CallsandemailscamefromasfarawayastheUpperPeninsulaandArizonaaswellasOaklandandMacombcounties，offeringLaurieCrouch，whousesawheelchairbecauseofmultiplesclerosis(硬化症)，everythingfromdogstomoney，suchasthatfromJasonDalyofRosevillewhosaid，“Iwouldliketobuyheranewdog.”AstoryaboutthedeathofCrouch'spet，Gooch，wasprintedonthefrontpageofMacombDaily.CrouchsaidagroomertiedGoochupwithacollar，andthensheandamansatonthedogtotrimitsnails.Goochdiedafteroneclawwastrimmed.CrouchyelledatthegroomertostopwhenshesawGoochwasstrugglingtobreathe，butshesaidshewasignored.“IfIcouldhavewalked，Iwouldhaveputmyhandsonherandpulledheroffmydogandphysicallystoppedher，butIcan'tdothat.”Goochwasnotatrainedserviceanimal，butnaturallyhelpedCrouchbypickingupthingsforher.“Thiscaseisabsoluteanimalabuse(虐待)，”LarryObrecht，divisionmanageroftheOaklandCountyAnimalShelterinAuburnHills，said.PeoplewhoreadthestorycontactedOaklandPresstoofferhelp.Amessage，fromRebeccaAmettofGigglesNWigglesPuppyRescue，inRoseville，said，“Wehavepuppiestodonateandwanttohelptheyoungwomanwholostherservicedog.”“WhenGoochwaswithme，Iwashappy，”Crouchsaid.“IthinkIcanbehappyagainbutnoanimalcanreplaceGooch.There'snevergoingtobeanotherGoochouttherebutIthinkIwillfindadogthatcanbringmejoyagain.”1．Whatdoesthepassagemainlytellus?A．Adisabledwoman'sservicedog.B．Acruelgroomerkilledadisabledwoman'sdog.C．People'sloveforadisabledwomanwholostherdog.D．Adisabledwomanlovestohavethedogascompany.2．Peoplecalledandemailedto______.A．givetheirangryvoicetothegroomer-31-\nB．offerhelpandcaretoLaurieCrouchC．tellCrouchhowtopunishthegroomerD．offeracureforCrouch'sdisease3．Goochdiedmainlybecause______.A．thegroomerwascarelessB．thegroomerdidn'tknowhowtotrimthedog'snailsC．thegroomersatonthedogwithanothermanD．thedogwaswearingacollar4．WhatdoweknowaboutCrouch'sdog?A．Itwasaspeciallytrainedservicedog.B．Itwastrainedtodomanythingsforpeople.C．ItwasCrouch'sonlyfriend.D．ItcouldoffersomehelptoCrouch.5．Wecaninferfromthepassagethat______.A．CrouchmustbesadafterlosingherdogB．CrouchrefusedtotakeanotherdogC．CrouchhasacceptedanotherdogfromastrangerD．Crouchcanlivewellwithoutadog'scompany5(2012济南一中高三5月仿真，C)AbabyborninIndiahasbeendeclaredtheworld'ssevenbillionthpersonbychildrightsgroupPlanInternational.BabyNargiswasbornat07：25localtime(01：55GMT)inMallvillageinIndia'sUttarPradeshstate.PlanInternationalsaysNargishasbeenchosensymbolicallyasitisnotpossibletoknowwhereexactlythesevenbillionthbabyisborn.InadditiontobabyNargisinIndia，Bangladesh，thePhilippinesandCambodiahaveallidentifiedsevenbillionthbabies.TheUnitedNationsestimatedthatonMonday31October，theworld'spopulationwouldreachsevenbillion.PopulationsaregrowingfasterthaneconomiesinmanypoorcountriesinAfricaandsomeinAsia.Atthesametime，lowbirthratesinJapanandmanyEuropeannationshaveraisedconcernsaboutlaborshortages.PopulationexpertsattheUnitedNationsestimatedthattheworldreachedsixbillioninOctober1999.Theypredictninebillionby2050andtenbillionbytheendofthecentury.China'spopulationofoneandathirdbillioniscurrentlytheworld'slargest.Indiaissecondat1.2billion.ButIndiaisexpectedtopassChinaandreachoneandahalfbillionpeoplearound2025.Indiawillalsohaveoneoftheworld'syoungestpopulations.Economistssaythisisachanceforaso calleddemographicdividend.Indiacouldgainfromtheskillsofyoungpeopleinagrowingeconomyatatimewhenothercountrieshaveagingpopulations.Buteconomistssaycurrentratesofgrowth，althoughhigh，maynotcreateenoughjobs.Also，thepubliceducationsystemisfailingtomeetdemandandschoolingisoftenofpoorquality.Anotherconcernishealthcare.NearlyhalfofIndia'schildrenundertheageoffivearemalnourished(营养不良)．MichalRutkowski，thedirectorofhumandevelopmentinSouthAsiaattheWorldBank，saysreachingsevenbillionpeopleintheworldisagoodtimeforacalltoaction.Hesays，“Ithinkthebottomlineofthestoryisthatthepublicpolicyneedstobecomereally，reallyseriousaboutsexequalityandaboutaccesstoservices—tofightagainstmalnutrition，andtoprovideforaccesstohealthservices，waterandschooling.”1．Whatistrueabouttheworld'ssevenbillionthperson?A．BabyNargisisnottheonlychildchosenasthesevenbillionthbaby.B．BabyNargishasbeenchosencarefullysoitisexactlythesevenbillionth-31-\nbaby.C．ThreecountrieshavealldeclaredBabyNargisasthesevenbillionthbaby.D．TheUnitedNationsdeclaredBabyNargisastheworld'ssevenbillionthperson.2．WhichofthefollowingproblemsdomanyEuropeancountriesworryabout?A．Laborshortage.B．Poorhealthcare.C．Notenoughjobs.D．Schoolingofpoorquality.3．Accordingtopopulationexperts，howlongwillittakeforpopulationtogrowfromsixbilliontoninebillion?A．About12years.B．About40years.C．About50years.D．About110years.4．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“demographicdividend”inthefourthparagraphreferto?A．Possibilityoflowerbirthrate.B．Benefitgainedbyworkingyoungpeople.C．Chancesformoreemployment.D．Disadvantagescausedbyagingpopulation.5．WhichofthefollowingpublicpoliciesdoesMichalRutkowskicallon?A．Toencouragelatemarriage.B．Toreduceworld'spopulation.C．Togaineconomicequality.D．Toimprovehealthandeducation.6SHANGHAI—HealthexpertsinShanghaiarecallingformoreprotectionforyoungchildrenasthelatestresearchshowsabouthalfoftheyoungstersaresufferingfromsecond handsmoke.About45percentofchildrensufferpassivesmokinginfamilies,50percentinpublicplaces，andalmost6percentonpublictransportation，showsaresearchreleasedbytheShanghaiChildren'sMedicalCenteronTuesday.“Notonlyadultsbutalsochildrenandnewbornbabiesareatriskfortheadverseeffectsofpassivesmoking，”saidTangJingyan，adoctorattheShanghaiChildren'sMedicalCenter.“Actually，thoseyoungchildrenwhosebodiesarestillgrowinganddevelopingaremoresensitivetotheeffectsofsecondhandsmoke.”Researchhasshownthatchildrenwhoareexposedtosecondhandsmokewillsufferfrommorecolds，coughsandsorethroats，andtheyaremorelikelytosufferfrombronchitis，pneumoniaandwillhaveahigherriskofdevelopingcancer.Doctorsevensuggestedthatchildrensufferingpassivesmokingaremorelikelytohavebehavioralproblemsandmaynotdevelopmentallyasquicklyastheirpeers.OtherresearchbytheShanghaiChildren'sMedicalCenterhasfoundthatmorethan80percentofchildpatientsinthecenterliveinasmoke filledhousehold，whereoneorbothparentssmoke.“Thoughdoctorshavestressedtheharmofpassivesmokingoverandover，itisstillhardtoreachatotallysmoke freehome，”saidapediatriciannamedZhangYiwen，notingthatparentsareoftentemptedtosmokeeventhoughtheyhavelearnedtheharmfuleffectsofsecondhandsmoke.Chinahas540millionpeoplesufferingfrompassivesmoke,180millionofthemyoungerthan15.Theageofsmokersisalsogettinglower，earlierreportssaid.“Therearemoreyoungsmokersthanbefore.Youcanseeyoungpeoplewearingaschooluniformandcarryingaschoolbaglightacigaretteonthestreet.Someofthemareevenfemalestudents，”saidJingXingming，aprofessorofchildren's-31-\ndevelopmentalbehavioratthecenter.“Childrenliketoimitateadults，especiallytheirparents.Ifparentsoftensmokeathome，itisverylikelychildrenwilldevelopasmokinghabit，whichcancauseaviciouscircle，”Jinsaid.ReportsfromtheMinistryofHealthsaidChinahasabout350millionsmokers，ofwhom15millionareunderagesmokers.Also，around40millionofthecountry's130millionchildrenagedbetween13and18hadtriedsmoking，and15millionhadbecomeaddictedtotobacco.1．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A．Abouthalfoftheyoungstersaresufferingfromsecondhandsmoke.B．Expertsarecallingformoreprotectionforyoungstersfromsmoking.C．Moreandmoreyoungstersarepickingupthehabitofsmoking.D．Smokingdoesgreatharmtothehealthoftheyoungsters.2．Whichyoungstersmostpossiblydevelopahabitofsmoking?A．Childrenofnonsmokingmothers.B．Childrenofnonsmokingfathers.C．Childrenofheavysmokers.D．Childrenfromsomesmokingcenters.3．Whichofthefollowingdiseasemaynotbeconnectedwithsecondhandsmoking?A．Cancer.B．Behavioralproblems.C．Sorethroats.D．Coughs.4．Theunderlinedword“vicious”intheeleventhparagraphmostprobablymeans______.A．completeB．simpleC．greatD．bad5．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A．About80percentofthechildrenintheShanghaiChildren'sMedicalCentersmokeheavily.B．About45percentofchildrensufferpassivesmokingintheShanghaiChildren'sMedicalCenter.C．About540millionpeopleareheavysmokersinChina.D．Childrenagedbetween13to18aremorelikelyaddictedtosmoking.7ThecrisisatJapan'sFukushimaDai Ichinuclearenergycenterhasraisedquestionsaboutthefutureofthenuclearenergyindustry.ArjunMakhijaniispresidentoftheInstituteforEnergyandEnvironmentalResearchintheUnitedStates.HesaysthedisasterinJapanishistoric.Thisweek，thechairmanofAmerica'snuclearagencysaidthereislittlechancethattheharmfulradiationfromJapancouldreachtheUnitedStates.NuclearRegulatoryCommissionChairmanGregoryJaczkoalsosaidAmericahasastrongprograminplacetodealwithearthquakethreats.NonewnuclearpowercentershavebeenbuiltintheUnitedStatessince1979.ThatwaswhenAmerica'sworstnuclearaccidenthappenedattheThreeMileIslandcenterinPennsylvania.Theaccidentbegantoturnpublicopinionagainstnuclearenergy.Tosupportmorecleanenergyproduction，theObamagovernmenthasbeenseekingbillionsofdollarsingovernmentloanguaranteestobuildnewcenters.Presently，abouttwentypercentofelectricityintheUnitedStatescomesfromnuclearenergy.Butcriticssaynuclearpoweristoocostlyanddangeroustobeworthfurtherexpansion.GermanPrimeMinisterAngelaMerkelsaidGermanywouldcloseallsevennuclearpowercentersforamomentwhileenergypolicyisreconsidered.TheEuropeanUnionisplanningtotestallcentersinitstwentysevenmembernations.-31-\nDevelopingnationsarelesswillingtoslownuclearexpansion.Chinasaiditwouldcontinuewithplanstobuildabouttwentyfivenewnuclearplants.AndIndia，underacooperationagreementwiththeUnitedStates，planstospendbillionsonnewcentersinthecomingyears.Japanhasmadenuclearenergyanationalprioritysincethe1970s.Unlikemanymajoreconomies，Japanimportseightypercentofitsenergy.TheNuclearEnergyInstitutesaidtwentyninepercentofJapan'selectricitycamefromnuclearsourcesin2011.Thegovernmenthasplannedtoincreasethattofortypercentby2017.Nuclearplantssupplyfourteenpercentofglobalelectricity.Nuclearenergyisacleanresource，producingnocarbongases.Butradioactivewasteisaseriousunresolved(未解决的)issue.SoisthepresenceofnuclearpowercentersinearthquakeareasliketheonenearBushehr，Iran.1．Whichofthefollowingcountriesistheleastlikelytoexpanditsuseofnuclearenergy?A．China.B．India.C．Iran.D．Germany.2．ThegovernmentofJapanintendedtoincreaseitsnuclearenergyin2017by______comparedwith2011.A．29%B．40%C．69%D．11%3．WhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheuseofnuclearpowerintheU．S.isTRUE?A．MostoftheelectricitycomesfromnuclearenergyintheU．S.B．TheObamagovernmentisagainstbuildingnuclearpowerplants.C．Asmallnumberofnuclearpowerplantshavebeenbuiltsince1979.D．AseriousnuclearaccidenthappenedinAmericaattheendofthe1970s.4．What'sthemainideaofthispassage?A．ThenuclearcrisisinJapanhasspreadtootherpartsoftheworld.B．Thesituationoftheworld'snuclearpowerdevelopmentafterthecrisisinJapan.C．Japan'snucleardisasterwillslowtheexpansionofnuclearplantsallovertheworld.D．Japan'snucleardisasterwon'taffectthenuclearenergyproductioninothercountries.5．Fromthelastsentenceofthepassage，wecanseethewriter'sattitudetowardsbuildinganuclearpowerplantnearBushehr，Iranis______.A．supportiveB．optimisticC．negativeD．uncertain8(2012山东菏泽高三月考，D)Ifcarshadwings，theycouldflyandthatjustmighthappen，beginningin2013.ThecompanyTerrafugia，basedinWoburn，Massachusetts，saysitplanstodeliveritscar plane，theTransition，tocustomersbytheendof2013.“It'sthenext‘wow’vehicle，”saidTerrafugiavicepresidentRichardGersh，“AnybodycanbuyaFerrari，butaswesay，Ferrarisdon'tfly.”-31-\nThecar planehaswingsthatunfoldforflying—aprocessthecompanysaystakesoneminute—andfoldbackupfordriving.Arunwayisstillrequiredtotakeoffandland.TheTransitionisbeingmarketedmoreasaplanethatdrivesthanacarthatflies，althoughitisboth.ThecompanyhasbeenworkingwithFAAtomeetaircraftregulations，andwiththeNationalHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministrationtomeetvehiclesafetyregulations.ThecompanyisaimingtoselltheTransitiontoprivatepilotsasamoreconvenientandcheaperwaytofly.Theysayitsavesyouthetroublefromtryingtofindanothermodeoftransportationtogettoandfromairports：Youdrivethecartotheairportandthenyou'regoodtogo.Whenyouland，youfoldupthewingsandhittheroad.Therearenoexpensiveparkingfeesbecauseyoudon'thavetostoreitatanairport—youparkitinthegarageathome.Thecar planeisdesignedtoflyprimarilyunder10,000feet.Ithasamaximumtakeoffweightof1,430pounds，includingfuelandpassengers.TerrafugiasaystheTransitionreducesthepotentialforanaccidentbyallowingpilotstodriveunderbadweatherinsteadofflyingintomarginal(临界)conditions.TheTransition'spricetag：$194,000.Buttheremaybeadditionalchargesforoptionslikearadio，transponderorGPS.Anotheroptionisafull planeparachute.“Ifyougetintoaveryawfulsituation，itisthenecessarysafetyoption，”Gershsaid.Sofar，thecompanyhasmorethan70orderswithdeposits.“We'reworkingverycloselywiththem，buttherearestillsomeremainingsteps，”Brownsaid.1．Wecanlearnfromthefirstparagraphthat______.A．car planeswillbepopularin2013B．peoplemightdriveacar planein2013C．bothTransitionandFerraricantakeoffandlandD．RichardGershisthevicepresidentofMassachusetts2．Ittakesthecar planeoneminuteto______.A．foldandunfolditswingsB．unfoldwingsforflyingC．landintheairportD．meetflyingsafetyregulations3．Accordingtothepassage，whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A．Thecar planeneedsarunwaytotakeoffandland.B．Tomeetaircraftregulations，thecompanyhasbeenworkingwithFAA.C．Thecar planemayflyashighasnormalplanes.D．Peoplecanparkthecar planeinthegarageattheirhome.4．Theunderlinedword“it”inthelastbutoneparagraphrefersto______.A．theradioB．thetransponderC．theGPSD．thefull planeparachute5．What'sthebesttitleforthepassage?A．CarsWithWingsMayBeJustAroundTheCorner.B．WhichtoChoose：AFerrarioraCar plane?C．AMoreConvenientandCheaperWaytoFly.D．CarsWithWingsCanFlyasFastasPlanes.9SpringtimeinParisDepartures：May5,12,19andJune9.4daysfor$129perperson.Parisinthespringtimewas，isandalwayswillbesomethingratherspecial.Why-31-\nnotexperienceitforyourselfwiththisexcellentbreakforfourdays？Thisattractivecityhassomethingtooffereveryoneandwithpriceatjust$129—it'sgreatvaluetoo.Yourbreakbeginswithexecutivecoach(长途公共汽车)transferfromregional(各地的)pickuppointsandthetraveltoParisisviacross channelferry，arrivingatyourhotelintheevening.TheIbisisanexcellentqualityhotelwithprivatefacilitiesinallrooms：satelliteTV，radio，telephoneandalarmclock.IthasabarandarestaurantandissituatedabouttwomilessouthofNotreDame，enablingyoutoexplorePariswithease.Thefollowingday，aftercontinentalbreakfast(included)，thecoachtakesyouonacomprehensivesightseeingtourofthecity，duringwhichyouwillseetheEiffelTower，ChampsElysees，L'ArcdeTriomphe，theLouvre，infactalmosteveryfamouslandmarkyoueverhaveheardof.YouthenleaveParisandtakeashortdrivetothemagnificentPalaceofVersailles，thehomeofLouisⅪⅤ.Thetourendsmid afternoonbackinPariswhereyouwillhavetheremainderofthedayatyourleisure.Intheeveningthereisa“ParisByNight”tourshowingyouthebeautifulbuildingswithbrightlights.DaythreetakesyoutoMontmartre，perhapsthemostpicturesquequarterofParisandhomeoftheSacreCoeurandtheMoulinRouge.Intheafternoonyouarefreetoexplorethisbeautifulcityasyouwish，perhapsapleasurevoyageontheRiverSeine，wanderingaroundthepicturesquegardensorlookingthroughamongtheantiqueshops.Intheeveningyouwillhavetheopportunitytovisitthebestnightclubinthecity，thesplendidPatin.Onthefinaldayit'sbacktotheUKviachannelferry.Includedinthepriceof$129perperson：*ReturnexecutivecoachtraveltoParis；*Returnferrycrossings；*3nightsaccommodationinatwin beddedroominaCentralParishotelwithprivatefacilities；*Continentalbreakfastduringyourstay；*Guidedsightseeingtourof“ParisByDay”and“ParisByNight”；*VisittoChateauofVersailles(admissionnotincluded)；*TourofMontmartre；*Servicesofanexperiencedbilingualtourguideatalltimes.1．Thisadvertisementismainly______.A．totelltouriststheroutetoParisB．toshowthepriceoftravelingtoParisC．tointroducethecityofParisD．toattracttouriststoParis2．DuringthestayinParis，thetouristswill______.A．haveafreetimeofhalfdayB．havea“ParisByNight”onthefirsteveningC．haveapleasurevoyageontheRiverSeinetogetherD．liveinahoteltwomilesawayfromParis3．Theunderlinedword“quarter(Para.4)”isusedinthetexttoreferto______.A．periodoftimeB．districtC．fourthpartD．exhibition4．Afterpaying$129，thetouristswillhavetopay______inParis.A．thecontinentalbreakfastsB．touronMontmartre-31-\nC．admissiontickettoChateauofVersaillesD．servicesofabilingualtourguide5．Welearnfromthetextthat______.A．thetouristscantelephoneinIbiswithoutpayingB．thetouristswillspendthenightinParadisLatinonthethirddayC．PalaceofVersaillesisnotinthecenterofParisD．itwilltakeyoualongtimetogettoMontmartrefromParis10Peoplehavebeenactinglikepeople—inotherwords，they'vebeenmakingtools，creatingceremonies，andsharingfood—foralongtime.That'stheconclusionofarecentstudyfromSouthAfrica'ssoutherncoast.There，inacavelyingabovethesea，researchersfromArizonaStateUniversityhavefoundevidencethathumanswerebehavinginsurprisinglycomplexwaysasearlyas164,000yearsago.Ourspecies，Homosapiens，appearedabout200,000yearsago.ThecaveheldthreeimportantcluesaboutthebehavioroftheseStoneAgepeople.First，theresearchersfoundtheremainsofallkindsofshellfish.Thepeoplewholivedinthecaveprobablycollectedthesecreaturesfromrockyshoresandtidepoolsandbroughtthemtothecavetoeat.TheresearchersproposetheearlyAfricansmovedtotheSouthAfricancoastbetween195,000and130,000yearsago.Aroundthattime，theclimateinlandturnedrelativelycoldanddry.Therefore，therewerefewerplantsandanimalstoeatawayfromthecoast.Whentheseancientpeoplemovedtothecoast，theyprobablyexperiencedamajorculturalshift，theresearcherssuspect.That'sbecauseobservationsofmodernhuntergatherersocietiessuggestthatmenaremorelikelytohuntforbiganimalswhenpeopleliveinland.Onthecoast，womenplayamoreimportantroleinprovidingfoodbygatheringplantsandshellfish.Asforthesecondclue，theresearchersunearthed57piecesofreddishpigment(颜料)．Theresearchersthinkthatthecavehabitantsusedthepaintforcoloringtheirbodiesorforotherceremonies.Symbolicbehaviorisaclearlyhumanfeature.Finally，thesearchdiscoveredover1,800stonetools，includingwell craftedblades(刀片)．Thesebladescameinvarioussizes.Thesmallestwerejustlessthanahalf inchwide.Ancientpeoplemayhaveattachedthesebladestotheendofasticktomakespearsorothertools.1．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Ancientcavebehavior.B．Newevidenceofancientlife.C．Thehistoryofhumanbeings.D．Humanbehavior'sdevelopment.2．TheearlyAfricansmovedtotheSouthAfricancoastwiththemainpurposeof______.A．avoidingbadlycoldanddryweatherB．seekingtheculturaldevelopmentC．seekingenoughfoodtoliveonD．livinganewerandbetterlife3．Accordingtothepassage，thecavehabitants______.A．knewhowtousecolorsfordecorationB．madealivinglargelybyhuntinganimalsC．onlycouldmadetoolswithroughbladesD．couldhuntforfishintheseawithships-31-\n4．AftertheearlyAfricansmovedtothecoast，whatprobablyhappenedtotheirculture?A．Women'srolewasasimportantasmen'sroleinfamilies.B．Theywerenolongerusedtolivinginlandsbutlivingonthecoast.C．Men'srolewasmoreimportantthanwomen'sroleinearningfood.D．Women'srolewasmoreimportantthanmen'sroleinearningfood.5．Thenewdiscoveriesinthecaveshouldsupportthetheorythat______.A．modernhumanbehaviordevelopedsmoothlyfastfromtheancienttimeB．modernhumanbehaviordevelopedslowlyfromtheancienttimeC．SouthAfricaisthebirthplaceoftheearliesthumanbeingsintheworldD．modernhumanbehaviorislargelythesameasancienthumanbehavior-31-\n参考答案专题三 阅读理解命题调研·明晰考向真题试做56．B 主旨大意题。文章第一段提到瑙鲁前后的变化以及该段最后一句“...othercountriesmightlearnfromitsmistakes.”可知作者的写作目的是引起其他国家的重视，以示警示。故选B项。57．C 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“...usedtobeabeautifulplace.”以及第二段第一句“...livedontheremoteislandofNauru，farfromwesterncivilization.”可知瑙鲁在欧洲人到来之前是一个安静而美丽的地方。58．B 细节理解题。第四段提到一家英国矿业公司发现瑙鲁含有丰富的磷酸盐后开始开采，第五段又说明了其实这种露天矿的开采破坏了土壤的表层，最终使得“thelovelyislandofNaurustartedtolooklikethemoon”。因此可以看出其生态灾难是由过度开采引起的，故B项正确。59．A 细节理解题。根据最后一段前两句“Unfortunately，theleaderinvestedthemoneyunwiselyandlostmillionsofdollars.Inaddition，theyusedmillionsmoredollarsforpersonalexpenses.”可知领导人投资的不明智，加上还要花更多的钱用在个人消费上，致使陷入财政困难。故选A项。60．A 推理判断题。最后一段的最后两句话暗示，瑙鲁的生态灾难几乎很难恢复。故选A项。61．D 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“...askedProf.JamesMurraytoserveaseditorforwhatwastobethemostambitiousdictionaryinthehistoryoftheEnglishlanguage.”及后面一句对字典编写所做了的要求可知，第一本牛津英语字典编写的初衷就是想成为历史上规模最伟大的字典。A项应是afterMinordied；B项编辑的作者是Murray而不是anAmericanvolunteer；C项invented错误，而是collected。故D项正确。62．C 细节理解题。第三段介绍了Minor帮助编写字典的方式是“sendingwordsandquotationstoMurray，”从而成为最重要的投稿者之一。故选C项。63．A 细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“...foundMinorlockedinabook linedcellattheBroadmoorAsylum(精神病院)fortheCriminallyInsane.”可知Minor拒绝拜访牛津大学是因为精神病犯罪而被囚禁在堆满书的小房间中。因此A项正确。64．B 细节理解题。倒数第三段第一句说明了两人成为朋友的主要原因：sharingtheirloveofwords。D项为干扰项，错误在于不是到美国看望Minor，而是在英国。65．D 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“...thousandsofthemwerecontributionsfromaveryscholarlyanddevotedasylumpatient.”可以推断Minor是一位不寻常的学者。故选D项。66．C 主旨大意题。整篇文章主要介绍了在编写第一本牛津字典的过程中，Minor即使在精神病院内也忙于积累材料，对于这本字典的完成做出了不寻常的贡献；故C项符合整篇文意。67．D 细节理解题。根据第二段“...givesquirrelsawaytocrossthebusyroadwithoutgettingflattenedbypassingcars.”可知建造NuttyNarrowBridge的目的是为了保护松鼠安全地过马路。68．B 细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“...thatday'scoffeebreakdiscussionturnedintosquirrelsafety.”以及第二句“Thegroupofbusinessmencookedupthesquirrelbridgeidea...”可知就是在喝咖啡休息时萌生了建造松鼠桥的想法。故选B项。69．D 词义猜测题。倒数第三段的前两句主要介绍了松鼠慢慢适应了过桥，并能看到松鼠教小松鼠们怎样过桥；guidingtheiryoung和teachingthemtheropes为并列成分，都是松鼠教导小松鼠们怎样过桥的方法，故D项正确。70．C 细节理解题。倒数第二段说明了经过20年的使用，大桥又重新做了修复，故选C项。文章中没有提到把旧桥修复的更长，A项错误；通读全文内容可排除B项；BillHutch仅参与了建造工作，并不是设计桥的人，真正的设计者是建筑师。-31-\n71．A 推理判断题。根据最后一段“...aten footwoodensquirrelsculpturewasplacednearthebridgeinmemoryofitsbuilderandhisdevotiontotheproject.”可以推断，Peters因为爱动物，倡导修建这座桥而被人们记住。文中没有提到他是否因此得到奖章，因此可以排除D项。72．D 推理判断题。根据第二段提到“...mywifealreadydoesthat...”以及本段后面提到很多的家电制造商正在努力使他们的家电更加智能化。说明了这种智能技术的普及化。故选D项。73．B 细节理解题。根据第四段“...connecttoanysmartphonethroughadownloadableapplication.”可知洗衣机是与智能手机相连的。故选B项。74．A 推理判断题。第六段三星就智能洗衣机的实用性以及可操作性用实例进行了说明，可概括得出这一观点：这种应用程序连接使得生活更加方便。75．C 主旨大意题。最后一段点明了现代技术给我们的生活带来方便的同时，也导致人们惰性等问题的产生。故C项正确。创新模拟·预测演练11．D 根据第一段第二句“...hermostsignificantachievementwasherrecord settingstringofsevenNumberOnesinglesontheBillboardHot100chart.”可知答案为D项。2．A 根据第二段第一句“WhitneyHoustonwasbornthedaughterofthefamedgospel(福音)singerCissyHouston...”可知，她出生于一个福音歌唱家家庭。3．D 根据最后一段倒数第二句“accusationaroseofdrugabuse”可知，她因吸食毒品而受到控告。4．B 根据第三段第一句“WhitneysignedwithAristain1983andreleasedherself titleddebutalbumtwoyearslater.”可知，她于1985年发行了她的首张个人专辑。5．B 第一段主要介绍了惠特尼的个人成就。21．D 推理判断题。根据第一段“She'sbeencalled‘dangerous’，‘outrageous’，evena‘monster’．..”可推断出，公众对她的教育方法评价不高。2．A 推理判断题。根据第二段可知她对她的孩子们很严厉。3．D 细节理解题。根据第四段“...Chinesegirls，forexample，areoutperformingallotherforeigngroupsatGCSE—79percentgetting5A CGrades...”可知，中国的孩子学习成绩要好得多。4．B 词义猜测题。attention意为“注意”；criticism意为“批评”；curiosity意为“好奇”；contribution意为“贡献”。根据第一段人们的评价，结合Although引导的让步状语从句判断，B项符合逻辑。句意：尽管她因为她的教育理论受到了很多批评，但是有一点不容忽视——中国孩子在教育上的成功。5．B 推理判断题。根据第三段“Ms.ChuaconsiderstheChinesehardworkethicasawayofcreatinghappy，successfulchildren...”可推断出，她认为她的教育方法很有用。31．C 细节理解题。根据第一段“Itwasnotjustthatitwastheendofawonderfulholiday...”中的“awonderfulholiday”可判断，他在纽约的两周过得很愉快，由此判断答案为C项。2．D 细节理解题。根据第二段可知，与会人员口是心非，表里不一，这种不公开、不诚实的会风使他厌烦，由此判断正确答案为D项。3．D 词义猜测题。第四段提到马丁能根据与会人员所说的话而得知他们心里的真实想法，之后第五段接着说，他说出与会人员的真实想法，使别人都迷惑地看着他，由此判断，“他新获得的能力”即意为：他能根据别人的话说出他们心里的真实想法。4．C 细节理解题。会初，马丁准备着忍受会议的乏味，而后随着会议的进行，他发现自己能根据别人所说的话而得知他们心里的真实想法，对此他做出反应，即试着说出他们心里的真实想法，从而引导人们学会理解他人的想法，并坦诚地说出自己心里的想法。由此判断正确答案为C项。-31-\n5．B 推理判断题。根据“peoplestartedtospeakmoredirectly”可知，随着会议的进行，与会人员开始坦诚地说出心里真实的想法，B项即为这样的话，故正确答案为B项。41．C 主旨大意题。综合文章内容可知，文章主要叙述了人们对这位失去爱狗的残疾女士的关爱。2．B 细节理解题。根据第二段“...everythingfromdogstomoney，suchasthatfromJasonDalyofRosevillewhosaid，‘Iwouldliketobuyheranewdog.’”和倒数第二段可知B项正确。3．C 细节理解题。根据文章第三段可知，宠物美容师和另外一个人坐在狗身上最终导致狗窒息而死。4．D 细节理解题。根据文章第四段可知，Gooch没有经过特殊训练，但能够为Crouch捡东西，给她提供一些帮助。5．A 推理判断题。从文章最后一段可知，Crouch认为没有狗会替代她原来的狗，因此推断狗死了以后，她很伤心。51．A 细节理解题。根据第一段“InadditiontobabyNargisinIndia，Bangladesh，thePhilippinesandCambodiahaveallidentifiedsevenbillionthbabies.”可知，除了印度的纳尔吉斯外，孟加拉国、菲律宾、柬埔寨也都认定了他们的第70亿个出生婴儿，所以纳尔吉斯不是唯一的一个。2．A 细节理解题。根据第二段“...lowbirthratesinJapanandmanyEuropeannationshaveraisedconcernsaboutlaborshortages.”可知，日本及许多欧洲国家出生率很低，引起了人们对劳动力缺乏的担忧。3．C 推理判断题。根据第三段可知，1999年10月份世界人口达到了60亿，预计到2050年将达到90亿，由此推算大约需要50年。4．B 词义猜测题。根据第四段可知，印度人口年轻化对他们来说是个机会，结合日本、欧洲国家劳动力不足的事实判断印度会因此而获得好处，所以选B项。5．D 细节理解题。根据全文最后可知，公共政策需要严肃对待的问题有性别平等、防止营养不良、提高医疗服务、健康饮水、教育等，所以答案为D项。61．B 主旨大意题。本文为新闻，根据第一段的导语可知，专家们呼吁要保护孩子们，防止他们受二手烟的危害，所以答案为B项。2．C 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Ifparentsoftensmokeathome，itisverylikelychildrenwilldevelopasmokinghabit，whichcancauseaviciouscircle...”可知答案为C项。3．B 细节理解题。根据第五段“Researchhasshownthatchildrenwhoareexposedtosecondhandsmokewillsufferfrommorecolds，coughsandsorethroats，andtheyaremorelikelytosufferfrombronchitis，pneumoniaandwillhaveahigherriskofdevelopingcancer.”可知，感冒、咳嗽、嗓子沙哑、支气管炎、肺炎、癌症都与二手烟有关，但是没有提到行为问题也与二手烟有关，所以应选B项。4．D 词义猜测题。由文中可知孩子喜欢模仿大人，尤其是他们的父母。一旦孩子养成吸烟的习惯，就有可能会继续影响下一代，这样自然会导致恶性循环了。故可判断答案为D项。5．D 逻辑推理题。根据最后一段“Also，around40millionofthecountry's130millionchildrenagedbetween13and18hadtriedsmoking，and15millionhadbecomeaddictedtotobacco.”可判断答案为D项。71．D 细节理解题。根据第四段“GermanPrimeMinisterAngelaMerkelsaidGermanywouldcloseallsevennuclearpowercentersforamomentwhileenergypolicyisreconsidered.”可知，德国将暂时关闭七座核电站，故选D项。2．D 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“TheNuclearEnergyInstitutesaidtwentyninepercentofJapan'selectricitycamefromnuclearsourcesin2011.Thegovernmenthas-31-\nplannedtoincreasethattofortypercentby2017.”可知，40%－29%＝11%，故选D项。3．D 细节理解题。根据第二段“NonewnuclearpowercentershavebeenbuiltintheUnitedStatessince1979.ThatwaswhenAmerica'sworstnuclearaccidenthappenedattheThreeMileIslandcenterinPennsylvania.”可知，答案为D项。4．B 主旨大意题。日本核辐射引发了全球对核能使用的反思，继而报道了各国对核能的使用状况及相关态度，由此判断全文主题应该是B项。5．C 推理判断题。根据画线句前的“Butradioactivewasteisaseriousunresolved(未解决的)issue.”再结合对画线句的理解可判断，作者对在伊朗布什尔地震多发地区建立核电站的做法持反对态度，故选C项。81．B 细节理解题。根据第一段可知，汽车能飞可在2013年成为现实，在2013年年底这种飞车就可能交付给消费者，所以B项正确。由于2013年这种飞车只是有可能问世而不可能普及，A项错误；根据第二段最后“Ferrarisdon'tfly.”可知C项错误；根据第二段可知，RichardGersh是马萨诸塞州Terrafugia公司的副总裁，而不是马萨诸塞州的副州长，所以D项错误。2．B 细节理解题。根据第三段“Thecar planehaswingsthatunfoldforflying—aprocessthecompanysaystakesoneminute...”可知答案为B项。3．C 推理判断题。文章第六段从安全的角度介绍了这种飞车的设计，所以推断飞车的飞行高度10,000英尺应该是低于普通的飞机，所以C项不是事实。4．D 词义猜测题。根据第七段“Anotheroptionisafull planeparachute”判断it指的是普通飞机的降落伞。5．A 主旨大意题。本介绍了让汽车飞起来的想法很快就会成为现实，所以答案为A项。aroundthecorner意为“即将到来”。91．D 主旨大意题。本文是广告，介绍了在巴黎旅游的一些情况。大凡旅游方面的文章都会介绍一些出发时间、地点、目的地、旅游路线等，本文也不例外，A、B、C三项均有一定干扰性，文中对这些内容也有所涉及，但题义中的mainly决定了此题为主旨大意题，而非细节题，介绍在巴黎的路线及费用，其目的在于吸引顾客去巴黎旅游。2．A 细节理解题。从第四段“Intheafternoonyouarefreetoexplore...”可知有半天的自由时间。“havea‘ParisByNight’”是在第二天晚上，B项错误；“haveapleasurevoyageontheRiverSeine”是在第三天下午的自由时间，有好多项目可供游客选择，所以“一起(together)”游览塞纳河不妥；根据第二段“...issituatedabouttwomilessouthofNotreDame，enablingyoutoexplorePariswithease.”可知，旅店是在巴黎圣母院以南两英里，而不是距离巴黎两英里，因此D项不合题意。3．B 词义猜测题。从上下文我们得知，Montmartre是个地名，因此quarter在此指“地区”，相当于district。4．C 细节理解题。从“Includedinthepriceof$129perperson”看A、B、D项均在129美元所列范围内，根据“VisittoChateauofVersailles(admissionnotincluded)”可知参观凡尔赛城堡需另外交钱。5．C 推理判断题。从第三段“YouthenleaveParisandtakeashortdrivetothemagnificentPalaceofVersailles...”可以推知凡尔赛宫不在巴黎城区。101．A 主旨大意题。文章首先提出古代人类一直就像人那样地生活，接着指出在南非南部海岸一个洞穴里发现的古代非洲人的行为线索就说明这一点，之后第三段提出“ThecaveheldthreeimportantcluesaboutthebehavioroftheseStoneAgepeople.”，下文便介绍居住在洞穴里的原始人的行为，由此判断全文的主要内容是“Ancientcavebehavior”。B项过于抽象；C、D两项与文章内容不符。2．C 细节理解题。根据第五段“Aroundthattime，theclimateinlandturnedrelativelycoldanddry.Therefore，therewerefewerplantsandanimalstoeatawayfromthecoast.”可知，古代非洲人是因为内陆气候相对寒冷干燥致使能吃的动植物越来越少才不得不南迁至海岸，由此可知，其南迁的主要目的是为了寻找食物求生存，故选C项。-31-\n3．A 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Theresearchersthinkthatthecavehabitantsusedthepaintforcoloringtheirbodiesorforotherceremonies.”可知，洞穴人会用颜料装饰，故选A项。非洲人南迁才成了洞穴人，捕猎是他们南迁成为洞穴人之前的生活方式，故排除B项；C项错在“only...roughblades”；D项内容在文中未提及。4．D 细节理解题。根据第六段“...menaremorelikelytohuntforbiganimalswhenpeopleliveinland.Onthecoast，womenplayamoreimportantroleinprovidingfoodbygatheringplantsandshellfish.”可判断D项正确。5．B 推理判断题。由第一段可知，在南非南部海岸一个洞穴里发现的古代非洲人的行为线索说明：人类自古以来一直就像人那样地生活，即一直制造工具、创立仪式和分享食物，最后经过漫长的历史发展到今天。即：现代人的行为是从古代逐渐发展而来的，故选B项。-31-
