2013年高考第二轮复习英语陕西版专题升级训练十七 史地、自然、科普、新闻类阅读理解、信息匹配（二）第一节 阅读理解AAstheforcefulkingofMacedonia（马其顿），AlexandertheGreatoverthrewthePersianEmpire，becomingaherothatwouldsurvivecenturiesafterhisdeath.Bornin356B.C.，AlexanderⅢwasthesonofPhilipⅡandOlympias.Alexander'sparentswantedhimtoreceivethefinesteducation，andarrangedforhimtostudyunderAristotle，regardedasoneofthegreatestscholars.Alexander'sfatherwasastrongleader.PhilipⅡbuiltanimpressivearmyandestablishedtheMacedoniankingdom；hewasevenplanningtoattackPersiashortlybeforehisdeath.In336B.C.，PhilipⅡwasmurderedbyoneofhisguards.Althoughitwasobviousthattheguardhadapersonalhatred，therewerecluesthatotherpeoplewererelatedtoit.AfterAlexanderwasclearedasasuspect，hesucceededhisfatherwithoutopposition，andkilledthosesaidtoberesponsibleforhisfather'smurder，aswellasallrivals.Hewasthenjust20yearsold.HethenpreparedtoattackPersia.Inthespringof334B.C.，Alexanderledthearmymadeupofnearly50,000soldiersintoAsia，whichwascalled“themostpowerfulmilitaryexpedition（远征）evertoleaveGreece”．HesoundlydefeatedthePersianarmyattheGranicusRiver，sendingastrongmessagetoDariusⅢ，leaderofthePersianEmpire.In333B.C.，AlexanderfacedDariusagainatIssus，amountainpass.TheMacedonianarmywasgreatlyoutnumberedbutabletoworkthenarrowmountainpassagewaytotheiradvantage.Dariusmanagedtoescape.ContinuingdowntheMediterraneanCoast，Alexandertookeverycityinhispath.In332B.C.，AlexanderdeclaredEgypttobepartoftheGreekEmpireandwascrownedPharaoh（法老）．WhenAlexanderleftEgyptin331B.C.，hedefeatedthePersiansagainandwascrownedleaderofAsia.In323B.C.，however，Alexanderdevelopedafeveronthewaybackhomeanddied10dayslateratBabylon.Hewasjust33yearsold.1．WhatcanweknowaboutPhilipⅡ'sdeath?A．Hewaskilledbysomeoneintendingtotakepowerfromhim.B．AlexandersentsomeonewhohatedPhilipⅡtokillhim.C．HisdeathwasrelatedtohisplanoffightingPersia.D．Themurdermightbeorganizedbyagroupofpeople.2．TheMacedonianarmycoulddefeatthePersiansatIssusmainlybecause______.A．Dariusdidn'tcommandhisarmyinthebattlefieldB．theMacedoniansoldiersweremorethanthePersiansoldiersinnumberC．theMacedoniansoldierscouldfightbetteratthemountainpassD．MacedoniawasmorepowerfulthanthePersianEmpire3．InwhichorderdidAlexanderdothefollowingthings?a．TotallyoverthrewthePersianEmpire.b．DefeatedthePersianarmyatIssus.c．WascrownedPharaohofEgypt.d．DefeatedthePersianarmyattheGranicusRiver.e．BecametheleaderofMacedonia.-7-\nA．e，d，b，c，a B．d，e，a，c，bC．e，b，d，c，aD．d，a，c，e，b4．Accordingtothepassage，wecaninfer______.A．AristotletaughtAlexanderhowtodefeatothernationsB．Alexanderwashappyabouthisfather'sdeathC．PersiaistoughertodefeatthanEgyptD．MacedoniasoondeclinedafterAlexanderdiedBThebrownwidowspiderbecameestablishedinSouthernCaliforniainearly2000andhasbecomepartofthelocalspiderfamilyinurbanLosAngelesandSanDiego.ThebrownwidowspideriscontinuingitsexpansioninSouthernCaliforniaandcouldpossiblymovenorthwardintoCentralCalifornia.ThebrownwidowissuspectedtohaveevolvedinAfricaalthoughitwasfirstdescribedfromSouthAmerica，whichaddsconfusionastowhereitmighthaveoriginated.ItisatropicalandsubtropicalspiderhavingestablishedpopulationsinHawaii，Florida，partsofAustralia，SouthAfricaandJapan.InNorthAmerica，thebrownwidowspiderwasrestrictedformanydecadestotheFloridaPeninsula.However，aroundtheyear2000，itstartedshowingupinotherGulfCoaststates.BrownwidowsarenowknownfromTexastoGeorgiaandSouthCarolina.Thebrownwidowbuildsitswebinprotectedsitesaroundhomesandinwoodyvegetationwithbranches.Sometypicalsitesselectedbybrownwidowsforwebbuildingareemptycontainerssuchasbucketsandnurserypots，mailboxes，entrywaycorners，undereaves，storageclosetsandgarages，undercarriagesofmotorvehiclesthatarestationaryforlongperiods，andtheundersidesofoutdoorfurniture.Theychooseplacesthataremoreexposedthansiteschosenbyblackwidowsandtherefore，appeartobeathigherriskforinteractionswithhumansasfarasbitesareconcerned.Onerecentstudydemonstratesthatthebrownwidowspiderislesspoisonousthanotherwidowspecies.Thereasonfortheweakereffectofbrownwidowbitesonhumansispossiblybecausethebrownwidowdoesnothavemuchpoisonasitslargerrelatives，butitisreallyathreattohumansastoitspoison.Thetwomajorsymptomsofabrownwidowbitearethatthebitehurtswhenitisgivenanditleavesaredmark.Thesetwosymptomsarenotmuchdifferentfromthebiteofnormalhouseholdspiders.Thereisnospecificinformationregardingthecontrolofbrownwidowsbyfarmchemicals.Mostcurrentadviceiswhatisusedforcontrollingspidersingeneral.Therefore，mostcommerciallyavailablefarmchemicalsshouldworkonbrownwidows.Avoidingamessofthehouseandthegarageshouldreducenestsitesforthem.Also，oneshouldstoregarageitemsinplasticbagswheretheremightbeinteractionswithspiders.Theseitemsincluderarelyworngarmentssuchasgardeningclothesandgloves，recreationalitemslikesportsequipment（i.e.，baseballgloves）andotheritemswherespiderscancrawlupintoholeswherefingerscanbeinserted.5．Theauthorwrotethisarticleto______.A．announcetheresultofaresearchonspidersB．introducethewaystogetridofthespidersC．reportanewfindingofthewidowspeciesD．warnreadersagainstthebrownwidow-7-\n6．Fromthepassagewecanconcludethat______.A．brownwidowsarepossiblyspreadingnorthwardB．brownwidowsoriginatedfromAfricaC．brownwidowsnowcanbefoundinallcountriesD．thereusedtobenobrownwidowsinNorthAmerica7．Thethirdparagraphismainlyabout______.A．thebrownwidow'swebbuildingB．thecharacteristicsofthebrownwidowC．thehabitatpreferencesofthebrownwidowD．thebrownwidow'sthreattohumanbeings8．Itcanbeinferredthat______.A．brownwidowscanbekilledwithanyfarmchemicalsB．atpresentpeoplecanonlycontrolbrownwidowspidersC．thebrownwidowhasmorepoisonthantheblackwidowD．victimsbittenbythebrownwidowneedn'tseethedoctorCYou'veheardofthedangersofsecondhandsmoke.Nowhere'sanotherworry：secondhandTV.AgrowingnumberofresearchersarewarningaboutthedangersofwatchingTVwhenveryyoungchildrenarenearby.RecentfindingssuggestthatevencasualexposuretoTVcanharmtheirdevelopmentandruinparentchildinteractions（沟通）．ThemostrecentwarningcamelastweekwhentheAmericanAcademyofPediatrics（儿科）forthefirsttimeincludedwarningsabout“secondhandtelevision”initsguidelinesforkidsunderage2.InadditiontothetimeforyoungkidstowatchTV，itwarnedagainstwatchingTVwiththemnearby，sayingthepracticehurttheirlanguagedevelopment.Itpointedtoseveralstudies，includingonethatfoundbackgroundTVreducedthelengthoftimechildrenplayedandcausedtheirfocusonplaytowander.RecentsurveysfindthataboutoneofthreefamiliesleavetheTVonmostofthetime.ThewarningsaidTVkeepsyoungkidsandtheirparentsfrominteracting—akeywaychildrendeveloptheworkingvocabularythey'llneedinschool.“Ifyou'retryingtoconnectwithyourkids，you'vegottoturnthescreensoff，”saysAriBrown，apediatricianandleadauthorontherecommendations.SheworriesthatwhenthefocusisonTV，there'slesstalktime.BrowndiscouragesfamiliesfromkeepingtheTVonwhennooneiswatchingandsuggeststheywaituntilveryyoungkidsareinbedbeforetheywatchtheirfavoriteshow.“Parentsaredistracted（分散注意力）byTVthesamewaypreschoolersare，”saysLisaGuernsey，authorofthe2007bookIntotheMindsofBabies：HowScreenTimeAffectsChildrenFromBirthtoAgeFive.Shesaysyoungchildrenlearnmuchmorefromfacetofaceinteractionthanascreen.“Theyseesomeonewho'sabletodothatasatruelearningpartner，”shesays.“Theydon'thaveanywayofknowingwhetherthatcharacterorfaceonscreenreallyunderstandsthem.”9．WhichofthefollowingisthebadeffectofsecondhandTVwatching?A．Itcausedchildrennottoplayattentively.B．Ithurtchildren'sfeelingstotheirparents.C．ItmadechildrensufferfromtheviolenceonTV.D．Ittaughtchildrensomeimproperlanguage.10．Whatcanbeinferredfromthethirdparagraph?A．ParentsshouldlimittheTVtimeforchildren.B．Parentsshouldspendtimeplayingwithchildren.-7-\nC．ParentsshouldbuyanotherTVfortheirchildren.D．Parentsshouldstrengthentheirchildren'slanguagedevelopment.11．Whatissuggestedinthefourthparagraph?A．WheneverybodyinthefamilyfocusesonTV，thereismoretalktime.B．Interactingplaysanimportantpartindevelopingkids'vocabulary.C．ThecharactersonTVscreencanreallyunderstandyoungchildren.D．Adultslearnmuchmorefromfacetofaceinteractionthanascreen.DBycreatingadistinctiveusernameandreusingitonmultiplewebsites，youmaybegivingonlinemarketersandscammersasimplewaytotrackyou.FourresearchersfromtheFrenchNationalInstituteforResearchinComputerScience（INRIA）studiedover10millionusernames—collectedfrompublicGoogleprofiles，eBayaccountsandseveralothersources.Theyfoundthatabouthalfoftheusernamesusedononesitecouldbelinkedtoanotheronlineprofile，potentiallyallowingmarketersandscammerstobuildamorecomplexpictureoftheusers.“Theseresultsshowthatsomeuserscanbeprofiledjustfromtheirusernames，”saysClaudeCastelluccia，researchdirectorofthesecurityandprivacyresearchgroupatINRIA，andoneoftheauthorsofapaperonthework.“Morespecifically，aprofilercoulduseusernamestoidentifyalltheprofilesthatbelongtothesameuserandthenusealltheinformationcontainedinthesesitestoprofilethevictim.”Thosewhohavemoreuniqueusernamesaremorelikelytobeattacked.TheINRIAresearchershavecreatedatoolthatcancheckhowuniqueausernameis，andthushoweasilyanattackercoulduseittobuildaprofileofaperson.Researchesareexploringwaysthatthetracesofdatathatpeopleleaveondifferentwebsitescouldbecombinedandusedtotrackthem.A2010papershowedthattheonlinegroupstowhichpeoplebelongedcouldbeusedtoinfertheirrealidentityin42percentofcases.Buildingprofilesofconsumersusingonlineinformationhasalreadybecomeamajorindustryformarketersaswellasonlinecriminals.12．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．LookoutforonlinecriminalsB．YourusernamemaybetrayyouC．Don'tleaveyourtracesonlineD．Auniqueusernameismoreattractive13．Onlinemarketersmayuseyourusernameto______.A．getapictureofyoursB．stealfromyouronlineaccountC．getusefulinformationaboutyouD．findoutyourinterestorhobbies14．Themainpurposeofthepassageisprobablyto______.A．warnusofthepossibledangersofauniqueusernameB．tellushowtomanageouronlineinformationC．adviseusonhowtochooseaproperusernameD．tellustheimportanceofausername15．Wecaninferfromthepassagethat______.A．it'shardtobuildaprofileofapersonfromanonlineusernameB．it'sbettertouseamorecomplexusernameonlineC．anonlineusernamehaslittletodowiththerealpersonD．we'dbetternotusethesameusernameondifferentsites第二节 信息匹配-7-\nA．TrustisvitalinrelationshipsB．ShowgreatrespectforothersC．SharefeelingstounderstandeachotherbetterD．TrytoalwayshavenewrelationshipE．GoodteenrelationshipshelptosolveproblemsF．Communicatetoavoidfutureproblems16．Intheeventthatyouarecurrentlyinateenrelationship，harmoniousteenrelationshipscanpreventyoufromexperiencingproblemswithinourrelationship，anditmayalsohelpyoutomovepastanyproblemsthatyoumayalreadyhave.Checkoutthecompletearticletolearnwhatteenrelationshipsmaydoforyou.17．Duringthetimethatyouareinyourteens，itcanbeatremendouslyexcitingandpassionatetimeforindividuals，andatanytimethatyouareinarelationshipduringyourteens，itisveryimportantthatyoushowthemaximumlevelofrespect，bothforyourpartnerandyourself.Theinteractionsandactionswithinrelationshipsatthisparticularagemayleavelastingimpressionsonallofyourrelationshipformanyyearstocome，sowhydon'tyoumakeallofthemgoodimpressions?18．Withintheseearlyrelationships，whenmistrustispresent，itmayeasilyleadtoreallysevereissueswithtrustinrelationshipsonceyougetalittleolder.Itisveryimportantforyoutoprovetoyoursignificantones（重要的人）thatyouaretrustworthyofthem.19．Whetheryoulikeitornot，therearesometeenagersthatsimplydon'ttaketheirrelationshipsseriously.Intheend，thismayleadtoseveralproblems，ofwhichcheatingisthemostcommonproblem.Whenyouhavesomeonecheatonyou，itisamongthemostpainfulthingsthatmayhappenwithinyourlife，anditisparticularlyhardtogetoveritifithappensatayoungage.Inordertopreventthis，whenyouarewithsomeone，youshouldtakeamomenttotalkabouteachother'sexpectations.20．Eachoftherelationshipsthatyougothroughduringyourteensmaybeamongthemostintensethatyouwilleverencounterwithinyourwholelife.Itmayalsofeellikewhensomethinghappensitisgoingtofeelliketheworldiscomingtoanend，butitreallyisn'tgoingtobe.Chancesarethatyouaregoingtomoveonfromthesituationsthathappenandmeetmanynewindividualsandhavesomenewrelationships，andtheyaregoingtobejustasexcitingandnewastherelationshipthatyouhavebeenexperiencingcurrently.-7-\n参考答案第一节 阅读理解A1.答案：D解析：推理判断题。根据第四段第二句中的内容可推断这次谋杀可能是一群人策划好的行动。2.答案：C解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第四段第二句中的内容可知他们能取胜的主要原因是更善于在狭窄的山路上作战。3.答案：A解析：细节理解题。本文是按照时间的先后顺序进行叙述的，第五段第一句提到了e项，第六段第二句提到了d项，第七段提到了b项，第八段提到了c项，第九段提到了a项，故正确答案为A项。4.答案：C解析：推理判断题。根据文章中叙述的推翻波斯帝国和埃及的过程，可推测击败波斯比击败埃及困难。B5.答案：D解析：作者意图题。文章从这种蜘蛛的渊源谈起，预测了它的蔓延范围，进而介绍了它的生活习性、危害以及控制方法，所以作者意在警告读者当心这种蜘蛛。6.答案：A解析：细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句话可知它们可能会朝北方蔓延。7.答案：C解析：主旨大意题。本段指出了这种蜘蛛经常选择的织网的地方，即主要介绍这种蜘蛛的栖息偏好。8.答案：B解析：推理判断题。最后一段提到还没有掌握控制这种蜘蛛应当使用的化学药品的具体信息，目前的建议是采用控制蜘蛛的一般方法，并提供了一些预防措施，由此可推断目前人们只能控制它们。C9.答案：A解析：推理判断题。从第三段“...hurttheirlanguagedevelopment...causedtheirfocusonplaytowander”和第四段的“...TVkeepsyoungkidsandtheirparentsfrominteracting...”可以推出。10.答案：A解析：推理判断题。从第三段的“InadditiontothetimeforyoungkidstowatchTV...theirlanguagedevelopment”可知。11.答案：B解析：推理判断题。从第四段的“...TVkeepsyoungkidsandtheirparentsfrominteracting—akeywaychildrendeveloptheworkingvocabularythey'llneedinschool.‘Ifyou'retryingtoconnectwithyourkids，you'vegottoturnthescreensoff’...”可知。D12.答案：B解析：主旨大意题。本文是一篇研究报道，第一段第一句是本文的中心句，根据本句的内容可知B项“你的用户名可能会背叛你”最贴近文章内容。13.答案：C解析：推理判断题。第一段最后一句提到市场营销人员可以根据搜集的信息对用户进行更为复杂的轮廓勾勒，再结合常识可推测网络市场营销人员可能会利用用户名来获取用户的有用信息。14.答案：A-7-\n解析：写作意图题。结合文章第一段的第一句和第三段提到的独特用户名存在的潜在危险以及最后一段中的内容可知本文旨在警告我们独特的用户名带来的危险。15.答案：D解析：推理判断题。倒数第二段第一句提到用户访问不同网站后的使用痕迹能够被联系起来并进行跟踪，由此可推断最好不要使用相同的用户名访问不同的网站。第二节 信息匹配答案与解析：16．答案：E解析：根据本段“harmoniousteenrelationshipscanpreventyoufromexperiencingproblemswithinourrelationship，anditmayalsohelpyoutomovepastanyproblems...”可知E项正确。17．答案：B解析：根据本段“...itisveryimportantthatyoushowthemaximumlevelofrespect，bothforyourpartnerandyourself.”对自己的伙伴和自己表现出最大的尊敬是非常重要的。18．答案：A解析：根据“Itisveryimportantforyoutoprovetoyoursignificantones（重要的人）thatyouaretrustworthyofthem.”可知A项正确。19．答案：F解析：根据本段最后一句“Inordertopreventthis，whenyouarewithsomeone，youshouldtakeamomenttotalkabouteachother'sexpectations.”可知F项正确。20．答案：D解析：根据本段“Chancesarethatyouaregoingtomoveonfromthesituationsthathappenandmeetmanynewindividualsandhavesomenewrelationships，andtheyaregoingtobejustasexcitingandnew...”可知D项正确。-7-
